THE GRAIN GROWERS’

A Splendid Library

Absolutely Free to Every Local Association

HE following books are a sample of the high class library which The Grain Growers’ Guide is donating free of all charges to every local association of men and women in the Prairie Provinces. This library consists of over one hundred books covering a wide range of subjects. It will be of great interest to the individual readers and will also be of great assistance in preparing programs for the association meetings. Look over

GUIDE November 10, 1915

this list of books and see whether you would like to have them as the property of your association.

THE TARIFF Sixty Years of Pro-

tection in Canada

—Edward. Porritt The Tariff—L. F. Ly-

barger

TAXATION Taxation of Land Values- Louis F, Post Progress and Poverty— enry George

RAILWAY REGU- LATION

cs : be: Gove Usesee q ship o ailways— Lord Kitchener 3. 6. Due DIRECT LEGISLATION Initiative, Referendum and Recall—R. L. Scott

The Reign of the People—S. J. Farmer Initiative and Referendum—L. J. Johnston Towards Democracy, or Direct Legislation the

Next Step—D. W. Buchanan

WOMAN SUFFRAGE The Story of Woman Suffrage—Mrs. M. G, Fawcett The Subjection of Women—J. Stuart Mill hy I. Want Woman Suffrage—F. C. Howe Women and Labor—Olive Schreiner

WAR AND PEACE Secrets of the German War Office—Graaves Famous Modern Battles—Captain Atteridge With Kitchener to Khartum—G. W. Steevens The War in the Air—H. G. Wells The Great Boer War—Sir Arthur Conan Doyle he Great Ilusion— Norman Angel The Life of Napoleon —Lockhart Life of Nelson—Robert Southey

CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT BANKS

Rural Credit—M. T. Herrick Co-operative People’s anks— Alphonse Desjardins AGRICULTURAL CO- OPERATION Co-operation in Agri- culture—Powell

Co-operation Among Farmers—Coulter

W. E. Gladstone

RURAL LIFE BOOKS

Among Country Schools—Kern

Rural Life in Canada—John McDougall

The moe of the Open Country—Warren H. uson

MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS

The History of Canadian Wealth—Meyers Adventures in Contentment—David Grayson Farm Management—Warren Wheat—Ten Eyck

BIOGRAPHY

Life of Richard Cobden—John Morley Life of John Bright—Barry O’Brien Life of Gladstone—H. W. Paul

Life of General Gordon—Boulger

Life of Charles Stuart Parnell—O’Buien Life of Oliver Cromwell—Harrison

Life of William Pitt—Lord Roseber Life of Abraham Lincoln—Hapgoo:

Life of Count Tolstoy—Chas. Sarolea

BOOKS FOR YOUNG FOLKS

Tales from Shakespeare—Lamb Tom Brown’s Schooldays—Hughes Martin Rattler—Ballantyne

Coral Island—Ballantyne

Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm—Wiggin Anne of Green Gables—Montgomery Boeing Seeds in Danny—MeClung Bible Stories for Children

Animal Stories for Children

The Book of Golden Deeds—Yonge Abandoned—Jules Verne

Secret of the Island—Jules Verne

GOOD NOVELS

A Tale of Two Cities—Charles Dickens

Cloister and the Hearth—Charles Reade

Cranford—Mrs. Gaskell :

John Halifax, Gentleman—Mrs. Craik hree Musketeers—Alexander Dumas

Toilers of the Sea—Victor Hugo

Woman in White—Wilkie Collins

Two Years Before the Mast—R. H. Dana

Jane Eyre—Charlotte Bronte

Twenty Years After—A. Dumas

The Old Lieutenant and His Son—Norman McLeod

Rob Roy—Sir Walter Scott

Phantom Regiment—James Grant

Running Water—A. E. W. Mason

The Grand Babylon Hotel—Arnold Bennett

The Wonderful Visit—Wells

The Pools of Silence—Stacpoole

Under the Greenwood Tree—Thos. Hardy

The Chaplain of the Fleet—Besant and Rice

The Mistress of Bonaventure—Harold Bindloss

The Valley of Kings—Marmaduke Pickthall

The Raiders—S. R. Crockett

The Privateers—H. B. Marriott Watson

The Wooden Horse— Walpole

The Heart of Penelope —Mrs. Belloc Lowndes

The Lonely Lady of Grosvenor Square—

rs. H. de la Pasture

The Lost Mameluke— David M. Beddoe

The Black Douglas— Crockett

Troy Town—A. T. Quiller-Couch

Innocents Abroad and the Jumping Frog —Mark Twain

Robert Elsmere—Mrs. H. Ward

The King’s Mirror—Anthony Hope

Clementina—A. E. W. Mason

The Man from America—Mrs. H. de la Pasture

Lady Audley’s Secret—Miss Braddon

The House with the Green Shutters—George

louglas

Sir George Tressady—Mrs, H. Ward

Born in Exile—George Gissing

Captain Margaret—John Masefield

The Prisoner of Zenda—Anthony Hope

The Refugees—Conan Doyle

Tom Sawyer—Mark Twain

Huckleberry Finn—Mark Twain

Micah Clarke—Conan Doyle

Prester John—John Buchan

Tristram of Blent— Anthony Hope

Simon Dale—Anthony Hope

Rules of the Game— Stewart E, White

A Gentleman of France —Stanley J. Weyman

Red Pottage—Mary Cholmondeley

The Girondin- H. Belloc

The Gentleman from Indiana — Booth Tarkington

The House of a Thou- sand Candles— Meredith Nicholson

The Potter’s Thumb— Steele

Count Tolstoy

Sir A. Conan Doyle

This is a Library of which any Association might well be Proud

Under our plan the library may be doubled every year without cost and may be added to at any time. It is not necessary to choose exactly the books we have named. Others may be selected if preferred. Our new catalog contains over 1,000 books. With each library we give full instructions for conducting it and also supply name labels for each book so that you can keep your records easily. We have already sent out several free libraries to associations and hope to send out one hundred more before : Christmas. If you would like this for your library now is the time to make arrangements. Remember it is absolutely free. All we ask is that the local associations assist us in our work, We will send full information of our free library offer to any member of any association, man or woman. Fill in carefully the coupon on this page and mail it today and full information will ‘be sent you by return mail.

THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE, WINNIPEG, MAN.

Please send me full particulars regarding your Free Library for Local Associations.

The name of my association is... 2.002022

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November 10, 1915 . THE -GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE (1489) 3

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dependent one ae must teach us seven days in advance of date of Growers’ Association, capitalistic or special ; publication to ensure insertion, Reading matter and the United . d interest money is e advertisements are marked ‘‘Advertisement.”” No Farmers of Alberta. Saas invested in it, ‘ advertisement for patent medicines, liquor, mining

GEORGE F. CHIPMAN. Editor and Manager p stock, or extravagantly worded real estate will be Associate Editors: John W. Ward and Ernest J. Trott b accepted. We believe, thru careful enquiry, that @&

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—e ” in the trenches or training camps whose Christmas may be a lonely You have a Soldier r al one unless he hears from you. Write him and send some little gift, that will be useful and he will be fuller than ever of the resolve to do his duty because you, at home, are thinking of him

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complete with strop and_ blades,

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onthem the badge of the battalion to which they belong. We

will pack and mail any article shown to any address you may give us, either at the front or in the training camps.

G52. British or Canadian Active’: G53, Extension Bracelet of the popular “take ai sain sa: ee ois hai anedae| sons.‘ ak

Service Button, on safety pin .25

THe Ik A RERRAGURTIBH OF GUL ee oa | The Dingwall Catalogue will help you most NEW 1916 CATALOGUE al ee | in buying gifts

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LESS LIQUOR IN SASKATCHEWAN

The following striking pronouncement on the success of the Saskatchewan legisla- tion abolishing the bar rooms in that proves is contained in a letter written

y Hon. Walter Scott, premier of the province, to D. F. Glass, of Vangouver:—

Dear Sir:—Replying to your querie concerning the situation in Saskatchewan in relation to intoxicating liquors, I may state that we have lived now in rather more than one hundred days without a bar room in the province and without a licensed liquor business of any sort or any sale of liquor (excepting sale by. a com- missioner under the government in a limited number of stores where sale is by package and subject to stringent restrictions), and I have yet to hear any report or testimony in respect of the new order of things other than that the con- sumption of liquor and drunkenness have been enormously lessened. Everywhere I go I am told of this man and that man who formerly wasted money and damaged their efficiency in and by drink and who are now regularly sober and better off both in health and pocket, To com- prehend the real significance of such cases, one needs to listen to the testimony of the wife of such a man.

In Saskatchewan the bars were closed primarily as a war measure and for the period of the war. The act provides for a vote of the people on the question of reopening the bars to be taken on a date subsequent to the termination of the war. One thing I venture to declare with the utmost confidence, which is, that if the decision rested with the wives, mothers and daughters of Saskatchewan, no bar would ever again be opened in the pro- vince. Which must not be taken to mean that I expect that the bars will reopen, because I believe the contrary.

Without. any reservation I am able -to say, after three and one-half months experience of our new system, that in its operation it is proving quite as satis- factory and beneficial to the people generally as the government. which took the heavy responsibility of inaugurating the system anticipated.

Believe me, very sincerely yours,

(Signed) WALTER SCOTT.

MANITOBA TRUSTEES, CONVENTION. A meeting of the executive of the

.Manitoba School Trustees’ Association

was held in Winnipeg on Friday, October 29, to make arrangements for the program for the annual convention for 1916.”

The convention will be held in Winni- peg on February 29, March 1 and 2, 1916, and further particulars will be announced as soon as possible. :

The dates for the annual meetings for the local and municipal school trustees’ associations thruout the province, and also special meetings for organization where necessary, will be announced as soon as final arrangements have been made.

DEATH OF SIR CHARLES TUPPER

Sir Charles Tupper, the veteran Can- adian statesman and the last survivor of the Fathers of Confederation, died in England on Saturday, Octoker 30, at the age of 94 years. In the 40’s and early 50’s Sir Charles was a country doctor in Nova Scotia. In 1855 he entered politics as a Conservative and became Premier of Nova Scotia in 1864. He represented his province in the negotiations which led to the formation of the Dominion of Canada, and after Confederation was accomplished in 1867 became a member of the federal house and later held several cabinet. positions. He was knighted in 1879 and became a baronet in 1888. Sir Charles was High Commissioner for Canada in London 1884 to 1887 when he returned to Canada to become Finance Minister. The next year he returned to the High Commissionership, but in 1896 again entered the Dominion cabinet. For a few months prior to the defeat. of the Conservative party in 1896 Sir Charles was Premier of Canada and he was leader of the opposition until 1900. when he was defeated and finally retired from political life. After his retirement Sir Charles spent most of his time in England. For some years he lived in London in the summer and in Winnipeg in_ winter. During the last few years he lived at Bexley Heath, Kent, England, when death occurred.

The title passes to a grandson, Charles Stuart Tupper, a barrister, who is a lieutenant in a Highland regiment now in training at Winnipeg and soon to proceed to the front.

November 10, 1915 MANITOBA HORSE BREEDERS’ ACT IN FORCE

All Manitoba farmers and horse breeders will be interested in knowing that a proclamation has been issued by His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor, bringing into force on and after November 8 the new Horse Breeders’ Act, passed at the 1914 session of the aeracial legislature. The new act provides for the enrolment of stallions under a system of inspection. In view of this it will be necessary for enrolment to begin as early as possible as this first inspection in the province will entail considerable work. The provincial department of agriculture is now sending out particulars regarding the working of the act, together with application forms. All owners of pure bred stallions enrolled last year are receiving these by mail. The department is anxious to reach every man ‘who has brought a stallion into the province since the last enrolment and urges each one to make application for enrolling stallion at the earliest possible date. Any stallion which is not properly inspected and enrolled cannot be placed in service in Manitoba in 1916, and the department seeks the hearty co-operation of all in order that the inspectors may begin work immediately. All owners of stallions, therefore, should make applica- tion to the provincial department of agriculture, Winnipeg, without delay, en- closing the enrolment fee of $2.00 together with certificate of pedigree by registered mail.

PROHIBITION AND BUSINESS

The Vindicator has the following:—

“As a matter of sheer common sense we know that if the liquor business were abolished the people would buy more of farm products, more of clothing, more of flour, more of meat, more of every com- modity than they now purchase.

“The experience of no-license cities has ever shown that where the saloons are closed men buy more cigars and tobacco in spite of the frantic effort made by the liquor -business within. the past few months to persuade tobacco dealers and growers that it is to their interest to fight prohibition.

“In fact, outside the liquor business there is not a single industry, line: of trade or business the interests of which would be adversely affected by prohibi- tion. The cooper will not make whiskey barrels or beer barrels, but the demand for flour barrels will be much greater. The manufacturer of saloon bars will find his market, gone, but will find a bigger market for home furniture opened. The man who builds buildings for liquor selling and liquor making will build factories and homes. The man who makes beer and whiskey bottles will make milk bottles.

“All this is determined by the simple rule that the people are going to buy the things me) want, the necessities, com- forts and luxuries of life and that their buying will be enormously increased when the liquor traffic stops robbing them.

“When a brewery in West Virginia was closed it was converted into a packing house which immediately gave employ- ment to ten times as many men as the brewery had ever done.”

A MORAL QUESTION

Single Tax really is not a question of taxation at all; it is one of morals. The fiscal feature of the movement is simply incidental, just a means to an end. The chief and real purpose is to restore the natural order; Single Tax, realized, means the fatherhood of God and the brother- hood of man.—Mrs. Mary [els.

JAPAN’S POLITICAL SCANDAL

Nineteen members of the Lower House of the Japanese Diet and Mr. Hayashida, Chief Secretary, have been committed for public trial in connection with alleged election briberies, announces a Reuter message from Tokyo. .

BAD WEATHER REPORTED

Winnipeg, Nov. 8A heavy storm of snow and sleet. seems to be general thruout the West. No regular weather reports are as yet to hand owing to the wires being down and the telephone system disorganized. This storm, if as general as supposed, will put a stop to threshing operations for a con- siderable time, perhaps entirely suspend them. Bad weather had little appreciable effect upon the market this morning, its bullish effect being more than counterbalanced by a lack of buying orders from exporters,

BELGIAN RELIEF FUND

Previously acknowledged .............. £6188 .78 Miss A. A, Elford, Briarlea, Sask....... 4.00 Total asec ei ee Bais 6192.78

Che Grain Growers’ Guide

Hlinnipeg, Tednesday, November 10th, 1915

ACTUAL CROP FIGURES

During the present grain season The Guide has published three reports compiled entirely from data supplied from the secretaries of the local Associations thruout the three provinces. The secretaries in every case were urged to.be as accurate as possible and when estimating the crop yield to be conservative rather than otherwise. On August 14 the local secretaries sent in the data from which an estimate of the crop yield was prepared and published in The Guide on August 25, giving the figures at the time as follows ;—

Wheaten. 7 Rees 212,294,790 bushels

Oats ss, bade eanyare anne tae 256,751,760 bushels Batley. ou. edi wkeecca ts 51,964,440 bushels PI ax yaad: scale ace Gisela he 6,545,370 bushels

It must be remembered that on August 14, when these reports were made out by the local secretaries, it was purely an estimate as in a great many cases cutting had not even commenced and harvesting was not general anywhere. As soon as threshing began and actual yields were known it became evident that the crop was very much larger than had even been suspected by the farmers themselves. Various estimates have been made running up to 306,000,000 bushels, which was the latest estimate of the Dominion government. On the Winnipeg Grain Exchange it is the com- mon expectation of the members that the total yield will be close on 350,000,000 bushels and despite these expectations the prices have maintained a high level. In order to get as near the fact as possible the local secretaries were asked to send in to The Guide on October 30 an estimate of the average yield per acre in their district as shown by the actual thresh- ing returns. Four hundred reports have been received from local secretaries in all three provinces being generally well distributed over the chief grain producing areas. These figures have been tabulated very carefully aud the result is astounding. There is no reason to believe that any of the secretaries would over estimate the average yield in their district knowing that the report would be published. We are giving herewith the estimate of the yield of the different grains by provinces. The acreage figures are taken from the reports of the various provincial departments of agri- culture and the average yields are taken from ‘the reports submitted by the four hundred

Secretaries. The results are as follows:—

Wheaties ccc wie satan 341,589,635 bushels Oats? os eee 330,157,002 bushels Barley... oct (Te 62,714,095 bushels Plax co oe ae Be So eee 7,702,423 bushels

These figures of the wheat crop are more than 50 per cent. greater than our previous figures prepared on August 14 and there is a considerable increase in all the other grains. An analysis of our figures supplied by the four hundred secretaries is shown herewith -—

WHEAT Average Estimated Acreage per acre yie’ Albertac ec saw cans 1,245,000 31% 39,217,500 Manitoba .......... 3,664,281 28% 104,432,008 Saskatchewan ...... 6,884,874 2834 197,940,127 Total. tran 11,794,155 341,589,635 OATS Alberta sts Wisse 1,450,000 55 79,750,000 Manitoba .......... 2,121,845 4934 104,500,866 Saskatchewan ...... 2,846,949 51% 145,906,136 Totals vy ais 6,418,794 330,157,002 BARLEY Alberta eon Sirenn 420,000 3814 16,170,000 Manitoba .......... 1,039,849 351-3 36,741,331 Saskatchewan ...... 272,299 36 9,802,764 Total eye) 43782)148 62,714,095

FLAX ALBEE bai ie ee es 50,000 13% 675,000 Manitoba ... 64,863 8% 551,335 Saskatchewan ...... 539,674 12 6,476,088 Total ....0.0. 654,587 7,702,423 WHEAT, OATS, BARLEY AND FLAX Alberta ices 3,165,000 135,812,500 Manitoba .......,.. 6,890,838 246,225,540 Saskatchewan ...... 10,543,796 360,125,115 Grand Total... .20,599,634 742,163,155

The Grain Growers’ Guide has never been accused of boosting the crop yield, but in putting out our crop reports and estimates it has been our aim to be as accurate as pos- sible. We have explained how these figures are arrived at and that the data has been supplied by the local secretaries and for that reason we consider that they should be fairly accurate. It is quite evident that this year’s crop surpasses anything in the history of the country and that the financial returns to the country will be greater per acre than in any previous year. It is probable, however, that there will be considerable wheat not threshed this winter which will reduce the available supply.

A recent cable from George Broomhall, of Liverpool, editor of the Corn Trade News, who is regarded as the world’s leading crop authority, says that the wheat crop of the Balkan States and of Russia is now considered hopeless on account of the war situation and the fact that the Dardanelles will not be opened at any time in the near future. Mr. Broomhall estimates that this will reduce the world’s available surplus by 240,000,000 bushels and that the chief supply for the next few months must come from the United States and Canada. This should make the demand fairly keen and maintain prices at a good level.

GREECE AND THE WAR

The eyes of the world during the last few weeks have been turned upon the Balkan States. When Bulgaria entered the war as an ally of Germany and attacked Serbia it was expected that Greece, both for its own pro- tection and because of treaty obligations, would come to the rescue of the Serbians. Its failure to do so left Serbia at the mercy of superior forces, Germany and Austria fighting them in the north and west and Bulgaria on the east, and tho British and French troops were quickly rushed to their defence, it is still doubtful if the Serbians, with all their magnifi- cent courage, will be able to keep their country out of the hands of the enemy. Greece has permitted the landing of British and French troops at her port of Salonika and their trans- portation thru her territory to Serbia, and it is evident that the Greek people are anxious to fight on the side of the Allies. King Cons- tantine and the military leaders, however, are pro-German. The Queen of Greece is a sister of the Kaiser, and most of the Greek officers are graduates of German military academies. Whether or not a king and his court can in these days impose their will upon a nation remains to be seen. M. Venizelos, the biggest man in Greece, and in the judgment of A. G. Gardiner, ‘‘the greatest statesman in Europe today,” is the leader of a large majority of the people in a demand that Greece enter the war on the side of the Allies. From Mr. Gardiner’s book, ‘“‘The War Lords,’”’ we learn that Venizelos is a Cretan of Athenian origin. He was a leader of his people in the liberation of Crete from Turkish rule and became President of the new Cretan National Assembly. When Prince George, brother of the present King of Greece, went to Crete as High Commis- sioner and attempted to rule the island despotically, Venizelos resigned office, put on

his military uniform and headed an insurrec- tion which drove the Prince out of the island. This was in 1905 and four years later when Greece was in trouble the democracy of Greece appealed to the man who had saved Crete to come and be its saviour also. He was Premier of Greece until last spring when the King assisted his enemies to overthrow him. An election replaced him in power and a few weeks ago King Constantine dismissed him from office because he would have fulfilled the treaty obligations of his country by going to the assistance of Serbia against Bulgaria. Last week Venizelos and his supporters defeated in parliament the ministers chosen by the King and at the time of writing the political battle is still in progress. The Greek army has been mobilized since the commencement of the war. If it is thrown into the scale on the side of the Allies the war will be shortened and victory will be more sure. Will Mr. Gardiner’s estimate of Venizelos’ greatness stand the test of this supreme crisis?

ROGERS FOR FREE WHEAT

Information is at hand that the customs authorities in Washington would consider a Canadian order in council placing wheat and wheat products on the free list as a complete and satisfactory acceptance of the United States standing offer of free. trade in wheat and wheat products. In the current issue of the Northwestern Miller, the foremost grain and milling authority on the continent, the Washington correspondent, Arthur J. Dodge, analyses the free wheat situation from the

standpoint of the United States government.

Mr. Dodge is regarded as exceptionally well informed in governmental circles in Washing- ton and his opinion is that if Canada places wheat and wheat products on the free list by any method whatever the United States market would be immediately opened to wheat and wheat products from Canada free of duty. It is now well known that the Dominion government has full power under the Customs Act to place wheat and wheat products on the free list and also has the same power under special legislation passed for war purposes. Our government also knows that such action would open the southern market. Therefore there,is no reason why the United States market. should not be opened immediately to Canadian wheat and give our farmers the full benefit of the better prices that are being paid in that market. Information from Ottawa is to the effect that Hon. Robert Rogers is urging upon his colleagues that the United States offer of free wheat should be accepted immediately for the benefit of the Western farmers. Mr. Rogers came West last week for a tour thruout the country.. No doubt his chief purpose is to discover how strong is the sentiment for free wheat. If Mr. Rogers can have wheat and wheat products put on the free list by order in council, and thus open the United States market immediately, he will have a mighty strong claim on the gratitude of the Western farmers. It is reported that the strongest opponent of free wheat, in the Ottawa cabinet is Hon. W. T. White, minister of finance, who is regarded as the chief representative of the privileged interests of the East. It is also stated that the railway interests are secretly opposing free wheat to the very utmost of their ability. The publication of the huge profits of the big milling companies has rather upset the argu- ments of Mr. White and those of his colleagues who have been preaching the need of pro- tection for these interests. In fact it is now stated that the milling interests, or at least some of them, are sorry they exposed the enormous profits on the past year’s operations. Another very important consideration is the

6 (1492)

possibility that the United States Congress may withdraw the free wheat offer if it is not accepted by Canada very shortly. The Can- adian government will have to shoulder a very serious responsibility if they permit this splendid opportunity to slip by. It is al- together improbable that once the free wheat offer were accepted that it would ever be withdrawn.

According to press dispatches the engineers and firemen on the C.P.R. are protesting to Premier Borden against free wheat. Their argument is that it will not give any increase in the price to the grain growers, but will divert the grain trade of this country to Minneapolis. This is a most extraordinary argument. No sane person will claim that anything short of better prices will divert our grain to the south, provided the southern market were opened. And further, it must be apparent to everyone that the opening of the southern market would be immediately fol- lowed by a leveling up of prices. What good reason is there why the bulk of our grain should go south, equally good prices being available in Canada? Our transportation facilities are claimed to be superior to those which supply the Minneapolis market. Our financial. equip- ment for handling the crop is quite adequate to the requirements, Our storage facilities are commonly considered to be superior to those of the States, and our Grain Exchange as a marketing organization is certainly not surpassed by anything south of the line. Our milling facilities are not centralized as those of Minneapolis, but the capacity of Canadian mills is greater and Canadian mills are quite as efficient and the quality of flour is quite as high. Canadian flour would find a big market in the Republic. These"facts indicate beyond

+ SS

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

dispute that no Canadian interest will suffer from the opening of the southern” market.

The difference will be that our millers will:

have to pay the farmers a higher price for their wheat, which they can well afford to do. The arguments advanced by the anti-free wheat interests that our Canadian wheat will lose its identity by going south is one of the very best arguments why the trade will not be diverted to Minneapolis. Liverpool is the big market for our export wheat and Canadian hard wheat has a high reputation on that mar- ket. This very fact will ensure Canadian hard wheat going straight thru to Liverpool under Canadian inspection certificates. »The difference in price between Minneapolis*and Winnipeg has been steadily narrowing,” but considering the difference in grades and the higher prices paid for low grade wheat there is still a considerable margin of advantage in the Minneapolis market. Year in and year out the opening of the southern market would give our grain growers several cents a bushel on their wheat and they are entitled to it. By every principle of justice the farmers who produce the wheat should have the first con- sideration and should be given every possible advantage in marketing. It is quite evident, however, that the Dominion government is listening to the other interests more carefully than to the farmers. As we have pointed out before, there is only one way by which the farmers in the West will ever get a square deal, and that is by making it absolutely certain that no candidate, Grit, Tory or otherwise, can be elected in this country henceforth who is opposed to the interests of the farmers. There are now sufficient seats in the prairie provinces to give the Western farmers a big voice’ at Ottawa and if they take advantage

CAN'T YOU GIVE ME MORE ORDERS .JOHN

iT costs fl To MACHINE THESE SHELLS AND |wWithK GLADLY DO

z z z 5 Z A

= SSS

Ss <—S SS

THE NEW SHELL GAME

GUIDE

November 10, 1915

of it and elect men who will really represent them and will not be dominated by party leaders in the East they will force square deal legislation.

It is stated that in Toronto the word “tariff” has secured a new pronunciation and is now pronounced ‘“‘tear-off.”” We feel that this change of pronunciation is very appropri- ate because from the Toronto viewpoint the only advantage of the tariff is that it “tears off” a good slice of the Western farmers’ earnings and transfers them to the protected interests in the East.

In the death of Sir Charles Tupper last week Canada loses the only remaining member of the Fathers of Confederation. The men who laid the ground work of the Dominion of Canada had a great vision. In those days Canada had more statesmen and: fewer politicians than at present. Sir Charles Tupper’s name will always be remembered in Canada for his great work in giving free schools to Nova Scotia and for his big part in the development of Confederation. Few men have left so prominent a name in Canadian history.

War contract fratids on a large scale have been uncovered by Commissioner Sir Charles Davidson at Regina, forged shipping bills for imaginary carloads of hay figuring in the evidence. ‘Jail for the thieves” is the public demand.

The Guide strongly advocates a law com- pelling every journal to show in its pages regularly the names of the men who own and direct it. This would bring to light a large number of fake. patriotsiand hidden assassins.

(we SEEN THE SAELL GAME

D, A. Thomas, M.P., who recently visited Canada as a representative of David Lloyd George, the British Minister of Munitions, is responsible for the statement that the reason why more orders for munitions of war have not been placed in Canada, is that Canadian manufacturers have demanded higher prices and have

made slower deliveries than manufacturersin other countries.

Orders were placed by the Dominion Shell Committee, 'some of whose members received contracts,

and the Ottawa Citizen states that this committee made the British Treasury pay $5.15 for machining work on each shell, when it could have

been done profitably at $1.00 per shell.

November 10, 1915

THE GRAIN

GROWERS’

GUIDE

(1493) 7

eaching Father to Farm

W hat Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs are doing to revive interest in the Farms of Manitoba By S. T. Newton

Director Extension Service Section, Manitoba Agricultural College

“Daddy! Come and look over here. I’ve won ‘a prize!’ shouted a highly delighted and enthusiastic little eight year old boy at one of the Boys’ and Girls’ Club Fairs recently.

“Wait a minute, son, while I have a look at these hogs.”

“Oh no, come on over and see my prize’. and nothing would quiet the excited youngster until he, with beaming face, had tugged and pulled his parent thru the crowd to see his prize box of potatoes. Sure enough there was a prize card in his box and it didn’t make the slightest difference to him that it hap- pened to be the sixteenth one. All that mattered was that he had won. Probably it was the first prize he had ever gained and the encouragement which a far sighted policy of spreading out the prizes in these children’s contests had given this youngster may well be the starting point from which a completely successful farmer will develop. The above just illustrates one of the many hopeful incidents which are constantly met with by those who are connected with Boys’ and Girls’ Farm Club work in Manitoba.

Boys and girls like to do things; things that are worth while; that mean some- thing. A boy likes to do a man’s job, and a girl is happy when doing things like grown-up people, and there are many of the grown-up duties of ‘life that the boys and girls can do and enjoy doing.

During the past summer 5,500 boys and girls in rural Manitoba were engaged in raising chickens, potatoes and corn. They canned peas and beans and tomatoes and made poultry crates, farm’ gates, work benches and bird houses, and in so doing caught a new idea in agriculture and rural life. They have experienced the pleasure of having something that was their “very own,” created as a result of their own effort and care and persever- ance and as a result have a greater interest in and respect for the business of farming.

Everybody Helps

Possibly no other movement has had the active support of so many interests. The club leader or organizer seems always to have been big enough to welcome the assistance and suggestion of all organized influences in the district. Municipal councils, school boards and _ private individuals have generously contributed to the prize list, and as a result prizes were offered which were well worth striving for, but apart from the prizes the children found pleasure and happiness in the work itself, for had not their teacher and parents impressed on them the fact that their failure or success depended on their own efforts and that a failure was the last thing that was looked for?

During the past twenty-five years numerous plans have been devised for promoting vocational work in the rural districts, but none has proved nearly as practical as Boys’ and Girls’ Club con- tests. The first clubs were organized less than six years ago and already there are

White Wyandottes ralsed by a club member from eggs supplied by the Department of Agriculture

over two million members in the United States and several thousand in Canada. The first clubs in Manitoba were organized three years ago with a membership of 728, last year there were 1,847, and during the present year 5,500 boys and girls took part in the various contests. °

Plan of Organization |

The plan of organization takes the town as the community centre and in- cludes the surrounding. schools within a radius of eight or ten miles. The public

schools offer the best medium for boys’ and girls’ work, but every other organiza- tion and interest in the community has been found supporting the movement and from each have

representatives been

seed purchased from Seager Wheeler (part of the famous world’s prize winning stock) to sow half an acre. The first crop has been harvested and threshed, and from reports received the average yield from the half acre was between J8 and 20 bushels. So successful have these boys been, and so deep has been their interest, that fifty boys will be chosen from this year’s winners for quarter acre demonstra- tion plots next year.

Careful directions are being prepared by the field husbandry department of the college as to methods to follow in culti- vating, selecting and harvesting the plots, and arrangements are being made for inspecting them two or three times during the year when personal directions will

Fach Déy Camperand district Boy's & Girls’ Clubs. Sept FOth/GIS.

Boys and girls who are raising the standard of agriculture In the West

willing to act on the central advisory committee in directing the energies of the boys and girls.

Owing to the fact that up to the present neither the public nor the high school program has offered the teacher much opportunity to become familiar even with the most elementary phases of farm life, the extension service section of the college has felt that it could render the most assistance by outlining the best practices to follow in carrying out any of the lines of work undertaken. Advantage has been taken of the natural inclination of in- dividuals to collect in groups or clubs under the leadership of the strongest personality in the community and farm boys’ and girls’ clubs have been organized.

A number of the most representative farm operations have been chosen and arranged in contests as a means of arous- ing interest and insisting on directions being carefully followed. In the city expensive buildings, tools and machines are needed, but in the country the tools and machinery are the land and the things grown on the land, and this year the department of agriculture supplied the following material. free to each member of the Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs :— One dozen pure bred eggs, ten pounds Harly Carman potatoes, one- third pound each of corn and ‘beans, one-third of each of three varieties of fodder corn and sets of plans for a farm mechan- ics’ contest. $

Pure Seed Grown

This year a new line was tried out ona small seale which bids fair to be one of the leading

. lines of work for the older members. Seven of the most progressive boys in last. year’s clubs were chosen as a nucleus of a Junior Manitoba Seed Growers’; Association. Each boy was supplied with sufficient registered

be given. As soon as these’ boys have demonstrated their ability to produce pure bred seed they will be accepted as members of the Canadian Seed Growers’ Association. ‘The men today who are active in the work of the C.S.G.A. are for the most part boys who took part in a seed growing contest inaugurated by Professor Robertson fifteen years ago. These boys are expected to be leaders in their district in the production of pure seed as well as in other things that make for the development of the community. Club work develops initiative. When a member is thrown on his own resources and achieves success he begins to realize his own capabilities. His efficiency is increased in those daily affairs that im- prove conditions in the home and on the farm. ;

Many Prizes Given

Local municipal councils, school boards and many citizens have contributed liberally toward making an_ attractive prize list for the Boys’ and Girls’ Fair, and the department of agriculture gives a grant of 50 per cent. of the amount of money actually paid out injprizes in*the agricultural sections of the fair, which usually repre- sents one-half of the ex- hibits, the remainder being the regular school. work. During the past few weeks over sixty school fairs were held, ranging in im- portance from three ad- joining rural schools com- pining for afair and sports day to a whole inspector- ate where thirty-five ‘or forty schools took part and hundreds of exhibits were in evidence. At some of the larger fairs as many as 400 chickens were exhibited, and there were very few of the. chil- dren who were engaged in this contest but could identify each of the five breeds of poultry used in the contest and explain the advantage in raising

any particular breed. At practically every fair the potatoes exhibited were reported to be considerably better than those grown generally in the neighborhood, thus proy- ing the benefit of extra cultivation.

In the fodder corn growing contest. it ‘was hoped to interest the farmers thru the boys in the benefit of including fodder corn in their system of crop rotation. Unfortunately the early frosts and the particularly wet June made corn a failure all over the continent, and the boys and girls received one set back in their work, but generally they were optimistic enough to be eager to try corn again next year.

The farm mechanics’ contest was introduced with the idea of giving the boys training and experience in using carpenters’ tools, as every farmer must be able to make his own repairs. Instead of taking the ordinary manual training model made in a city school and carving it, projects intimately related to farm life and bringing into operation the tools which a farmer would actually use were chosen, such as poultry fattening crates, chicken

-*eoops, work benches, farm gates, hog

cots, milking stools, etc., and in the majority of cases very creditable work was done. So encouraging was the work done in this contest that a bulletin will be prepared on this subject, giving in detail the steps to be followed so that the boys can get most of their instruction from the bulletin.

Introducing Business Methods

In the pig raising contests the agri- cultural societies have in some cases loaned the boys money with which to buy pigs, this money being paid back when the pigs were disposed of in the fall. Next year it is planned to make this phase of the work still more business like by having the boy borrow money from the bank in the spring, giving his note payable, say November 30. It has been found that wherever this plan has been tried the , boys have met their notes promptly and in many cases it has led to them opening a bank account of their own.

Most of the girls took part in the poultry and potato contests, but special contests in bread baking, sewing and in canning and preserving were arranged especially for the girls, and the work done would have been a’ credit to girls much older than those taking* part in the contests. —

The canning and preserving contest was arranged as much. with the idea of leading the producers in Manitoba to see the benefit, of canning many things which they now grow on the farm and permit to go to waste, more on account of lack of thought than lack of knowledge. In the winter these same kind of products are bought, altho they have really been grown and put up under much less favorable conditions.

From returns already received a con- servative estimate of the number of prizes won in the province is as follows:— Poultry, $450; corn, $110; farm mechanics,

Continued on Page 22

A Stonewall club exhibit. Very creditable work was done in the farm mechanics contest,

8 (1494)

“What I'm about to tell you, Mr. Jeffreys, is going to surprise you more than a little—in fact, sir, it’s going to astound you. To be brief, I'm going to put you wise to the biggest news- paper sensation this town has ever seen and all I ask in return is that you'll not try to remember the man who gave you the tip—meaning me, you understand. I don’t suppose you re- member me, anyway; my name's Win- ters—Asa Winters, and I once worked for John Robertson, of the Robertson Loan Company—not here, tho, and where is no matter. I can’t tell you, either, how I come to know the facts I’m about to put you next to; but that they are facts you can easily corrobor- ate by going to Detective Allison.

“And now to get to those facts. To- morrow morning the Robertson Loan and Savings Company’s doors will be closed to the public. The company is on the rocks—ruined completely. President Robertson has been bleeding the concern for ten years and it has just recently been discovered that his pilferings have reached the comfort- able sum of $536,000.00. President Robertson has been missing since last Thursday; to cover up this, it was given out that he was away on a fishing trip. His body was recovered from the river only last night and it is now at the morgue Wy

“Good God!’ gasped Jeffreys, spas- modically clutching the other’s knee.

‘It’s true, sir, every word! When you leave here, go straight to Detective Allison and he’ll verify everything I’m telling you. You are better able to ap- preciate the value of this from a news- paper standpoint than I am, who know nothing about the business, and if you'll go and see Allison, he'll give you details.

“Ror reasons that you can no doubt understand, the directors and the po- lice have been keeping the thing dark; but tomorrow morning the cat will be out of the bag and the company intend to issue a public announcement. I’m giving this tip to you personally, Mr. Jeffreys, because I’ve been told you are not only a competent newspaper man, but the oldest newspaper man in this burg. Not another paper in the country has a line on this so far as I know, and I want you to handle it personally; in that you can oblige me and that is all I ask. Go and see Alli- son. And now, good-bye sir, and good luck to you.”

The man was gone before the dumb- founded Jeffreys could extricate his voice from the tangle of his surprise. For fully five minutes he sat there, trembling in speechless wonder. Then he got quickly to his feet and set out at a shuffling run for the police station.

Copley dropped the paste-brush back into the pot in front of him, snipped off a piece of telegraph with his scis- sors and scribbled a head; doubling up the ‘copy’? he jammed it on the hook and uneasily pushed his eye-shade back into his hair. Presently he got up, crossed to the sporting editor’s desk and leaned over anxiously.

“S’pose, Mac, you’ve noticed Jeff hasn’t turned up yet? Wonder if any- thing’s wrong-——first time this has hap- pened in ages. Call up the house, will you?”

Teddy Brae, the cub, bustled into the city room with customary noise.

“I say, Mitch, have you seen ‘“Cher- ry” tonight? Got a peach of a jag on ——Gee! he’s orieyed! Worst yet!”

“What's that?’’ Copley’s sharp ears had caught a little of what was not in- tended to reach them at all. ‘‘What’s that. about. Rutherford?”

“T just saw him down the street, sir,”’ began Brae, with a scared face.

“Drunk?”

“Well, he—” “Was he drunk?” “Yes sir, he—"’

“Hell {’"

Copley flung down his pencil, went into the managing editor’s office and shut the door,

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

Cherry

BY HOPKINS MOORHOUSE : Concluded from Last Week

“Mrs, Jeffreys says Jeff left as usual three hours ago for the office,” re- ported McGregor when Copley came out a moment later. The anger in the night editor’s face altered swiftly.

“Mitchell, just chase over to the police station will you and see if any accidents have been reported.”’

The clump of Mitchell’s boots had no more than died out on the stairs than a greater noise of stumbling feet came on the ascent and Mitchell burst in again. Behind him and prodding him excitedly in the back was old Jeff him- self.

The latter ran straight over to CGop- ley's desk and clutched the editor’s arm while his. voice shook as he poured out the tale of his great find. Copley stared. He did not wait to play with his surprise; he did not wait for Jeff to finish,-but slapped him on the back.

“Good for you, Tom! Sit right down and wade in!” he cried and hurried again into the chief’s office. The man- aging editor responded as if a fire-alarm had been rung in on him. He came out, eyes snapping, sharply quizzing.

“Good! Good! Sling it hard—- Fine business!’’ He rubbed his hands together, and the chief did that only when he was very pleased indeed. ‘‘Here, better come into the exchange room where you won't be disturbed. Fine business, sir! Fine business!’’

They swept the papefs off the desk. They got him the best typewriter in the place; they got Mitchell, the fastest man on the staff, to pound it for him. Copley was already out in the compos- ing room going over the formes with the foreman and clearing space; every man on the machines keyed himself

Caen 4h

Lips

L SHEET,

Exrensioct werworn OF BARBED WIRE WITH POSTS Srt Sin ion SCREMED INTO TH} j

PULL: Ric FOR DATENDING

Yee 4

a M7

Much has been written as to the solld and elabcrate construction of German entrenchments. _ drawings show two types of German underground shelters, one reached by a fii sloping gallery, the other (and less common) kind b

are . much as 25 to 30 feet_heneath the surface. outside the trench parapet.

Write it, Jeffreys!»

Why German Trenches are Hard “To Take”

qY Zan LEAF SHAPED STEEL sHerr Qn IRON POSTS FOR NET~ / ee) - WORK oF 2" LINE —~ f Fo ff “f= _——~ perences. ii

for a race against time. And tingling with the excitement of the whole thing, eyes bright, head clear, old Jeff plunged into dictation.

Nervously energetic as he was, the staff had never known the chief to show the excitement he did that night. It was past his usual time for leaving the office; but he gave no hint of leaving. He kept bobbing in and out of the ex- change room every little while to see how things were progressing. iHe leaned over Mitchell’s shoulder and read a few pages as they rolled steadily upward out of the machine. If he was a little anxious at first as to how the old man was handling his stuff, his misgiviigs were soon dispelled; for Jeff was in his old form that night. The managing editor chuckled as he went out and closed the door.

Every little while, the ink-bedaubed “devil” ran in with a shrill yell for “Copy!” The assistant foreman worked like a demon, throwing in leads here, picking them out there, revising whole pages and rushing them away to the stereotypers. .The galley-boy buckled in and pulled more proofs in faster time than he had ever been known to do before. So the record breaking night wore away until the thing was finished.

The stereotypers were chiselling like mad at the second last plate and the hour was about three in the morning when ‘‘Cherry" staggered into the of- fice. His clothes were covered with dust where he had tumbled, coming up the stairs. He stood for a moment at the door of the city room, blinking in the glare of the electric lights. No- body seemed to be cognizant of the important fact that he was present; Copley did not even look up. “Cherry”

GERMAN LOOK-OVT VSING COVERED RECESS IN PARAPET Frise’ 3": “Ss

Vat adetdn 4

My ge ’ ; : ee ye ea Oye EACH MADE OFA ft 7 | SINGLE CUT-OUT 77) r 1 Nel oe

PIECE OF IRON, THE POINTS $0 BENT THAT ONE ALWAYS STANDS VERTICALLY .

A). Woones FRAME FOR as! «= HALF GALLERY,

TyPe oF GERMAN DVG: OUT OF THE 187 Ling,

es STAIR“OHAPED HALF GALLERY 4 Sih eps a ante ‘

‘ i ‘ in, SeconD TYPE oF GERMAN DUGOUT (LE&S YSVAL) ACCESS THROUGH HALF GALLERY 1M THE SHAPE ‘OF A WELL,

These ht of steps, down a

Ka ladder down a vertical shaft. These dug-outs

ot less striking are the various accessory defences

These obstacles include ‘‘chevaux-de-frise,’’ furnished with barbed wire or

sheets of Iron cut into a kind of leaf-shaped pattern resembling the edges of a giant saw. Wire-cutters

are practically useless against this. joints so bent that, whichever w: he Germans also uso extensible

Then there are the caltrons—four-sided sh

ets of Iron with the

they fall when thrown on the ground, one point sticks up vertically. arbed wire and steel shlelds for Individual soldiers, with a loop-hole

for rifle fire which has a movable lid. When no action is going on, the Germans leave only look-out men in the trench.—London Illustrated News.

November 10, 1915

grinned as he lurched across to the desk.

“G’ ni’, Mizzer C——-Copley,”’ he blurt- ed out good naturedly.

‘‘Mr. Manson would like to see you, Rutherford.’’ Copley jerked his thumb over his shoulder towards the manag- ing editor's room and bent again to his proofs. ,

“Couldn’ fin’ a blame thing—pipe- dream, thash wha’—whole darn thing jussa—pipe-dream !"

“That'll do, Rutherford. Manson would talk to you.”

“Mizzer Mazzon? Oh, awri’. No needag’mad, ole cock, ole chap! I zh’ll goan zee Mizzer Mazzon thish ver’ minute.” He tightened his lips in a strenuous. effort to walk with dignity out into the corridor and rapped loudly on the managing editor’s door. The rapping seemed to sober him somewhat.

“Nuthin’ doin’, Mr. Manson,” he be- gan. “The ru—rumor, zir, was w’out any jussifica- — jussification, zir.” “Cherry” tittered vaguely as he noted the managing editor’s frown; it seemed to amuse him.

“You're a disgrace to this office, Rutherford!’ The chief was ‘plainly disgusted and meant what he said. ‘‘To a man in your present condition, sir, the best story on earth wouldn't bal- ance .a glass of whisky. Thank God! when young scapegraces like you fall down, we still have the old fellows to hold things up! This morning’s paper, Mr. Rutherford, will explain my mean- ing more fully. I am very much dis- appointed in you.”

“Thashawri’,"". mumbled staring vacantly.

“I’m sorry that a man of your ability, Rutherford, should choose to act as you have been acting lately. I’m sorry to say, sir, that the Recorder can no longer make use of your services.”

“Cherry’’ grinned sheepishly.

“Oh, thashawri’, awri',’’ he mumbled again. ‘Do’ mezhenit! Thashawri’.” He staggered out and softly closed the door behind him. Then he quietly made his way down the stairs—very quietly indeed for a man so deeply un- der the influence of liquor.

Out in the alleyway the fresh night air seemed to revive him to a remark- able degree. He paused for a moment to look up at the lighted windows of the office and he was still standing there when a noisy chorus broke out; the boys were evidently showering con- gratulations on old Jeff and winding up with, ‘For he’s a jolly good fellow!”

“Poor old devil!’’ murmured ‘‘Cher- ry,” “It’s the night of his life."

From the pressroom came the sud- den rumble of machinery. An express wagon was drawn up at the curb out on ‘the street, waiting for the mail- bags and an early newsboy ran past him up the alley.

“Cherry’s” chubby cheeks wrinkled in a smile as he pulled out his watch. He had just fifteen minutes to catch his train, and he could buy a paper at the depot.

I said Mr.

“Cherry,”

TAXATION OF LAND VALUES

(By L. D. Taylor, Mayor of Vancouver)

The City of Vancouver, like many in- dividuals, has had to curtail its expendi- tures in every direction, but notwith- standing this, when the council brought down the estimate for the current. year, and struck the tax rate, the resolution to exempt improvements carried for the sixth time without a dissenting vote. This fact should be sufficient to counter- act. any reports that Vancouver has suffered because of the Single Tax method. Every municipality except two in British Columbia exempts improvements; the British Columbia government does the same and imposes a wild land tax. The last legislature passed a measure which comes into effect within five years, to raise all revenues of the province from land and natural resources, and retains only one other tax, that on incomes, which are exempt up to $1,500.

November 10, 1915

THE SASKATCHEWAN COMPANY

Editor, Guide:—As the annual meeting of the shareholders of the Saskatchewan Co-operative Elevator Co. is approaching, it may be advantageous to note a few things in connection with our company.

Having attended many conventions,

the writer has found that much time is”

wasted by delegates in talking, which a little more quiet thinking would obviate. Of course quakerism is not. advocated, but it is a waste of time to jump up to ask a question hurriedly which a little quiet reflection would answer. But the greatest waste of time is caused by those delegates who persist in drawing attention to them- selves and they generally succeed in attracting attention, but not to their best. qualities.

The program is usually arranged by some of the officials, but the delegates convened as the paramount power can change the procedure if they wish. Some- times much valuable. time is spent on rather unimportant matters, and ‘more important ones are hurriedly considered later. It would be well if the program could be arranged so that the delegates could obtain all reports and information which are forthcoming on all matters, and ample time to consider same, before they would be called upon to decide on those matters.

The writer hopes that the next con- vention will introduce some more of the brotherhood or Christian spirit into the workings of our company instead of the cold commercialism that has so far been too prominent. Our management seem to follow too much the old, cruel, grinding- the-weak business method instead of that of equity. To be successful any institu- tion must be based on the principle that each one gets as he does. According to ' that rule each shareholder should receive

from the profit of our company according

to what fis did to make it. Instead of that the shares only draw all the profit with us, while in equity the amount of grain or business brought to the elevator should draw as well. If half the dividend was given on the business supplied what an incentive it would be to bring grain to our elevators. Each local again should stand on its own feet, which would be a great incentive to it. But along with that

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

The Mail Bag

publish all letters received, but an effort will views. Short letters will be given preference.

AN OPEN FORUM

This page is maintained to allow free discussion of all questions vital to western farmers. Up to the limit of space ietters will be published giving both sides of all such questions. be made to select those most fairly representing different

All letters must be accompanied by name and address of writer, tho not necessarily for publication. Unused letters will be returned if accompanied by postage,

It is not possible to

it should have more self-government. At present the local board is a nonentity and the central is all in all.

When we apply the same principle of getting according to the doing, to the voting again we find that our company is very much astray. Whether a man has one share or ten shares he has but one vote. Is that right? Emphatically not, notwithstanding that the method is popular with some of our shareholders. The popularity of the sentiment ‘one man one vote’ does not make it right. In all human affairs intelligence and virtue should govern. Being so, it would be easy to find one man who should get five or ten votes to the other fellow’s one. But even admitting men to be equal in the state—which is a tremendous concession to the ignoramus—would that make them equal everywhere? Is it right for any man to go over the fence to manage the property of his neighbor? Every man would resent the arrogance, yet that is just what the one share man does when he votes to control nine shares which belong to the ten share man. ;

I hope that our next convention will investigate the treatment our grain buyers receive. I find that the buyers of the line elevators are very unfairly treated and suspect that our company is inclined to imitate them. Since we desire equity ourselves let us give the same to them. Let us ask justice of them and not overage. Hold them responsible for their negligence, but not for all the leakages. between here and Port Arthur. Also it should be arranged that these men should be doing something—work with farmers, say—during the summer, if they want to draw their pay. The present custom of keeping them in idle- ness is very uneconomical beside being injurious to their habits.

Now, I merely touched the aboye matters, and that in a friendly spirit, because I have the best possible wishes for our company, being as I am rightly

to be considered: one of its fathers. The late Mr. Green, Mr. Langley and Dr. McGill conceived the idea, but being a student of sociology I had been convinced of the same thing years before then and that was why I moved the resolution to adopt the plan, while many of our leaders at the time were either bitterly against, or in a blissful paradise of indifference. But tho our company is a great success, at least financially, which is not surprising, being based, as it is, on the lucrative grain business, yet it is not quite up to the ideal. In past conventions when some of us would ask for more of the real co-operative method our management would object on the ground that it would entail too much bookkeeping; but that is not a valid reason. The writer was one of the first shareholders of a great co- operative company which was and _ is still buying and selling grain along with everything else, and divides half the profit on the business and the other half on the shares, and that without any laborious system of bookkeeping.

LEWIS GABRIEL. Bangor, Sask.

BOTH PARTIES HAVE FAILED

In a recent letter written by Hon. Geo. Langley in an exchange, he concludes by a review of agricultural conditions which is interesting to all farmers:

“T venture to add, in conclusion, just a thought on the present condition of agriculture in our agricultural province. We have this year, for which we are all thankful to Providence, the best crop that has ever been harvested in Sas- katchewan, but there is danger that it may close our eyes and our minds to actual conditions. A very large portion of the proceeds of the present crop will have to be spent in defraying debts which have accumulated in previous ears, and in very, very many cases,

ountiful as the crop is, it will not be equal to discharging those accumulations.

(1495) 9

Unless the future is going to be entirely different from our experience of the past, a portion of it may be needed in the very next year. I know I shall be accused of pessimism in stating this, but the only possibility we have of judging the future is by the experience of the past, and after the experience of the past three or four years it will be a misfortune if we allow the present year’s abundance to close our eyes to the conditions that operate, not under special circumstances, but under average circumstances. | venture the opinion that settlement in the West is not only stagnant at present but will remain stagnant until a radical alteration is made in the economic con- ditions that control the farming com- munity on the Canadian prairies. What is wanted for Canada to realize the full benefit of her great agricultural heritage is.a Dominion agricultural policy, a policy that will give to:the farmers on the pes freedom of access to every possible market in the world, and that will, at the same time, liberate the farm- ers’ supplies from the shackling enact- ments that place artificially high prices on nearly everything they have to buy. And I have to make the frank confes- sion that neither of the Federal political parties appears to me to appreciate the issue. Until this takes place, there will be spasmodic movement as the result of such a crop as we have this year, but permanent improvement, needful settle- ment, or continuous progress cannot be expected and is entirely out of the ques-

tion.”’ GEORGE LANGLEY. Regina, Sask., Sept. 15.

THE THRESHING PROBLEM

Editor, Guide:—Lately Western farmers have been receiving a large amount. of gratuitous advice from touring Wise Men of the East and others as to the advis- ability of stacking their grain after being fortunate enough to get it safely in the shock.

In my opinion this is a question, like many others, that can only be solved by the farmers themselves, and while-it may be, and generally is, advisable for a quarter section farmer to stack his grain,

Continued on Page 18

What Does Protection Protect?

By Henry George

Protection implies prevention. To pro- tect is to preserve or defend, :

What is it that protection by tariff prevents? It is trade. To speak more exactly, it is that part of trade which consists in bringing in from other coun- tries commodities that might be produced at home. ; :

But trade, from which “protection” essays to preserve and defend us, is not like flood, earthquake or tornado, some- thing that comes without human agency. Trade implies human action. There can

be no need of preserving from or defending -

against trade unless there are men who want to trade and try to trade. Who, then, are the men against whose efforts to trade ‘protection’ preserves and defends us? :

If I had been asked this question before I had come to think over the matter for myself, I should have said that the men against whom “protection” defends us are foreign producers who wish to sell their goods in our home markets. This is the assumption that runs thru all pro- tectionist arguments—the assumption that foreigners are constantly trying to force their products upon us, and that a pro- tective tariff is a means for defending ourselves against what they want to do.

Yet a moment’s thought will show that no effort of foreigners to sell their products could of itself make a tariff necessary. For the desire of one party, however strong it may be, cannot of itself bring about trade. To every trade there must be two parties who mutually desire to trade, and whose actions are reciprocal. No one can buy unless he can find some one willing to sell; and no one can sell unless there is some other one willing to buy. If we did not want to buy foreign goods, foreign goods could not be sold

here even if there was no tariff. The efficient cause of the trade which our tariff aims to prevent is the desire of the people of this country to buy foreign goods, not the desire of foreign producers to sell them. Thus protection really pre- vents what the “protected” themselves want to do. It is not from foreigners that protection preserves and defends us; it is from ourselves.

Trade is not invasion. It does not involve aggression on one side and resist- ance. on the other, but mutual consent and. gratification. There cannot be a trade unless the parties to it agree, any more than there can be a quarrel unless the parties to it differ. England, we say, forced trade with the outside world upon China, and the United States upon Japan. But, in both cases, what was done was not to force the people to trade, but to foree their governments to let them. If the people had not wanted to trade, the opening of the ports would have been ‘useless, :

Civilized nations, however, do not use their armies and fleets to open one another’s ports to trade. What they use their armies and fleets for is, when they quarrel, to close one another’s ports. And their effort then is to prevent the carrying in of things even more than the bringing out of things—importing rather than exporting. For a people can be more quickly injured by preventing them from getting things than by preventing them from sending things away. Trade does. not require force. Free trade con- sists simply in letting people buy and sell as they want to buy and sell. It is protection that requires force, for it con- sists in preventing people from doing what they want to do. Protective tariffs are as much applications of force as are

blockading squadrons, and their object is the same—to prevent trade. ‘The difference between the two is that block- ading squadrons are a means whereby nations seek to prevent their enemies from trading; protective tariffs are a means whereby nations attempt to pre- vent their own people from trading. What protection teaches us is to do to ourselves in time of peace what enemies seek to do to us in time of war.

Can there be any greater misuse of language than to apply to commerce terms suggesting strife, and to talk of one nation invading, deluging, over- whelming or inundating another with goods? Goods! what are they but good things—things we are all glad to get? Is it‘not preposterous to talk of one nation forcing its good things upon another nation? Who individually would wish to be preserved from such invasion? Who would object to being inundated with all the dress goods his wife and daughters could want; deluged with a horse and buggy; overwhelmed with clothing, with groceries, with good cigars, fine pictures or anything else that has value? And who would take it kindly if anyone should assume to protect him by driving off those who wanted to bring him such things? ‘

. In point of fact, however, not only is it ra ar for one nation to sell to another, unless that other wants to buy, but inter- national trade does not consist in sending out goods to be sold. The great mass of the imports of every civilized country consists of goods that have been ordered by the people of that country and are importer at their risk. This is true even in our own case, altho one of the effects of our tariff is that many goods that other- wise would be imported by Americans

are sent here by European manufacturers, because under-valuation is thus made easier.

But it is not the importer who is the cause of importation. Whether goods are brought here by importers or sent here by foreign exporters, the cause of their coming here is that they are asked for by the people. It is the demand of pur- chasers at retail that causes goods to be imported. Thus a protective tariff is a prevention by a people not of what others want to do to them, but of what they themselves want to do. ‘

When in the common use of the word we speak of individuals or communities protecting themselves, there is always implied the existence of some external enemy or danger, such as cold, heat or accident, savage beasts or noxious vermin, fire or disease, robbers or invaders; some- thing disposed to do what the protected object to. The only cases in which the common meaning of the word does not imply some external enemy or danger are those in which it implies some pro- tector of superior intelligence, as when we speak of imbeciles, lunatics, drunkards or young children being protected against their own irrational acts,

But the systems of restriction which their advocates have named ‘‘protective’’ lack both the one and the other of these essential qualities of real protection. What they defend a people against is not external enemies or dangers, but what that people themselves want to do. Yet this “protection” is not the protection of a superior intelligence, for human wit has not yet been able to devise any scheme by which any intelligence can be secured in a parliament or congress superior to that of the people it represents.

10 (1496)

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

November 10, 1915

The Country Homemakers

CONDUCTED BY FRANCIS MARION BEYNON

BEAUTY IN THE HOME

It has been a pleasant surprise to find the number of people who are interested in making their homes attractive. Since the appearance of a little note in this page a few weeks ago offering to supply suggestions and samples for those who are decorating their homes, many letters have come in from people in a great variety of circumstances. 3

The other day I sent suggestions for window curtains to a woman who has a steam-heated house, with an oak-paneled den. This morning samples of paints and scrim have gone out to a woman who has a small two-roomed prairie home. I am particularly glad that this last woman wrote to me, because there is such a mistaken impression akroad that it isn’t worth while trying to have a beautiful home until one has a_ big house and plenty of money, which is all nonsense. :

I would say that beauty is about seventy per cent. color harmony, twenty per cent. form and ten per cent. texture. Now it doesn’t cost a cent more to choose a plain, restful color for the wall than to adorn it with a gaudy blue, green or red. As to form, there are many inexpensive pieces of furniture which are excellent in design and some that are very ugly, which cost a great deal of money. Tex- ture, the richness of fabrics, is the only quality of beauty which is really costly and it only plays a very small part in the making of a beautiful home. _

So if one begins early enough in the undertaking to plan the color scheme, it is just as inexpensive to have it beau- tifulas ugly. tis because I am convinced that there are few people in such straight- ened circumstances that they cannot have a beautiful home, providing they are willing to undertake some hard work, that I am prepared to give every assist- ance to those who have a desire for tasteful surroundings, but who have had little opportunity to make a study of the question. , i i

But as I have already said, you will have to take me more fully into your confidence if I am to fiat you success- fully. The lady whose letter appears in this issue sent me a diagram of her room, but neglected to mention _ her furniture, so the advice had to be given more or less in the dark. I can only help you best when you tell me all about your rooms and send a diagram on which is marked the size, shape and direction of windows. In addition to this I want to know the color of the woodwork, the number of pieces of furniture and the finish of it, including upholstery, if any; also please mention what rugs, curtains and pictures you have and your own preference in the matter of color. :

I can help you still better if you will write to me before the woodwork is finished, when I will be glad to send samples of the wood finish and wall color best suited to the lighting of the rooms and the furniture you possess, if you will enclose ten cents in stamps to cover cost of postage. Don’t bother sending a self-addressed and stamped envelope as it requires a large envelope to forwar samples. 4 : ‘

Finally, in asking advice about rugs or curtains, it would help if, instead of saying, not’ too expensive, you would give me a fairly definite idea of the amount you feel you can afford to pay. You see, what one person would regard as in- expensive, another might consider wild extravagance.

And once more please note that I take as much pleasure in helping the woman with only a kitchen and a lean-to to choose her wall color wisely as I do in assisting the builder of a large and im-

osing house who has accumulated a fat

ank roll. FRANCIS MARION BEYNON.

CONCERNING WALLS, CURTAINS AND RUGS

Dear Miss Beynon:—Will you please tell me thru the Country Homemakers, how to finish my livingroom, of which I am enclosing a sketch. It is an un- usually light room, the woodwork is stained = taht oak and varnished, walls and ceiling are plastered, and am un- certain what color to paint them. I prefer buff or light green, but would

wall,

paint the color that would harmonize best with woodwork. Please give me some advice about curtains and rug also at a medium cost. MRS, F. C. NIBBE. Stenen, Sask. Answer

If your woodwork is a very light oak, giving a yellow rather than a brown color 1 would recommend a light green wall as being better suited to the south and west exposure of your room, but if your woodwork has a decidedly brown tone, you will find that buff or buff stone shade will harmonize with it better than light green and you can cool it down by using a green or blue rug and curtains.

With the light green wall I would recommend a green rug a shade deeper than the wall, and scrim curtains at the windows, with over-curtains in ivory, light green and mulberry cretonne (mul- berry is about the shade of fresh raspber- ries after they have been mashed up in cream).

Investigating the rug: question for one of our readers the other day I found that the only moderately priced rugs in which good designs are procurable are the Scotch wool rugs, ranging in price from fifteen to thirty dollars, and the Brussels rug at from eighteen to thirty-five dollars. In either of these makes very delightful designs can be found.

If you will forward ten cents in stamps to cover postage I will be glad to send you marked samples of paints in buff and pale green, with curtain materials suitable for each wall, so that you can

try to rear a family to make good men and women and, following that, good citizens, why should I be denied the most effective weapon—the vote—to guard them while young? Questions of wages, household sanitation, child labor, etc., should all be regarded from our view- point as well as from the man’s. The Creator placed woman as man’s help- mate. He did not restrict her and say only in certain lines should she help. Some people seem to think the Creator meant by that “one man’s servant.” If we are to be help-mates, why not in every sense of the word. But then the papers have been full of arguments, so my scattered thoughts will be of little interest to the public.

I would like to see some really lively debates thru the medium of the Home- makers page, on subjects that would be educative as well as interesting. There have been some interesting articles on the war, also on amusements, but do

ou not think it would help. us to keep

right even tho on a homestead if we

would discuss literature more? Long- fellow’s Evangeline, Hiawatha, or some of Shakepeare’s plays, Tennyson’s In Memorium, Will Carlton’s Farm Legends, and, oh, we could cite many more— any or all of these would afford such interesting topics for discussion. M idea would be that Miss Beynon might choose a topic and invite discussion, then perhaps two or more would take different viewpoints. This is only an idea from one who never tires of good reading.

By the way, Socialism, the much

A splendid example of dignity and simpiicity in furnishing

see for yourself which you like best.— F. M..B.

INTERESTED IN POLITICS AND SOCIALISM

Dear Miss Beynon:—-I have read with interest. the letters on the Homemakers page. I liked your attitude regarding the minister problem. I think some of our writers were unjust. I spent a few years in a parsonage—the home of my sister—and if anyone wants to dis- illusion their minds of any idea such as of the easy, lazy life the ministers live,

_I1 would advise them to spend a few

months in a parsonage. But be that as it may, let us not disparage our ministry because we may chance to find a few unfaithful, for surely their's is a noble calling and our Master-said: ‘“ The laborer is worthy of his hire.’’ But this is not uppermost in my mind now.

At present political conditions in Manitoba have a peculiar interest for me, altho I am not of that province, Oh, women of Manitoba, grasp your opportunity now! Do not let one single woman forget or neglect to help the cause along.

Now I want my girls when ready to go out into this wide world to be protected by such laws as only the hand of woman can frame. We do not wage to cause discord, but harmony in homes, and I am sure where man and woman have equal rights their comradeship is bound to be closer. I know I enjoy discussing political questions of the day with men and I don’t see why I should not be capable of registering at least a fairly intelligent vote. If I conscientiously

discussed topic, is one brimful of interest if one gets good books on the subject. I used to have very false ideas of what Socialism was and I believe that a great many of the so-called Socialists really know very little of true Socialism them- selves. I have a friend who has been lénding me good books and I have found the subject very interesting. Engels’ books appealed to -me. However, I must stop, for already I have taken more than my share of space on the page. Thanking you, Miss Beynon, for your many beautiful and helpful ideas— your home decoration ideas in particular, -as we have been building. LASCA.

LIVES IN BEST PART OF B.C.

Dear Miss Beynon:—My husband is a subscriber to The Grain Growers’ Guide. I am writing you in order to ive “Rose” information regarding British Jolumbia, having just read her letter in The Guide of October 20. We are of the opinion that we live in about the best. part of B.C., and we know quite a bit about the country. I think this Chilliwack Valley can’t be beaten for a mild climate, and we have. good roads rural mail delivery, water laid on an electric light all in the country. She can either get a fruit farm, dairy farm and poultry, or a mixed farm. This is a thickly populated part of the country, but there’s room for more. Of course, if she wants a homestead she would have to £ more north, up by Prince Rupert, and it would be almost as cold as Manitoba up there, but they would get land cheaper.

If Rose and her husband ever think

of coming to the Valley, they need not take a ticket right thru to Vancouver, as they can get off at Harrison Mills station and cross in the ferry to the city of Chilliwack, which is the centre of the farming district here. Now that the C. N. R. is open for traffic she can take that line direct into Chilliwack. We have just got a neighbor today from Winnipeg—has got twenty acres. and a nice modern house. If Rose wants any more information she can write

direct to me. KATE,

BETTER TO HEAR BOTH SIDES

Dear Readers of the Page:—This discussion about married life, which has been going on lately in this page, is very interesting to me. I do like to hear different views on an interesting subject, and I do not expect Miss Beynon to keep out of the page all letters which do not express her own views, for in that case we should have only the views of one person and that. would not be half as interesting and instructive as the present method is, viz., putting in even extreme views. Now I should call the article, “Marriage is Slavery,” rather extreme, yet it has good points in it.

There is no use denying the fact that if women, married and unmarried, had peat rights (and only her own vote will bring these it seems), they would be a happier, more independent lot of beings., Now I know lots of dear little married women who cling to their husbands both physically and mentally. That his wish is their wish, his word is law, his reasoning always just, and his decision final. To be forced into an attitude such as this would be harrowing to my own spirit and I believe to thous- ands of other women. And yet, does not the law presuppose all women to be of that class?

Marriage should be a real partnership. You all agree in that. What sort of a business. partnership would that be which allowed one of the partners to do as he pleased with any or all of the firm’s assets? That’s the sort of partnership marriage appears to be. There is, of course, in a true marriage, a feeling that both are working for a common cause and this produces a sense of union, but when it comes down to brass tacks and the man thinks one way is best and the wife thinks another, which one has to give in? Ninety-nine times out of a hundred, the woman. And why? Be- cause after all the man owns every single thing, his wife included. Now I do not mean to say that a man ought to do his wife’s bidding. Far from it; but give the wife an equal chance. She will prove as reasonable and fair in her judg- ment once given a chance to use it as any man.

I was intending to head this letter: “Making a little tin god out of work,” but am afraid it will be too long. In a nutshell it makes my blood boil to see how everything has to stand aside for the “man’s work,” while the woman’s work in the house is belittled, or, as I often hear women out here on the farm say, “I couldn’t go to the meeting that day, the horses were all busy,” or to hear them say, “I haven’t been out of the house for months, the men are so . busy.”” I notice that the same men are very well able to get away when they want to, to any meeting they wish to attend. Supposing it does mean the loss of a few dollars to let a woman take the horse, isn’t it worth it to your wife and indirectly to you. Oh, you short- sighted man! Give her the choice of the dollars or the outing and see which she takes. (Only the man_ generally gets the dollars.)

A few little things like these would be, I believe, entirely different if this much talked of equality between man and wife were a reality instead of as at present,

rather a myth. DINAH.

WANTS PLACE ON FARM Dear Miss Beynon:—I was wondering if you could assist me in securing a’ situa- tion in the country. I have worked on the farm for seven years. Would like to be where there is a Women Grain* Growers’ Association. DDIE

November 10, 1915

DISTRICT BOUNDARIES

The great development that has taken place in recent years in the western and northern portions of the settled districts of the province has quite thrown out of balance the respective organization dis- tricts. That a radical re-arrangement of districts will have to be made has been apparent for a couple of years, and last

ear a new district was formed by divid- ing district No. 13 into two, thus creating district No. 16. But the inequality in size of the districts is still very pro- nounced and for the best interest of the Association there should either be a com- plete re-arrangement and some’ attempt at equalization of the districts or there should be a number of new districts created.

District No. 15, a couple of years ago almost without farmers, but now pretty well settled, covers a territory as large as districts number 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 combined and contains five lines of rail- way, not any two of which are connected, so that not. only is the territory colossal, but also it is exceedingly difficult to get about in. District No. 14 is another very large district now well settled, running from Moose Jaw to the Alberta boundary along the main line of the C.P.R. and north to the South Saskatchewan; 14, 16 and 18 are of about the same size each and each is as large as the smallest three districts combined. The districts were laid out along lines of railway for con- venience in getting about in them by the district director.

The locals are vitally interested in this matter, but it is one involving too much detail to be handled by the convention. Under the constitution the Central exec- utive has power to deal with this whole question, but it will be laid before the full board at a meeting to be held at Regina, November 18.

Any suggestions or recommendations to come before the board should be in the hands of district directors or the Central secretary not later than Novem-

ber 17. CENTRAL SECRETARY.

PATRIOTIC ACRE FUND A Magnificent Contribution

Isaac Sterling, of Nashlyn, in Southern Saskatchewan, will in all probability go down in history as the largest individual contributor to the Saskatchewan Grain Growers’ Patriotic Acre Fund. When the fund was first initiated it was never expected that any one farmer would be found willing to make so great a sacrifice. But the unexpected, which so_ often happens, has happened once again. It is only a week or two since Isaac Sterling sent in a Patriotic Acre Form containing a promise of the proceeds of ten acres, and during the present week he has redeemed his promise by a contribution of. 400 bushels of No. 1 wheat. It is magnificent. It brings honor to himself and also to the Association of which he forms.a part. We have no V.C. to bestow, but we trust that he will realize the truth of the saying that “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” :

8S. W. Y.

Thankful to the Great Creator

Dear Sir:—I enclose herewith my grain ticket’ for 40 bushels of No. 1 Marquis wheat, being my contribution to the Patriotic Acre Fund. My 75. acres. of wheat crop went 41 bushels to the acre on the average. I gave 41 bushels, 1 was taken for dockage, leaving 40 to the fund.

Altho I am farming a quarter section and had severe losses with oxen owing to poor feed last winter, still I am most thankful to the Great Creator for such a bountiful harvest and I willingly give my little to such a deserving object. Altho I hail from Edinburgh (Scotland), I feel deeply for the poor war-ridden folk. God help them.

Yours sincerely, WILLIAM G. McBAIN. Superb, Sask.

Good Measure, Pressed Down and Running Over

Dear Sir:—My wheat averaged 45 bushels per acre, by thresher’s measure, and I herewith enclose a storage ticket for 57 bushels net. This covers the 45 promised with the balance of the load fe~_ good weight.

I bes m.slaid my duplicate form, but do not suppose it matters.

Yours truly, JAMES SUTHERLAND.

THE GRAIN GROWERS’ GUIDE

Saskatchewan

This Section of The Guide Is conducted officially for the Saskatchewan Grain Growers’ Assoclation by J. B. Musselman, Secretary, Moose Jaw, Sask., to whom all communications for this page should be sent.

A DISTRICT CONVENTION

To Local Secretaries of the Saskatchewan Grain Growers’ Association in District No. 4.

-Gentlemen:—The annual convention of district No. 4 will be held in the Y.M.C.A. Hall, Regina, on Tuesday, November 16, at 9.30 standard time. It was thought well to meet on that date as the annual meeting of the Saskatchewan Co-operative Elevator Company is being held on November 17 and many of our members and delegates will be in Regina on those dates.

These district conventions, being some- thing preparatory to the annual con- vention, are a very important feature of the organization and it is hoped we will have every local in the district. repre- sented at the district meeting. Further- more, every local should feel an interest in duplicating the success of last year and sustaining the reputation then made of setting a good -pace for the rest; ours being the first of the series.

From resolutions passed at this con- vention last year some of the most. im- portant work of the Association has been undertaken, principally the appointment of the committee on economics. Their work is still being carried on, and when conditions are ready for the application of their recommendations no doubt action will be taken,

A good program will be presented at the first session. The Central secretary and a number of the executive staff will be present to take part, answer questions and give general information on our Association work, and other gentlemen connected with the Grain Growers’ movement have promised to -be present to help to make the meetings a success. Representatives of the women’s branch will also be present.

Please forward your resolutions as soon as possible in order that they may take proper place in the program.

Buy a one way ticket and take a stand- ard certificate with same. The matter of pooling rates will be left for the con- vention to deal with.

If every local, whether men’s or wo- men’s, sends delegates, one for each five paid members, the success of the con- vention is assured. Visiting delegates will be made welcome.

‘ Yours for success, . R. M. JOHNSTON, ; District Director No. 4. Pasqua, Oct. 25, 1915.

OUR ASSOCIATION AND MUSIC

Our Association is expanding and there is room for more expansion. To encourage better farming is good; to produce bigger

rofits is better; but to help develop the

ighest type of citizen is the finest work of all. And one of the greatest means to attain that end is to encourage a love of music.

Every -church, fraternal society, in- dustrial concern and regiment has its musi¢. Why not the G.G.A.? There is

enough dormant. talent lying scattered over the country today to change the color of prairie life. Will it be there to- morrow? :

Recently, at the close of a local concert, a man said to me, “Where are the organists of tomorrow?” I looked at the thirty or forty young people standing around, who could none of them contribute one iota towards the musical part of the program. The pity of it! If boys, born and reared in the lowest strata of society, boys to whom the terms “father” and “home” are meaningless, will flock to a singing meet- ing in great numbers as they do, aye, and learn to sing, too, what might be accomplished by even our most backward local, and it would. ;

Many locals are exercising great musical talent, but it is as locals, not as part of the Association. These locals remind one of a plant of machinery in motion with- out the driving belts.

Why not our Association supply the belts?’ Why not promote a spirit of emulation and competition among our locals? Why not our locals in competition at the Saengerfest? If the singers from my local can render the best glee why not the whole Association know of it, just as much as which local can put up the best grain exhibit at the fair?

Some. offthe results of making musie a feature of the Association’s work: More definite local work. A more attractive community. A more permanent type of teacher. Less: distinction between town and country life. A bond of sympathy with the ‘New Canadian.”’ School musi- cal instruments kept in order. | Pianolos and phonographs used as contributors to rather than substitutes for, individual talent. Music for the dancers instead of “time” beaten or scraped. And, most important of all, our Association would provide one antidote for the spirit of materialism which is more and more taking such a hold on prairie life.

VIOLET McNAUGHTAN. Piche, Nov. 1, 1915. ; THE CAR ORDER BOOK

I am writing you for some information on the distribution of cars. I wish to know if a person can place his name on more than one order book at one time. For instance, there are a number of men have their names in Zealandia and also in Sovereign. If itis not allowed I would like to know how to proceed to have their names removed from the order book

here. Le D.J. Answer.—With regard to farmers sign- ing the car order book at various stations, I would point.you to the Canada Grain Act, section 195-205. The point. which you raise does not appear to be directly dealt with, but the equity of the case

Consult your Local Secretary about all Supplies, and write the Central for a

General Catalog

Flour

Combine your orders and secure the advantage of wholesale car- load prices. Apply to your Local Secretary and get latest prices. Mixed cars can be supplied containing Flour, Bran, Shorts, Rolled Oats, Farina and Graham Flour... We can also supply less than carloads direct from the mills at wholesale prices.

(1497) 11

would appear to me to be somewhat as ° follows:—

One man may be the owner of a number of farms situated at various points in the West. For instance, he might have one farm in Alberta, one in Saskatchewan and one in Manitoba. No one would advance the argument that if this farmer signed a car order book in Alberta he should not be permitted to sign one in Manitoba at the same time, or if he signed for a car in Saskatchewan that he would be debarred from signing for one in Alberta. The same principle is involved if a farmer desires to sign the car order books at two différent points less widely separated, I see no reason why a farmer should not sign the car order book at all points at’ which he wishes to deliver grain. I know of farmers who deliver. grain from the same farm to three different stations on three different lines of railway. They appear to be entitled to secure cars in their proper order at each of these

points. CENTRAL SECRETARY THE PRICE OF GRAIN _ At our last meeting the following resolu- tion was passed and we would ask you to give same attention if it is possible for you to do anything in this connection. Moved by M. P. Wolverson, seconded by Thos. E. Parker, ‘That we move a resolution asking Central secretary. to appeal to the Imperial government in regard to the grain market. situation, requesting the Imperial government to look into the matter of prices paid for grain, and if possible lessen the difference paid for grain in Canada and the same grain in Liverpool, England.’ ERNEST PARKER, Sec’y Spalding Local. G. A. FRANCIS, Pres. Spalding Local.

Order your Coal in good time to avoid possible delay through the

Shortage of Cars

: Lumber

Get a copy of our latest price list of Lumber and see the saving you can effect by buy- ing thru your own organiza- tion. :

Don’t be led away by mis-use of the word ,but secure your supplies thru the S.G.G.A. every time. [@

‘‘Co-operation,”’

The Saskatchewan Grain Growers’ Association

J. B. MUSSELMAN, Secretary

We han

Bhehey-my to $360.00, according to H.P, Write and tell us what engine you require and we will be pleased to quote you. We also handle Grain Grinders, Cordwood and Pole moby Neorg Lighting Machinery,

The “Waterloo Boy Gas Engine RUNS THE YEAR AROUND

ASK YOUR NEIGHBOR! : dle Waterloo Boy Engines from 134 H.P. to 12,H.P. Prices mounted on skids range

Hand and Power Washing Machines, Grain Elevators, Machinery, Engine Gang Plows, Belting and Threshers’ Supplies.

- MOOSE JAW, Sask.

Yes sir, the “Waterloo Boy’ does not [get panicky over the weather.

With just the ordinary care it is easy to start any time. It is built to stand up—that’s why! The Waterloo Boy has been sold in Western Canada for several years and is to be found in every section of the three Prairie Provinces, The manufacturers’ guarantee of five years accompanies every cS ie, covering defective material and workmanship. This guarantee along. with the work it does has won for it the united approval of the farmer-owners.

‘ump Jacks,"“Small Threshin 4 a

ASK US ABOUT THE “WATERLOO BOY” ONE MAN KEROSENE TRACTOR

THE GASOLINE ENGINE & SUPPLY CO. LTD. (inwived® Siset

12 (1498)

OFFICERS:

Hon. President—D, W. Warner .. .. President—James Speakman... .. . Vice-Presidents—

HL. W.. Woods .. «5 22 ee

8. 8. Dunham .. .. .. .. os

Rice Sheppard .. .. «

W.. De Trego. o4 oe eee oe oe Sec,-Treasurer—P. P, Woodbridge .. ..

Edmonton + Penhold

+. +. Carstairs .+ Lethbridge + Edmonton

LS @leichen Calgary

ROSEBEG REPORTS

In forwarding $5.50 membership dues for Rosebeg Union, No. 719, Donald Cameron, secretary, reports that they have now thirty-six members on the roll, twenty-nine of whom are paid Ne No meetings have been held since July 31, as the members have all been busy with harvesting and threshing operations. However, it is hoped that they will get going again as soon as the busy season is over.

WORK IS DONE

F. W. Parson, secretary of Fawn Lake Union, No. 703; reports that for the past two months the meetings have been very small. However, they managed to hold monthly meetings regularly and expect to have a good one this month as the rush work is about over, and they have some important business to discuss. He goes on to say, “We are neither dead or dying; altho my membership report is blank, all dues: being paid up and no new members this trip. Better luck next time maybe.”

WILL DO BETTER

At a meeting of the Maple Leaf Union, No. 504, held recently, ten members were

8 improved Powers Combined Well Borin

and Drilling Machine

through any soil ut rate

\ Same rig bores of 100 f¢ in 10 hours, and drills through rock. One team hauls and operates machine. Engine power if wanted.

Easy to operate—no experts needed. fake, y fOr na few wooks work. A otse isch" and for irrigation. Write for free illustrated circu- tare showing different styles.

Lisle Manufacturing Co. Box 960 Clarinda, lowa

liapighthh anes taceatnne®

~ Raw Furs

Trappers, Traders and Farmers. We are aying highest market prices for Furs. nd immediately for FREE PRICE LIST and all information regarding trapping and hunting.

A. & E. PIERCE & CO. 233 KING STREET - WINNIPEG

bons anybody in the busts a

“e) ge Aes overra' nals means , but aro ts

pad bal Re uO

er our ar Trears, cod ous ard aati rtae peers peer ea it Won't lay down on tno fobs

Don’t Get Fooled

By the kind of talk intended to sell you a Seen cane oor

WILLIAM GALLOWAY C0,, of Canada, Ltd f Dept. 11. "Winning, Manttods

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

Alberta

This Section of The Guide Is conducted officially for the United Farmers of Alberta by P. P. Woodbridge, Secretary, Calgary, Alberta, to whom all communl- - catlons for thls page should be sent.

present. There was one application for membership, which was accepted. The question of purchasing flour, coal oil fruit, ete., co-operatively was discusse

and the secretary was instructed to secure prices. on same. It was also decided that for the future the union would hold their meetings on the third Saturday in every month, instead of at or before full moon. A special meeting will be called on Saturday, November 6, to find ways and means of bringing life back into the branch. The members also hope to have an entertainment in the near future. The secretary states that he hopes the next year will be a more active one in that part of the country.

EVERYBODY BUSY

A. W. Hatherly, secretary of Lauder- dale Union, No. 422, reports that there have been no meetings of that union during the past quarter, owing to the fact tat the membership is very scattered and the unusually busy season made it extremely difficult to get.together. He states, however, that the interest is as strong as ever it was in the work of the U. F. A. and is looking forward to some good meetings as.soon as threshing is over.

TRANSPORTING THE WHEAT CROP

Some of our members may possibly have been following the amusing con- troversy which, in a_ purely private capacity, I have been carrying on with the Calgary News-Telegram in regard to its suggestions that the British govern- ment step in and purchase from 100,000,- 000 to 150,000,000 bushels of Canadian wheat and requisition or commandeer sufficient vessels to transport same to England, thereby making an alleged saving of from 40 to 50 cents per bushel, which the News-Telegram thinks the British government might very well divide up between the Canadian farmer and the British consumer. The News- Telegram has now contributed to the general gaiety in six extra large columns of reply (?) to a total of three letters, in no part of which so far as I have been able to discover, has any information been forthcoming in support of the News-Telegram’s contention that their proposal was either feasible or reasonable.

I think that we all think that freight rates are higher than they should be at the present time, and many of us are somewhat disappointed that even if there is an extraordinarily large surplus of grain for export in Canada, U.S. and Argentine, the prices we are receiving for our wheat are not higher than they are. The question as to just who is paying this freight, whether the producer or consumer, issene well worthy of careful investigation, in fact, the whole problem of the grain business under present con- ditions. is “extremely interesting and might be worthy of a special report setting forth the reasons for the somewhat eccentric fluctuations which have occurred.

.It--must..be remembered. that there is

absolutely. no precedent in’ the history of the world’s grain trade for present conditions. There never has been a time before when practically the whole of the grain consuming nations were at war at the same time. When some of these nations are strictly blockaded and unable to secure any grain from: outside their own. borders, and the balance engaged in a wholesale transportation of troops and ammunition, such as would have been considered quite inpossible a little more than twelve months ago, it is very doubtful if the British or Canadian government could exercise any effective control over freight rates on ocean going vessels, neither would they have an control, of course, outside of vessels of British registry, and with those of

British registry it is generally understood

that the government has to guarantee the owners the same rates that they would get if not commandeered by the Imperial authorities. This means that ocean rates even under government control would be the same as they are now, or if they were less, the difference would have to be made up by increased taxation on somebody. So far as the present rates

are concerned, I understand that they have not varied very greatly during the past few months, and that 30 cents a bushel was no uncommon charge for space in the spring or early summer. The whole question will doubtless be carefully investigated and in the mean- while, when we carefully think over the situation as it is today, which includes as it does a tremendous demand for ships usually engaged in the grain -busi- ness, for the transportation of munitions of war and supplies of all kinds for the Allies, to say nothing of those being used for the transportation of troops, also taking into consideration the fact that the total world production this year is estimated to be considerably greater than the world consumption, we may decide that our prices are not quite so bad as they might seem at first thought. We have a yield this year away above the average; the price is also above the average for the last six years, except the season of 1914-15. That, of course, is no reason why we should permit of anyone creeping in and making an ex- orbitant profit either at our expense or that of the British consumer, if we can possibly prevent it. It is, however, one reason why we should bear more patiently any disappointment we may feel because we are not getting as much as we had expected and it should also make -us feel that we should look at the matter from a more unselfish point of view than the mere possibility of getting more money for ourselves without considering its possible effect on the ultimate tay

TRY AGAIN, BROADVIEW

The following report has been received from J. H. Clarke, secretary of Broadview Union, No. 342:

Our members have been very lax in paying up their dues. I am sorry to say the membership of our local has fallen away sadly. We now number only eighteen male members and four female, the rest of them have gradually dropped out and fallen in arrears. We have not had any meeting for the past two and a half months, owing mostly to the busy harvest and threshing time. We resume our meetings again on November 7, when I hope and trust we will get into a better shape. The men round here want stirring up; they have been diffident all the year and seem to think when they have paid their dues their responsibility ends. Early in the year we were in good shape and initiated several new members, but not one of them, paid their dues, nor have they been present at any subsequent meeting. It is very discouraging, but I sincerely hope that we will shortly pull up to our former strength. We have certainly had a hard time of it. this year past, owing to the bad harvest of 1914,

ut with the plentiful crop of this year I trust we will show a very substantial gain in our membership. : a ORGANIZATION NO. 3

The first problem I want to discuss as providing reason for organization and work for our unions is “better farming.” The fact that we have to sell in the world market, with competition from farmers of other countries, both at home and abroad, makes it necessary to study out the best ways of producing the. largest

uantities and the best qualities with the lowest expense. If we don’t succeed in. this, we cannot expect to make a

-decent living on the farm. To succeed

in this we must combine, we cannot do it by individual effort. As an American writer says: “If a hundred. men in a community are all studying the,.problem of growing the crops of that community, but each man studies alone and does not exchange ideas with his neighbors, each man profits only by his own study; but if they meet frequently to discuss their common problems and to exchange ideas, each man profits not only by his own study, but by that of all his neigh- bors.” I would add, that each man penis not only by his own experience, ut also by the experience of. all his neighbors. That is based of course: on the co-operative principle, that a man’s ability and knowledge and_ experience

November 10, 1915

DISTRICT DIRECTORS:

Victorla—P. 8. Austin ., oe + Ranfurly Edmonton—George Long .. .. .. .. .. Namao

Strathcona—H, G, Vickery .. .. .. .. Strome Macleod—G. W. Buchanan .. .. .. .. Cowley Calgary—J. A. Bishop .. .. .. .. Beddington

Red Deer—D. Buckingham .. .. .. Medicine Hat—B, EB, Sparks .. .. ..

. Stettler + Jenner

are not merely a personal capital, to be used only for his own profit, but a common capital, for the service of the community. And in the end this is also the wisest principle of self interest, for no individual farmer, unless he is farming on a ver large scale, can market his own small quantity of produce as’ easily and ad- vantageously as if he can combine with a number of other farmers who are pro- ducing the’ same thing. This line of thought suggests a great many topics for discussion at Union meetings, such as: _ 1—What is the best kind of farming in our locality? (a) Grain growing; (b) Cattle and hog raising; (c) Mixed farming. 2—What are the best kinds of grain for our locality? (a) Wheat, what kind? Winter wheat or spring wheat? Red Fife, Marquis, Prelude, or? (b) Oats, what kind? (c) Barley, rye, flax, ete.?. ° 3—What roots pay to raise and how? For instance, what are the best potatoes?

In all this work, after settling on the definite thing to grow, the next question would be where and how to get the best seed, and in this our unions might link up with the work of the Canadian Seed Growers’ Association, about which I may write more fully in another article.

Then there are numerous interestin questions about livestock raising ane feeding. For instance, there is probably no better country anywhere for raisin horses than many parts of Alberta, an yet the chief lesson taught us recently, in trying to sell horses for the war, was that we needed to improve our horse raising. If we could combine to raise certain definite good types of horses, so that a buyer when he travels thru a community finds a fair quantity of good, uniform draught, or coach or saddle horses, there would be much more money in the business. The same thing applies to all the other kinds of liyestock.

Then there are many other farming questions that it would pay the unions to study and discuss.

4—What have we found to be the best. methods of cultivation?

_ 5—What are the best kinds of farm implements?

More depends on the kind of- plow and \ seed drill we use than many farmers think. I was struck, in travelling over some of the dried out districts last summer, with seeing a very decent wheat crop in a locality where scarcely any. crop was visible. When I chatted with the thbmner and listened to his very intelligent descrip- tion of his seed drill and the way he worked it, I found a full explanation of his success, and I said to him: ‘Why could you not in the winter have given your union such a talk as you have given me? It might have saved one neighbor that I knew from spending his money and wasting his seed on a useless drill.”

_ Another series of questions to study in our unions might deal with the waste on our farms, for instance, in manure. In the United States it is estimated that the total annual value of natural manure amounts to $2,225,700,000, more than the combined annual output of timber, #690,750,000, and minerals, $1,342,453,- 982. I should imagine it quite possible that two million dollars are going to waste annually in Alberta in manure alone.’

This rapid sketch of a few topics on “Better Farming” shows that it should be very easy for the president, secretary and a small committee in every’ union to draw up @ program for a few interest- ing meetings. And along these lines the unions could get plenty’ of help. The Central Office, of course, would help. The government would provide quite a few lectures, if they were asked for. I have no doubt the new Agricultural faculty in the Alberta University would help. Then the unions within a reason- able area around. the Agriculttral schools connected with the Demonstration farms could be. visited by the teachers of these schools, and soon, I hope, the pupils of the Agricultural schools will come into our unions to help us by telling what they have learned. Just imagine the. uplift to farming in Alberta, if seven hundred live U. F. A. Unions were studying and , working together to promote better

farming, ’ JAS. SPEAKMAN,

November 10, 1915

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

Manitoba

This Section of The Guide Is conducted officially for the Manitoba Grain Growers’ Association by R. C. Henders, President, Culross, Man., to whom all communications for thls page should be sent.

MARQUETTE DISTRICT CONVENTION

The directors of the District, Associa- tion of Marquette are making strenuous efforts to make their District Convention, which is to be held in Minnedosa on Wednesday, November 24, at 2 p.m., a huge success.. The secretary, Bert Me- Leod, is sending circulars to every branch secretary in. his district notifying them of the convention and urging them to appoint a full list of delegates to attend. Newspapers in the district are heartily entering into the spirit of advertising the meeting and co-operating with the differ- ent branches to make the convention a success. Officers for 1916 will be elected at this meeting and there will also be the nominating of the director to represent the district on the Central directorate.

Such questions as the livestock ex- change, public abattoirs, free wheat, grading of wheat, will be discussed. An evening meeting is advertised at 8 p.m. at which the Central secretary, R. Mc- Kenzie, will deliver an address on Rural Credits.

DISTRICT OF SWAN RIVER

The District Association of Swan River will hold a convention in Swan River on Tuesday, November 23, at which the secretary expects representatives from all the branches in the Swan River Valley and district to be in attendance. The uestion of how the organizing of the district can best be overtaken by the district officers is going to receive close attention by the delegates. R. J. Avison, of Gilbert Plains, will represent the Central Association at this convention and assist in laying plans for extending the work of the Grain Growers’ movement in the Swan River Valley.

LISGAR DISTRICT

J. L. Brown, director for Lisgar con- stituency, is arranging for a public meet- ing at Pilot Mound on the 16th. The feature of this meeting will be the collect- ing of all contributions to the Patriotic Acre and the alloting of the =o to the different War Relief Funds. R. C. Henders, president of the Association for Manitoba, will be present and give an address at an afternoon and evening meeting. It is Reg nae that representa- tives from other branches in the Lisgar district will be in attendance at this meeting and arrangements made for organization work in the district.

WINKLER ASSOCIATION

The secretary of the Winkler Associa- tion called at the Central office this week. He reports their branch as making pro- gress as they have now forty-two members in their Association, having nearly doubled their membership in the past year. They have already ordered two cars of apples this season and expect to do more co- operative buying.

PATRIOTIC ACRE FUND Contributions received up to date from individual farmers are as follows: Wm. Bertram, Rounthwaite...... $20.85

H. McMillan, Margaret.......... 15.00 R. Lamb, Sanford............... 28.22 Thos. Paterson, Springfield ...... 30.00 Thos. Cooper, Cameron Branch... 42.55

Totalby isis caus os gible outa aor $136.62

We hope all our branches are keeping the Patriotic Acre in mind and as soon as the threshing rush slackens up a little will get in touch with the members and other farmers who have given pledges to contribute to the Patriotic Acre, so as to have this matter wellin hand. “He gives twice who gives quickly” applies to this fund in a special sense. Secretaries get busy and get this fund in shape early in the season. ;

' AS OTHERS SEE US

The following is from a letter received by the secretary of the Central Office from a gentleman in the United States, who is ful and interested in Saskatchewan farm lands: : :

Dear Sir:—I have been reading with much interest an account of the meeting of the farmers in annual convention. I am, of course, a stranger to you and, to Manitoba, but not to Saskatchewan where I am a very much interested producer in that I have at this time more

than ten thousand acres under cultiva~- tion indirectly and directly. I am very much interested and pleased to note that the producer is sitting up as it were and taking account of himself, that he begins to feel that he has some rights others must respect, that he is not only going to be asked to be recognized, but demands it. If he continues so to do and acts not hastily but wisely, then, and not till then, may we expect to prosper in Canada. It has been my experience, and I speak knowingly, that the farmer in Canada is the most dis- tressed and poorly paid, that he takes a larger risk and less pay for his. labor than any other, that he is the most preyed upon of any class, that in fact every other interest is protected but his, that he is today paying more than his share of the taxes and carrying more than he should of the burdens of his country, and that the farmer of Canada today as compared with the farmer in the States is on a very unequal footing. He pays so much more for what he has to buy and receives so much less’ for what he has to sell.

Everything in your country seems to be

G.G.G. Co. guarantee.

chance when you buy.

for goodness.

Your Grain

er.

by grinding the grain before you feed. it.. Differ- ent. sizes, fully equipped, at right prices.

REGINA, SASK 6 ; ‘i eu ; Agency at | CALGARY,ALTA a NEW WESTMINSTER __ Aarau 9 “Winnipeg-Manitoba vwesus

Every engine is backed by The You run no In contract- ing with the manufacturer we did not aim for cheapness, but rather

For Grinding :

You can’t beat a G.G.G. Grind- Keep your stock’ in good shape and destroy weed seeds

Branches at =

GUIDE

a combination against the producer. Your lumbermen, wholesalers. and re- tailers, your elevator companies, whether co-operative or independent, ask and get outrageous tolls for their gain. On this side of the line we would not stand for such combinations and understandings among elevator and lumber interests any longer than we could get to the courts. If necessary -we would fine them. If that would not break up their thievish practices we would imprison them. I feel there is a wide field for your Grain Growers to reach out after. Simply look about you and verily you will see that the field is already hie for the harvest.

As far as our company is concerned we need no protection, from the ‘“interests,’’ since we are well able to take care of ourselves. We ship in all our lumber

and ship out all our grain—never using ‘

the elevators unless some of the tenants are compelled to. Neither do we use the lumber yards unless for a little filling in. We are mightily interested in the poor fellows who are working so hard against such odds and who cannot take care of themselves.

Speaking about the tariff reminds me that I can ship my lumber into Canada from the United States, pay the tariff, and then save money. I can ship my flax into the markets of the United States pay twenty cents duty and make good money in addition as against your mar- kets. JI can buy all my machinery here, ship to Canada, pay your tremendous

G.G.G. Gasoline Engines

on Trucks or on Skids

The Modern Power for any Farm

the factory.

The (rain (rowers (rain G@.

All essentials to the perfect working of a gasoline engine are embodied in simple form in G.G.G. outfits.. Common sense and utility stand out in every. feature of construction, yet style and finish are not overlooked. Every engine is inspected and tested before it leaves

Write For Particulars and Prices

(1499) 13

duty, and then save big money as against buying in Canada. For instance: I bought a Minneapolis threshing machine; 36. x 56, for $792.00 that I could not buy in your country for less than $1,350.00. I bought a Rumely Oil-Pull engine here for less than $2,600.00 that you cannot buy in your country for less than $3,700. We are at this time buying harness to take with us for thirty Nollnte and less that you cannot buy for twice that figure in your country. We have just. pur- chased halters for 75 cents and we paid $2.50 for no better in Weyburn last summer. I could go on _ indefinitely and give you facts and figures that would make any farmer in Saskatchewan open his eyes if he knew such were possible. About all the reason I can think of that the farmers stand for these things is that they do not know it. They have become so used to being the burden bearers—the slaves as it were—the down trodden—that they simply pass it by. The only other excuse I can think of is that while every other interest has been sitting up day and night if need be taking good care of their interests, the poor farmer has been so busy making ends meet that he has not had time. Again every other interest is united but the farmer. I ask, how long will these things be? and you will reply, as any other intelligent person will, just so long as the farmer does not look after his own. I do hope the day will eome when the producer in Canada secures his rights.

Every Engine is Inspected. and Tested —

Ltd.

"14 (1500)

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

Who “should worry’?

You, if you expect to buy an automobile, or if the one you own is up- holstered in coated “split leather” that is rotting —splitting, and giv ing your car a generally disreputable -appearance,

A real cow grows only

one hide,—it is too thick for upholstery,—it is suitable only for shoe soles, belting, ete.

Now to produce genuine grain leather for upholstery, two thirds to three quarters of this thickness is split away, only the outermost layer being really strong enough.

To save that by-product, however, some manufacturers actually split it into two or more thin sheets, coat and emboss it to make it

look like the strong, outermost grain leather.

Hence two thirds to

three quarters of all leather upholstery in use is coated splits.

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In selecting a car, choose one of the many now using Fabrikoid.

‘Sample of either quality free. Mention your dealer's name. Or, if you send us 50c, we'll mail a large working sample 18 by 25 inches, sufficient to cover a chair, etc. Write us to-day.

DU PONT FABRIKOID COMPANY

“Fabrikoid’’ is made in Canada,

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The Grain Growers’ Strength is in Unity and Co-operation

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GUIDE

November 10, 1915

The Third Party

A Paper read by W. W. Arnall at a meeting of Ladstock local of the Saskatchewan Grain Growers’ Association

The question to be discussed is, whether it is more advisable to go on supporting the old established parties, Liberal or Conservative, with all their known imperfections, or to institute a new party whose object shall be to se- cure the farmers just and equitable legislation at Ottawa, which they at present do not receive. In this ques- tion I contend that a new party is both advisable and necessary, and will en- deavor to give some arguments. in sup- port of my contention.

In the first place we will consider the old parties. Is either of them free from graft or from pandering to the moneyed interest to the prejudice of the farmer? Their records will supply the answer, “‘No!’’?. Again consider their attitude toward the tariff. The farmers as a body know that a low duty on imports or even Free Trade is to their advan- tage, giving them cheaper commodities but leaving less profit to the Canadian manufacturer, -Neither party favors such ideas. The Liberals when in

power maintained a high tariff and the

Conservatives when. in power raised it higher still, and the farmer kicked in vain. His wants were not worth con- sidering, having no real organization or power to back them up. We know the Liberals were thrown out thru sup- porting Reciprogity.. They made a mis- take that time in kicking against the powers that be, but Sir Wilfrid Laurier will think twice before he again puts forward such ideas, judging from his present attitude.

Influence Provincial

The Grain Growers’ Association has done much to get legislation passed for the good of the farmer, but. practically entirely thru the Saskatchewan govern- ment—which I place on a different plane to the Ottawa government—and in ap- proaching the Ottawa government, either by petition, resolution or delega- tion, they have invariably failed to se- cure any real satisfaction whatever. You ‘are all well aware that both the old. parties are provided with election funds by the Manufacturers’ Associa- tion. It is a case of he who pays the piper. calls the tune. But the tune the Manufacturers’ Association calls is dis- cord in the ears of the farmer. He does not pay anything to the party funds, so the piper does not play for him.

Keeping Them Straight

With regard to a new party, you may say there is no guarantee that it would be any less corrupt than the old parties have proved to be. If it should become corrupt it would be entirely the farm- ers’ fault. It is up to them to keep their parties and associations clean thru proper supervision and control and by taking a proper interest in all institu- tions organized for their welfare, both political and social. This at present is not done by the average farmer; his apathy is often magnificent. He is open to much criticism on this point. He will say, ‘‘Let well alone.’’ He will also say, ‘‘ Let ill alone, lest worse befall.’’ It is not on such philosophy that progress and. improvement are brought about. It is such philosophy that says ‘‘Do not attempt this third party idea.’’? The majority of the third party antagonists agree the old parties are unsatisfactory. Their remedy is to cleanse them of all their unrighteous- ness, Such a process might be possible, but would be about as easy as making a silk. purse out of a sow’s ear. An or- dinary individual or business firm hav-

‘ing an unsatisfactory servant usuallv

discharges such servant and engages

another who again may prove faulty if)

his employer has been careless about enquiring into his past character. This simile applies to the third party if in- stituted; the character and ideals of its members must be up to standard. Only, by seeking out first class men, men who

surely can be found, can a third party .

be of any service to the farming com- munity. i

Now,-as to the power a third party would have in the house, considering it would be small in number on initiation. To illustrate the point, say there are ten third partyites, fifty-five Conserva- tive and 46 Liberals, now the third par- ty can suit itself, and by voting on the

side that agrees to its proposals can place that party in office. Should their number be insufficient to place a major- ity wherever they want it, they still are able to voice the farmers’ require- ments and have considerable direct in- fluence on legislation. This has been proved in practice innumerable times. As an instance, take the Irish party in the old country. While the Home Rule debate was on Mr. Redmond was often spoken of as the real prime minister, in that he was able to practically dictate to Mr. Asquith by reason of the votes he controlled, which cast on either side would constitute a majority for that side and place the government in its hands. A party representing us as farmers might easily in all reason as- pire to such a position of power, only requiring the organized effort of the farmers themselves, everyone assisting the cause collectively and individually and taking a real interest and so justi- fying their enfranchisement. We have men right here who will not go and vote at the Dominion elections, because they realize, whether it be a Liberal or a Conservative government that is in power at Ottawa, it does not matter a ‘‘tinker’s cuss’’ to the farmer, and they are almost justified in their atti- tude. . The Association’s Position

A few remarks on the position of the Grain Growers’ Association toward this innovation. The Grain Growers’ Asso- ciation both at the convention of Feb- ruary, 1914, and by Mr. Musselman’s letter in The Guide, are against having anything to do with such an idea, con- tending it would be outside its province to meddle in politics and cause dis- ruptions in the association between hard and fast adherents of the old parties. Such may or may not be the case. The unanimous opinion of members of the association does not coincide with the opinion of its directorate on this sub- ject. However, taking their attitude as the right one, it is no argument against the initiation of a third party entirely free and separate from the Grain Growers’ Association, free to stand or fall by its own strength or weakness, whichever the farmers see fit to endow it with. Contrary to the Sas- katchewan Grain Growers, the Mani- toba Grain Growers are nominating Mr. Henders, their president, to stand at the coming Dominion election. So the attitude of the directors of the Saskat- chewan Grain Growers’ Association does not entirely put the idea out of countenance. No, the farmers have let others do their thinking too long for them, and it is now a fact that a very considerable section of the Saskatche- wan farmers are fully impressed with the necessity of some such action as I have tried to interest you in. Before closing I will bring one established fact to your notice and that is, that a coun- try invariably has the kind of govern- ment it desires to have—good or bad. If you consider the Ottawa government an unsatisfactory one, it is most cer- tainly a reflection upon yourselves as voters and individuals. You cannot deny this argument, so you and your fellowmen thruout the west are to blame personally for the present faulty government you enjoy, and the removal of the stigma lies entirely in your own hands. I submit that it can be done thru the medium of a third party, and maintain it is a practical remedy.. I leave the matter at that for your con- sideration.

FREE!

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NORTH BATTLEFORD, SASK.

November 10, 1915

THE

Buying a Piano

By H. C. Skinner

Taken as a whole it can be truly said that Providence and Dame Fortune joined hands and smiled generously on the Prairie Provinces this season. In the ordinary course of events there should be a number of pianos purchased by farmers this fall and coming spring. Hitherto many farmers have looked upon a piano as being a luxury and a very expensive piece of furniture that one could well do without. A piano is something more than a mere piece of furniture and its value to the home cannot be measured by money or judged from an ornamental standpoint. Irrespective of where a man lives or whatever his occupation may be, if he is any man at all his first thought is naturally of his home. Those who harvested a good crop and have a little surplus cash to spare doubt- less intend converting the fruits of their labors into something permanent and of real benefit to the home. It is to such people that this article is directed. We know of nothing that will add so much pleasure to home life as a good piano.

What Make of Piano Shall I Buy?

That is a question that cannot be answered by one or even a number of people. Opinions differ in this respect for the simple reason that true color and quality of tone are in some indescribable manner related to one’s own senses. For instance, you may walk into a piano store and a salesman demonstrates various makes of pianos to you. There is just one piano which appeals to you. Yet your friend who accompanies you dis- agrees and considers another to be the better. Can you describe just why that difference of opinion should exist? This test may also be applied to a number of pianos manufactured by the same factory and perhaps one will, in your opinion, outshine the others. But if you have decided on the make of piano you intend purchasing, the test is not really worth all the trouble to which many people put it. After all, piano building has become a science and one may reasonably expect any individual factory to build pianos on set lines and specifications. A very good plan is to have the salesman play a certain piece of music on each piano. Choose a selection which always gives you great pleasure to listen to and be careful to observe that the demonstrator treats each instrument with the same firmness, precision or delicacy of touch, whichever the case may be. It is then that this indescribable something makes a definite impression on your senses and you are enabled to make your selection. Amongst professionals it is generally agreed that when a piano is needed to accompany a singer, a soft-tone, light touch instru- ment is desirable. If, on the other hand, it is required for a pianoforte recital, the professional prefers a firmer action, which apparently gives more brilliance to the interpretation. One thing certain, a light touch instrument, or in other words, the piano with a quick, responsive, free action, is recommended for amateurs.

Beware

It is well to remember that you are not buying a beautiful piece of furniture or the case only. What you are buying is the interior, the frame, strings and action. That is what gives life and durability to an instrument. Price does not always determine the quality of a piano. Don’t buy a piano on the strength of a pretty picture. The frame of high grade up- . right pianos is built to withstand the strain of 40,000 Ibs.

A second-hand piano of known make is a better investment than a brand new instrument without prestige or repute. From the foregoing you will gather that we advocate going to see and hear an instrument before purchasing. For the sake of selecting a piano which will send a thrill thru your system and its every note will give you pleasure, we adhere to this advice. In the event of not being able to give a personal in- spection, one may be practically assured of positive protection by doing business with a reputable firm which has won its prestige thru long-standing and continuous dealings with the public. No honest piano dealer can afford to sell an inferior article when quality is demanded without injuring the firm’s reputation. But you will discover that the salesman can always meet the prospect’s pocket as

tuning his business.

to price whether you are out to buy in person or by mail. The inferior instru- ment ma te shewn and demonstrated to you. It may be merely touched upon in correspondence. But you will in- variably find that a certain instrument is always recommended and guaranteed, while of the other nothing is actually said in its favor and certainly no strong guarantee or positive assurance of durabil- ity will accompany the salesman’s re- marks. That just indicates the difference between a high grade instrument and a piano case.

The Life and Care of a Piano

With proper care a good piano will last a lifetime. There should be no appreciable difference in tone after twelve years. The instrument should not be left closed for long periods. Open fre- quently and allow daylight to fall upon the keys or the ivory may turn yellow. A piano should not be placed in a damp room nor left in a draught. Dampness is its most dangerous enemy. The strings and tuning pins will rust and the cloth used in the construction of the keys and action will swell, causing the action to either move sluggishly or stick altogether. This occurs chiefly in the rainy season, and the best pianos made of the most thoroughly seasoned materials are neces- sarily affected more or less with dampness, the absorption being rapid. Extreme heat is scarcely less injurious. When a room is subject to varying degrees of temperature it is a splendid plan to stand a bowl of cold water somewhere in close proximity to the piano. If the instru- ment, is placed at an angle across a corner, the space between the piano and the wall provides an excellent place. Keep the basin well filled and examine frequent- ly. It is surprising how quickly the moisture is absorbed. Never place a

piano near an open fire or heater or |

over or close to furnace registers.

Moths are very destructive to the cloth and felt used in pianos, and may be avoided by placing a lump of camphor wrapped in soft paper inside the case of the piano, care being taken to renew the camphor from time to time. In cleaning, usually all that is required is to dust the case lightly with a piece of cheesecloth. Do not use a coarse cloth or feather duster under any circumstances and do not use a furniture polish of any kind. In years to come your old piano can be made to look like new and any piano house will tell you they much prefer to work up a finish on a case which has not been subjected to polishes.

More Piano Pointers

Tuning is a most important factor in the care of an instrument. A _ piano should be tuned at least twice a year, Good months for tuning are October, Feb- ruary and May. This advice is best ex- plained when the changing temperature of the room is taken into consideration. Tune first, we will say a week or so after the heat is put on. Have it tuned once more thru the cold spell and again in the spring when it has accustomed itself. to.normal atmos- pheric conditions. The selection of a tuner is of the greatest importance. Never en- gage a tinker, but a man who makes piano- The action of your piano requires attention as often as the piano is tuned. That is why you do not want a.tinker on the job, even if he should be gifted with a wonderful sense of pitch.

The Artistic Viewpoint

Some people choose pianos to match their furniture. If by so doing the tone quality is assured, the combination of course is a very happy one.’ In our opinion, what a farmer needs is a piano that will stand rough wear. Mahogany, for instance, will show every mark and if there are children around it is absolutely impossible to keep: them from coming in contact with the piano. Good pianos are now built in fumed oak and. other plain finishes. We leave this thought entirely to the discretion of the pur- chaser. But we would strongly advocate a plain case. Fantastic filigree cases are far from being artistic and have the disadvantage of collecting all the dust imaginable, Lastly, confine‘ your selec- tion to pianos built on the continent of America. Pianos made in other countries will not usually stand the Canadian climate.

GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

Great - Musicians

[ someone were to ask you about De Pachman or Ysaye, would you know who they are?

For your own information and as a matter of ed-

ucation, a knowledge of the life histories of the world’s great musicians is important.

Lives

To know where they were born, where they studied, how they became famous and whether they sing or play is just as necessary as knowing about the great politicians and orators of the world.

To have this knowledge is to be well informed.

Musical careers are intensely interesting. Some of the world’s greatest musicians started out with nothing more than a natural talent for music; no money, no education, no special advantages. How they climbed the ladder of success and reached the highest pinnacle of achievement in their chosen profession reads like a romance.

Every music lover should have a copy of “Art and the Critic.”” It is a valuable aid to the attainment of a musical

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Write for it NOW; you will find it not only fascinating, but delightfully entertaining and useful as well. Its pages are replete with beautiful halftone portraits of the world’s great musicians, together with accurate biographical sketches of their lives and achievements, and their facsimile signatures to their personally expressed opinions of the justly famous

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The lumber, lath, shingles, windows, storm sash (glazed), doors, storm doors, locks, hinges, nails, etc., sheathing and tar-paper, eave troughing and conductor pipe, paint and shingle stain for cottage as illustrated and fully described on this page. (Plans and bill of material supplied by G. G. Guide).

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If you have your bill of lumber ready send it to us, and without cost or obligation to you we will send you an estimate in detail of the exact cost of your bill delivered at your station.

The material we furnish is all No. 1 COAST FIR, and we guarantee all shipments to be up to the HIGHEST STANDARD OF QUALITY. You cannot afford to pay more than our prices. WRITE FOR LIST TODAY.

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GRAIN GROWERS’

GUIDE

November 10, 1915

Showing the graceful front porch and entrance

An Attractive Small Home

Guide House No. 2 is a very pleasing and compact little home

Last winter’s experiment in provid- ing our readers with attractive homes suitable for the farm met with such general favor on the part of The Guide readers that we have had a new series of eight houses prepared for us by an experienced architect. Into these houses we have put our own under- standing of farm conditions combined with the special knowledge and skill of an able architect. In our opinion the result is a unique collection of moder- ately priced houses possessing the qualities of practical utility and charm to an unusual degree, and coming as they do at a time when lumber and labor are exceptionally cheap they should prove especially acceptable.

The first of this series of houses, House Plan No. 2, is illustrated on this page. It is a very simple but delightful little bungalow consist- ing of four rooms and a wash room.

The back door, which is generally family door and company door, and practically the only door in use during the win- ter months, opens into a small back hall, with a view straight into the living room. It was so arranged in order that it should not be necessary to usher guests thru the kitchen before reaching the living room. To the left of the entry is a small wash room where the men, coming in from the fleld can wash up and leave their dusty smocks, without interfering with the busy housewife.

The living rodm is a very pleasant place, with a big bow window at one end and a glass door and windows at the other, opening onto a pretty little porch.

The bedrooms are a very fair size for a small house and well supplied with closet space and the kitchen is quite a generously proportioned room with good lighting.

Altogether it is as comfy and com- pact a little home as could possibly be contrived for the money, and it is unusually pretty in its exterior treat- ment, to boot.

This house is almost ideal in its ecom- plete fulfillment of all the require-

Living Ram: [| IZ'ox 180"

“GROVND Flak PLANs

ments of the small farm cottage. Planned on the Bungalow model it is all on one floor and effects the first saving necessary in a well planned house, viz., saving in steps.

The main or family living room is the centre of the house and controls all the balance of the rooms. The front entrance enters this room directly from the front porch and a comfortable bow window, that will give all sorts of en- couragement for winter flowers, looks out onto the activities of the farm yard. To the right -as we enter the living room are two bedrooms, one 9’ 0” .x 10’ 0”, and the other 10’ 0” x 10 0”, each with a commodious clothes closet. There is also a linen closet off the living room. On the op- posite side is the kitchen, with en- trance off the rear entry and also off this same rear en- try is a wash or store room large enough to contain all the outdoor boots and clothes and large enough to do the washing in if mecessary. There is a small rear porch which should prove a boon to the women of the family if it is screened. The outisde dimensiuus of this house are 24’0” x 34’0”, the floor edge grain fir, the finish plaster, heating hot air, the trim simple pilaster trim stained. The foundation can be concrete or stone, as the circum- stances warrant, as there is very little difference in the cost. A fireplace might well be added at a very little extra cost and without making any change on the plans.

The roof may be of wooden shingles, metallic or composition. The two latter will increase the cost but, in addition to wearing longer, will have the great ad- vantage of being fireproof. The walls may be of shingle or six-inch siding without difference in cost. Stain. or paint the roof (if wood) a dark bottle green and the walls a soft gold. The vine trellises and the trimmings should be painted ivory.

The cost of this house complete, in- cluding heating, according to the loca!- ity, will range from $1,500 to $4,750.

COST OF WORKING DRAWINGS Many of The Guide readers will desire to build this house for their own. In order to help them we have arranged to provide the complete working drawings and complete bill of materials (by which any experienced car-

penter may erect the house exactly as it is described) for the small sum

of $4.50.

Ordinarily such plans cost from $10 to $45. may be made in the plans by the carpenters if desired.

FARM BUILDINGS DEPT., GRAIN GROWERS’

Minor changes Address all orders:

GUIDE, WINNIPEG.

November 10, 1915

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THE GRAIN GROWERS’

SEED GRAIN AND POTATO DIS- TRIBUTION

By instructions of the Hon. Minister of Agriculture a free distribution of superior sorts of grain and potatoes will be made during the coming winter and spring to Canadian farmers. The samp!es will consist of spring wheat (about 5 lbs.), white oats (about 4 lbs.), barley (about 5 lIbs.), and field peas (about 5 lbs.). These will be sent out from Ottawa.

A distribution of potatoes (in 3 lbs. samples) will be carried on from several of the Experimental Farms, the Central Farm at Ottawa supplying only the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

Each application must be separate and must be signed by the applicant. Only one sample of grain and one of potatoes can be sent to each farm. lf both samples are asked for in the same letter, only one will be sent. Applica- tions on any kind of printed form cannot be accepted.

The destruction by fire of the cereal building at Ottawa, which contained grain-cleaning machinery and a large stock of seed grain for distribution, may make it necessary to curtail the distribution to a certain extent. We shall fill as many as possible of the applications which conform to the rules, but requests received after the end of December will probably be too late. Samples cannot be sent in response to applications (no matter when received) which fail to state clearly the needs of the applicant, his experiences in crop-raising, and the character of the soil on which he intends to sow the seed.

All applications for grain (and applica- tions from the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec for potatoes) should be addressed

to the Dominion Cerealist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Such ap- plications require no postage. If other-

wise addressed, delay and disappointment may occur.

Applications for potatoes from farmers in any other province should be addressed (postage prepaid) to the Superintendent of the nearest branch Experimental Farm in that province.

COOKING APPLES

The following recipes are supplied by the British Columbia government and coming from an apple country should be good.

Clarified Apples

Make a syrup of 2 cups of sugar and 1 cup of water. Pare, core and cut into sixths 6 large, tart apples. Cook a few at a time in the syrup until clear, remove and drain; add the rind and juice of 4 lemon to the syrup, boil until thick, remove the lemon rind and pour over the apples.

Afterthought

One pint of nice apple sauce, sweetened to taste, stir in the yolks of 2 eggs, well beaten. Bake for 15 minutes. Cover with a meringue made of 2 well beaten whites and 4% cup of powdered sugar. Return to the oven and brown.

Apple Balls with a Mixture of Fruit

Peel large apples, with a potato scoop cut out small balls, dropping them into water with a little vinegar added to keep them white. Prepare a mixture of grape fruit pulp, pineapple and banana, and put into glasses; add a few of the apple balls; pour over all the juice left from the fruit which has been boiled down with sugar; cool and serve at once, or the apples may turn brown.

Apple Balls Served in Syrup

Prepare the apple balls as above; pre- pare a rich sugar syrup; color with a little pink color paste and drop in the balls, cook slowly until the balls are softened, pile in glasses and add a little syrup to each glass. Serve cold.

Brown Betty

One cup of bread crumbs, 8 sliced apples, 4% cup of molasses, 44 cup of cold water; butter a baking dish, put a layer of crumbs, then a layer of apples, sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar and dot with bits of butter; repeat until the dish is full; insert a knife in several places and pour in the water and molasses. Set in a pan of hot water and bake for forty- five minutes. Serve hot with cream or hard sauce.

GUIDE (1503) 17

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Farmers Sawmill & Shingle Co.

P.O. Drawer 670 - VANCOUVER, B.C.

When You Build, Use

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‘Nin.

18 (1504)

WHEN WRITING TO

THE

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Not only does the Alpha work well, or does anything else that you but it wears well, because it is made want it to do. It’s certainly a from the very best material and its great labor saver on the farm.

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Hog Questions

A copy of the Latest Authoritative Veterinary Swine Book, ‘‘Five Hundred Questions Answered About Swine,”’ is almost certain Hog Insurance. This latest manual for Hog Breeders and Feeders, just published, actually contains answers to 526 live questions, which were really asked by Hog Breeders within the past five years. The questions relate to Breeding, Mating, the Choice of Breeds, Feeding, Fattening, Management, Diseases, etc., of Swine. The questions and answers are carefully arranged and the complete index enables one to find at a glance the answer to the question he has in mind. The Veterinary Department is so complete that a copy of this book in the hands of a breeder will pay for itself

Ee L.H. COOCH

"answers are wholly dependable and come from the practical experience of the largest

Swine Breeders and Feeders in the West and the most authoritative vet- 25c

OMAP AT ES PORE BNO 6 e y aoey Cana ura cin fale Ghee BEAN eee ele ee os iphelpiben teats

Home Pork Makin

By A. W. FULTON

The art of curing and preserving pork on the farm is not by any means generally known. Every person can kill a pig, but not every person can kill and dress

GRAIN GROWERS’

ADVERTISERS PLEASE MENTION THE GUIDE

a pig properly and very few persons can cure and reserve the pork to retain its best flavor. This k is a complete guide for the slaughtering, curing, preserving and storing of pork, and instruc- tions are given for the apparatus necessary for slaughtering, scalding, dressing and cutting. Direc- tions are given for making the best use of the offal, lard making, pickling, barreling, curing the hams and shoulders, dry salting the bacon and sides. Directions are also given for smoking, and several different types of smoke houses are described that could be easily and cheaply built on the farm. Not the least valuable part of the book is that containing a large number of recipes for cooking pork in different ways. This is a book valuable not only to the farmer, but also to his wife. There has been a great demand for it all over the West, and wherever a copy is found in a house, it will pay for itself many times over, and will make the pork industry more profitable and pork a more popular dish on the table. RRC DALE oie ive eee ooh bia cree MWR Ee ee ta 55

THOME PORK MAKING

A.W. FULTON

Farmer’s Tanning Guide

By GEORGE EDGAR STEVENS

This book contains all the que ways of tanning, from twenty minutes to six weeks. It is not intended as a full and complete ope of scientific principles, but phe all of the simplest methods that can be followed by an inexperienced person. ‘armers’ boys can tan cat, dog, wolf, badger and sonee skins, for making robes, mats and mittens for family and neighbors. Among the important subjects dis- cussed are:— 4 Tanning fur skins; sheep, dog, wolf and badger skins. Tanning calf skins, muskrat, etc. Deer skins, sheep skins for mats, wood-chuck skins with and without the hair, rabbit skins, étc.. How to make rubber water-proofing for boots, axle grease, tools for tanning. How to color glove leather. Nature of ingredients used in the tanning processes. Tanning leather. ‘To loosen fur, hair or wool. Grain blacking, how made and put on. Tanning harness leather, raw-hide, deer skins for gloves and graining, and other skins for various purposes. A valuable little book that will be appreciated by industrious farmers who desire to make a little money during their spare time and utilize skins and furs that perhaps would otherwise be wasted. Postpaid............6:6seueeeee se eens 25c

CASH WITH ORDER

Book Dept., The Grain Growers’ Guide, Winnipeg, Man.

GUIDE

The Mail Bag

Continued from Page 9

yet when he has a larger area and is owner, or can secure the services, of a machine that is operating on a_ circuit that under normal conditions will take no longer to thresh than it would take the individuals comprising the group to stack their grain, then in my experience by far the most profitable system to follow is that of ‘stook” threshing.

Our seasons are so short that with the | large acreage seeded by individual farmers ,

it is quite impracticable to stack all the grain and thresh it out of the stack before intensely cold weather sets in, and only those who have experienced the incon- venience and discomfort, to say nothing of possible actual suffering at times,. can fully appreciate the necessity of getting the work out of the way at the earliest possible moment even at the risk of loss of a grade and the possible waste of a bushel or so an acre from sprouted grain.

Whether or not such large areas should be seeded, taking into consideration the limited labor factor, is another considera- tion and will also be decided by the farmers themselves: but it must not be forgotten that these same Wise Men, aided by the over officious Dominion department of agriculture, less than a year ago were urging the Canadian farmer to plant every available acre with wheat.

fhe folly of these suggestions was evident to many at the time, and Mr. Hopkins in his address at the Saskatche- wan convention in February last hit the mark when he stated that with wheat at $1.50 per bushel it would be impossible to prevent the planting of it with the aid of a club. Efforts to restrain seeding except on propetly prepared land would have been more appropriate from such authorities.

The threshing of our crops is the most costly, and one of the most important, of the operations of the year’s work and I think that in the near future considerable change will be brought about, for the day of the custom thresher seems to me to be drawing to a close, the short season (averaging not over 25 or 30 days) makes the undertaking a most unprofitable in- vestment as interest and capital charges for the whole year have to be charged up against a few days’ work.

The solution of the problem will, it seems to me, be found in the smaller outfit, say 24 inch or 26 inch separator driven by a 20 to 30 brake H.P. gasoline tractor, owned by groups of farmers whose combined crop area will lie around 500 or 600 acres. With such an outfit the threshing of the group can be com- pleted in the same length of time that it would take to stack the grain with their regular force, with perhaps the addition of a boy or two on the grain wagons or in the granary to shovel back.

Then, another great advantage, the tractor can be used in the heat of summer to help out the horses in summerfallowing and breaking, as but few can afford to keep sufficient equipment to get this work done at the right time.

Many farmers appear to be under the impression that it 1s the duty of some philanthropic neighbor to provide the necessary machinery for threshing their crops, but it: seems to me that under prevailing conditions as outlined above it would be just as reasonable to expect some outside agency to provide the binders for harvesting it.

F, J. COLLYER.

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION

Editor, Guide:—Apropos of the article on ‘Proportional Representation” in The Guide of September 29, I would like to emphasize two important points, viz., (1) that, the proposed multiple constituencies coupled with the one- man one-vote principle, would effectively weaken the power of money in elections, likewise the power of party organizations or machines; (2) these proposed large constituencies would insure the election of Pi pee well tried men, who today find themselves more bitterly assailed by their opposite party at election, solely because their influence is feared. Suc men would no longer require to pander to the wishes of any unscrupulous group of heelers or supporters who, by deserting to the opposition, could endanger the election of the candidate in question.

_ These are two points that will most interest the public today who are heart- sick and well-nigh discouraged by the graft and corruption now proven to be rampant in Canadian politics.

Estevan, Sask. T. M. BRYCE.

November 10, 1915

AMERICAN CREAM Wi

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our handsome free catalog. Address:

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Dobell

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The Carrier For You

[% choosing a-litter carrier, one should consider all of the equipment necessary for a complete outfit: Carrier, Track, Hangers, Switches, and Swing Pole fittings, Do not place an order before learning of the many distinctive features to be found in Louden Equipment.

LOUDEN

Litter Carrier

—is simple in construction, and easily operated. Carrier box is made of heavy galvanized steel, strongly re- inforced with angle iron. Worm hoisting Rear insures maximum speed and power.

rack is of high carbon steel and is easily installed.

Write to-day for Illustrated Catalogue.

Our architectural department will supply free Barn plans.

the Louden Hardware Specialty Co. 656 Martin Ave. - WINNIPEG

A husky trouble chaser. Will pump water, churn, separate cream, run grindstone and do other SnOres: jpeuat nen sour lays by tening your labors. Write for cata- logue. Sizes ap to 15 HP Gilson Mfg. Company, Boa 671, Dept. B Winnipeg, Man

If you do not see what you want adver-~

tised In this Issue, write us and we will put you In touch with the makers.

November 10, 1915

POTATO CROP SHORT

The. past season, while it has produced the largest’ grain crop in the history of Canada, has been particularly unfavorable for the production of potatoes. Summer frosts, which occurred in some sections in every month, combined with dry weather at the time when the tubers were growing, reduced the yield in most parts of the West, while in the East blight and rot have been prevalent.

It-is not possible at this time to procure definite figures of the production for 1915, digging in some places not having been completed at the time of writing, but enquiry shows that the crop is consider- ably smaller than last year in all the provinces except Alberta and British Columbia and possibly Saskatchewan.

The total yield of potatoes in Canada in 1914, according to the Dominion statistician, was 85,672,000 bushels, and of this Ontario produced 25,772,000 bushels,

Half Crop in Ontario

The provincial department of agricul- ture places last year’s crop in Ontario at 26,717,587 bushels, and writing to The Guide with regard to this year’s yield on October 20, the deputy minister of agriculture for the province nye “Tt is not expected that the crop this year will be more than half of last, perhaps not that, altho our acreage was slightly greater. The loss from rot and blight is reported so generally from all parts of the province that there seems to be little doubt but that the loss will be very heavy.”

Quebec last year grew over 21,000,000 bushels of potatoes, and while the depart- ment has not yet issued any estimate it is understood that conditions there are not much different from those in Ontario. These two provinces in normal years always produce fully one half of the potatoes grown in: the Dominion and cutting their crop in two thus reduces the total yield by 25 per cent. without considering the reduction in other pro- vinces. :

The Eastern Crop

The latest official report from Prince Edward Island estimates a yield of 4,000,000 bushels compared with 6,000,000 last year, while Professor Cumming, secretary of agriculture for Nova Scotia, expresses the opinion that the yield in his province will not exceed three quarters of last year’s crop, which was 7,033,116 bushels. The secretary of agriculture for New Brunswick writes that he expects the crop to be only half of last year’s, which was about ten and a half million bushels. _ War conditions are largely responsible for the short crop in New Brunswick, it being impossible to obtain potash for fertilization. In Manitoba, which last year produced 8,494,104 bushels, the potato crops are generally bad, a large percentage of the tubers being small. Saskatchewan fields also ree poor, but last year’s crop was small also.

Better Farther West

The two provinces which have increased their production of potatoes this year are Alberta and British Columbia. Alberta last year produced about 6,000,000 bushels and the department of agriculture estimates 8,500,000 for this year. British Columbia has a larger acreage in potatoes and the provincial horticulturist. writes that the yield is expected to amount to over. 3,000,000 bushels, compared with 2,800,000 last year. These figures do not include the potatoes grown in home gar- dens or in small patches. Every city in the West has had its vacant lots blooming with potato patches this year and this will solve the problem of the winter’s supply for many city dwellers. In the aggregate, however, it will not greatly affect supply and demand, for after all it was only a small fraction of the

eople who took advantage of vacant ot gardening. Prices Will Advance

It must be evident from the facts given above that there is a great shortage of potatoes in the country, the increase, of 3,000,000 bushels in Alberta and British Columbia being insignificant beside the decrease in the rest of Canada. Dealers at present are getting plentiful supplies for which they are paying only about 50 cents a bushel in carload lots and retailers are'selling in Winnipeg at 75 to 80 cents. It is safe, however, to predict that the scarcity will soon make itself felt in smaller supplies and higher prices.

THE GRAIN GROWERS’

Your Gains Grow

as the Grain Goes

If you use The Grain Growers’ Grain Company Ltd. as your partner

Top Prices Prompt Returns Liberal Advances

REGINA, SASK CALGARY, ALTA FORT WILLIAM,ONT,

Protection orFree Trade

@ and give everybody a square’ deal.

It will depend very much upon the work of the organized farmers to break down the protective tariff in Canada

GUIDE

If you are consigning your grain (and those who consign are the ones who are making the money this year) just

send it forward to us with your instruc- tions. They will be carried out promptly and

exactly.

car is loaded, wire or phone us for a bid.

In either case connection with “GGG means

money in your pocket.

are supporting a company that is organized,

Your Interests are Our Interests

The Gain Gow ers (rain @. Branches at

Winnipeg -Manitoba

Any. intelligent @

farmer who understands how the protective tariff robs

him and his family will be a bitter enemy against the protective tariff system. But thousands of our farmers do not yet under- stand the iniquity of the protective system. Get them to read carefully a Sony of Henry George’s famous book, “Protection or Free Trade,”’ and they wi

see the light and become free traders. in this country is to increase the number of voters who believe in free trade. |

The only way to get free trade

The protective tariff robs the average farmer and his family of $200 each year. Are you willing to spend one dollar in the campaign to educate other farmers to the benefits of free trade. We have a number of copies of Henry George's “Protection or Free Trade” which we purchased at a low price. We are going to mail them out to any address while they last at 6 cents per copy or 17 copies for $1.00. Who will send us $1.00 for 17, copies of this book to distribute among their neighbors, or send us $1.00. with 17 names and addresses in

Canada and we will mail out a copy of the book to each address from this office?

Book Dept., Grain Growers’ Guide = Winnipeg

If you prefer to sell as soon as. your

It also means that you

owned and operated by farmers.

‘per cent.

iP YOUR

FURS AND HIDES

To McMILLAN FUR & WOOL CO.

Write for Circular

WINNIPEG, MANITOBA

(1505) 19

Age ne y at NEW WESTMINSTER British Columbia

Get a Farm of Your Own TAKE 20 YEARS TO PAY

if you wish. The land will support you and pay for itself. An immense area of the most fertile land in Western Canada for sale at low prices and easy terms, ranging from $14 to $30 for farm lands with ample rainfall—trrigated lands from $35. Terms -——-One-twentieth down, balance within twenty years. In irrigation districts, loan for farm buildings, etc.,.up to $2,000, also repayable in twenty years——interest only 6 Here is your opportunity to in- crease your farm. holdings by getting ad- joining land, -or secure your ‘friends as nei ae For literature and particulars apply to

F. W. RUSSELL, Land Agént

WINNIPEG, MAN.

THICK, SWOLLEN

that make a horse Wheeze, OAD Roar, have Thick Wind \ or Choke-down, can’ be reduced with

also any Bunch or Swelling. No blister, no hair gone, and horse kept at work. Con- centrated—only a few drops required at an application, $2 per bottle delivered, Book 3 K free, ABSORBINE, JR., antiseptic liniment for man- kind, reduces Cysts, Wens, Painful, Knotted Varicose Veins, Ulcers. $1 and $2 a bottle at

dealers or delivered. Book ‘‘Evidence’’ free, W.E. YOUNG, P.D.¥, 495 Gymans Bldg.,Montreal, Can, Absorbine and Absorbine, Jr, are made in Canada,

20 (1506) } THE GRAIN

Vessot Feed Grinders

J HAT better recommendation than this could a feed grinder have—‘‘It grinds flax, barley, corn, crushed ear cor, oats, wheat, rye, peas, buck-

wheat, screenings of any kind of mixed grain or any other feed stuff, fine or coarse as desired, and removes foreign substances.”

“It grinds all feed stuff’—because of its excellent grinding

lates. So well known are the original Vessot plates, and so ighly regarded by all who know them, that imitations are appearing. To insure our customers getting genuine plates, we have arranged to have the trade-mark, “'S. V.”’, ne er every pean Vessot plate so plainly that you cannot go wrong. ook for the ‘‘S. V.”’

Vessot grinding plates do their work so uniformly well that a clean, satisfactory job is assured. The two-sieve spout removes all foreign matter, from nails and stones to dust andsand, One caution cule ower steady, reliable power to drive a Vessot grinder, such power as is furnished by an International Harvester oil engine—Mogul or Titan.

Buy a Vessot feed grinder in the size best suited to your work and a Mogul or Titan oil engine to run it.

See the I H C local dealer, or write to the nearest branch house for full information.

International Harvester Company of Connie; Ltd.

BRANCH HOUSES

Ab Decides; Coliery, Udniooton, Enarsn, Hamilton, Lathbctitee,; Linden, 0 Herre ee ee ina sesketeras Gt Joka Wastenk, Taikon

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D. W. WARNER & SONS, Edmonton and Tofleld, Alta.

Registered’ Berkshire Hogs. We have a number of choice young Berkshire boars and sows from our well-known prolific strain, long bacon type, all from large healthy litters. This 1s an ex- ceptional opportunity to get into pure-bred hogs before prices rise, as there is certain to be a

Pure-bred Milking Shorthorns. A few young bulls from the best Canadian and American stock, from which we have been breeding successfully for over thirty years. All our stock has been carefully selected for both milk and beef. Herd

bulls ‘Dakota Chief’? and “Braemar Mackay’ (dam _ ‘‘La MacKay U,"’ Sedgwick» Demonstra- big demand for breeding stock this fall. Pedi- grees guaranteed.

tion Farm). For further particulars call or write— SUNNYSIDE STOCK FARM

Prices Reasonable.

GOLD BAR STOCK FARM BEAVER MEADOWS STOCK FARM

H. D. Warner, Manager ‘ A. C. Dodds, Manager J, B. Warner, Manager Drawer 399, Edmenten Box 82, Tofield, Box 136, Tofleld

D. W. WARNER, EDMONTON, ALTA., Genera Manager

Shippers and Trappers

ek Se 1 We Buy for Cash and Pay FU RS | Highest Prices forall kinds of

Send today for our Free

Price List and let us prove to you that we actually pay more E c than any other house for Fine Fox, Mink, Marten, Rat, Lynx, Wolf and all other Furs, Hides and Ginseng. p

hy4 tf | Sad 4

ie) | A

We offer you best facilities in America for handling all

our furs. Send for Free Price List and Shippers’

A o commission charged. ROGERS FUR COMPANY, Dept. 433 St. Louls, Mo.

Sol 2 OO A RE ee ee ee ee ee ee ee el

‘ags.

Co-operation

“PRS is the age of co-op- erative buying. Send us your address and let us tell you how to buy by this plan. The Flour that

is always good.

ard HUNGARIAN 300 Barrels ECHO MILLING COMPANY 1 244 LBS.

GLADSTONE, MAN.

WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS, PLEASE MENTION THE GUIDE

GROWERS’

GUIDE

November 10, 1915

Grading Dressed Poultry

By M. C. Herner, Professor of Poultry Husbandry

Manitoba Agricultural College

At present we have no regular or uni- form system of grading dressed poultry. Practically each dealer has a system of his own which he follows out in his own business in such a way as to meet his own immediate requirements. ‘There is, however, no recognized standard by which all poultry is graded. The dealer who handles a large quantity would naturally have the most complete system of grading and the consumer might probably expect from him the best value for his money. The smaller dealer bothers very little with any system whatever of grading his poultry. What we need is a standard that is good for all markets and one that will? meet the requirements of all dealers both large and small. We need a uni- form system of grading so that ‘select, extra, choice, No. 1 or No. 2, or what- ever terms we may wish to use, will mean the same to all dealers, butchers and so on in a city or town, or thruout our entire country from East to West.

It is rather difficult for the farmer to follow out a systematic method or system of grading in that he usually has not the quantity to select from to make it worth while doing much grading, but, at the same time, when his stock goes on the market, it will be graded and he will receive payment according to quality. It might, however, be well for the farmer to have a general knowledge of how his poultry is likely to be graded or what constitutes a certain grade, then, on receiving his returns, he should be able to judge for himself whether or not he got a square deal. Too many farmers do not know what a really first class carcass looks like and as a result they are dissatisfied when the dealer sends payment if they do not get the amount they expected.

Grades Suggested

A carcass to grade out No. 1 extra should be practically a perfect specimen both as to quality and amount of flesh on carcass. It should have no pin feathers, bruises, breaks or tears in the skin or flesh. Where more than one is placed in a package or case they should not vary more than one quarter of a

ound in weight. The skin color and eg color should be the same in all carcass- es. Breast bones must be straight, of good length and _ well covered. No deformities of any kind in confirmation are allowable. Carcasses, to grade out this class, must necessarily be the very choicest specimens.

The next highest grade might be termed No. 1 select. Birds in this class must be well fattened and fleshed, have straight breast bones, with no deformities in conformation of any kind, tears or breaks in the skin are not to exceed ¥% inch in length and not more than one allowed on each specimen. Carcasses must be free of pin feathers. Skin and leg color of all carcasses in case should be the same, and the weight of each carcass should not vary more than one quarter of a pound.

For No. 1 stock the birds must again be well fattened and fleshed, properly killed and plucked as clean as possible. They may show tears or breaks on the skin, but they must not exceed 114 inches in length and not. more than three on each specimen. Slightly crooked breast

bones, but no other deformities of con-,

formation are allowable. Leg and skin color of all carcasses should be the same except in the case of black legs, when the case or package should be so marked.

No. 2 stock should show a little fat on the back and on the pelvic bones. The carcassés must be plucked clean. No. 3 class would take in all other carcasses fit for food. To any of. the foregoing grades might be added any registere mark or words might be used to designate any particular method of feeding or handling, that is to say, a box of twelve chickens might be marked “No.