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VOLUMK X2*

SPHINX EREMITUS

EDITED BY THE

Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C,

HEAD MASTER OF TKINITY COLLEGE SCHOOL.

PORT Hope, Ontario.

ASSISTED BY

Dr. James Fletcher and W. H. Harrington, Ottawa
H. H. Lyman, Montreal ; and Rev. T. W.
Fyles, D.C.L, South Quebec.

ILontion, ®nt. :
The London Printing and Lithographing Company. Limited.

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■53.7 S'fo

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME XXX.

ASHMEAD. W. H Washington, D. C.

BAKER. CARL F Auburn, Alabama.

BANKS. NATHAN Washim.ton, 1). C.

BETHUxXE. REV. C. [. S. (The Editor) Port Hope, Ont.

BIRD, HENRY " Rve, N. Y.

BLATCHLEV, \V. S Indianai'Oi is, Ind.

BOGUE, E. E Stillwater. Oklahoma.

CHITTENDEN, F. H Washington. D. C.

COCKERELL, T. D. A Mesilla, New Mexico.

COOLE\", R. .\ Amherst, Mass.

COt^UILLETT, D. W Washington. D. C.

CURRIE. ROLLA P Washington. D. C.

DOD, F. H. WOLLEV. . Calgary, Aiher ta.

DUNxMNG. S. N Hartford, Conn.

DYAR, DR. HARRISON G Washington, D. C.

EDWARDS, W. H Coalburi;, West Va.

EHRHORN, E. M Mountain View. Cal.

FALL, H. C Pasadena, Cai .

FLETCHER. DR. JAMES Ottawa.

FYLES. REV. DR. T. W South Qus^BEt •

GRANT, C. I-: Orillia. On r.

GROTE, PROF. A. RADCLIFFE Hildesheim. (;ermany.

HAN HAM, A. W Winnipeg.

H ARRINCiTON, W. H Ottawa.

HEATH, E. FIRMSTONE Cartwright, Manitoba.

HOLLAND, REV. DR. W. T Pittsburg, Pa.

HOPKINS. PROF. A. D.. .". Morgantown. West Va.

HOWARD. DR. L. O Washington. D. C.

HULST. REV. G. D Brooklyn, N. V.

HUTCHINSON. H Kinosota. Manitoba.

JOHNSON. PROF. W. G College Park. Maryland.

JOHNSTON. [AMES Hamilton, Ont.

KEEN, REV. "I. H Massett, Q. C. Islands, B. C.

LINELL, M. L Washington, D. C.

LOUNSBURY. C. P Cape Town, Africa.

LUCOCK, FRANK Pittsburg, Pa.

LYMAN. HENRY II Montre.m..

MARL.A.TT, C. L Washington, D. C.

MOFFAT. J. ALSTON London, Ont.

OTTOLENGUI, DR. R New York.

PERGANDE, THEODORE Washington, D. C.

ROBERTSON, CHARLES Carlinyille, III.

SCUDDER, DR. SAMUEL H Cambridge, Mass.

SLINGERLAND, M. V Ithaca, N. Y.

SMITH, PROF. TOHN B New Brunswick, N. T.

SNYDER, MRS. A. J Belyidere, III.

STEDMAN, PROF. " J. M Columbia, Mo.

STEVENSON, C. . .". Montreal.

TAYLOR. REV. G. W ... Gabriola Island, B. C.

TINSLEY. PROF. J. D Mesilla Park. New Men.

WALKER, E. M. . ." Toronto.

WEBSTER. PROF. F. M Wooster, Ohio.

WICKHAM, PROF. H. F Iowa City, Iowa.

Can. Ent., Vol. XXX.

Plate

JAMES FLETCHER, LL.D., F.R.S.C, F.L,S.,

PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, IE

(|e faiiailian Jntonmlaifibt.

Vol. XXX. LONDON, JANUARY, 1898. No. i.

JAMES FLETCHER, LL. 11, F. R. S. C, F. L. S.

We are happy to be able to begin the thirtieth volume of the
Canadian Entomologist by presenting to our readers an excellent
portrait of Dr. James Fletcher, whose name is a household word among
entomologists, not only in Canada, but throughout North America, and
in many parts of the world besides. Born and educated in England, Dr.
Fletcher came to this country, when a young man, as a junior officer in the
Bank of British North America, and soon began to devote his leisure hours
to the study of insects and plants. Findmg the work of a bank by no means
congenial to his literary and scientific tastes, he obtained a position as
assistant in the Library of Parliament at Ottawa. It was not long before
his talents and attainments in botany and entomology became widely
known, chiefly through his contributions to this magazine and the annual
reports of our Society. His first paper in the latter was an article on
Canadian Buprestidae, which was published in 1878, while his first contri-
bution to this magazine appeared in January, 1880. During all the years
that have followed no volume of either publication has been issued with-
out some valuable articles from his pen.

In 1878 he became a member of the Council of the Entomological
Society of Ontario, and every year since has been elected to hold some
office in the Society, being four times vice president, and for three years,
1886-8, president. h\ 1879 ^^"^ ^^^^ o'^^ of ^^^^ originators of the Ottawa
Field Naturalists' Club, the most successful society of the kind in the
Dominion, and more recently he suggested, and by his influence and
energy accomplished, the formation of the important Association of
Economic Entomologists of North America.

The first official recognition of his attainments was in 1885, when he
was appointed Honorary Entomologist to the Department of Agriculture
at Ottawa, and in that capacity, though much hampered by his duties in
the library, he published a valuable report on the injurious insects of the
year. Two years later his present position of Entomologist and Botanist
to the Experimental Farms of the Dominion was conferred upon him. In

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the ten years that have now gone by, he has done an enormous amount
of valuable work, as shown in his annual reports and evidence before the
Standing Committee of the House of Commons on Agriculture, his
voluminous correspondence with farmers and fruit-growers all over the
Dominion, and his addresses to Farmers' Institutes and other gatherings.
No one in this country has done so much as he to instruct the people in
a practical knowledge of their worst insect foes and the best methods of
dealing with them, while probably no one but he could have given the
Province of Manitoba the information and the advice that he has repeat-
edly afforded by his lectures, addresses, and publications on the noxious
weeds of that portion of the Dominion. All his friends will, we are sure,
unite with us in the earnest wish that he may long be spared to carry on
his admirable work, which is of such vast importance, not only to those
directly interested in the products of the soil, but to all the dwellers
throughout this wide Dominion.

A GENERIC REVISION OF THE LACHNEID^E
(LASIOCAMPID^:).

BY HARRISON G. DVAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The genera of the same regions are included in the present paper as in
a former one on Hypogymnidse (Can. Ent., XXIX., 12). The palsearctic
Lachneids of the old world have been admirably treated by Aurivillius
(Iris, Dresden, vii., 121-185), and I am indebted to his work for valuable
information, as well as to the works of Kirby and Hampson. In going
over the literature I did not always confirm Kirby's types of the genera ;
but rather than disturb the matter again, I have accepted them as
modified by Aurivillius; but with the restoration of Hubner's Tentamen
names, I drop Gastropacha, as it is a synonym of Lasiocampa, being
proposed in the same sense to include all the species of the family.
Following VVallengren, I separate catax and rimicola from Eriogaster as
defined by Aurivillius for convenience in the table, though I do not doubt
that the venation is as variable as Aurivillius states (Iris, vii., 147). I
cannot separate the new genus Paralebeda, Auriv., from Odonestis by
anything that is stated.

The oldest plural lerni for the family is again Hi.lbner's Lachneides,
and must form the family name as shown by Grote.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3

The synoptic table is followed by a list of genera and species. Only
those species are placed which I have either seen or could determine
from recent works ;

1. Secondaries with veins 7 and 8 from intercostal cell, the bar short, or

vein 7 from the subcostal vein 2.

Secondaries with very large intercostal cell, vein 7 near 6 ; the bar
long 23.

2. Primaries 9 long and narrow, apex produced 3.

Primaries broader 5-

Wings of female absent 30.

3. Primaries with veins 8 to 10 stalked Bhima.

Primaries with vein 8 not stalked ... 4.

4. Secondaries with veins 4 and 5 stalked Taragama.

Secondaries with veins 4 and 5 from the angle of the cell. . ..SuaJia.

5. Costa of secondaries highly excised Lebeda.

Costa of secondaries slightly or not at all excised 6.

6. Primaries with veins 6, 7 free or stalked ; 6 to S stalked ; 4, 5 of

secondaries as above 7-

Primaries with 6 to 8 stalked; 3 to 5 of secondiries '^\xWQd..Syrastrena.
Primaries with veins 7 and 8 stalked 21.

7. Outer margin of primaries evenly rounded 8.

Outer margin of primaries crenulate Detidroliinus.

Primaries with the outer margin angulated and excised .... Bhareita.

8. Palpi long 9-

Palpi short 10.

9. Veins 6 and 7 of primaries from cell Arguda.

Veins 6 and 7 stalked Odonestis.

I o. Cell of both wings closed 1 1 •

Cell of primaries closed, of secondaries open 20.

Cell of both wings open Trabala.

I I. Very large (80 to 1 10 mm.) ; primaries rather elongated . . Pachypasa.

Smaller, primaries trigonate ; veins 4 and 5 of secondaries from

the cell 12.

I 2. Female with large, thick, hairy anal tuft Eriogaster.

Female without this tuft 13.

13. Veins 9 and 10 of primaries on a stalk half way to apex or less. . . 14.
Veins 9, 10 on a stalk more than half way to apex of wing 18.

14. Small species, wings short, 7, 8 of secondaries stalked from narrow

and very small intercostal cell . . .- 17.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Moderate sized, 7, 8 from distinct, elliptical, intercostal cell 15.

Moderate sized ; veins 6 to 8 of primaries stalked. . Edwardsimemna.
15. Sexes similar, wings broad 16.

Sexes dissimilar, wings more elongate Gloveria.

16 Intercostal cell of secondaries half as long as A\?,c?i\ c€W. . . Lasiocampa.

Intercostal cell of secondaries shorter Macrothylacia.

17. Veins 4 and 5 of secondaries from angle of cell Trichiura.

Veins 4 and 5 of secondaries stalked Chilena.

18. Vein 8 of primaries from cell ; 4, 5 of secondaries from

eel! Poecilocampa.

Vein 8 on a stalk ; 4, 5 of secondaries from cell ; antennae short. . 19.
Vein 8 on a stalk ; 4, 5 of secondaries stalked Hypopacha.

19. Thorax evenly haired Artace.

Thorax or base of abdomen with a patch of long spatulate

hairs Tolype.

20. Outer margin of both wings crenulate Crinocraspeda.

Outer margin entire Malacosoma.

2 [. Primaries with vein 6 from the cell 22.

Primaries with vein 6 stalked with 7 and 8 Alompra.

22. Female with a large abdominal tuft of hairs ; veins 4, 5 of secondaries

from cell Lachneis.

Female without this tuft ; veins 4, 5 of secondaries stalked Kosala.

23. Primaries with the stalk of 9, 10 short, less than half way to apex. . 24.

Primaries with the stalk long, more than half way to apex 27.

Primaries with the stalk reaching the apex, vein 10 ^h^Qnl.IIeteropacha.

24. Primaries short, apex rounded Lenodora.

Primaries longer, apex square or acute , 25.

25. Palpi long Cosmotriche.

Palpi short 26.

26. Outer margin of primaries crenulate ; head prominent. .Seleiiephera.
Outer margin entire ; head sunken , . Diplura.

27. Secondaries with vein 3 from the cell 28.

Secondaries with veins 3 to 5 stalked Estigena.

28. Palpi long; anal angle of primaries slightly emarginate 29.

Palpi short ; anal angle of primaries with a square noic\\. Epicnaptera.

29 Primaries produced at ape.\-,outer margin very ohWqwQ. Stenophylioides.

Primaries broader ; outer margin convex, crenulate Eutricha.

30. Fore wings of male with 12 veins; female without woolly anal
tuft Eustaud'mgerta.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Fore wings with 1 1 veins

Bhima, Moore.

undulosa, Walk.
Taragama, Moore.

siva, Lef.

dorsalis, Walk.
Suana, Walker.

cdncolor, Walk.
Lebeda, Walker.

nobilis, Walk.
Syrastrena, Moore.

minor, Moore.
DendroliviHs, Germar.

pini, Linn.
Bharetta, Moore.

cinnamomea, Moore.

flammans, Hampson.
Arguda, Moore.

flavivittata, Moore.

bherola, Moore.

rosea, Hamps.

vinata, Moore

rectilinea, Hamps.

decurtata, Moore.

albigutta, Walk.
Odo?iestis, Germar.

pruni, Linn.

hyrtaca, Cram.

punctata, Walk.

latipennis, Walk.

aconyta. Cram.

nanda, Moore.

fulgens, Moore.

lidderdahlii, Biitl.

ani])la, Walk.

undans, Walk.

rei)anda, Walk.

; female with woolly anal X.w{x...Chondrostega.

recta, Walk,
obliquifascia, Swinhoe.
plagifera, Walk.
Trabala, \A'alker.
vishnu, Lef.
irrorata, Moore.

Pachypasa, Walker,
otus, Drury.

Trichiura, Stephens.*

cratKgi, Linn.

ilicis, Ramb.

khasiana, Moore.
Chilena, Walker.

similis, W^alk.

strigula, Walk.
Glover ia, Packard.

arizonensis, Pack.

dentata, Hy. Edw.

olivacea, Hy. Edw.

vcneiabilis, Hy. Edw.

gargamelle, Strecker.

diazoraa, Grote,

Howardi, Dyar.

dolores, Neum. & Dyar. ,
Lasiocampa, Schrank.

trifolii, Esper.

quercus, Linn.
Macrothylacia, Rambur.

rubi, Linn.
Edwardsiniemna, Neum. & Dyar.

jalapae, Hy. Edw.
Poecilocampa, Stephens.

populi, Linn.
Artace, ^^'alker.

punctisiriga, Walk.

*Thi5 name should not be
Euchroniiid;v.

confounded with Trichuia, Hubn., a genus of the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Tolype, Walker.

velleda, Stoll.

distincta, Moore.

laricis, Fitch.

brevicrista, Dyar.
Hypopacha, Neum. & Dyar.

grisea, Neiini.
Crinocraspeda, Hampson.

torrida, Moore.
Malacosoma, Hiibner.

neustria, Linn.

franconica, Esp.

intermedia, Mill.

alpicola, Stand.

castrensis, Linn.

luteus, Oberth,

testacea, Motsch.

indica, Walk.

americana, Fab.

fragilis, Stretch.

pluvialis, Dyar.

ambisimilis, Dyar.

californica, Packard.

constricta, Stretch.

disstria, Hiibn.
Alo?npra, Moore,

ferruginea, Moore.
Lachneis, Hubner.

catax, Linn.

rimicola, Hubn.
Eriogaster, Germar.

lanestris, Linn.
Kosala, Moore.

sanguinea, Moore.

modulata, Svvinhoe.

rufa, Hampson.

flavosignata, Moore.
Hete7-opacha, Harvey.

rileyana, Harv.

Lenodora, Moore.

vittata, Walk.

signata, Moore.

semihyalina, Swinhoe.
Cosinotric/ic, Hubner.

potatoria, Fabr.

laeta, Walk.

divisa, Moore.

castanea, Hamps.

signata, Moore.

isocyma, Hamps.

pyriformis, Moore.

lineata, Moore.
Se/empkera, Rambur.f

lunigera, Esp.
Dlplura, Rambur.

loii, Ochs.
Estigefia, Moore.

pardalis, Walk.
Epicnaptern, Rambur.

ilicifolin, Linn.

suberifolia, Dup.

tremulifolia, Hubn.

americana, Harr.

Dyari, Rivers,
Stenophylloides, Han)i)son.

sikkima, Moore.
Eutric/ia, Hubner.

quercifolia, Linn.

populifolia, Esp.

undulifera, Walk.

sinuata, Moore.

divaricata, Moore.
Eustaudingeria, Dyar.|

vandalicia, Mill.
C/iondrostcga, Lederer.

pastrana, Led.

subfasciata, Kbig.

farciana, Staud.

hyrcana, Staud.

palasstrana, Staud.

+Kirby (page 813J and Aurivillius are entirely at variance as to the type of this
genus. I follow the latter author, not having seen the original work.
JStaudingeria is preoccupied in the Pyralidiv,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES UPON SPHINX CATALP^ AT COALBURGH, W. VA.

BY W. H, EDWARDS, COALBURGH, W. VA.

I never had seen the imago of this species until the present year,
and never saw the larva before 1896. Mr. Bruce tells me that it is a
common species in parts of the Southern States, and that the eggs are
laid in clusters, and the caterpillars are gregarious. In this paper I give
simply my own observations. Early in August, 1896, I was asked what
caterpillars were defoliating the Catalpa trees at Charleston, W. Va. It
was said that some trees were completely stripped. I was unable to
answer the question, as no caterpillar was shown to me. On my return
home, I looked at my own Catalpa trees, and the first one that I hap-
pened on gave me a score or more of larvse, one or two on a leaf, on the
lower leaves of the tree. These larvae were three to four inches long, and
evidently had passed their last moult. One young tree, perhaps ten feet
in height, with a top six feet in diameter, had been completely stripped
of leaves. I found a single caterpillar of Catalpce on it, to show what had
done the mischief. I put the larva* into a large flowerpot two-thirds
filled with earth, and got, in a few days, some forty pupje. Supposing
these would go over to next year, I buried a {t\y!, and sent the rest to Mr.
Bruce. In about two weeks he discovered that the imagoes had come out
of his pupae, and on examining mine the same result appeared.

On 4th October I discovered that a new brood of the larvae was
feeding, from one inch to one and three-quarters inches long ; great num-
bers on a leaf. One had 23 larvie on, and it seemed as if every leaf on
the tree had more or less of them. I then went to a group of these trees
at three hundred feet distance, and found both young and nearly full-grown
larvae ; plenty of them. I reared thirty-six larvae to pup^e, and all had
changed by 23rd October. It was evident that there had been two
broods of larv;« between middle of July and October, and it was probable
that here was a most destructive species newly come into this region,
that must have at least three broods in the season. I expected to see the
trees stripped early in 1897, and that every Catalpa leaf thenceforward
would have a struggle to live.

In spring of 1897 the first imago from these pup;« emerged 18th May,
and by 25th I had nine, every one of them males. Of my 36 pupt^ this
was all the outcome. During the year I watched the Catalpa trees, but
found no larvae of the Sphinx, and no traces of them. The species, there.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

fore, disappeared as suddenly as it came, and we hope to see it no more.
I inquired in Charleston, but could learn of no appearance of the larvae
there. Certainly no Catalpa trees had been defoliated.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.

The annual meeting was held in London on the 12th and 13th of
October last, when the following were elected officers for the year 1897-8 :
President — Henry H. Lyman, M. A., Montreal.
Vice-President— ?io{t?,%ox J. H. Panton, M. A., F. G. S., Guelph.
Secretary — W. E. Saunders, London.
Treasurer — J. A. Balkwill, London.

Directors : Division No. i — W. H. Harrington, F. R. S. C, Ottawa.
Division No. 2 — J. D. Evans, Trenton.
Division No. 3 — Arthur Gibson, Toronto.
Division No. 4 — A. H, Kilnian, Ridgeway.
Division No. 5 — R. W. Rennie, London.
Ontario Agricultural College — Prof. J. H. Panton, Guelph,
Directors Ex-Officio ^Ex-Presidents of the Society) :

Professor Wm. Saunders, LL D., F.R.S.C, F.L.S.,

Ottawa.
Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C,

Port Hope.
James Fletcher, LL.D., F.R.S.C, F.L.S., Ottawa.
John Dearness, I.P.S., London.
Librarian and Curator — J. Alston Moffat, London.
Auditors — J. H. Bowman and Wm. Lochhead, London.
Editor of the Canadian Entomologist — Rev. Dr. Bethune, Port Hope.
Editifig Committee — Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, Montreal ;
Rev. T. W. Fyles, South Quebec; W. H. Harring-
ton, Ottawa ; James White, Snelgrove.
Delegate to the Royal Society — J. D. Evans, Trenton.
Delegates to the Western Fair — J. Dearness and W. E. Saunders, London.
Committee on Field Days — Drs. Woolverton and Hotson, Messrs. Ander-
son, Balkwill, Bowman, Elliott, Law, Rennie, Saun-
ders, and Spencer, London.
Library atid Rooms Committee — Messrs. Moffat, Bethune, Dearness,
Saunders, and Balkwill.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ON CUTEREBRA EMASCULATOR, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
SEVERAL ALLIED SPECIES.

P.V D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Cuterebra emasculator, Filch. — This species was supposed by Dr.
Brauer to be the same as his C. scutellai-is, but an examination of Fitch's
type, now the property of the National Museum, discloses the fact that it
is identical with C. fontinella, Clark. When describing the hairs of the
thorax as yellowish, Dr. Fitch had evidently examined them in a very
bright light, under which conditions they have a deceptive yellowish
appearance, but in reality are altogether black.

The following five species, which appear to be undescribed, belong
to the same group as fontinel/a, in which the hairs of the middle of the
mesonotum are black. They may be tabulated as follows :

T. Abdomen wholly polished, destitute of pollen 2.

Abdomen partly opaque poUinose, hairs of pleura largely or wholly
yellowish 4.

2. Hairs of pleura largely yellowish 3.

Hairs of pleura wholly black teiiebrosn.

3. Pleura vvith a cluster of black hairs above the centre, front of male

three times as wide as the distance between the two posterior

ocelli nitida.

Pleura destitute of a cluster of black hairs, front of male six times as
wide, etc polita.

4. With a cluster of black hairs above the centre of the pleura, front of

male three times as wide as the distance between the two posterior

ocelli lepivora.

Without this cluster, front of male six times as wide, etc .... latifrons.
Ctderebra lepivora, n. sp. — $ . Head black, destitute of light-
coloured pollen, front at narrowest point three times as wide as distance
between the two posterior ocelli, subopaque, an opaque streak of brownish
pollen on each lower corner contiguous to the eyes, hairs of front black,
several above the antennae yellow ; antennae black, apical two-thirds of
the arista and its hairs yellow ; face and cheeks sub-shining, rugose, an
opaque spot on each side of the face contiguous to the eyes, the hairs and
those of the occiput pale yellow. Thorax black, subopaque, hairs of the
dorsum black, a cluster above each wing and those of the pleura yellowish-
white, a cluster of black hairs midway between the wing and the head ;
pleura opaque, two polished black spots above each front coxa ; scutellum

10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

black, its hairs also* black. Abdomen shining steel-blue, the sides of the
first three segments partly brown poUinose, on the second segment
extending nearly halfway to the middle of the dorsum, leaving numerous
spots uncovered and polished, hairs of the abdomen, including those of
the venter, black. Legs black, the femora toward their bases whitish
pollinose, the hairs wholly black. Wings and calypteres brown.

9 . Same as the male, with these exceptions : Front nine times as
wide as distance between the two posterior ocelli ; face and cheeks
smooth, opaque brownish pollinose, the upper part of the face and two
spots each side, one of which is contiguous to the eye, the other nearly
midway between it and the mouth, polished black. Hairs of venter of
abdomen largely yellowish-white. Front femora each bearing a cluster of
whitish hairs on the under side a short distance before the tip.

Length of male, 19 mm.; of female, 22 mm. One specimen of each
sex. The female was bred by the writer froni a larva found in a cotton-
tail rabbit obtained near Anaheim, Cal. The male was collected July 28,
1896, at Corbett, Wyoming, by Mr. R. P. Currie.

Ciiterebra Jiitida, n. sp. — ^ . Differs from the above description of the
male of lepivora only as follows : Front subshining, two opaque spots of
brownish pollen each side contiguous to the eyes ; no yellow hairs above
the antennae. Abdomen wholly polished, destitute of pollen. Front
tibiae at base of outer side white pollinose. Length, 19 mm. Los Angeles
Co., Cal. One specimen, collected by the writer in September.

Cuterebra /ati/rons, n. sp. — S ■ Differs from the above description
of the male of lepivora as follows ; Front at narrowest part six times as
wide as the distance between the two posterior ocelli ; two opaque spots
of brownish pollen each side, contiguous to the eyes, face destitute of
opaque spots. Pleura destitute of a cluster of Wack hairs. Abdomen
reddish-brown, the last three segments partly covered with brownish
pollen, leaving numerous spots uncovered and i)olir)iied Front tibiae
white pollinose on the base of the outer side. Length, 17 mm. Los
Angeles Co., Cal. One sj^ecimen, captured by the writer in June.

Cuterebra polita, n. sp. — $, . Same as /ati/rons, except that the
lower part of the front and upper part of the face are narrowly bordered
with gray pollen next the eyes, and the abdomen is violet-black, wholly
polished and destitute of pollen, femora destitute of whitish pollen.
Length, 16 mm. National Park, Wyoming. One specimen, collected
August 3, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11

Cuterebra tenebrosa, n. sp. — $. Differs from lepivora as follows :
Front at narrowest point five times as wide as the distance between the
two posterior ocelli ; two spots of brownish pollen on each side of lower
part of the front next the eyes, and two on the sides of the face, but one
or more of them sometimes wanting ; hairs of the head and thorax wholly
black. Abdomen wholly polished and destitute of pollen. Tibi?e white
pollinose at the base of the outer side.

$ . Same as the male, except that the front is seven times as broad
as the distance between the two posterior ocelli.

Length of male, 20 mm.; of the female, 20 to 22 mm. Colorado, San
Jose (Mrs. A. E. Bush), and Siskiyon Co. (James Behrens), Cal.; and
Perry, Oregon. Eight males and three females.

All of the specimens upon which these descriptions are founded are
now the property of the National Museum.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON PAPILIO BAIRDII, Edw.

BY \V. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA.

On the 8th of June, 1897, I received from Mr. David Bruce, at
Glenwood Springs, Colorado, about 30 eggs, laid by a typical female of P.
Bairdii, confined over the food plant, Artemisia dracunculoides. These
soon began to hatch, and I gave them fennel, on which they thrived.

The first moult was passed on 13th and next days, the second moult
on 15th and next days. Two passed the third moult on 17th, and the
fourth on 19th and 20th. By 22nd all were past fourth moult. The first
pupa formed 24th, and by 25th, a. m., there were half a dozen pupK. The
last larva pupated on 28th, and I had in all 16 pupae.

The first imago came out 4th July, the last July 9th, and one pupa
will go over to 1898 or 9.

The outcome was as follows :

1 typical Oregonia $ .

in n %■

2 typical Brucei i, the cells of fore wings black instead of yellow,
and the other characteristic marks oi Brucei a.?, set forth in my paper in
Can. Ent.; also in vol. 3, Butt. N. A.

7 typical Bairdii (? .

11111$.

Three pupce dead.

Thus all three forms came from eggs of the single form Bairdii ? .

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ORTHEZIA.

BV j. D. TINSLEV, MESILLA PARK, NEW MEXICO.

Orthezia cheilanthi, n, sp. — Adult $. Length, 3.5 mm. Width,

"JO

mm. Length + ovisac, 6-8 mm. Width of ovisac, 3-4 mm.
Body above covered vi^ith white secretion, which forms lateral and sub.
dorsal longitudinal keels. A well-defined subdorsal furrow between the
keels and the lateral margin formed by 3 or more rows of plates; these
are smaller than the projecting marginal plates, which are flattened ;
caudal plate and the 3 or 4 plates on each side of it very little longer
than the lateral plates. The structure of the secretion is compact ; in
most of the other species of Orthezia it is fluffy.

Ovisac with distinct lop.gitudinal ridges above and nearly as distinct
ridges below.

Legs and antennae sepia brown, of nearly same shade throughout.
Tibia about as long as femur, tarsus about half as long as tibia, claw only
slightly curved. Femur 532 /x, tibia 471 //, tarsus 289 ji., claw 90 /x.
TibiiXi and tarsi with several rows of spines. Antennae
(Fig. i) with 8th joint longest, then 3rd, then ist, then 4th,
5 and 7 next and subequal, 2 and 6 shortest and subequal.
For measurements see figure. Formula S3i4(57)(26).
Derm with numerous small spines.
Larvce. — % . Legs and antenn;e sepia brown.
Tibiae decidedly longer than tarsi, claw long and slender,
slightly curved.

Antennae 6-jointed ; 6 the longest, but not so long as
3 + 4 + 5 ; 3 usually longer than 4 or 5 ; 5 shortest. Formula
- 631245.

Habitat. — In Canons of the Organ Mts. , New Mexico, on
Cheilanthes Fendleri, Hook, at altitudes from 4,500 to 7,500
KiG. I. fegt;_ The adult $ is usually found just beneath the surface
of the soil, and the larvae occur mostly upon the rachises of the fern.

Remarks. — This species is closely allied to O. a?mce, Ckll., but
differs from it in the following points :

(a) The secretion is more compact ; the space between the subdorsal

keels is wider and the keels are not so prominent. The mar-
ginal plates are more flattened.

(b) Colour of legs and antennae is uniform, while in annct the fenjora

and tarsi are much darker than the tibife,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(c) 111 annce joints i and 2 of antennie are equal, and 3 is a third
longer than 2, antennal formula being 83(i2)(45)(67).

Orthezia ^raminis, n. sp. — Adult 9 • Length, 2-3 mm. Width, 2
mm. Length + ovisac, 6-13 mm. Width of ovisac, 2.5 mm. Colour,
piceous. Body above with subdorsal and lateral keels ; between the
subdorsal and lateral keels the body is naked and shows up as a black
band on each side, so that the dorsum appears to have three white longi-
tudinal bands and two black longitudinal bands. Subdorsal keels slightly
widest posteriorly. Lamella^ of lateral keels lengthening posteriorly. All
the i)Osterior lamellcC about subequal, and free from the firm chalk-white
ovisac, which is longitudinally ridged dorsally and nearly smooth ven-
trally.

Legs and antennae dark sepia brown.

Terminal segment of antenna darker than the others.

Tibia slightly longer than the femur ; tarsus slightly more than half
as long as the tibia.

Claw large, nearly straight. Femur 547 //, tibia 593 />., tarsus 320 //,
claw 83 ji.

Spines on tibia and tarsus small and not very numerous.

Antennae (Fig. 2) with 3rd joint usually longest,
although 3 and S may be subequal j 7th joint always the
shortest; the other joints vary very much in their relative
lengths in different specimens, so that no accurate formula
can be given.

For measurements see figure. The antennre have a
^Qw small, scattered spines.

Lanice. — The larvte appear to have 3 black and 4
white longitudinal bands, since the body shows up black
between the subdorsal, and the subdorsal and lateral keels.
Legs and antenna? sepia brown. Tibitij and tarsi about sub-
equal in length, both shorter than the femure. Claw slender
and curved. Antennae 6-jointed ; 6 longest, but not quite
so long as 3 -f 4 -F 5 ; 2 and 4 usually longer than 3; all
very variable in relative lengths, so that no formula can be given.

Male unknown.

Habitat. — On culms and blades of grass, in the Mesilla Valley, New
Mexico. These specimens were collected near the A, & M, College
Farm, Sept. 26, 1897.

n

'■is

'5Z

U2.

14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This species is related to O. sonorensis, CklL, and O. nigrocincta,
CklL, but has a much longer ovisac than either of these. The arrange-
ment of the subdorsal lamellas is also different, and more. black shows on
the dorsum than in either of those species.

NOTE ON TRIGONALYS CANADENSIS, Hargtn.

BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, F. R. S. C, GABRIOLA ISLAND, B. C.

Wishing to obtain a series of males of our common ground wasps, I
paid a visit on the afternoon of October 21st to a large nest of Vespa
occidentalism Cresson, that I had noted some time previously near my
house. The day was dull and the wasps sluggish, but quite a number of
males and perfect females were crawling about around the entrance to the
nest. Among the wasps were some specimens of a conspicuous yellow
and black Hynienopteron unlike anything that I had seen before. I
secured nine specimens, all males, aad on my return home easily made
out by the help of Cresson's Synopsis that the insects belonged to the
genus Trigonalys. The next step was to turn to Harrington's paper in
the Can. Ent., XXVIII., page 108, and compare my specimens
with the description of the unique Trigonalys canadensis. Unfortunately,
all ray specimens were males, while Harrington's type was a female.
Consequently the description did not quite fit, but on the following day I
took three females and satisfied myself that the species I had found was
the genuine T. canadensis.

As the wasps' nest, and a second one not 50 yards away from it,
were quite near to my house I was able to visit them several times each
day, and my captures of Trigonalys were as follows :

At nest No. i.

Oct.

21,

3 P-

m.,

9

c^.

22,

3 P-

m.,

2

$ and 2 ?

24,

9 a.

m.,

1

$■

25,

3 P-

m..

I

6-

26,

10 a.

m..

I

f .

At nest No. 2.

Oct.

22,

3 P-

m..

I

^ and T 9 .

23,

9 a.

m..

2

6.

24,

2 p.

m..

3

6-

25.

10 a.

m.,

I

s.

25,

3 P-

m.,

I ?•

26,

3 P-

m.,

I

6-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15

On Oct. 27 the nests failed to produce any Trigonalys, but I captured
one (J at rest on the leaves of an apple tree much frequented by wasps
and growing about 100 yards away from the nests.

Total specimens, 23 (J and 4 9 .

After the last-named date the weather became cold and wet, and no
more Trigonalys ap])eared ; so after waiting a day or two, I dug up the
nests, but was not able to detect any signs of the parasites. It will be
noticed that the flies were not commonly taken in the afternoons, and in
all cases (except the solitary specimen on the apple tree) they were at rest
on the grass and weeds within a few feet of the entrance to the wasps'
nest.

The type of T. canadensis, as may be seen by reference to the
paper above cited, was taken at Victoria (75 miles south of this place)
from what was supposed to be the nest of the same species of Vespa
( V. occidentalis) which had built a suspended nest on the under side of a
veranda roof

As the $ of T. canadensis differs from the $ in several details, I
have asked Mr. Harrington to kindly append a description of the former
sex to the present note. My 4 pairs of T. canadensis have been dis-
posed of as follows : i to Dr. Fletcher, i to Mr. Harrington, i to the
Entomological Society, and one reserved for my own collection. The
remaining ^ specimens will be gladly given to any hymenopterists who
may care to ask for them.

ADDENDUM BV W. H. HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C, OTTAWA.

In accordance with the wish expressed by my esteemed friend in the
foregoing most valuable note on the occurrence of these rare and interest-
ing insects, I have prepared, from the three pairs submitted for inspection,
a description of the male, for in the original description (as is evident)
the word male should read female.

Trigonalys canadensis, Hargtn. — Male. This sex differs in general
appearance from the female, chiefly in the larger and broader abdomen,
which makes it look much more robust. The following differences are
noted: Antennre ig-jointed, with the pedicel rufous, and terminal joints
sub-serrate, very much like those of the antennae of a c^^ Vespa, but much
slenderer. Mandibles more prominent, with the teeth rufous. The yellow
markings of thorax are more conspicuous, and are as follows : Angle of pro-
thorax ; spot at each humeral angle of mesonotum, two lunate spots on
scutellum, and a smaller spot on each side between scutellum and base of

IG THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

anterior wing; post-sciitelluni and a short, paler line in the crenate suture at
each side of the same ; angles of the metathorax, and two minute dots on
pectus. The abdomen shows an additional segment, although it — the
seventh — is very small, and in one specimen scarcely visible. Viewed
from above, the abdomen appears almost quadrate, and sliows little more
than the broadly flattened segments two and three, which are sub-equal in
size, the terminal segments being deflexed and somewhat recurved under
Mie venter. Segments two to five have broad yellow sub-basal bands,
the edges of which are uneven ; that on the first segment is almost
bracket-shaped ; the sixth segment also sliows more or less yellow at base.
The venter has double yellow spots on segments one to four, those on the
first two being large and irregular in shape. The second ventral segment
has a prominent median truncated projection, and the third segment has
a similar projection, but it is almost hidden beneath segment two ; seg-
ments four and five are visible only as narrow margins ; the margin of
the sixth segment is deflexed so as to form two sub-triangular keels in front
of the projections from second ; the seventh is cleft longitudinally. From
the manner in which the terminal segments are deflexed and bent
inwardly, these features are not readily seen in all specimens. Described
from three specimens from Gabriola Island, B. C.

The three females accompanying these males are all somewhat
larger than the type, two being much more robust ; the markings are,
however, identical, except that one of the larger specimens shows faintly
the yellow dots (mentioned for the ^ ) on front of mesonotum and on
scutellum, and between it and the wings. The other shows only indica-
tions, still fainter, of the spots between the scutellum and wings.

The wasps sent by Mr. Taylor are female, worker and male of Fes^a
occidentalism Cresson, and in examining them I notice that the eyes of the
male are more remote from the mandibles than are those of the female.
Mr. Taylor suggests that the wasp from whose nest the Victoria $ was
taken was V. Fernaldi, Lewis, but I have not seen any examples of that
species from Victoria.

MICROCCELIA DIPTHEROIDES, Grote.

Larva. — Cylindrical, green, smooth, the setpe very fine and incon-
spicuous, single, normal for the Noctuidse. White dorsal and subdorsal
lines, narrow, crinkly edged ; white dots at tubercles i. and ii.: a pink-red
stigmatal line, edged with whice below, distinct only at the ends of the
body. (One blown specimen, Solidago, 59 '84, No. 3415. Coll. U.S.
Nat. Mus.) This larva has no aftinity with Acronycta.

Harrison G. Dyar.

THK OANADlAiN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17

A NEW PARASITE OF THE HARLEQUIN CABBAGE BUG.

BY L. O. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The great damage which has been done to cabbage and other crucif-
erous plants by the harlequin cabbage bug ( Murgatitia histrionica) in
its spread towards the nortli-east renders of interest any comments upon
its natural checks. Professor H. A. Morgan, of the Louisiana Agricultural
Experiment Station at Baton Rouge, has reared in considerable numbers
a Proctotrypid parasite from the eggs of this destructive insect, which
was named by Mr. Ashmead Trissolcus murgantice. With commendable'
enterprise. Professor Morgan has sent eggs of the cabbage bug to various
Experiment Station Entomologists situated in localities which the Mur-
gantia has more or less recently invaded, and to which it seems probable
that the parasite has not yet followed it. Professor Webster, of Ohio, has
announced that he is trying to introduce this beneficial insect, and Pro-
fessor Johnson, of Maryland, is making the same effort with Professor
Morgan's help.

As preliminary to this introduction experiment. Professor Johnson
has made an effort to ascertain whether Murgantia histrionica is already
])arasitized in its egg condition in Maryland. In the course of this effort
he has bred several specimens of a Chalcidid parasite which he has asked
the writer to name. Examination shows this insect to belong to the genus
Encyrtus. It is interesting to note that no Encyrtina? are known in
Europe to live in heleropterous eggs. In this country, however, several
species probably have this habit. Mr. Ashmead has reared a species from
the eggs of Anasa tristis, in Florida, and in the Insectary of the Depar't-
ment of Agriculture at Washington species have been reared from the
eggs of Prionidus cristatus, received from Texas, and from the eggs of an
unknown heteropterous insect found upon pine in California. The species
reared by Professor Johnson differs from any of these. It is very closely
related to Encyrtus initratus, Dalman, of Europe, the host relations of
which are not known. The specimens in collections have been captured.
It may ultimately prove to have been reared from heteropterous eggs. ,.
As unsatisfactory as it is to describe isolated species, it is sometimes
desirable, as in this instance. The parasite has some importance, and
Professor Johnson wishes to refer to it definitely by name. The following
description is therefore submitted :

18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

JSncyrtus Jo/insoni, n. sp.

Female. — Length, 0.8 mm.: expanse, 2.1 mm. Belongs in the
E. miiraius group. Antennal scape cylindrical ; ovipositor scarcely
extruded ; wings hyaline, marginal vein lacking. Pedicel of the antenna
three times as long as wide, nearly cylindrical, nearly three times as long
as first funicle joint ; first funicle joint a little longer than wide, remaining
funicle joints increasing slightly in length ; entire funicle subcylindrical ;
club as long as four preceding funicle joints together, somewhat swollen,
ovate J entire flagellum slightly hairy. Body compact ; thorax somewhat
convex, abdomen rotund ; mesonotum with short sparse white pile ; vertex
moderately narrow ; ocelli forming right angle triangle ; mesonotum finely
transversely shagreened ; mesoscutellum finely transversely shagreened at
base, nearly smooth at tip ; axillae well separated at tip. General colour,
metallic green ; mesoscutum highly lustrous ; axillse and base of scutellum
more opaque ; tip of scutellum and abdomen shining ; reflections of head
violaceous ; antennae dark brown, nearly black ; all legs uniformly light
honey-yellow.

Male. — Closely resembles female, except in the following particulars:
Antennte, which are light brown in colour, have an obconical pedicel of
which the breadth nearly equals the length, and which is shorter than
funicle joint i ; first funicle joint a little longer than second, remaining
joints subequal in length ; all of funicle and club with long hairs ; club
not widened and nearly as long as two preceding funicle joints together ;
abdomen broadly subtriangular.

Type No. 1424. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Coll. Dept. Agric.)

Described from two females, one male, reared by W. G. Johnson,
College Station, Md., Aug. 22, 1897, from ^SS^ °^ Murgantia histriouica.

NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS ON SEVERAL SPECIES OF

DIPTERA.

BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

RhajHphomyia niutabilis, Loew., has several limes been observed
preying upon Bibio pallipes, Say. I once saw hundreds of the former on
a picket fence that had recently been whitewashed, and all appeared
engaged in capturing the latter; at any rate hardly one could be found
that was not engaged in sucking the life out of a victim. In one case
the sexes were pairing while the female was lunching upon a recently
captured Bibio.

THK CANADIAN KNTOMULUGIST. 19

Pipiza modest a, Loew., was reared from apple twigs infested by
Sc/iizoneura lanigera (Hausm).

Pegomyia bico/or. Weld., was reared from larvae mining in the leaves
of a species of Rumex.

Leucopsis beila, Loew., was reared from a melon louse, probably
Aphis gossypii. Glover. Have reared apixirently this species from Aphis
on cherry.

From the same host was reared a species of Cecidomyia, the larvae
of which were observed feeding upon the Aphis. I have reared either
this or a similar species from Aphis on plum leaves.

Masicera eitfitchix. Towns., was reared from the larvte of CEfiecti a
Jistincta and Teras tninuia, Rob., var. citiderel/a, Riley.

Eup/iorocera chivipeiinis, Maq., was reared from larvae of Dataiia
ininistra, Dru.

Paraplagia spinosula. Bigot, was reared in numbers from larv?e
feeding on alder. The host was the larva? of some species of Sawfly, the
adult of which was not reared.

The determinations were made by Mr. Coquillett by courtesy of Dr.
L. O. Howard.

A NEW ORTHEZIA.

1?V T. D. A. COCK.ERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Orihezia artemisice, n. sp. — $ . Immature form. Antennie and
legs i^iceous. Body covered with white secretion. Dorsum with two
rows of dentiform tufts; the first four directed forwards; the remaining
seven, decreasing in size caudad, directed backwards. Nine lateral tufts ;
the first, on a level with the second dorsal tufts, at right angles to the
body ; the others directed backwards, and about of equal length, except
the last two, which are longer and narrower, the last being longest-
Caudal tufts extending caud.ad of last lateral tufts.

%. — Mature. Differs by having the lamell.'v^ or tufts more elongated,
the first dorsal erect, longer than broad ; the remaining dorsal produced
and no longer dentiform. The arrangement is now practically as in adult
O. iirticcs (L.)' except that the first dorsal lamelh\; are wide apart at tips,
and the second dorsal lamellae are smaller (instead of larger) than the
third. The hindmost lateral lamelhv are also somewhat less produced
than in urticce. Antenna- and legs dark red-brown ; antennie 8-segmented,
3 longest; 5 a little longer than 4 ; 6 and 7 about equal, and shorter than

20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCHJIST.

4; 8 about as long as 5. Length of insect, without ovisac, 2'_> mm.
Ovisac moderate, white, distinctly ribbed.

Hab. — Embudo, New Mexico, Sept., 1897, on sage-bush (Artemisia j,
together with Dactylopius lichtensioides, Ckll. (new to N. M., empty sacs
ovXy iow\\(i)^ d^nd. Lecaniodiaspis artemisice, Ckll., MS. ($ scale 3 mm.
long, reddish ochreous, tuberculate, dull, thoracic region with two promi-
nent transverse crests ; antennse apparently absent in adult, in younger
examples represented by small rounded bristly prominences, without
visible joints.)

At Embudo I found also Orthezia nigrocinda, Ckll., on Giitierrczia
high up on the cliff. With the two new species just described by Prof.
Tinsley, and the present insect. New Mexico now possesses five species
of Orthezia. O. artemisice is nearest to O. annee, but the latter has the
lamellcTe less definitely formed, and diifers also in the antenn:v.

BOOK NOTICE.

Jnseci' Life : an Introduction to Nature Study and a Guide for
Teachers, Students, and Others Interested in Out-of-door
Life. — By John Henry Comstock, Professor of Entomology in Cor-
nell University and in Leland Stanford junior University. With
many illustrations, engraved by Anna Botsford Comstock. New
York : D. Appleton (S: Company ; pp. 349, with six plates and many
figures. Price, $2.50.
In this little book Prof Comstock has given us a treatise, not only
of practical value to teachers and amateurs, but also one that the profes-
sional worker will find very handy to have just within reach, in order to
settle some minor point that may suddenly present itself. Best of all,
however, is the fact that the work is correct — a feature quite in contrast
with some of the ordinary text-book entomology. There need be no
hesitation about recommending this book to anyone, as its style, while
not especially technical, is even more or less poetical, yet is never
flippant or slipshod in expression. The illustrations are fine, and are not
simply pictures, but help to simplify the text — almost anyone who is at all
versed in entomology will at once recognize the Katydid on the cover.
There is just one fault to be found with the book, and it is very doubtful
if this is to be attributed to the author, and this is the title. A fascina-
ting title may help to sell a novel, or some such work as that, but publish-
ers should learn that this is not true with such books as this. However, •
it is no discredit to the author that his book should be found better than
its title. For the present, and until there is something much better, I
shall recommend this book to those who wish for a simple and accurate
introduction to the difficult study of entomology. F. M. W.

Mailed January loih, 1898.

Can, Ent., Vol. XXX.

Plate 2.

-V^

Vol. XXX. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1898. No. 2.

ON THE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE "WOOD EN-
GRAVER " AMBROSIA BEETLE— XYLEBORUS XYLO-
GRAPHUS (Say), XYLEBORUS SAXESENI (Ratz.)
— WITH BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF
DIFFERENT STAGES.*

BY A. D. HOPKINS, ENTOMOLOGIST, \V. VA. AGR. EXPT. STATION.

The Ambrosia beetles of the Scolytid genus Xyleborus present many
features of interest to the student of systematic and economic entomol-
ogy', and in Xyleborus xylographus we tind a cosmopolitan species of

unusual interest.

History.

It was described by Say in 1826- from specimens "sent to him by
the younger Rev. J. F. Melsheimer from the Melsheimer collection, with
the manuscript names and notes by the elder Rev. F. V. Melsheimer."^
Say's erroneous reference to the habits and galleries of the species, pub-
lished with the description, was (as suggested by Schwarz) due to his use
of Melsheimer's notes on a different species, probably a Pityophthorus,
Pityogenes or Tomicus species. This was the cause of much confusion
in subsequent literature on the species. The Tomiais xylographus
referred to at length by Dr. Fitch\ and subsequently quoted by Packard'
under Xyleborus xylographus, was evidently Tomicus ccelatus, although
the galleries illustrated by Fitch resemble the work of a Pityophthorus
more than they do that of T. ccelatus.

Some years after the publication of Say's description, Ratzburg"
described the same thing under the name Xyleborus saxeseni, which,

*Read by title before the \V. Va. .\cademy of Science, Arts and Letters, Dec.
7th, 1897.

1. Ambrosia Beetles of the United States; H. G. Hubbard; Bull. No. 7, new
series, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Div. of Entomology, 1S97, pp. 9-30 ; also
Year Book. 1896, pp 421-430.

2. Bostrichus xylographus, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. , 1826, \'o\. \., p. 256.

3. Catalogue of Insects of Pennsylvania, 1806.

Quotation from Schwarz in Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XVIII., p. 610.

4. ToDiicits xylographus. Fitch, 4th Rep Ins. of N. V., 1858, p. 716.

5. Bull. 7, U. S. Ent. Com-, Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees.

22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

according to Eichhoff', was in use in Europe over fifty years before it was
determined that Say's name had priority. Schwarz* had previously called
attention to the probable priority of Say's name, and the confusion With
reference to Say's description of the insect and galleries. The writer''
also referred to its identity with saxeseni in 1893, and published brief
descriptions of the male in 1S94"'. This, with descriptions and notes by
Zimmermann and Leconte', and the publications previously cited, includes
about all of the literature in this country, but in Europe the literature is
more voluminous and includes, under the synonym X. saxeseni, quite fitll
accounts of its habits and distribution.

GcograpJiical Distri/uttion and Host Plants.

According to Eichhoff the distribution of this species extends over
" the greater part of Europe, Canary Islands, Japan (?), and North
America." The species is evidently indigenous to Central Europe, or
wherever it infests the greatest variety of trees. Its recent or remote
introduction into any country will probably be indicated by its preference
for certain introduced or ornamental trees, and the extent to which it haS
acquired the habit of infesting indigenous trees.

In Europe, Eichhoff and other observers found that it not only
infested the wood of oak, beech, birch, maple, poplar, linden, fruit, and
other deciduous trees, but that different conifers were also attacked by it.
Hubbard mentions that " it appears to be partial to rather hard wood,
like oak, hickory, birch and maple, and is found wherever these trees grow,
both in this country and Europe." The results of my observations here in
West Virginia would indicate that it is confined almost exclusively to fruit
trees, especially to the wood of the apple, in which I have found it to be
exceedingly common in the vicinity of Morgantown. In my extended

6. Ratzburg Forstein, 1837, Vol. I., p. 168.

7. Letter from W. Eichhoff to Dr. C. V. Riley in 1892, published in Proc. U. S.
Nat. Museum, Ibid p. 609, from which we quote the following : " There cannot be the
slightest doubt that the species you sent me as Xyleborus xylograp/ius. Say . . is
identical with the European X. saxeseni, Ratzburg It is certainly remarkable that
this synonymy comes to light only now, and that Ratzburg's name has to be suppressed
after it has been in use for more than fifty years. X, pini, Eich., must now again take
its rank as a distinct species."

8. Ento. Amer. II., p. 41.

9. Bull. 31, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Station, p. 136.

10. Sexual Characters in Scolylids, (Jan. Ent., Vol XXVI., p. 279. The male
had been previously described by Wisemann, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1846, p. 24.

I. Trans. Amer. Ent. So., Sep, 1868, p. 14$ and 160.

tfiE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGlSt. 23

search for wood and bark beetles of all kinds in different sections of the
State, I have only one record of this species or its work in the wood of
an indigenous tree, and that was in a hemlock drift log, near an old
orchard in which the insect was abundant. Fitch, Leconte and Packard
referred to the abundance of A^ xylographus and Tomicus xylograplius
under the bark of pine, but they were evidently referring, as Say did, to
the habits of Tomicus ccelatus, which, while a true bark-boring beetle, is
also a wood engraver.

Breeding and Feeding Habits.

The habits of X xyiographus are quite fully and accurately described
by Eichhoff', and recently Mr. Hubbard, in his excellent paper on the
ambrosia beetles of North America, has contributed additional informa-
tion, especially with reference to the ambrosia fungus upon which it feeds,
from all of which, together with what I can add from personal observa-
tions, we are enabled to present the following :

The fertilized females pass the winter in their brood chambers and
emerge in the spring (April and May, near Morgantown, W. Va.). They
are then attracted to sickly, dying or felled trees, in the living or moist
dead wood of which they prefer to excavate their brood galleries. A
crevice or opening in the bark, such as may be made by other insects, or,
as I have observed, those made by the yellow-bellied woodpecker, but
more commonly the edge of a wound, or a dead place on a living tree, is
selected as a favourite point of attack. Here a female will commence
the excavation of a mine, and after she has penetrated the wood a short
distance, another female (as I have observed) will come to her assistance,
one working at the excavation, while the other guards the entrance and
assists in expelling the borings. The primary or main gallery is usually
extended into the heartwood before eggs are deposited. When the
primary gallery is completed (according to Hubbard) a bed is provided
on the sides of the gallery for the propagation of the special species or
variety of ambrosia fungus which is to furnish food for the future broods.
The first set of eggs are few in number (five to ten) and are placed with-
out any protection on the sides near the end of the main gallery, or in
cavities or short branching galleries (Plate 3, fig. 7, 8), one-half to one
inch from the end, where, upon hatching, the young larvsu find a supply
of ambrosial food. After the first set of larvse have attained considerable
size, another set of eggs are deposited, and so on at intervals until a

I, VV, Eichhoft", European Barkenkafer, Berlin, 1881, pp. 280-281.

24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

large family is reared, in which eggs, larvse of all stages of development,
pupje, and young and old adults are found crowded promiscuously in leaf-
like brood-chambers, which are continually broadened or extended by the
adults and possibly by the larvne, to make room for the increase. It
appears that the brood-chambers are broadened and extended by the
adults, and that the borings, mixed with the fungus, are softened and
furnish additional food for the larv^ and young beetles.'

Mr. Hubbard records the discovery of a death chamber, or a kind of
catacomb, in which the dead mother beetles and other dead friends or
foes of a large colony are consigned by the survivors. In some fresh
specimens of galleries before me (Plate 3, fig. 2 b b), I find the same
thing, but it appears that in addition to a resting place for the dead, it is
also utilized for the disposal of all objectional and refuse matter, which,
owing to the crowded condition of the chamber, cannot be conveniently
expelled from the entrance. One of the males found in this set of
chambers was excavating a burrow in the mass of material in the death
or garbage chamber. Whether he was excavating his own tomb, or simply
providing bachelor quarters, I cannot say.

The proportion of males in this, as in all other species of the genus
Xyleborus, is remarkably small. There are usually not more than three
males in the largest colonies, or groups of brood-chambers. It would
appear from observations made by Swiner and Eichhoff in Germany, and
the numerous colonies I have examined in this country, that there is, on
an average, about one male to twenty females. The males have no wings,
therefore probably do not leave the brood-chambers, but remain with the
over-wintering colony until all have emerged in the spring. They are
then left to be smothered in overabundant ambrosial food, or to the
tender mercies of predatory insect enemies which had previously been
prevented from entering the brood-chambers by one or more female
sentinels at the entrance. A few females may emerge from time to time
during the summer to start new colonies, but from the excessively crowded
condition of the brood-chambers during the fall and winter months, it

I. Note. — In a brood-chamber before me just cut from a near-by apple tree, I find
a pupa minus an abdomen. No predaceous enemies can be found, but two or three
half-grown larvje are in such a position as to make the circumstantial evidence quite plain
that they are to blame for the mutilation. The remaining portion of the pupa is in a
normal condition, which would indicate that the attack had been recent and wht-n the
victim was alive. This would also indicate that the helpless pupa may furnish food for
the larya in case of a scarcity of ambrosia, or that they may be thus disposed of to
prevent an overcrowded brood-chamber.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25

would appear that the older adults of the broods excavate branching
chambers in which new broods are develojied. and that in these old and
new chambers they all pass the winter.

Enemies.

A number of predaceous beetles and their larvae may fmd their way
into the brood-chambers at unguarded moments and destroy a portion or
all of the colony. This, like other species of ambrosia beetles, appears to
be aware of the danger from this source, at any rate, from the time the
first eggs are deposited until all the individuals of a colony have
developed and emerged from the brood-chambers, one or more adult
females serve on guard duty at the entrance, where their armed elytral
declivity (as shown in Plate 2, fig. 7 ; Plate 3, fig. 9) completely fills the
entrance gallery, thus presenting an impenetrable barrier against intruders.
It is therefore only at unguarded moments that the enemy can enter,
except, perhaps, the very young, microscopic larvre of the predaceous
beetles, which may possibly pass the sentinels unobserved. This guard
duty is an interesting feature of .intelligence in the habits of all Scolytids.
In the case of bark beetles and other species in which the sgxes are about
equally divided, the male is the sentinel, while the female excavates the
brood gallery. Perhaps there is no better example of unselfish devotion
to paternal duty than the male bark beetles, since they not only spend
their lives on guard, but die at their posts in order that their dead bodies
may continue to blockade the entrance to the brood galleries. In
Xyleborous, and others in which the females greatly predominate, one
or more females serve on guard duty.

The excessively crowded brood-chambers doubtless offer favourable
conditions for diseases, which may, as indicated by evidence before me',
destroy an entire colony.

Relation of the Insect to the Health of the Trees Infested by It.

Eichhoff- was undecided as to whether or not the species did any
damage to the trees infested by it, but mentioned that it might prove
destructive to orchards or nursery trees. Hubbard'' states that it " breeds
only in dying trees," but does much injury to the timber, causing defects
in the wood, and the writer-* mentioned that it probably hastens the death

1. In a brood-chamher before me a number of dead larvre and pupae are found,
which have evidently died quite recently from a disease of some sort which cannot at
present be studied or determined.

2. European Bark Beetles, 1. c.

3. Ambrosia Beetles of North America, 1. c.

4. Bull. 31, W. Va. Agri. Expt. Sta., 1. c.

26 Tflt: CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGlSf.

of injured trees. Recently specimens were received from Dr. Fletcher
with the following statement in the letter accompanying them :

" I now send you a few specimens and will ask you for a line or two
on them. It is named Xyleborus saxeseni by European specialists, and
is doing considerable harm to plum trees in England. Miss Ornjerod
showed me the work and gave me the specimen. I told her ... I
would submit it to you. ... It was alive, with several others of
different ages, in a large flat cavity in a plum branch two inches in
diameter."

The evidence I have been able to obtain from a somewhat extensive
study of the habits of this and other species of Xyleborus, leads me to
conclude that while they must have moist wood in which to develop a
brood and propagate the fungus upon which they feed, they all have a
decided preference for that of dead, dying, or at least unhealthy trees, be
they standing or felled, and in no instance have I found any species of the
genus entering the wood of any part of an uninjured and healthy living
tree. Even X. dispar, which has been recorded as infesting healthy wood
of fruit trees in Europe and this country, has not been observed by me
in healthy wood, although I have found examples of a species determined
by Eichhoff as X. dispar in the wood of a great variety of trees in West
Virginia'. X. xylographus comes nearer to attacking healthy wood of
living trees than any other species I have observed. It will attack living
trees, and has been frequently found in apparently healthy sapwood, but
in such instances it had entered through the dead or dying wood of a
wound or dead spot in the bark of the trunk or branches, as shown in
Plate 3, fig. I.

Even if it did attack perfectly healthy trees, it could scarcely be the
primary cause of their death, unless the insects should occur in such vast
numbers as to completely fill the sapwood with entrance galleries and
brood-chambers, which in large trees is hardly possible, and in small
trees not at all probable. In fact, they seem to prefer to excavate their
brood-chambers in the heartwood, which, as is well known, is not a vital
part of the plant structure. If the healthy living sapwood is penetrated at

I. This statement is not meant to even suggest the inaccuracy of the records of
other writers, since I have reasons for doubting that the species I observed is a true X.
dispar^ and even if it is, habits of the same insect may differ under different environ-
ments.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27

all, it is usually by the primary or entrance galleries, which could cause only
the slightest detriment to the vitality of the tree. The most vital part of
a tree (the healthy living cambium) is seldom if ever touched by these
insects, since they make their entrance through the dead bark or wood. If
they did penetrate the healthy cambium, it would be no more than a pin-
hole, which, even in great numbers, could scarcely do harm, since in
healthy, growing trees such wounds would rapidly heal.

This and other insects with like habits may, however, hasten or even
insure the death of unhealthy trees, since their entrance galleries may
contribute to the attack of harmful micro-organisms (bacteria and fungi)
which are ever ready to attack exposed plant tissue, and especially if the
vitality of the growing parts becomes in the slightest degree impaired.
This, it would seem, is the only way in which X. xylographus could affect
the vitality of the trees infested by it, but to what extent it may do so is
a problem for future investigation. It may, however, as suggested by
Hubbard, be the cause of serious defects in lumber manufactured from
trees or logs containing its pin-hole galleries and broad, leaf-like brood-
chambers.

Preventives and Remedies.

From what is known of the habits of the insect, it would appear that
the best methods of preventing its attack is to keep all fruit trees in
nurseries and orchards in a vigorous, healthy condition, and during the
winter, or previous to the first of April each year, destroy by fire all the
unhealthy or dying or dead branches on trees, thus destroying the
colonies before they emerge in the spring. Wounds or dead places on
valuable trees may possibly be protected from the attack by the removal
of the dead bark and painting the dead surface, especially the edges,
with a strong solution of soap and water, undiluted kerosene emulsion,
melted grafting wax, or like substances.

Different Stages Briefly Described.
(See Plate 2.)

Egg (fig. i) : Length, .52-.55 mm.; width, .24-.26 mm.; yellowish
to pearly white ; shining ; ovate.

Larva, first stage (fig. 2.): Length, .60-66 mm. ; width, .20-22 mm.:
white > head broader than thoracic segments, and yellowish, with pale
brown mandibles ; body slender, narrowing to last abdominal segment ;
head and each segment clothed with long, fine white hairs, longest on the
last three abdominal segments. Intermediate stage: Length, 1.5-1.S

28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

mm.; width, -50-. 55 mm.; yellowish-white; slender; thoracic and abdom-
inal segments to seventh equal width (dorsal to ventral) and narrowing
from seventh to last ; hairs fewer and shorter than in first stage ; head
with brown, longitudinal line in front and short longitudinal groove
above; mouth-parts darker. Matured larva (fig. 3.): Length, 2.8-3
mm. ; width (lateral view) about .88 ram. at third thoracic segment and
seventh abdominal, and .80 mm. at second to third, and narrowing from
seventh to .30 mm. at last abdominal ; colour, yellowish-white to yellow ;
head darker, with dark brown mandibles and brown longitudinal line,
depression less than in intermediate stages ; body stouter, thoracic seg-
ments much larger and head much smaller in proportion to body than
in first and intermediate stages ; segments and head sparsely clothed with
short, fine hairs ; mouth-parts as shown in fig. 8.

Pupa ^ (fig. 4.) : Length, 2.4-2.5 mm. ; width (lateral) about
.8 mm. ; colour, yellowish-white to yellow ; prothorax with dorsal
posterior margin elevated, forming a conical hump ; mesoscutellum
prominently elevated and slightly bent forward ; wing pads extended
to posterior ventral margin of the fourth abdominal segment, the tips
meeting or sometimes separated by a narrow space ; antennii^ prominent,
tip of clubs extending beyond the middle of the front cox;^ and to the
base of the front tibia ; hind tarsi with tips extending to tips of wing pads.
The hairs, with which the front, the lateral and dorsal surface of the pro-
thorax and dorsal surface of the abdominal segments are sparsely clothed,
are fine and do not rise from tubercles.

Ptipa ^ : Length, 2 mm.; width (lateral) .7 mm.; easily distin-
guished from the female pupa by its smaller size and bent form ; the
abdomen is narrower and the tip bent down until it is even with the
ventral edges of the wing pads ; the hairs are fewer but stiffer and longer
than on the female pupa.

Imago ? ' (fig. 5) : Length, 2.3-2.5 mm.; width (dorsal) .73-74 mm.;
colour varies from yellowish-brown to black ; easily distinguished from all
other known species of the genus by its size and the sculpture of the
elytral declivity and the regular rows of small teeth on the first, third,
fourth, and sometimes the fifth interspaces, as shown in fig. 7. There is
considerable variation in colour and in the number and rows of teeth,

I. Female — Bos/ric/nts xy/o£raJ>/ius, Say, 1826,1 c.
Bostrichus saxese'ii, Ratzburg, 1837, 1. c.
ToDiiciis dohrnii , Woll., 1854, Ins Mad., p 290.
Xylebortis dryoi^7-aphus, Ferrari, 1867, Barkenk., p. 20.

Can. Ent., Vol. XXX.
f

Plate 3.

^^-z^^

^

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29

Imago $^- (fig. 6) : Length, 1.66-2 mm.; width (dorsal) .86-88 mm.;
easily distinguished by its general resemblance to the female,its small size,
slightly flattened and bent form.

Galleries (Plate 3, fig. i ) : Width of entrance on primary galleries,
.8-9 mm.; width of brood-chambers from i to 20 mm.; length, 1-7 mm.;
diameter, .9-1.1 mm.

Explanation of Plates.

Plate 2.— I. Egg X 25 diameters. 2. Larva, ist stage, x 25 diam-
eters. 3. Matured larva X 1 2 1^ diameters. 4. Pupa x i2i4. 5. Imago
9x15. 6. c? X 15. 7. Elytral declivity x 25. 8. Mouth-parts of larvae
X 100. 9. Antenna x 100. 10. Labium x 100. xi. Maxilla x 100.
12. Front tibia x 100. 13. Tarsus x 100. 14. Genitalia x 50.

Plate 3. — I. Entrance gallery and brood-chambers in transverse
section : a, gallery oi Stenoscelis brevis, Bok., utilized by X xylographus ;
b ist, c second, d third, brood-chambers ; e, incompleted exit gallery ; f,
branching gallery evidenly for a fourth brood-chamber; g, dead and partly
dried wood; h, living bark; i, living sapwood ; j, heartwood ; slightly
curved transverse lines represent annual growths of wood.

2. Same as fig. i in vertical section; 2 b, ist brood-chamber, showing
death or garbage chamber at b b.; 3 and 4, transverse and vertical view
of set of brood-chambers all in living and partly living wood ; 5 and 6,
entrance in dead wood, brood-chamber in living wood; 7, primary gallery
with two egg chambers ; 8, egg chamber enlarged ; 9, female sentinels as
found at aa,'i\g. 2 ; 10, ambrosia fungus. All original and from fresh or
living material except 10, which is after Hubbard.

2. 'MdiXe—Bostrichus saxcseni, Wiesm., 1846, Stett., Ent. Zeit., p. 24.
Bostrichus decolor, Boield, 1859, Ann Soc Ent. Fr. , p, 479.
Xylehorus aescuii, Ferrari (1867?), Barkenk , p. 22.
Xylehorus siibdepresstis. Key , Rev. d'Ento. par Fauv. 2, 142.
Xylehorus xylographus, Hopk., 1894, Can. Ent., vol, XXVI , p. 279.

PANURGIKUS CLYPEATUS.

In Canad. Entom., 1897, p. 290, I referred the Calliopsis clypeattis,
Cresson, to Panurginus. I had considered it probable that Panurgus
clypeatus, Eversmann, 1852, was really a Panurginus., but was not suffi-
ciently sure to venture upon changing the name of our insect. There has
just come to hand, however, an excellent little monograph of the
palaearctic species of Panurginus, by Mr. H. Friese, and on p. 19 the
Eversmann species is definitely referred to that genus. P. clypeatus
(Cress.) may therefore be called P. cressoniellus, n, n.

Mesilla Park, N. M., Jan. 11, 1898. T. D, A, Cockerell.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF PHLEPSIUS.

BY CARL F. BAKER, AUBURN, ALA.

Phlepsius areolatus, n. sp.

$. — Length 6.5 mm. Form oi cinereiis : Head narrower than
pronotum. Vertex distinctly angulate, a little longer than half width be-
tween eyes or half the length of pronotum : nearly flat, slightly broadly
depressed on either side, the edfe distinctly compressed. Front a half
longer than wide, nearly two and a half times the length of the clypeus,
sides rather strongly incurved at antennal sockets. Clypeus gradually
enlarged towards the truncate tip, its length once and a half the width at
tip. Width of pronotum nearly two and a half times the length, surface
neither punctured or wrinkled.

Colour cinereous. Vertex with two large fulvous clouds, a triangular
black spot either side of tip, and two black dots at ba.se. Ocelli large,
white. Clypeus with two black dots near tip, lone and gente irregularly
dotted, and front with poorly-defined arcs. Pronotum anteriorly with
four indistinct fulvous blotches, posteriorly and scutel irrorate with ful-
vous. Elytra milky white, veins dark brown, the supernumerary veins
distinct and numerous ; the other dark colouring bordering the cells, but
usually not touching the veins, producing a strongly areolate appearance ;
with darker costal dots. Legs with the following more conspicuous
markings : Fore femora with a black spot before near the apex, fore
tibiae with three black spots before ; behind both are heavily irrorate with
black ; middle femora with a longitudinal black stripe behind, middle
tibiae trimaculate ; hind femora and tibiae with a longitudinal stripe be-
fore. Sternum with three dark spots on either side. Venter, except along
the middle and dorsum, irrorate with dark.

Last ventral segment twice the length of preceding, hind margin^
truncate, with a small median notch ; lateral angles rather sharp.

The type specimen of this interesting species was collected at Onaga,
Kansas, by Mr. F. F. Crevecoeur. It is very distinct from anything in
the spatulatus group.
Phlepsius personatiis, n. sp.

^. — Length 6 mm. Form very closely resembling that o( spatu-
latus, but smaller. Head narrower than pronotum. Vertex very obtusely
angulate, length three-fifths of width between eyes, or somewhat over half
the length of the pronotum ; surface gently convex, evenly rounded on to
the front, entirely without a cojupressed edge. Front nearly a half longer

fHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31

than wide, two and one-half times the length of the clypeus, sides gently
incurved at the antennal sockets. Clypeus gradually enlarged towards
the truncate tip, basal suture obsolete. Width of pronotum scarcely two
and oiie-fourth times the length, surface sparsely punctured.

Colour pale cinereous. Head washed with fulvous, with few dark
marks, but the arcs on front distinct ; antennal pits, eyes, and a narrow
longitudinal area on the pleura back of eyes, dark brown, giving the in-
sect a very unique appearance. Pronotum obscurely irrorate with fulvous.
Basal angles of scutel broadly fulvous. Elytra milky white, vermicula-
tions very fine, faint, and evenly distributed ; without supernumerary
transverse veins ; legs without marks, except the usual dots at bases of
spines.

Last ventral segment twice the length of preceding, hind margin
truncate, with a small median notch ; lateral angles very obtuse.

Described from a single specimen collected at Yuma. Ariz., July 6th,
1897, by Prof A. P. Morse. This species resembles a small spatulatiis,
which is its nearest relative, but differs in size, colour and genital charac-
ters.

Phlepsius texanus, n. sp.

$ . — Length 7.5 mm. Form nearest to that o{ punciiscrtptiis, which
it also resembles in some other characters. Head slightly broader than
pronotum. Vertex little produced, very obtusely angulate, length one-
third of the width between the eyes, or somewhat more than one-third
the length of the pronotum ; surface sloping, slightly transversely de-
pressed, meeting the front in a very obtuse angle, edge not at all com-
pressed. Front a third longer than wide, sides evenly curved from the
vertex to the clypeus, not at all bent opposite the antennte. Clypeus
slightly enlarged towards the truncate tip, length once and three-fourths
the width at tip. Width of pronotum once and seven-eighths the length,
surface obscurely punctured

Colour cinereous, with a faint fulvous tinge on vertex, pronotum, and
scutel. Vertex irrorate with brown, face dark fulvous, except numerous
small round light dots all over, and several larger light spots on front ;
the ocelli in white dots. Pronotum coarsely irrorate with brown, more
strongly so in an irregular band between the hind angles of the eyes.
Scutel with two black dots on each lateral margin. Elytra milky, and, ex-
cept in frequent small irregular areas, marked with fine dots and very fine
vermiculations, the latter short, rather h^ in number and radiating from

32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the veins, without supernumerary transverse veins. Commissural and
apical costal margins each with two larger dark spots. Femora more or
less completely heavily triannulate with dark, the fore and middle tibiae
more or less completely quadriannulate : hind tibice with large dots at
bases of spines and tip, black.

Last ventral segment once and a half times as long as preceding,
hind margin black and slightly sinuate, hind angles narrowly, somewhat
acutely, produced nearly a third the length pf the segment.

(J more slender. Length 7 mm. Plate short, broadly triangular.
Valves short, each about as broad as long, outer edge obtusely angled be-
low, tips bluntly rounded, far exceeding the extremely short pygofers.

Described from several specimens in the National Museum collec-
tion, from Texas. This species is very distinct from any described North
American form. It resembles pwidiscriptus somewhat, but differs in
structure of head, genitalia of both 9 and ^ , and in markings.
Phlepsius Riley i, n. sp.

$ . — Length 7.5 mm. Nearest texanus. Head slightly broader
than pronotum. Vertex rather strongly angularly produced, length little
less than one half of the width between the eyes, or about one-half the
length of the pronotum ; surface sloping, slightly transversely depressed,
meeting the front in a very obtuse angle, edge not at all compressed.
Front somewhat less than a third longer than wide, sides evenly curved
from vertex to clypeus, not at all bent opposite the antennte. Clypeus
slightly enlarged towards the truncate tip ; length once and three-fourths
the width at tip. Width of pronotum nearly twice the length ; surface
sparsely punctured.

Colour pale fulvous. Markings as in texanus, except paler and more
uniform on vertex, and no indications of a band on the pronotum ; the
whole insect of a more distinctly fulvous cast.

Last ventral segment twice the length of the preceding, entire hind
margin in two large evenly rounded lobes, the notch between them V-
shaped.

Described from material in the National Museum, collected in Texas.
This species has no relative nearer than the texanus, from which it differs
in proportions of head and pronotum and in the genitalia. The genitalia
of the female resemble somewhat those of ijicisus, but that species differs
widely in form and coloration. Named after Dr. Riley, in whose collec-
tion it first occurred.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33

NOTES ON COLLECTING "AT LIGHT."

BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.

Until last year (1897), o^ving to the lack of suitable surroundings, I
had made no attempt at systematic collecting " at light." Now, as the
result of this one season's capture, I am firmly convinced that this method
of collecting is the very best way in which to make a large collection
quickly and to secure in abundance species hitherto rarely met with or
entirely new. For all night-flying species no other way of collecting has
ever proved so profitable with me, and a short account of my experiences,
with notes of some of the captures made, may be of interest. To begin
with, this was my fourtli collecting season in Manitoba, but until this year
the good things taken at light were few and far between. Locality is
everything, and my surroundings in previous years consisted of too much
brick and mortar and too little of nature's clothing. At the end of May
this year I moved to Fort Rouge, a suburb of Winnipeg, situated between
the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. Formerly the whole of this was " bush,"
with some good timber along the river banks. I am glad to say that a
goodly portion of Fort Rouge is still '' bush," with here and there a little
clearing, sufficient to allow of a residence or so ; sometimes just enough
only for the house, which when the trees are in full foliage may be com-
pletely shut in. Where I live the place is more settled, but still plenty of
thick bush about, here and there, if only in small pieces. In June my
yard (out of politeness perhaps it should be styled garden) was full of
wild rose bushes, the flowers of which adorned our tables and perfumed
our rooms for more than a month. The children stepped outside the
back gate to pick flowers and wild strawberries ; at the side of the house
and along the roadway in front on both sides, white clover was everywhere
in profusion, and the air was laden with the scent. And yet the road is
block-paved, and the electric cars pass along it, and a ride of eight minutes
on my wheel will take me to my oftice in the heart of this city of 40,000
or more people.

I may say here that all my collecting " at light " was done from an
upstairs window — that of my sanctum — facing nearly west ; at one side of
the window is a small poplar, and on the other, further away, close to the
house is a good-sized oak tree, denuded of most of its boughs, and a few
other small trees. What will some day (all too soon) be a road along the
side of the house is still covered with bushes, with here and there a tree.
To the right looking out of the window are three arc lights, all within

34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

about 100 yards of the house, the nearest perhaps not more than 50 yards
from the front door. What effect these lights had on my collecting is en-
tirely conjectural ; sometimes I have been inclined to think that it was
owing to the quantity of things drawn to the neighbourhood by them that
I did so well ; at others, that owing to their superior brilliancy or attrac-
tiveness I got but a small share of the things that were flying, in which
case the quantity of insects around these electric lights some nights must
have been enormous. I must confess that sometimes a wish entered my
mind that these lights would go out, so that my small one might have no
opposition.

Enough of the surroundings, now for the experiences or results.

My first venture was made on the evening of the 27th of June, and
with the exception of a few nights when the moon shone too brightly, I
tried light nearly every evening, for a longer or shorter time, according to
" the profits," until I went to Brandon, Man., on the 5th of August. On
my return at the end of that month I resumed collecting in this way until
well on in September, but the weather was very unfavourable and I took
little, as compared with the July catches ; the nights were either too light
outside or too windy, and during the whole month no rain fell, so that the
conditions can hardly be said to have been suitable, not affording a fair
test. Though I am well satisfied with the gifts showered upon me, it is
still a matter of regret that I did not commence a month earlier in the
season and that I lost nearly the whole of August as well, for I have no
doubt that I missed many a good thing not yet represented in my
collection.

It was owing to my inability to get out for any day or evening
collecting during June (due to pressure of business and domestic disar-
rangements) that I bethought me of collecting "at light"; had it been
otherwise, I dare say my light collecting would never have seen a begin-
ning, nor a continuation, had not I met with such unexpected, surprising
and encouraging success at the outset.

The very first captures at light on June 27th were Leucania albilinea,
and Plusia Putnami and striatella ; these were followed after an interval
by Plusia insolita and ampla ; the Sphingidse were represented by Sraer-
inthus geminatus and Paonias exceecatus ; the Bombycidse, by Cerura
occidentalis, Tortricidia testacea, several species of Schizura, Edema al-
bifrons, Nadata gibbosa, Notodonta elegans, Pheosia dimidiata, Crocata
immaculata by the dozen, etc.; the Noctuidte, besides those already men-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35

tioned, included such nice things as Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides,
Charadra deridens (i), Diphthera fallax (i), Raphia frater, in plenty, sev-
eral species of Acronycta, Microccelia, Rhynchagrotis, and a fair propor-
tion of common things ; the Geometridse were also well represented, such
hitherto rare species (with me) as Metanema inatomaria and Phasiane
mellistrigata being among the commonest, while several large, handsome
species put in an appearance ; these are new to my local list and still
await identification. The " Micros " were almost without number, and
selection was a difficult matter. My diary records that the evening was
warm and moist, and that it was 3:30 a. m. before I sought my couch.

June 28th was another good evening, while it lasted, but I retired at
a much earlier hour.

June 30th : I have called this a beetle evening in my diary, nothing
else coming in until quite late. Agonoderus pallipes was a nuisance, as
were also several species of small water beetles; among the good things
were some species of Lebia, a new " Longhorn," weevils, etc.

July ist was another capital evening, my notes say ; three species of
Sphingidai new to the district — one of these was Sphinx albescens ; more
new Bombycida?, including Phyllodesma americana, etc.

July 2nd : On this evening the Sphingidse stayed at home, or at any
rate remained outside, but their place was well filled by more Plusia stria-
tella (5) and ampla (2); also another insolita; Putnami and aereoides were
plentiful ; Abrostola urentis and Deva purpurigera also made their first
call ; Metathorasa monetifera was more timid, only one putting in an ap-
pearance, and this species did not occur again. Two species of Carad-
rina were taken, rairandaandpunctivena — the latter being quite abundant
— also Noctua Treatii (3); Pyrrhia exprimens, Leucania commoides and
CucuUia jfiorea were well represented. Carneades divergens and Mamestra
lorea came in in such numbers as to be almost a nuisance. The Bomby-
cidae included a single Halisidota maculata and Argryrophyes cilicoides ;
the latter species I understand is quite a rarity.

July 3rd : Arctia virgo and Dryopteris rosea came in first on this
date. On the 5th my diary records the running out of pins and the mak-
ing of new setting-boards, as one result of the quantity of " stuff" taken.

July 6th : A Dryopteris irrorata gladdened my eyes on this even-
ing. (The second one of these caught came in on the 8th.)

July 7th : Pallachira bivitlata, a handsome and very rare "snout"
moth, appeared on the scene. I got two ; during the next few evenings
I took more of them ; in all, six being secured,

3(5 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

July 8th : The most noticeable things were Ceratomia undulosa and
several large species of Acronycta and Mamestra.

July 9th : The first species of Ichthyura, namely, albosigma, was
captured on this evening.

The next few evenings were too light outside and I got little, but I
mention the capture on the (oth of Crambidia pallida; this species be-
came fairly common later on in the month.

July 15th: This evening I took four fresh Plusia bimaculata and
some striatella, several Mamestra assimilis and Hadena impulsa, a fine
Cerura occidentalis, Clisiocampa fragilis, more Dryopteris rosea, and an-
other pair of the tiny white Bombycid, Argryrophyes cilicoides, etc.

July iSth: Another Cerura, Arctia Saundersii, Carneades flavicoUis
and silens, and Orthosia Conradi (?) were among my visitors this evening.

July 19th: This was my record evening of the season, and one in
another way as well, it being 4 o'clock when I put out my light and re-
tired for the night (?). It was another wet night, and stormy at intervals.
I was first of all deluged with mosquitoes, and a small green tree-hopper ;
these were soon joined by swarms of Crambidse, among which Crambus
unistriatellus was the most conspicuous. The larger moths included a
dozen or more of the two species of Arctia already recorded, half a dozen
Parorgyia plagiata, three species of Ichthyura, Cerura cinerea (the only
example taken), more of the little white Bombycid, several species of
Schizura and lanassa lignicolor ; the three specimens of the moth last
named appeared on the scene almost at the same moment. Some of the
common Noctuids,such as Feltia jaculifera, Noctua fennica and haruspica,
Hadena lignicolor, Mamestra lilacina, Hydnecia nictitans, and others,
were becoming troublesome. This was a great evening for Noctuids ;
some of the particularly showy species were Hadena adjuncta and misel-
oides, Trachea delicata, Mamestra lubens, Plusia striatella, bimaculata
and viridisignata (i), the last Plusia being an addition to my local list. I
also took one Acronycta hamamelis, and impressa was quite plentiful.
Senta defecta turned up for the first time, and in extraordinary abundance ;
I could easily have bottled 100 of them; a Tineiid, somewhat smaller,
but mimicking this species in colour and markings, was nearly equally
common. In Geometers, I got six or more Plagodis rosaria — previously
represented in my collection by a single specimen, taken at Brandon in
1896 — and several large green Geometers, for which I have not yet suc-
ceeded in getting a name ; and there were many other species.

[to be CONTIisrUED.] . ■- .

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 37

THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA.

BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

XXVIII. Thf Cerambycid/e of Ontario and Quebec.
Liopus, Serv.
Resembles the preceding genus in form, but the angulation or
tuberculation of the prothoracic flanks is better marked. The Canadian
species are few. Mr. Leng has thus defined them, following, in the
main, a previous arrangement of Dr. Horn :
A. Front flat, mouth in same plane. Elytra without angular mark
posteriorly, sides of thorax arcuate, the spine small and acute.

Elytra without erect scales. .24-.48 in variegaius, Hald.

AA. Front convex, mouth slightly retracted ; lateral spine of prothorax
rather distant from base. Elytra without distinct tufts of erect
scales,
b. Elytra with an acutely angular band behind the middle, which
iSj however, sometimes wanting.

Surface finely punctured, almost impunctured behind the

band. .16-. 28 in alpha, Say.

Surface more coarsely punctured, very distinctly so behind

the band. .16-. 28 in cmereiis, Lee.

bb. Elytra with a feebly marked post-median band of whitish
pubescence in place of the angulate line. .20 -.25

in pwictatus, Hald.

Liopus alpha and cinereus are united by Mr. Leng under the former
name, the differences given above becoming evanescent in long series. L.
variegaius is said to breed in box elder, L. alpha in apple, and Z.
cinereus in hickory and locust.*

Lepturges, Bates.

In this genus the spine of the prothorax is quite near the base. The

following table has the same origin as the preceding :

A. Lateral spine of prothorax rather broad, very close to the base.

Colour usually pale with short gray pubescence, black markings

as follows : Four spots on the thorax, two on each elytron near

the base and close to the suture, a lateral stripe before the middle

connected with a broad irregular transverse band, and three (often

*In the table of genera the genus LeptoUylns is said to have the prothora?; " fully
tuberculate." It should i:ea4 " feebly tuberculate."

38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

united) spots near apex arranged in the arc of a circle. These
markings may vary in either direction, so that specimens may be
nearly black or almost entirely pale. . 28-.36 in . . sj'>/i meiricus, lia.\d.
AA. Lateral spine more slender, less close to base, tip recurved. Elytra
fasciate with black,
b. Post-median fascia incomplete, broadly interrupted at suture.

.24-. 36 in signatus, Lee.

bb. Post-median fascia entire, not interrupted, broad.

Fascite oblique on each elytron, apex not black. .18-24

in querci, Fitch.

Fasciae transverse. apex also black. .12-. 16 in . .facetiis, Say.

A few notes have been published on food habits : L. signatus has

been found on dead sumach twigs, L. querci on oak. butternut and

hickory, L. facctus on juniper. The last has also been bred from beech

and hickory.

HvpERPLATVS, Hald.

H. aspersus, Say, and H. maculatus, Hald., occur in Canada,
according to the Society List. They are considered by Mr. Leng as
races of one species, which should be called by the former name. The
ground colour appears to be of a brownish or bluish-gray, tlie upper
surface maculate with numerous small roundish black spots. For
convenience the characters on which the names are based are copied
from Dr. Horn.

Elytra twice as long as wide at base. Antennae in both sexes at
least twice as long as the body aspersus. Say.

Elytra broader, not twice as long as wide. Antenna? not reaching
twice the length of the body in either sex tnaculatus, Hald.

Length, .14-. 26 inch. Breeds in poplars and apple twigs.

AcANTHOci.NUS, Steph.

Only one species occurs with us, A. obsoleius, Oliv., found about
pine lumber. It is a grayish beetle, .40-.60 in. long, the elytra coarsely,
not closely, punctured, with a rather indistinct raised line (costa) on each.
The ornamentation consists of a number of small dark blotches and three
undulated elytral bands, which are often more or less broken up. The
resemblance to some beetles of neighbouring genera is quite close, so
that careful reference should be njade to the characters giv?n in the
preceding t^ble,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

39

Graphisurus, Lacordaire.
The Canadian records include G. fasciatus, DeG., and G. tri-
anguiifer, Hald., but it is quite likely that the latter reference is incorrect,
the species being more essentially southern, and occurring from Missouri
and Ohio to the Gulf States.

Stouter, pubescence of upper liurface mostly ochreous. Prothorax
pale at sides, this pale area enclosing a few small black spots ;
median stripe broad, dark, and in turn enclosing three (2 sub-apical,
I sub-basal) ochreous spots. Elytra with ochreous pubescence
marked by many very small black spots, especially towards the
sides, scutellar area black, as is also a sub-humeral blotch, a large
many-angled, intensely black post-median blotch, not extending quite
to the suture, and a sub-apical angulate mark. Tarsi equal in width

in both sexes. .5 2-. 54 in triangu/ifer, Hald.

More elongate, pubesence of upper surface chiefly grayish, except
for dark markings, which consist of small, closely-placed spots and
blotches. These form a tolerably distinct line on each side of the
middle of the prothorax, and usually also an ante-median and
post-median irregular elytral fascia. Anterior and middle tarsi of
male broader than in female. .32-.56in. (Fig.

3.) fasciatits, DeG.

G. fasciatus is common in the lake regions, and
is said to breed in oak and maple. G. triaiigulifer
was found in the larval state boring under bark of
injured hackberry trees (Celtis texa/ia) by Mr.
Schwarz.

Cer.\tographi.s, Gahan.
Here belongs C. bignttata ( Liopus biguttaius,
Lee), which is unknown to me. Aside from the
generic characters, it is stated to be " elongate,
scarcely depressed, testaceous, pubescence brownish. Elytra indistinctly
mottled, each with an oblique black band behind the middle." Length,

.36 in.

Dorcaschema, Lee.

Represented in Canada by D. nigrum. Say, which has been bred
from hickory limbs. It is easily recognized by the long antenna^ entirely
black colour and cylindrical form, the prothorax tubularly narrowed
behind the middle, and with rugose disk. The elytral punctures are clear

40

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and deep, not very large nor crowded. Under surface clothed with paie
pubescence, which gives a leaden effect. Length, .32-
.40 in.

Oncideres, Serv,
The " hickory girdler," O. ciiigulatus, Say (fig. 4).
is the only Canadian species. It is variable in colour,
but the northern forms will approximate the following
description : Brownish or reddish yellow, i)rothoracic
spine blunt or wanting ; elytra with a broad transverse
band of (usually) cinereous pubescence and with
scattered yellow spots, these latter sometimes forming
tolerably regular rows. Length, .56-68 in. Dr.
Hamilton says that it occasionally girdles pear, apple,
plum, linden, elm, and various other trees.

Amphionycha, Lee.
A. flatnmata^ Newm., is .24-38 in. long, black, clothed with erect
dark hairs, the head with two yellow spots or stripes ; the sides of the
thorax are broadly, those of the elytra (usually nearly to tip) narrowly,
yellow. The elytral punctuation is very close and coarse. Antenn*
clothed with long hairs. Care should be taken not to mix this species
with Eupogonms subarfnatus, which it very closely resembles.

Saperda, Fabr.
All of the North American species have been found in Canada, so
we reproduce entire the table given by Dr. Hamilton in Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc, XXHL The larv?e of all mine in living trees, hence they are
extremely destructive.

A. Elytra separately acuminate at tip. Colour yellowish-brown,

with oblique darker bands. .64-. 7 6 in obliqua, Say.

AA. Elytra rounded at tip, with an acute sutural spine. Pubescence
cinereous, variegated with fulvous (or nearly uniform brownish-
yellow in the var. adspersa, Lee), shot with numerous black
denuded points, thorax vittate. i. 00-1.25 in., .calcaraia, Say.
AAA. Elytra obliquely narrowed and prolonged at tip, slightly
dehiscent, coarsely punctate. Pubescence thin, cinereous, varie-
gated with fulvous patches. Thorax trilineate with fulvous.
Antennae conspicuously annulated with white. .36 -.60
in mutica, Say.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

AAAA. Elytra rounded at tip.

b. Elytra vittate or with lateral stripes.

Pubescence silvery white ; thorax and elytra with
three broad pubescent brown vittx. .60-.80 in.

(Fig. 5.) Candida, Fabr.

f^'^II^j. Pubescence cinereous; head and thorax with bright

yellow pubescence, six black denuded spots on

V \XJ \. thorax. Elytra with broad marginal and sutural

stripe bright yellow. .3 7-. 40 in. .puncticoUis, Say.

Pubescence grayish. Elytra with broad submarginal

stripe, and sometimes also the suture narrowly

yellowish-scarlet. A broad stripe on each «ide of

^'°' 5' thorax. Surface colour piceous, punctures coarse.

.36-.60 in lateralis, Fabr.

Pubescence grayish. Elytra with broad submarginal
stripe (extending also along sides of thorax)
yellowish-scarlet, connected with which are three
oblique bands, which may reach the suture or be
reduced to mere short projections, surface colour
piceous, punctuation finer. .36-. 5 2 . .tridentata,0\\v.
bb. Elytra with white pubescent spots. Surface brown.

Thorax with two white stripes, besides a narrow discal
white line. Elytra each with two large white spots,
sides of under surface white. .40-80 \v\.creiata,^t\\\\i.
Thorax with two white stripes, no discal line. Elytra
each with a humeral and two subsutural white spots,
sometimes becoming obsolete in the male. Under
side altogether or with sides white. .40-48 in.
/ayi, Bland.

bbb. Elytra each with three small denuded spots, sometimes
wanting. Pubescence dense, uniformly olivaceous or

yellowish-brown. .48-76 in vestita, Say.

bbbb. Elytra with a transverse undulate fascia ; surface colour
piceous to ferruginous, punctuation coarse and deep.

.60 in disco idea ( $ ), Fabr.

bbbbb. Elytra unicolorous, not variegated.

Thorax with a broad denuded stripe each side of
the median line. Piceous to ferruginous, under side
with dense grayish - white pubescence. .40
in discoidea ( ^ ), Fabr,

42 THE CANADUN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Thorax with a denser line of gray pubescence each side,
black, coarsely punctured, pubescence thin, grayish
or (in Pacific Coast specimens) fulvous. .32-

.36 in mxsta, Lee.

Thoracic pubescence uniform. Black, densely clothed
throughout with cinereous pubescence, less coarsely

punctured. .44-48 in coiicolor, Lee.

Some of the recorded food plants of the species of Saperda are as
follows : 6". obliqua has been found in the adult state on black alder ;
S. calcarata breeds in various poplars and in basswood ; 6". Candida in
apple, crab apple, mountain ash, juneberry and hawthorn ; S. puncticollis
in poison ivy ; S. latera/is in hickory, elm and witch-hazel ; S. tridentata
chiefly in elm, also in maple ; 6". cretata and ^. fayi in thorn ( Cratce-
gus ) ; S. vestita in basswood; S. discoidea in hickory and butternut; S.
ma'sta in poplars ; and ■5'. concolor in poplars and willows.

EuPOGONius, Lee.
Three species are known from Canada. They may be known thus :
A. Elytra black, punctuation coarse quite to apex. Thorax black, with
a broad line of yellow pubescence near each lateral margin.

.28 — .32 in subarmaius, Lee.

AA. Elytra piceous or castaneous, punctuation finer or even obliterated
towards apex ; Elytra castaneous, punctuation finer, almost oblit-
erated at tip ; pubescence grayish or yellowish, forming reticula-
tions. .28 — .32 in iomeutostis, Hald.

Elytra piceous, punctuation stronger, pubescence luteous, forming

small mottlings or patches. .24 — .36 in vestitus, Say.

Of these, E. subartnatus bores in elm, E. tomentosus in pine and^
hickory, E. vestitus in hickory.

HoPLOsiA, Muls.
Represented by H. mibila, Lee, which is described by the author as
being ,35 in. long, blackish piceous, polished, irregularly clothed with
short, dense cinereous pubescence, thorax with acute lateral spine,
elytra with large, closely placed punctures anteriorly, tip rounded. It
lives on basswood.

POGONOCHERUS, Latr.
Two small blackish species belong here. They are variegated with
whitish or grayish pubescence, and the elytra are truncate, more or less
dentate at tip. P. pejiicillatus, Lee, is .24 in. long, blackish ; elytra with

niE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4:.)

sub-basal band of grayish pubescence, well marked lateral costae, and with
a row of five or six tufts of erect black setit;. P. mixtus, Hald., is .20-
.28 in. long, much resembling tiie former species, but the lateral costie of
the elytra are indistinct and the tufts wanting The extent of the pubes-
cent bands is variable. The elytra are clothed with erect black bristles,
in addition to the short pubescence. Bred from dead willow branches,
and found also on pear trees, while I have taken it ijuite abundantly on
poplar logs.

EcYRUS, Lee.
E. dasycerus, Say, has been bred from dead hickory limbs by Dr.
Hamilton. It is from .24-.32 inch long, brownish or cinereous, thorax
without well-marked tubercles, disk with two longitudinal approximate
dark lines, usually rather indistinct. Elytra with black arcuate band near
base, a number of black points (consistnig of bundles of hairs) arranged
in series, and a common indistinct white band behind the middle, which
may sometimes be wanting. The antennte are hairy beneath.

Oberea, Mulsant.
Contains very elongate, cylindrical species, easily recognized by
their facies. Some of them are quite variable in colour, and hence the
number of names proposed is in considerable excess of the species now
recognized. Mr. Leng has tabulated them according to structural
characters, leaving only three specific names to cover all the recorded
Canadian forms, thus :

Thorax with four callosities ; pygidium of female strongly pro-
tuberant. .45-60 in Schaumii, Led.

Thorax with two callosities ; pygidium of female feebly protuberant.

.3 2-. 70 in ... .tripu?ictata, Swed.

Thorax without callosities ; elytra densely pubescent. .60-70

in ruficollis, Fabr.

The colour varieties of tripiinctata are thus separated by Mr. Leng ;
amabilis is said to scarcely differ from viandariiia :
Body beneath black ; legs nearly or quite black.

Thorax yellow, with two discal and an antescutellar spot

black iripunctata, \\ Fabr.

Thorax yellow, with two discal spots alone b\a.ck. bimacu/ata, Oliv.
Body beneath in great part yellow ; head yellow, thorax with two

discal and an antescutellar spot black mandariua, Fabr.

Ixlost of the species of Oberea are found about raspberry and
blackberry, in the canes of which they bore. However, O. Schaujnii and
Q. mandarina breed in twigs of Cottonwood,

44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Tetraopes, Serv.
Moderate sized, stout insects, with short antennae and strongly
tuberculate thorax. They are found on Asclepias, the common milkweed,
in the stems and roots of which they are said to breed. The two
Canadian species may be known thus :

Smaller (.32-. 48 in.) ; body beneath, legs and antennae, black.
Above red; scutellum, four spots on the thorax and elytral
markings (a spot on the umbone, a large median heart-shaped
blotch and broad common apical space), black. These mark-
ings are liable to some variation through extension or diminu-
tion canteriator, Drap.

Larger (.36-.56 in.) ; ground colours and thoracic ornamentation
about as in the preceding species, the front angles and basal
margin sometimes also dark. Elytra with umbonal, two ante-
median (one subsutural, one discal) and one post- median spot on

each, black .' tetraophthalmiis, Forst.

The bibliography of the North American Cerambycidae is very exten-
sive. Aside from detached descriptions of species and biological notes,
the following papers, which are more or less synoptic or monographic m
form, are recommended for consultation :

1847. Haldeman, S. S. Materials towards a history of the Coleop-
tera Longicornia of the United States. Trans. Am. Phi!. Soc. Additions
and corrections to same, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, Vol. IV.

1850-1852. Leconte, J. L. An attempt to classify the Longicorn
Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

1873. Leconte, J. L. New species of North American Coleoptera,
Part IL, Smithsonian Institution. Contains tables of several genera.

1878. Horn, Geo. H. Notes on some genera of Cerambycidw of the
United States. Tr. Am. Ento. Soc.

1880. Horn, Geo. H. Notes on some genera of Cerambycidpe, with
descriptions of new species. Tr. Am. Ento. Soc.

1885. Horn, Geo. H. Descriptions of some new Cerambycidae, with
notes. Tr. Am. Ento. Soc.

1 884-1 890. Ldug, C. W. Synopses of Cerambycidje. Begun in
Bulletin Brooklyn Ento. Soc, Vol. VII., continued in Entomologica
Americana, Vols. I -VI. Contains tables of all genera up to and includ-
ing the Lepturoides. The remainder are treated in a paper, cited below,
by the same author in collaboration with Dr. Hamilton.

1890. Casey, Thos. L. Coleopterological Notices, II. hrxw. N. Y.
Acad, of Science. Tables of Ergates and Tragosoma.

1891 Casey, Thos. L. Coleopterological Notices, III. Ann. N.
Y. Acad, of Sci. Contains synopses of several of the smaller genera.

1893. Casey, Thos. L. Coleopterological Notices, V. Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. Tables of four genera.

1896. Leng, C. VV., and Hamilton, John. The Lamiinte of North
America. Trans. Am. Ento. Soc.

THE CANADIAN KNTOMOLOGIST. 45

THE MONTREAL BRANCH.

The 2iith regular monthly meeting of the Montreal Branch of the
Entomological Society of Ontario was held on nth January, at 74 Mc-
Tavish street; Mr. Henry H. Lyman, president, in the chair. Dr. James
Fletcher, F. L. S., F. R. S. C, the Government Entomologist, had come
down from Ottawa to attend the meeting, and gave a full and most
interesting account of the San Jose scale, the insect pest which is so
destructive to the fruit-growing industry, and the introduction of which
into Canada from infected nurseries in the LTnited States has caused such
widespread alarm. Dr. Fletcher gave an account of its life history,
described the features which distinguish it from other and comparatively
harmless scale insects, and the most approved remedies for controlling
and, if possible, exterminating it. A hearty vote of thanks to Dr.
Fletcher was unanimously passed. The President read a letter from Mr.
John G. Jack, now of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, who
still keeps up his membership in the Branch, announcing the donation of
three valuable United States Government reports to the library of the
Branch. A cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Jack was unanimously adopted.
The President read a paper entitled '• Further Notes on the Genus^
Chionobas," illustrated with specimens of nearly all the known species
and varieties from this continent, as well as some from the Old World.
After discussion and the examination of many interesting specimens,
among them some brought back by the Hudson's Bay expedition from the
far north, the meeting adjourned.

NEWS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL

MUSEUM.
The collection of insects of the U. S. National Museum at Washing-
ton is rapidly increasing. A great donation, the details of which have
just been completed, is the large Hubbard and Schwarz collection of
Coleoptera. This is one of the first collections of Coleoptera in the
United States. It comprises from 10,000 to 12.000 species brought
together by Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz during the last twenty-five
years. It has especial value from its fine condition and accurate label-
ling, affording possibly the best source of information regarding geo-
graphical distribution. This collection adds about 3,000 species to the
collection of Coleoptera of the Museum. It contains a moderate number
of types, but a large number of co-types of the species described by Le-
conte and Horn. It also contains some exotics, notably a good collec-

46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

tion of West Indian micro-Coleoptera, and is practically unique in its
large series of coleopterous larvae and pupa? in alcohol.

The death of Mr. M. L. I.inell, in the spring of 1897, was a severe
blow to the Department, but a rearrangement has been effected by which
an excellent working force has been secured. The Department has been
extremely fortunate in attaching to it Dr. Harrison G. Dyar. Since the
departure of Dr. John B. Smith there has practically been no Lepidop-
terist in Washington, and Dr. Dyars advent is especially welcome. He
has entirely rearranged the collection of Lepidoptera, and has deposited
in the Museum his own large collection of some 15,000 specimens. The
force as at present constituted is: L. O. Howard, Honorary Curator: Wm,
H. Ashmead, Assistant Curator and Custodian of Hymenoptera ; Har-
rison G. Dyar, Custodian of Lepidoptera ; E. A. Schwarz, Custodian
of Coleoptera ; D. AV. Coquillett, Custodian of Diptera ; and R. R.
Currie, Aid.

For a department which has bought no large collections, the Depart-
ment of Insects is rich in type material. The catalogue shows the
existence of over 4,000 types in the different orders.

Recent accessions of special value are a collection of European bees,
representing all of the genera known except one ; the Hubbard material
in all orders recently collected in Arizona ; the African material collected
in Liberia by Cook and Currie ; the African and Siamese material
collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott ; a collection of Coccinellidas and Psyllidae
made by Albert Koebele in Japan, Australia, China, and Mexico : a col-
lection of parasitic Hymenoptera made by the same collector in the
countries above indicated ; a very large collection of Japanese insects in
all orders presented by the Imperial University of Tokio through Pro-
fessor Alitsukuri ; the T. A. Williams collection of Aphididte, comprising
over 800 slides of forms collected in the Northwest. Sm.aller donations
are constantly being received from collectors and specialists and the
number of those received in the course of the year form very important
additions to the collection.

The facilities for the preservation of specimens have been very con-
siderably increased,several hundred of the permanent glass-covered drawers
having been added.

It is with profound regret that we record the death of Dr. George
H. Horn, the eminent Coleopterist, which took place at Beesley's Point,
N. J., on the 24th of November last. He was President of the American
Entomological Society and Director of the Entomological Section of the
Academy of National Sciences of Philadelphia, and one of the few
honorary members of the Entomological Society of Ontario.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45

THE MONTREAL BRANCH.

The 2 nth regular monthly meeting of the Montreal Branch of the
Entomological Society of Ontario was held on nth January, at 74 Mc-
Tavish street; Mr. Henry H. Lyman, president, in the chair. Dr. James
Fletcher, F. L. S., F. R. S. C, the Government Entomologist, had come
down from Ottawa to attend the meeting, and gave a full and most
interesting account of the San Jose scale, the insect pest which is so
destructive to the fruit-growing industry, and the introduction of which
into Canada from infected nurseries in the United States has caused such
widespread alarm. Dr. Fletcher gave an account of its life history,
described the features which distinguish it from other and comparatively
harmless scale insects, and the most approved remedies for controlling
and, if possible, exterminating it. A hearty vote of thanks to Dr.
Fletcher was unanimously passed. The President read a letter from Mr.
John G. Jack, now of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, who
still keeps up his membership in the Branch, announcing the donation of
three valuable United States Government reports to the library of the
Branch. A cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Jack was unanimously adopted.
The President read a paper entitled '• Further Notes on the Genus
Chionobas," illustrated with specimens of nearly all the known species
and varieties from this continent, as well as some from the Old World.
After discussion and the examination of many interesting specimens,
among them some brought back by the Hudson's Bay expedition from the
far north, the meeting adjourned.

NEWS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS, U. S, NATIONAL

MUSEUM.

The collection of insects of the U. S. National Museum at Washing-
ton is rapidly increasing. A great donation, the details of which have
just been completed, is the large Hubbard and Schwarz collection of
Coleoptera. This is one of the first collections of Coleoptera in the
United States. It comprises from 10,000 to 12.000 species brought
together by Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz during the last twenty-five
years. It has especial value from its fine condition and accurate label-
ling, affording possibly the best source of information regarding geo-
graphical distribution. This collection adds about 3,000 species to the
collection of Coleoptera of the Museum. It contains a moderate number
of types, but a large number of co-types of the species described by Le-
conte and Horn. It also contains some exotics, notably a good coUec-

46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

tion of West Indian micro-Coleoptera, and is practically unique in its
large series of coleopterous larvcTS and pupte in alcohol.

The death of Mr. M. L. Linell, in the spring of 1897, was a severe
blow to the Department, but a rearrangement has been effected by which
an excellent working force has been secured. The Department has been
extremely fortunate in attaching to it Dr. Harrison G. Dyar. Since the
departure of Dr. John B. Smith there has practically been no Lepidop-
terist in Washington, and Dr. Dyar's advent is especially welcome. He
has entirely rearranged the collection of Lepidoptera, and has deposited
in the Museum his own large collection of some 15,000 s]:)ecimens. The
force as at present constituted is: L. O. Howard, Honorary Curator; Wm.
H. Ashmead, Assistant Curator and Custodian of Hymenoptera ; Har-
rison G. Dyar, Custodian of Lepidoptera ; E. A. Schwarz, Custodian
of Coleoptera ; D. W. Coquillett, Custodian of Diptera ; and R. R.
Currie, Aid.

For a department which has bought no large collections, the Depart-
ment of Insects is rich in type material. The catalogue shows the
existence of over 4,000 types in the different orders.

Recent accessions of special value are a collection of European bees,
representing all of the genera known except one ; the Hubbard material
in all orders recently collected in Arizona ; the African materia! collected
in Liberia by Cook and Currie ; the African and Siamese material
collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott ; a collection of Coccinellidte and Psyllidae
made by Albert Koebele in Japan, Australia, China, and Mexico ; a col-
lection of parasitic Hymenoptera made by the same collector in the
countries above indicated ; a very large collection of Japanese insects in
all orders presented by the Imperial University of Tokio through Pro-
fessor Mitsukuri ; the T. A. Williams collection of i\phidida;, comprising
over 800 slides of forms collected in the Northwest. Smaller donations
are constantly being received from collectors and specialists and the
number of those received in the course of the year form very important
additions to the collection.

The facilities for the preservation of specimens have been very con-
siderably increased, several hundred of the permanent glass-covered drawers
having been added.

It is with profound regret that we record the death of Dr. George
H. Horn, the eminent Coleopterist, which took place at Beesley's Point,
N. J., on the 24th of November last. He was President of the American
Entomological Society and Director of the Entomological Section of the
Academy of National Sciences of Philadelphia, and one of the few
honorary members of the Entomological Society of Ontario.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

47

(=%f^

AN ANTS'-NEST COCCID FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY J. D. TINSLEV, MESILLA PARK, N. M.

Phenacoccus soienopsis, n. sp.

Adult $. — Lengih, 5 mm.; width, 3 mm.; many are smaller than
this, but this seems to be the average size of the adult containing eggs.
Colour yellowish-gray, although they appear light gray, from the mealy
secretion which covers the body.

Shape, ellipsoidal, dorsal surface quite convex, ventral surface flat, ex-
tremities rather pointed. Segmentation quite distinct to naked eye. Ex-
tremely short lateral appendages, little projections just visible; caudal
apjDendages a little longer.

Legs and antennae pale brown.

Dorsum has no bands, marks or ridges. Antennae (fig. 6) of 9 seg-
ments ; segment 2 longest, one-third longer than 9, which is next ; segment
3 next longest and about three-quarters the length of 2 ;
segment i usually next, although it is sometimes longer
than 3, and sometimes sub-equal with 5 ; segment 4 is
shorter than 5 ; 5 is usually shorter than 3, but is al-
ways appreciably longer than 4, 6, 7, or 8 ; 6 and 7
usually sub-equal ; 8 often sub-equal with 6 and 7, but
usually shorter.

Formula 293 (15) 4 (67) 8. Segments of antenna^
with moderately stout hairs, segments i, 4, 6, 7 and 8
having one ring and the others two or more rings of
hairs. See figure of antenna.

Legs. — Femur fairly stout, being nearly half as
wide as long (width 116 /a, length 282 /j.), surface bears
numerous bristles ; tibia fairly stout (width 42 //, length
282 //.), equal in length to the femur, bears numerous
fairly stout spines ; tarsus conical, not quite one-half the length of the
tibia (length 105 /x), several spines and a pair of long, slender digitules ;
claw rather small (length 34 /x), a pair of fairly stout, knobbed digitules.

Anal lobes and ring normal.

Ovisac. — The one ovisac which I have found was on the stem of
Kallstro'inia brachystylis, Vail, and was about 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide,
and rather loose in texture.

Eggs and newly-hatched larvje pale yellow ; male as yet unknown.
Habitat. — In nests of Soienopsis geminata, Fab., about the roots of

48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Boerhavia spicata, Choisy, and of Kallstroemia brachystylis, Vail.
These plants grow on the sandy mesa, in the atriplex belt, and on dig-
ging around their roots one is apt to find a nest of this ant ; and on the
roots, either just at the surface or up to the depth of an inch below, the
Coccids are found. I have also found a few of them on the stems of K.
brachystylis^ which are prostrate. Found October 15th, 1897, on grounds
of the N. jSI. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.

Remarks. — This Coccid would at first thought be taken for Phena-
coccus helinnthi, Ckll., which occurs in the same locality and is found
quite abundantly in early spring on a F/iacelia, sp., but they differ in the
following respects : P. helianthi has the caudal and lateral filaments
quite prominent, and there are well-marked dorsal ridges ; all these are
absent in this species. In helianthi, segments 2 and 3 of the antennae are
usually longer than in this, 2 being about 90 //., and 3, 80 /x, which is con-
siderably longer than the third in this species ; 9 is about the same length
in both species. The formula of helia?ithi is 239 45 16 (78). This
species is also broader and thicker in proportion to its length.

The ovisac of helianthi is also much more compact in texture than
in this one. From P. Americance, King and Ckll, it differs in having
the legs and antennas much larger, and in having ninth joint shorter than
either 2 or 3.

This is the first Coccid found associated with ants in New Mexico.

BOOK NOTICE.

Stories of Insect Life. — By Clarence Moores Weed. Ginn (S: Com-
pany, Publishers, Boston, U. S. A., and London ; pp. 54, with many
illustrations. Price, 25 cents.
The title indicates the nature of the book, and no one will mistake
the figure of the well-known " Mourning Cloak " butterfly on the front
cover, even though no attempt was made in the way of colour. This is for
the young people, and just the thing for boys and girls who are romping
and playing over the fields and meadows, securing that most important
element in an education, health. The insects treated of are the most
common, and this is a great advantage, because it is usually the things that
are the nearest to us that we know the least about. Get the children to
observe the common things carefully, and they will be all the better pre-
pared to look after the uncommon, later on in life. I only wish that some
philanthropist would buy up the whole edition of this work and present
them to the school children of the country. Surely it would help to make
better men and women of many boys and girls, and open up to them a
world of wonders that are to be seen by any, no matter how lowly, pro-
vided they only know how and where to look. F. M. W.

Mailed February 4th, 1898.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

47

L%t-

AN ANTS'-NEST COCCID FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY J. D. TINSLEV, MESILLA PARK, N. M.

Pheiiacoccus solenopsis, n. sp.

Adult 5. — Lengih, 5 mm.; width, 3 mm.; many are smaller than
this, but this seems to be the average size of the adult containing eggs.
Colour yellowish-gray, although they appear light gray, from the mealy
secretion which covers the body.

Shape, ellipsoidal, dorsal surface quite convex, ventral surface flat, ex-
treraities rather pointed. Segmentation quite distinct to naked eye. Ex-
tremely short lateral appendages, little projections just visible; caudal
appendages a little longer.

Legs and antennae pale brown.

Dorsum has no bands, marks or ridges. Antennas (fig. 6) of 9 seg-
ments ; segment 2 longest, one-third longer than 9, which is next ; segment
3 next longest and about three-quarters the length of 2 ;
segment i usually next, although it is sometimes longer
than 3, and sometimes sub-equal with 5 ; segment 4 is
shorter than 5 ; 5 is usually shorter than 3, but is al-
ways appreciably longer than 4, 6, 7, or S ; 6 and 7
usually sub-equal ; 8 often sub-equal with 6 and 7, but
usually shorter.

Formula 293 (15) 4 (67) 8. Segments of antenna?
with moderately stout hairs, segments i, 4, 6, 7 and 8
having one ring and the others two or more rings of
hairs. See figure of antenna.

Legs. — Femur fairly stout, being nearly half as
wide as long (width 116/^, length 282^), surface bears
numerous bristles ; tibia fairly stout (width 42 /x, length
282 /x), equal in length to the femur, bears numerous
fairly stout spines ; tarsus conical, not quite one-half the length of the
tibia (length 105 /x), several spines and a pair of long, slender digitules ;
claw rather small (length 34 /x), a pair of fairly stout, knobbed digitules.

Anal lobes and ring normal.

Ovisac. — The one ovisac which I have found was on the stem of
Kallstra'viia brac/iystylis, \'ail., and was about 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide,
and rather loose in texture.

Eggs and newly-hatched larvie pale yellow ; male as yet unknown.
Habitat. — In nests of Solenopsis i^eminata. Fab., about the roots of

48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Bcerhavia spicata, Choisy, and of Kallstrcemia brachystylis, Vail.
These plants grow on the sandy mesa, in the atriplex belt, and on dig-
ging around their roots one is apt to find a nest of this ant ; and on the
roots, either just at the surface or up to the depth of an inch below, the
Coccids are found. I have also found a few of them on the stems of K.
brachystylis, which are prostrate. Found October 15th, 1S97, on grounds
of the N. jM. College of Agriculture and Mechanic rVrts.

Remarks. — This Coccid would at first thought be taken for Phena-
cocais helianthi, Ckll., which occurs in the same locality and is found
quite abundantly in early spring on a Phacelia, sp., but they differ in the
following respects : P. Jielianthi has the caudal and lateral filaments
quite prominent, and there are well-marked dorsal ridges ; all these are
absent in this species. In /ie/ia?iihi, segments 2 and 3 of the antennae are
usually longer than in this, 2 being about 90 /x, and 3, 80 jx, which is con-
siderably longer than the third in this species ; 9 is about the same length
in both species. The formula of he/ianthi is 239 45 16 (78). This
species is also broader and thicker in proportion to its length.

The ovisac of Jielianthi is also much more compact in texture than
in this one. From P. Americance, King and Ckll, it differs in having
the legs and antennae much larger, and in having ninth joint shorter than
either 2 or 3.

This is the first Coccid found associated with ants in New Mexico.

BOOK NOTICE.

Stories of Insect Life. — By Clarence Moores Weed. Ginn & Com-
pany, Publishers, Boston, U. S. A., and London ; pp. 54, with many
illustrations. Price, 25 cents.
The title indicates the nature of the book, and no one will mistake
the figure of the well-known " Mourning Cloak " butterfly on the front
cover, even though no attempt was made in the way of colour. This is for
the young people, and just the thing for boys and girls who are romping
and playing over the fields and meadows, securing that most important
element in an education, health. The insects treated of are the most
common, and this is a great advantage, because it is usually the things that
are the nearest to us that we know the least about. Get the children to
observe the common things carefully, and they will be all the better pre-
pared to look after the uncommon, later on in life. I only wish that some
philanthropist would buy up the whole edition of this work and present
them to the school children of the country. Surely it would help to make
better men and women of many boys and girls, and open up to them a
world of wonders that are to be seen by any, no matter how lowly, pro-
vided they only know how and where to look. F. M. W.

Mailed February 4th, 189S.

Can. Ent., Vol. XXX.

Plate 4,

A RARE ABERRATION OF VANESSA ANTIOPA, ETC.

1}^ Canarimn miitomalogbt.

Vol. XXX. LONDON, MARCH, 1898. No. 3.

A RARE ABERRATION OF VANESSA ANTIOPA.

BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.

In figure 6 of the accompanying plate we have a fair representation
of a most interesting aberration of Vanessa Antiopa. This differs from
the normal form in the most striking manner, all yellow of the border
and the yellow markings on the costa above being replaced by deep
brown. Below, the border and the few yellow markings of the normal
form are of a very smoky hue, though by no means as dark as above.

It was taken by Mr. C. D'B. Green, at Boundary Creek, B. C, on
23rd August, presumably in 1S95. Mr. Green knocked the specimen
down with his hat, as he had no net, and it was thus slightly damaged,
but is in very good condition considering the manner of its capture. The
specimen is a 9 . A somewhat similar aberration is described by Dr.
Strecker in his ." Butterflies and Moths of North America " as being in
his collection as follows : " j ab. b. $ — -With the border on upper side
of primaries black instead of yellow," from which I judge that in that
case the secondaries were normal. Of course for black we should
probably read dark brown, as I do not believe that any specimen of
Antiopa has ever been seen with a really black border.

If this aberration should be found to recur and to become entitled
to be considered a variety, I would suggest the name Hippolyta, a queen
of the Amazons of whom Antiopa was another queen.

The other figures on the plate are as follows :

No. I — Brephos Infans, Moeschl., $.

No. 2— " " " ? .

No. 3 — " " " blown larva.

These illustrate Mr. T. Dwight Brainerd's paper on the preparatory
stages of this species, Can. Ent., XXIX., 272.

No. 4 — Colias Philodice, Scud., $ , var. Melanic.

No. 5— " " " $, " Albinic suffused.

Described by Mr. T. Dwight Brainerd, Can. Ent., XXVIII., 305.

No. 7 — Colias Interior, Scud., f( , from Cartier, Ont.

No. 8 — " " " 9 , " the Adirondacks.

These illustrate my paper on the life history of this species, Can
Ent., XXIX., 249.

50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN BEES.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Chely?iia mbifloris, n. sp. — ? • Eight mm. long, black, with sparse
grayish and white pubescence. Head almost as large as thorax, quad-
rate, produced behind the eyes, cheeks very broad ; cheeks, vertex and
face very strongly and closely punctured ; region of antennae with some
dull white hair; ocelli in a triangle: antennae rather short, black, last
joint compressed, funicle longer than first flagellar joint, first flagellar joint
conspicuously longer than second or third ; clypeus broad and low, punc-
tured all over, its anterior margin bearing a small tooth at each side,
and in the middle a long, narrow projection, like the thoracic spine of
some species of Oxybelus. Mandibles black, stout, obscurely bidentate
at the obliquely truncate ends. Labrum greatly j^roduced, hollowed
beneath, sides parallel, end truncate. Tongue very long, linear ; max-
illte greatly elongated ; penultimate joint of labial palpi broadened at
apex, shorter than the last \ basal joint not quite half, but more than one-
third, length of second ; maxillary palpi small, three-jointed, the joints
subequal. Thorax rather small, strongly and closely punctured ; base of
metathorax coarsely wrinkled, bounded by an obtuse rim. Tegulae black,
punctured. Wings smoky, nervures and stigma black, stigma well-formed
but small ; marginal cell long, with an obtuse apex away from costa ; two
submarginal cells, second receiving first recurrent nervure at a distance
from base nearly equal to length of first transverso-cubital nervure, and
second recurrent very near the apex. Legs black, with thin whitish pub-
escence. Abdomen punctured, with obscure silvery pile towards the
end ; hind margins of segments with white hair-bands, very broadly in-
terrupted on the first three segments, on the first reduced to lateral
patches. Venter with a fairly abundant white scopa.

Hab. — Seattle, Washington State. (T. Kincaid.) Two at flowers of
Rubus ur sinus, May 14.

In describing this extraordinary bee I have given the generic as well
as specific characters. Provancher placed his genus Chelynia among the
Panurgine Andrenidse, but the insect now described is an Apid allied
closely to Heriades, and especially to Ashmeadiella. This circumstance,
and the fact that Provancher's C. labiata does not exhibit the remarkable
clypeal process, might seem to throw doubt on the generic identification ;
but the large head, the extraordinary labrum, etc., are all as Provancher
describes, and it seems very improbable that he could have had another
genus before him.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51

Ashmeadiella Hoitii, n. sp. — $. Length nearly 6 mm., head and
thorax black, abdomen and legs mostly ferruginous. Head nearly as
large as thorax, eyes very large ; face about square, covered with snow-
white pubescence, as also are the cheeks ; vertex punctured, with thin
pale mouse-coloured pubescence ; antennae short, flagellum dull ferrugi-
nous beneath ; mandibles ferruginous, tridentate, the outer tooth long,
slender and black. Thorax not very closely punctured, the pubescence
white beneath and at the sides, grayish above. Tegulse amber colour.
Wings short, quite clear. Legs ferruginous with white pubescence ; an-
terior coxae and femora and middle coxae and femora more or less black-
ened. Abdomen punctured, ferruginous; first segment black at base, and
dorsal middle of second and third segments suffused with blackish ;
no distinct liair-bands, but apex largely clothed with white hair ; apex
with four teeth, the median ones somewhat further from each other than
from the lateral.

Hab. — College Farm, Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, May 2, 1895.
Collected by Mr. Alfred Holt. Allied to A. bigelovice, but very distinct
by the red abdomen.

Halictus olympice, n. sp. — ?. Nearly 10 mm. long, black. In
structure, colour, the shiny surface, the white patches on the abdomen,
etc., this agrees with If. pectoraloides ; it differs, however, in being con-
siderably larger, and much broader in every way ; the abdomen is very
broad, and the head is transversely oval, with an extremely broad face.
The abdomen, including the first segment, is very distinctly punctured.
The antennae are proportionately longer than in pectoraloides, and the
mesothorax is more closely punctured. The base of the metathorax is
covered with quite regular, strong, longitudinal ridges. The tegulae are
shining, piceous, with a brown spot and a pale edge. Wings slightly
smoky, nervures and stigma dark brown. Hind spur of hind tibia with
numerous short teeth.

Hab. — Olympia, Washington State, June 26, 1896. (T. Kincaid.)
Also from Olympia, Mr. Kincaid sends what may be called If. o/ympyice,
var. subangustus. It differs from the type by the narrower and more hairy
face, the translucent pale testaceous tegulie, and the narrower basal
enclosure of the metathorax. It is possible that siibangusttis is a distinct
species, but I think it is only a variety.

Halictus Kincaidii, n. sp. — $ . About 8 mm. long, black. This is
another species of the type o{ pectoraloides, from which it differs tiius :

;")2 THE CANADIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST.

It is more robust, with a broader abdomen ; the wings are quite smoky ;
the pubescence of the face and thoracic dorsum are mouse colour ; the
face is perceptibly broader ; the tegula? are piceous and ptindiired all
over ; the mesothorax is dull and strongly and closely, though irregularly,
punctured : the enclosure of the metathorax is somewhat more strongly
subreticulately wrinkled ; the bases of the abdominal segments are
dullish, but there is no well defined punctuation.

Hab. — Olympia, \\^ashington State, June 13, 1895.

H. similis. Smith, which Mr. Kincaid took at Olympia in May and
June, differs from Kincaidii at once by its honey-coloured (instead of
piceous) stigma, broader head, and impunctate tegula?. From H.
olympiie, siinilis is readily known by the impunctate abdomen, and the
hind spur of hind tibia pectinate with four teeth, instead of dentate-
serrate. The spur is also pectinate in Kincaidii. H. si?nilis, it may be
remarked, differs from H. arcuatus by the impunctate first abdominal
segment and the larger second submarginal cell, etc. H. olympice, v.
subangiisius, is much like arcnaius, but is readily knovvn from it by its
broader face and dark stigma.

Halictus Lerouxii, var. riiborum, n. var. — $ • Somewhat smaller
than usual ; pubescence all strongly tinged orange or yellowish-rufous ;
tegulge reddish-brown (or sometimes quite dark), distinctly punctured
along the margin ; tarsi mostly, and hind tibiae behind, clear ferruginous.
Hmd spur of hind tibia pectinate with about nine teeth, only the first
three large.

Hab. — Seattle, Washington State, May 14, on Ricbus jir sinus. (T.
Kincaid.) This looks like a distinct species, but other Lerouxii from
Seattle are intermediate between it and the type, having the legs dark,
but the pubescence and tegulge oi ruborum. Some Lerouxii from Olym-
pia (Kincaid) are hardly larger than coriaceus, but the broad face still
distinguishes them.

It may be remarked here that Mr. Kincaid takes at Olympia not
only H. Lerouxii and LL. coriaceus, but also H. sisy/nbrii, Ckll., a species
hitherto reported only from New Mexico. I have also identified from
the Olympia material LL. fasciatus, Nyl., Rob., and LL. confusus, Sm., Rob.

LLalictoides Tinsleyi., n. sp. — 5. Six mm. long, black, with rather
sparse dirty-white pubescence. Head rather small, facial quadrangle
about square, face and cheeks_ quite hairy ; antennce very short, wholly
dark, flagellum quite thick ; vertex appearing coarsely granular from the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I

very close i)unctuation, clypeus with lateral projecting angles ; tongue
apparently rather short, nearly as in Heniihalicitis ; mesothorax dull and
granular from the excessively close punctures ; base of nietathorax semi-
lunar, with fine longitudinal plications or stri?e ; tegulse piceous. Wings
smoky, iridescent, nervures and stigma black or piceous ; stigma rather
small, basal nervure noticeably but not abruptly bent ; second submar-
ginal cell about as long as the first, receiving the first recurrent nervure at
less than one fourth from its base, and the second (at a right angle) about
one-sixth from its tip. Legs black, with whitish hairs ; hind legs with a
rather abundant scopa, carrying considerable yellow pollen. Abdomen
hardly punctured, except that the first segment near its base exhibits large
scattered punctures ; hind margins of segments pallid ; apical half of
abdomen pruinose with pale hairs.

Hab. — Five taken by Prof J. D. Tinsley at flowers of Gymnolomia
mtdtiflora, in Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., New Mexico, 7,000 feet alt.,
Sept. 25, 1897. I am not quite sure about the generic position of this
little bee. The tongue suggests Hemihalicttts, but the wings are entirely
those of Haiictoides, and differ from Hemihalidiis. I sent an example of
H. Tifisleyi to Mr. W. J. Fox, who kindly compared it with Cresson's
types of " PamirgHs" and writes that it '"is apparently different from any
here. It is not fimbriatus, which has the abdomen much more hairy.
It may be the 9 oi nigrifrons.hnK. I am inclined to think not." (Litt.,
Nov. s, 1897.)

ON THE DIPTEROUS GENUS EUSIPHONA.

BY D. W. COQUILLETT, W.\SHINGTON, D. C.

At the time of establishing this genus, in my recent revision of the
Tachinidpe, I had only two specimens before me ; in both of these the
wings are bent backward in such a manner as to prevent a critical
examination of the lower calypteres, but as the specimens otherwise agree
quite closely with the Tachinid genus Gymnophania, I concluded to place
the present genus next to it. The recent examination, however, of a
perfect specimen from Mr. Charles Robertson, of Carlinville, Illinois,
reveals the fact that the lower calypteres are extremely small, being, in
fact, rudimentary, and this genus must therefore be transferred from
the Tachinidae to the superfamily Acalyptrata. In all the essential
characters it agrees with the family Agromyzidte, and its proper place is
evidently in the vicinity of the genus Desmometopa, from which it will be
readily recognized by the strongly convex front and the excessively
long, bristle-like proboscis.

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

SOME INDIANA ACRIDID^.. — IV.

BY W. S. BLATCHLEY. INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Since the publication of the third paper of this series in the
Canadian Entomologist for August and September, 1894, my time has
been so fully occupied with other duties that but little opportunity has
been presented for the collection and study of Indiana Orthoptera. Notes
have been made and specimens taken only of such species as came
readily to hand during field work in geology. A better knowledge of the
distribution over the State of many of the Acrididse has, however, been
gained, and seven species and one variety have been added to the number
formerly listed, and to my private collection. Of these, one species and
variety have been described as new by Prof A. P. Morse, a second is
described for the first time in the present paper, and a third has before
been taken only in Montana and Nebraska.

The publication of McNeill's " Truxalinte of North America" and
of Scudder's " Revision of the Melanopli," especially the latter, has made
necessary a number of changes in the synonymy of the species previously
accredited to the State. A new list of all Acrididae mentioned in this
and the former papers, with their present nomenclature, is, therefore,
appended. It is to be hoped that the papers as published have added
something of value to the knowledge of the habits and geographical dis-
tribution of this interesting group of insects.

ACRIDID-^.

Truxalin.e.

I. Orphula pelidna (Burm).* The Spotted-winged (Grasshopper.

Gomphoceriis pelidinis Burm., Handbuch II., 1838, 650.

Stenobothrus pendnus Thos.j'iiyn. Acrid., 1873, 95.

Orphula pelidna Rev. Trux., N. A, 1897, 235.

Stetioboihrus /naculipe/inis Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII.,

1862, 458,

Orphula maculipetmis Morse, Psyche, VII., 1896, 326.

Stenobothrus propinquans Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII.,

1862, 461.

This species has been described or mentioned under the above

names by many different persons, and no attempt is made to give a com-

*When the author of a species referred it to a different genus from that to which it
is now recognized as belonging, his name is enclosed in a parenthesis.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55

plete synonymy. That given by McNeill, loc. cit., is faulty and mis-
leading to beginners, in that the name Gomp/iocenis is wrongly used for
Stenobot/irus in a number of the references.

Although it is said to occur in abundance in the United States east
of the Rocky Mountains, I did not meet with this species in Indiana
during ten years collecting until the 27th of last July, when I found it in
abundance about the margins of a small lake in one of the valleys
among the sand dunes of Lake County.

It uses both the wings and legs in flight, and when close pressed
often burrows into the fallen grass in an attempt to escape detection. Of
twenty-one specimens taken but three were females, and they were of the
green variety. Five of the males were also partly green, the remainder
being brown and fuscous.
2. Mecostethu.s lineatus (Scudder.)

Arcyptera liiieata Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII., 1862, 462.
Id., Am. Nat., II., 1868, 118. (Song of)
Id., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XL, 1S68, 8.

(Note of set to music.)
Id., Dist. Ins. of N. Hamp., 1874, 373.
Smith, Rep. Conn. Bd. Agri., 1872, 381.
McNeill, Psyche, VI., 1891, 66.
Stetheophyiiui /ineata Thos., Syn. Acrid., (873, 98.

Id , Ninth Rep. St. Entoni., 111., 1880, 104.
Fernald, Orth. N. Eng , 1888, s^.
Bruner, List Neb. Orth., 1893, 23.
Morse, Psyche, VII., 1894, 105.
Mccostcthus lineatus Morse, Psyche, VII., 1896, 327, 444, figs.

McNeill, Rev. Trux. N. Am., 1897, 254, figs.
22a, 22b.
The range of this species as given by McNeill is " N. Eng. to N. 111.
and Iowa." He also adds that it is a " rare species, reported but a few
times." The above synonymy includes all references to it by American
writers. Some of these references, as those of Thomas, Smith, and
Fernald, were based on Scudder's writings, the author not having
collected it in person. The only definite localities from which it has
been recorded are: Norway, Me.; Williamstown and Andover, Mass.;
Valley of the Red River of the North, by Scudder ; North Haven and

56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Thompson, Ct., and Readville, Sherburn and Newtonville, Mass., by
Morse ; and Iowa side of Mississippi, opposite Watertown, 111., by Mc-
Neill. Bruner also reports it as " occurring in the timbered parts of the
eastern half of Nebraska," a fact which McNeill seems to have over-
looked.

It was noted for the first time in Indiana on July 13th, 1894, when a
single male was secured from open ground near the side of a tamarack
svvamp, just north of Kewanna, Fulton Co. On the following day it was
found in small numbers in a boggy meadow between two spurs of another
tamarack swamp, just west of Lear's Lake, in the same county. The males
were very wild, taking to flight when a person was a dozen yards or more
away. They used the wings only in escaping, flying swiftly and
noiselessly for 50 to 100 feet and alighting on the stems of tall grass.
The only way in which I could effect their capture was by running after
them and swooping them with the net as they arose or before they had
time to arrange their legs for the upward impetus at the beginning of a
new flight. But two females were seen. They were much darker and
more bulky and lubberly than the males, and being in a more open
place, where the grass was shorter, were easily taken. The species
probably occurs in the vicinity of tamarack swamps and peat bogs
throughout the northern half of Indiana, though it was not noted about
several which have been visited in the last three years.

Oedipodin<«.
3. PsiNiDiA FENESTRALis (Scrville.) The Long-horned Grasshopper.

Oedipoda fenestralis Serv., Hist. Nat. des Orth., 1839, 726.
Thos., Syn. Acrid., 1873, ^^S.

Locusta fenestralis Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., 1S62, 177.

Psinidia fenestralis Stal., Recens. Orth., I., 1873.

Sauss., Prod. Oedipod.^ 1884, 161.

Fern., Orth. N. Eng., 1888, 44.

Beut., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI., 1894,

303, PI. VIII.
Morse, Psyche, VIII., 1897, iir, fig. 28.

Locusta eucerata Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, 180.

Oedipoda eucerata Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI I., 1862, 472.

This handsome little Acridian has been mentioned by numerous
other writers under the names given above, but it is not thought best to
give the full synonymy in this connection. The species evidently occurs

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57

from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, wherever there are extensive
sand-covered areas, having been reported from Colorado and Canon
Cities, by Uhler ; from north-west Nebraska, by Bruner ; from Illinois,
by McNeill ; and from various points on the Atlantic coast between Maine
and Louisiana, by Harris, Scudder, Smith, Morse, and others.

In Indiana, it has been noted only in Lake and Porter counties in
the sandy area bordering Lake Michigan, where it was first taken July
27, 1897. It is most common along the beach within one-half mile of
the lake, in company with Trimerotropis maritima (Harris) and Sphara-
gemon wyomingensis (Thos.), though a few specimens were taken on
sandy ridges five miles from the lake shore. It has a quick, short flight,
and always chooses a bare, sandy spot on which to alight. Unless it is
carefully '• marked down " it is then very difficult to distinguish, since
its colours harmonize so perfectly with its surroundings. By keeping an
eye on it, and stealthily approaching, it can be readily taken by throwing
the net quickly over it just as it is in the act of rising. The male makes
a slight rattling sound as it flies, but the movement of the female is
noiseless. The majority of the specimens seen had the inner wings a
bright red at base, though variations in colour, from light yellow to deep
red, were frequent.

AcRIDINyE.

4. Melanoplus extremus (Walker.)

Caloptenus extremus ^SiV^^x, Cat. Derraap. Salt., IV., 1870, 68 1.
Mela7ioplus extremus Scudd., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX., 1897,

287, PI. XVIII., fig. ID.

Pezotettix Junius Dodge, Can. Ent., VIII., 1876, 9.

Melanoplus Junius Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,, XIX, 1S78,
286.

Caloptenus Junius Scudd., Can. Ent , XX., 1880, 75.

Caloptenus parvus Provancher, Nat. Canad., VIII., 1876, no.

This species has also an extensive synonymy, the above being but a
small portion, showing the names under which it has heretofore been
known. It is an insect of northern range, Walker's type being recorded
from Arctic ,\merica. According 10 Scudder " it probably occurs
throughout the larger part of Canada and the northernmost United
States. It has also been recorded from several points in Alaska."

Mr. C. H. Bollman evidently found it near Bloomington, Monroe
County, Indiana, since Scudder mentions a specimen so labeled as

58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

occurring in the U. S. Nat. Museum. It first came to my notice in the
State on August 8, 1897, when it was found near DeLong, Fulton County,
in an open peat bog which was surrounded on all sides by a heavy growth
of tamarack, Larix americaiia Michx. But about a dozen specimens
were secured, all of which were of the short-winged form, M. e. j'lmius,
the measurements of male being: length of body, 18 mm.; of tegmina, 11
mm.; of hind femora, 11. 5 mm.

When disturbed they gave several short, quick leaps, and then
burrowed as far as they could into the dense mass of sphagnum moss
which everywhere covered the bog.

5. MELANOPLU.S ANGUSTiPENNis (Dodgc.) The Narrow-winged Grass-
hopper.

Calopte?ius angustipennis Dodge, Can. Ent., IX., 1877, iii.

Thos., Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I., 1878,

43-
Melaiioplus a?igustipennis Bruner, Bull. Wash. Coll. Lab. Nat. Hist.,

I., 1885, 138.
Id., Bull. 28. U. S. Div. Ent., 1893, 24,

fig. 12.
Scudd., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX., 1897,
305, PI. XX., fig. 6.
This is a western species which has not heretofore been recorded
east of Kansas and Iowa. According to Bruner, it ranges from North
Dakota to Texas, and west to Yellowstone, Montana. He also states
that it is increasing rapidly in numbers, and is likely in places to become
a serious pest.

It is one of the most common grasshoppers about the south shore of
Lake Michigan, occurring in company with M. atlanis (Riley), Sphara-
gemon tvyomingefisis (Thos.), and others over a large part of the sandy area
within five miles of the lake. It seems to prefer such barren localities to
those more promising in plant food, since Bruner mentions its partiality
for " old breakings and well-fed pastures of many years' use."

To a cursory observer august ipeiinis bears a general resemblance to
atlanis (Riley), but may be readily distinguished by its blue tibiae, the lack
of a notch at the apex of the last abdominal segment of the male, and the
different shape of the male cerci. The dark spots along the middle line
of the tegmina of the Indiana specimens are larger and more numerous
than one would expect to find after reading the descriptions of Dodge

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and Scudder. Its habits, moreover, are not arboreal, as observed by
Briiner, since it was more often found on the ground than on the scant
vegetation growing in the area which it inhabited.
6. Paroxya Scudderi sp. nov.

The smallest known member of the genus, the body of the male
averaging but 17 ram. in length. Antennae relatively short, 9.5 mm. in
both sexes. Tegmina reaching slightly beyond tip of abdomen in male,
shorter than abdomen in female.

Male with posterior lobe of pronotum, tegmina, and upper and outer
faces of all the femora a uniform light wood brown ; occiput and anterior
lobes of pronotal disc darker. A broad black stripe extends from eye
along the upper half of the lateral lobes of pronotum as far as the pos-
terior transverse sulcus, where it ends abruptly, the posterior lateral lobe
being uniform in colour with the disc. Below this black stripe is one
of ivory white, brightest on the head. Metapleurite also ivory white.
Face grayish olive, flecked or tinged with yellowish. Proximal two-
thirds of antenn?e the colour of the tegmina ; distal third darker. Palpi
and prosternal spine yellow. Sternites of thorax olive brown ; those of
abdomen yellow, as also the lower face of all the femora. Hind tibiae
pale glaucous (the proximal third sometimes light brown), with a black
spot at geniculation ; the spines eleven in number in the outer series,
with their distal thirds black.

Female darker ; the tegmina sometimes obscurely and sparingly
flecked with fuscous, covering three-fourths or more of the abdomen ; the
yellow of under side dull or wanting.

Supra-anal plate of male very short, triangular, with a short, basal,
triangular sulcus, in which rest the furcula. These consist of a pair of
flattish, oblong, subequal plates with their inner edges attingent except at
the apices, where they slightly diverge. Cerci strongly incurved, nar-
rowed at the middle, the proximal half stouter than in P. hoosieri, the
distal third flattened and rounded apically.

Average measurements : Length of body, male 17 mm., female 24
ram.; antennce, male and female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male 13 mm., female
14.5 mm.; hind femora, male 11.5 mm., female 13.5 mm. Five males, 4
females.

This graceful-bodied species was found in small numbers on July
27, 1897, about the grassy margins of a pond in the sand dune region

60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

north of Miller's, Lake County, Indiana, and within one-half mile of the
shore of Lake IMichigan. On the following day a single pair were taken
from a similar locality near Tolleston, in the same county, and about
four miles from the lake, but still within the sand-covered area. It was
usually found clinging to the stems of the tall rushes and grasses common
in such locations, and when disturbed the males used the wings in a
noiseless flight, while the females depended upon their leaping powers to
escape. When closely followed, they would attempt to hide by burrow-
ing in the fallen grass.

The form is more closely allied to P. atlantica Scudder, than to
either of the other two known species of the genus, but its smaller size,
longer cerci, and the different shape of the male furcula at once dis-
tinguish it. I take pleasure in naming it in honour of Mr. S. H. Scudder,
who in the past has rendered me much aid in my study of Acrididse, and
who has done far more than any other man towards putting the study of
North American Orthoptera on a substantial basis.

Tettigin^e.
7. Tettigidea armata Morse.

Tettigidea armata Morse, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, III., 1895, 107.

This species was described from specimens collected by m.e in Vigo
County. It was formerly confounded with T. lateralis Say, but is dis-
tinguished by having the anterior margin of the pronotum produced in a
sharply pointed cusp, instead of being rounded or obtusely angulate, and
in having the dorsum of pronotum strongly rugulose, with the median
carina sharp and distinct. One pair, in coitu, were taken June 20, 1894,
from the wooded margin of a large pond in the lowlands of the Wabash
River. It has also been taken about the margin of a lake near Waterloo,
DeKalb County, and, according to Morse, near Dallas, Texas.
7a. Tettigidea armata depressa Morse.

T. armata depressa Morse, loc. cit.., 107.

This differs from the above in that the pronotum only reaches the
tip of the hind femora instead of much surpassing them. A single
female in my collection from Vigo County served as one of Morse's
types, the others being from Florida and Louisiana. According to Han-
cock (Trans. Am, Ent. Soc, XXIII. , 1896, 242), Tettigidea acuta
Morse, occurs at Chicago and Riverside, Illinois. It is therefore, doubt-
less, a resident of Indiana.

*

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61

Notes on Some of the Species Mentioned in the Previous

Papers.
Truxalis brevicornis (L.) (C. E., XXIII., 75 ; XXVI., 221.)

This well-marked species occurs sparingly about the borders of
marshes in Lake County, so that its range includes the whole State.
Chlcealtis conspersa Harris. (C. E., XXIII., 75; XXVI., 222.)

The males of this species, which before had been rarely met with,
were found in numbers in low, rather dry woods along the borders of
streams in Montgomery County, in July, 1895. A female was taken at
dusk on the evening of July 21, in the act of ovipositing in the end of a
partly decayed oak log. Three eggs were found in the bottom of the
cavity in which the abdomen was inserted.

Hippiscus tuberculatus (Pal. d. Beauv.) (C. E., XXIII., 81.)

This is the H. phoenicoptera of my first paper. In Indiana it has
been found only in the driftless limestone area of the southern half of the
State, being especially common in Monroe and Franklin counties. Adults
have been taken as early as April 20th, and as late as August 15th. It
frequents timothy meadows, upland pastures, and roadsides, and when in
flight is very conspicuous owing to its large size and bright red inner
wings. In suitable localities, the young of this species, as well as those of
ArpJiia sidphurea (Fab.) and Chortophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer) are,
on bright days in midwinter, often to be seen together in numbers jump-
ing vigorously about. If their presence at such a season comes to the
attention of a newspaper reporter, the press of the entire State is apt to
teem with notices of a coming grasshopper plague, of which the young-
sters are said to be the advance guard.

Spharagemon wvomingensis (Thos.) (C. E., XXXVI., 218.)

The Spharagemon oadatum Morse, of my third paper has since
been determined by Prof. Morse to be identical with the species
described by Thomas under the above name. It occurs in sandy locali-
ties in the northern part of Indiana, being especially common in the
immediate vicinity of Lake Michigan. It reaches maturity about [uly
loth, and may be taken until mid-October.

Trimerotropis maritima (Harris.) (C. E., XXVI. , 218.)

Since my former mention of this species it has been found to be very
common along the south shore of Lake Michigan, in Lake, Porter, and

6^ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

LaPorte counties. It flies rapidly for long distances, and unless carefully
marked down, is very difficult to detect. It varies in colour from very
liglu gray to a dark gray mottled with brown ; the darker specimens
being found at some distance from the lake, where there was a scattering
vegetation, the light-coloured ones on the pure sand of the immediate
shore. It was seen nowhere more than a half mile back from the water
margin, and then only on the bare crests of the highest sand ridges and
dunes.

Melanoplus obovatipennis (Blatchley.) (C.E., XXIII., 80; XXVI., 241.)

In Scudder's recent monograph of the Melanopli, this species is
transferred from Pezotettix to Melaiiophis. It has been recently found
in Marion, Franklin, and Crawford counties, and therefore probably
occurs in high, dry woodlands over the southern part of the State. It
is also recorded by Scudder, from Kentucky, Missouri, and near Dallas,
Texas.
Melanoplus blatchleyi Scudder. (C. E., XXIII., 81 ; XXVI., 243.)

This is the species formerly known as Pezotettix occidefita/is Bruner.
In Scudder's revision it was also transferred to the genus Melanoplus, in
which the name occidentalis was preoccupied.

It is found from June 15th to November ist, in open woods. On
October 25th, 1897, two specimens were taken in Marion County, from
the side of a hackberry tree, Celtis occidentalis L. This is the most
eastern point at which it has been noted in the State.

Melanoplus differentialls (Uhler.) (C. E., XXIII., 99.)

The general range of this species is southern, but specimens have
been taken in Lake County, in the extreme north-western part of the
State. It is very common in the Wabash valley.

Melanoplus punctulatus (Uhler.) (C. E., XXIV., 30 ; XXVI., 245.)

This is the /)/. griseiis Thos., of my former papers, Scudder having
determined that to be a synonym of Uhler's species.

It has proven to be of more general distribution over the State than
at first supposed, having been taken in Vigo, Putnam, Montgomery, Ful-
ton, and Marion counties. With the exception of those formerly noted
as found in the tamarack swamp in Fulton County, where it was frequent,
but one or two specimens have been taken each season, and they in damp
localities in late autumn. On October 25, 1897, two specimens were

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63

secured from the trunks of trees in a low, dense woods in Marion County.
They were about four feet from the ground, and one of them was be-
neath a chunk which was leaning against the tree.
Paroxya hoosieri (Blatchley.) (C E., XXIV., 31 ; XXVI., 244.)

On account of distinctive characters pertaining to the abdominal append-
ages of the male, Scudder regards this as a valid species. It has been
taken about swamps in Vigo, Fulton, and Marshall counties, Indiana, and
near Oberiin, Ohio. On September 22, 1S94, I was much surprised to
find, near the border of a marsh in Vigo County, a female of this species
and also one of Chlxaltls conspersa Harr., a few inches apart on the
stump of a downy poplar, Popuhis heterophylla L., each with the abdo-
men buried to the full length in the wood, but no eggs could be discov-
ered. Nothing has been recorded concerning the habits of oviposition
of the members of the genus Paroxya, and it would be surprising if they,
like the Chla^altii mentioned, should seek wood rather than earth as the
receptive matrix for the eggs.
A Revised List of the Acridid.*; Known to Occur in Indiana.

ACRIDID^.
J Truxalin^.

1. Truxalis brevicornis (Linn.) .Short-horned Grasshopper.

2. Syrbula admirabilis (Uhler.) Handsome Grasshopper.

3. Chlxaltis conspersa Harris. Sprinkled Grasshopper.

4. Dicromorpha viridis (Scudder.) Short-winged Green Grassho])per.

5. OrpJmla pelidna (Burm.) Spotted-winged Grasshopper.

6. Mecostethus lineatus (Scudder.)

7. Stenobothrus curtipennis (Harris.) Short-winged Brown Grassho]:)per.

8. Ageneotettix scudderi (Bruner.)

Oedipodin^.

9. Arphia xanthoptera (Burm.)

10. Arphia sulphiirea (Fab.) Yellow-winged Grasshopper.

11. Chortophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer.) Green-striped Grasshojiper.

12. Encoptolophus sordidus (Burm.) Clouded Grasshopper.

13. Hippiscus tuberculatus (Pal. de Beauv.) Coral-winged Grasshopper.

14. Hippiscus rugosus (Scudder.) Clumsy Grasshopper.

15. Dissosteira Carolina iX-wwi.) Quaker or Black-wigned Grasshopper.

1 6. Spharagemon bolli Scudder.

17. Spharagemon wyomitigensis (Thomas.)

64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1 8. Psinidia fenestralis (Serville.) Long-horned Grasshopper.

19. Trinierotropis mar it una (Harris.) Maritime Grasshopper.

ACRIDIN.E.

20. Leptysma margitiicollis (Serville.) Slender-bodied Grasshopper.

21. Schistocerca aniericana (Drury.) American Grasshopper.

22. Schistocerca alutacetim (Harris.) Leather-coloured Grasshopper.

23. Melaiioplus atlanis (Riley.) Lesser Grasshopper.

24. Melaiioplus scudderi (Uhler.) Scudder's Short-winged Grasshopper.

25. Melanoplus viridipes Scudder. Green-legged Grasshopper.

26. Melatioplus obovatipennis (Blatchley.) Obovate-winged Grasshopper.

27. Melanoplus fonur-rubriim (DeGeer. ) Red-legged Grasshopper.

28. Melunopltts extremus (Walker.)

29. Melanoplus angustipetinis (Dodge.) Narrow-winged Grasshopper.

30. Melanoplus blatchleyi Scudder.

31. Melanoplus gracilis (Bruner.) Graceful Grasshopper.

32. Melanoplus tninor (Scudder.)
2,7,. Melanoplus collinus Scudder.

34. Melanoplus different iali% (Uhler.) Lubberly Grasshopper.

35. Melanoplus bivittatus (Say.) Yellow-striped Grasshopper.

36. Melanoplus puncfulatus (Uhler.) Mottled Grasshopper.

37. Paroxya hoosieri (Blatchley.) Hoosier Grasshopper.

38. Paroxya scudderi Blatchley.

Tettigin^.

39. Nomotettix cristatus (Harris.) Crested Grouse Grasshopper.
39a. Nomotettix cristatus carinatus (Scudder.)

40. Tettix ornatus (Say.) Spotted Grouse Grasshopper.
40a. Tettix ornatus triangularis Scudder.

41. Tettix granulatus (Kirby.) Sprinkled Grouse Grasshopper.

42. Tettix arenosus Burm. Grizzly Grouse Grasshopper.

43. Paratettix cucullatus (Burm.) Hooded Grouse Grasshopper.

44. Tettigidca lateralis (Say.) Black-sided Grouse Grasshopper.

45. Tettigidca parvipennis (Harris.) Small-winged Grouse Grasshopper.
45a. Tettigidca parvipemiis pennata Morse.

46. Tettigidca polymorpha {^nxm.)

47. Tettigidca artnata Morse.

47a. Tettigidca armata depressa Morse.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65

NOTES ON COLLECTING "AT LIGHT."

I!Y A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.
( Coiiliitued from page j6. )

July 23rd : Lots of things at light, but mostly common species
already recorded. A fresh Peridroma occulta was taken, and more
Plusia striatella and Deva purpurigera.

July 24th : This was an evening for the Ichthyura, over a dozen
being captured, also some Schizura. Dryopteris rosea was still out, and
several fresh Mamestra purpurissata came in. The absence of Plusias and
the abundance of " snout " moths is noted in my diary. The Coleoptera
were strongly represented by a large Necrophorus.

July 25th : A Catocala briseis — the first Catocala of the season —
made things lively until it found its way into one of my bottles. Plusias
reappeared, and Noctua plecta increased my local list. A large number
of nice things in '' Micros" were attracted and secured.

July 27th : This was the last evening that I record any abundance
of things at light, and the following deserve mention : Pheosia dimidiata
(i), Crambidia pallida (sev.), Orgyia leucostigma (sev.), Parorgyia
plagiata (sev.), Ichthyura vau (6), Arctia Saundersii (3), ."^cronycta
irapressa (sev.), Noctua collaris (sev.), Carneades flavicollis (sev.),
Rhynchagrotis alternata (sev.), Homohadena badistriga (i; two or three
of this striking-looking species were taken earlier in the month), Mamestra
nimbosa (2), Plusia iereoides and bimaculata were still showing them-
selves, and Hadena niveivenosa and Mamestra meditata were common.
Tricholita semiaperta, of which I secured several, added a handsome
species to my collection, and a fresh lot of Phasiane mellistrigata were
taken, apparently a second brood.

August 4th : A pair of Catocala briseis and a fine Plusia balluca
showed up among the things captured this evening ; a second specimen
of the latter visited me, but after a flying inspection of my quarters, wan-
dered outside and was no more seen.

August 31st : After an absence from the city of three weeks I once
more started my light trap. My catch included a dozen or so •' Micros "
(some desirable), a new Geometer (carpet), and the following species of
Noctuidse : Rhynchagrotis placida, Agrotis saucia and ypsilon, Noctua
fennica (very worn), Feltia venerabilis (sev.), Carneades tessellata, xA^nytus
sculptus (a beauty), Hadena mactata, Hillia algens (several nice ex-
amples), Nephelodes minians (worn), Hydr?ecia nictitans, Caradrina ex-
timia, Nonagria sp. (i, not yet named), Cosmia infumata (sev.), Orthosia

(36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

ferruginoides and euroa, Xanthia togata, Cinoedia parapina, Litholomia
napa^a (some beauties), Lithomia germana, and Calocampa nupera, cine-
ritia and curvimacula.

Sept. ist : I commenced the month by adding three species to my
collection : Caineades velleripennis (a pair), Hydraecia obliqua (i) and
Xylina capax (a pair). A specimen of Plusia Putnami gave me a sur-
prise ; it was very fresh, but small.

Sept. 1 6th : Besides some common species, I noted this evening the
capture of Gh«a inulta, Hydrtecia sera, Xanthia togata, Litholomia napaea,
and Xylina Georgii and laticinerea. Hadena devastatrix and Drasteria
erechtea turned up again, very fresh specimens.

My last records are :

Sept. 2ist : Hydraecia cerina (i ; new to list).

Sept. 23rd : A very small specimen of Agrotis saucia, and a worn
Feltia subgothica.

Sept. 24th : Orgyia leucostigma and Leucania juncicola (one each).

Some evenings early in the month water beetles, and especially a
small water " bug," were abundant at light. 1 generally used an ordinary
lamp with a good-sized burner • sometimes a '• Wanzer " lamp, and on a
few occasions I had the two lit at the same time ; both lamps had shades.
The trouble with the " Wanzer " was that things often got into the flame,
and now and then succeeded in putting it out, or making it smoke badly.
My custom was towards dusk to light the lamp and put it on the edge
of a table close to the window — which I had wide open — leaving a little
space between the tablecloth and the window sill ; (lots of things flew or
dropped down on the floor which would otherwise have sneaked out of
the window). I tried the windovv sill for the lamp, but found there was
often too much wind for it there, and on rainy nights that position was out
of the question. The house being a new one, the walls of my room are
not papered, so that the moths when they rested there were very conspic-
uous, and it was possible to tell at a glance, in most cases, what they
were ; whether Bombyces, Plusias, Geometers, etc., and to select the most
desirable first.

I used a net as seldom as possible, for fear of overturning the lamp,
and also because — I think it was on the second evening of my venture — I
caught the end of a setting-board with my net, and sent it flying from a
high shelf to the floor, to the destruction of its contents and the loss of my
temper. It was only sometimes for the Sphingidse that I found a net was
necessary. Besides two large glass bottles or jars (charged with cyanide,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67

of course), I had three or four small ones in use, with which I did
most of the capturing, bottling from off the lamp shade, the table, walls,
etc. It was often necessary to put these bottles over some good thing
sitting on the floor, the window sill, or the shelves of my bookcase, and
to have that number in constant use. As soon as the specimen covered
or bottled v»'as quiet, it was transferred to one of the large bottles, and
the small one was ready for use again. I found it desirable to take up
my carpet, owing to the quantity of insects that came in in July, and
which littered the floor ; often trodden under foot during the evening
(some good things came to grief in this way), or succumbing to the dry
heat of the room during the night or following day. I had to make
" sweeps " of the slain occasionally, they made such a mess ; an examina-
tion of the dustpan before consignment of its conients to the fire, some-
times revealed some specimen worth keeping ; it was in this way that I
secured two out of the four specimens taken of Tapinostola variana. On
some evenings I think all the mosquitoes of the neighbourhood found their
way in at my window, and assisted in making things lively for me ; and
the number of things flying about the room, or dashing around the lamp,
was quite bewildering, and not conducive to coolness. Besides these
pests (the mosquitoes) several species of Ichneumonidte put in an appear-
ance, on some evenings in numbers ; and v/hile they did not seem to be
attracted to the lamp particularly, they kept on the move about the room,
making considerable noise on the walls and ceiling. Perhaps the worst
visitors of all were some of the large Dytiscidse and Lachnosterna fusca.
In September several kinds of water-flies came to the light in numbers.

Some peculiarities of this mode of collecting were noticed, and may
be worth mentioning. One thing I observed particularly, when I put in
a good long evening at it, was the occasional lull, of greater or lesser dur-
ation, when hardly anything seemed to be moving outside, judging by the
scarcity of things coming in ; then all of a sudden a fresh lot, of all kinds
and conditions, would come swarming about the lamp. Some nights
there would be a succession of the same species, one after the other, for
a short time, as if they had been playing at " Follow my leader," and tiien
not another would be seen that night. Again, a species would come in
one evening in fair numbers, and then never show up again ; others just
one or two only in the same way. Two most striking examples of the
latter were lanassa lignicolor and Noclua plecta ; in both cases three
specimens were taken witliin a few minutes, and no others were seen on
that or other evenings. Other species, again, appeared to occur in about

68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the same numbers on favourable or poor nights, and in some cases were on
the wing for nearly a month. Some nights nothing was moving until
much later than usual, and I had been on the point of " closing up " for
the evening — my i)atience being exhausted — when some things would
come along amply repaying me for the previous barrenness. There was
quite a difference, too, in the way in which the light appeared to affect
different species; some would dash around the lamp until they got their
wings singed ; others would fly in and sit down quietly on the table, as if
inviting capture ; some seemed only anxious to get out of the glare, and
would settle quietly on the floor or the hanging tablecloth ] some (chiefly
Noctuids) could not make themselves scarce quickly enough, which they
did by getting behind the cases, books, or on my shelves, and staying
there ; others were very restless and kept on the move until captured. In
some few cases it appeared as if my visitors had but looked in to make an
inspection, for after a turn or two about the room or lamp, they beat a re-
treat in a very businesslike manner ; but I also noticed that some things
which came dashing in, when they retraced their steps (?) did so with a
very sober or hesitating flight, as if not sure of their way. As a rule, the
Bombycida% Plusise, and Geometridse behaved very well, not being very
wild, and they soon sought resting places on the walls, etc., seldom at-
tempting to secrete themselves.

Besides the moths taken at light on the evening in which they came
into my room, I usually had another good catch the following morning,
and took more specimens again about dusk the next evening. On quit-
ting work, or rather pleasure, for the evening, I would first close my
window, leaving the blind half up, then put out the light and retire, care-
fully shutting the door. In the morning nearly everything in the way of
" Micros," Geometers and Bombyces — also any Plusias overlooked the
previous evening — would be found congregated on and about the window,
on the blind or table cloth. (On July 2nd one of my captures in this
way was a beautiful thing, and the only one seen, Dasyspoudaea Meadii.)
The Noctuids generally appropriated the holes and corners, but the
majority of them did not show themselves in the morning. After picking
and choosing what I wanted, I opened the window and freed the rest. I
put on the fly blind to ventilate the room, keep out the flies, and keep in
any moths still there. Towards dusk the Noctuids, which had hidden
themselves during the daylight, would come from their retreats and they
were easily bottled off the window or fly blind, where they gathered.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69

Sometimes I would get quite a number and variety from behind coats,
etc., hanging on my door; a shake would often disturb half a dozen
moths from the same garment.

After the BombycidcC, my greatest success was with the Plusias. I
am not certain whether more lereoides came to light than striatella. I
did not bother much about the former ; but my records of the latter show
the taking of sixty specimens, of which nearly fifty were perfect. It was
on the wing for about a month. The next in abundance was Putnami,
and ampla was fairly common for about a week. Only one simplex came
to light.

A few more observations, and I have done.

There is no doubt that, owing to the heavy rainfall during July, un-
usual for this climate, I had a much larger percentage of good or suitable
evenings than would be the case in average years.

Another circumstance, perhaps accounting for the abundance of
moths about during July, may have been the unusually heavy snowfall of
the previous winter. The snow came at the end of October ; during
November it may be said to have snowed, more or less, every day, and
there were no thaws to speak of during the winter to expose or uncover
the earth. In the spring the snow disappeared very quickly, its departure
being hastened by some heavy rains.

The weather during April and the early part of May was favourable
to the development of vegetation and insect life. The end of May and
the beginning of June, however, were on the cool side, and there were
frosts on several nights. I hope, for the sake of comparison, that I may
have the chance to collect here "at light" again next season.

L

SOME INSECTS, RARE IN CANADA, TAKEN AT HAMILTON
BY MR. JAMES JOHNSTON.
Having some correspondence with Mr. Johnston, he, anticipating
the interest 1 naturally felt in the entomology of my former residence,
informed me of some things he had taken at Hamilton which were not to
be got when I was a collector there ; and they seemed to me to be of so
much general interest that I desired him to make a note of them for
publication. So, complying with my request, he has prepared the accom-
panying more extended statement on the subject. What a rapid change
is taking place in the condition of the country ! All my familiar and
delightful hunting-grounds in that locality have been " improved out of
existence." With cultivation comes a change in the fiora, which produces

70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

a change in the fauna, and in the insect fauna especially. So that future
collectors will be able to form no correct idea of what was to be got by
what is to be had. A thought that greatly impressed me was the persistent
effort that insects are continually making to spread abroad and establish
themselves in fresh territory. Most of these southern butterflies seem to
have great difficulty in accommodating themselves to our shorter seasons.
In the case of Colias ccesonia there should be no trouble about food
plants, as one of these is Trifoliwu ; but in the south-west it is double-
brooded, and it may perish in the attempt to produce a second brood in
this latitude, and it may take many years to bring it into harmony with
its environment here.

In his catalogue of 1877, Mr. W. H. Edwards gives its habitat as
Southern States, Mississippi Valley, Kansas, Texas, Arizona. And in
1888, Can. Ent., Vol. XX., page 23, he says : " Ccesonia is a common
butterfly in the Mississippi Valley and Gulf States ; also in Southern
California, and to the Isthmus." Then he adds: "I myself have never
seen it on the wing." What an extent of territory it must have covered
in the last ten years ! It would be interesting to know the routes it has
taken. The first Canadian examples of it that I saw were taken at Long
Point, Lake Erie, twenty years ago or so. I also have not yet seen
it on the wing.

The locality where I took my Pamphila dion was in a marsh at the
west end of the city. The Rifle Club had its ranges on a piece of waste
land there ; and for convenience to reach the butts had constructed a
board walk through an arm of the marsh, which was full of water and
covered with cat-tail flags. Two clumps of a large flowering plant grew
beside that board walk ; the butterflies and the blossoms appeared together
about the ist of July, and from these blossoms I took all my F. dion.
When the Rifle Range was moved to another locality that board walk was
abolished, and from that time on I got no more specimens of diofi. I was
pleased to learn that Mr. Johnston had rediscovered it. I have not heard
of its being taken anywhere else in Canada. I had been taking it for
several years before I got its name. Specimens of it were given to the
Canadian collection that went to the Centennial Exhibition at Phila-
delphia, and a promise made that its name should be procured. I got
tired waiting, and sent specimens of it to Mr. VV. H. Edwards, to find that
it had been named only a few months previously from material obtained
elsewhere. (Can. Ent., Vol. XL, p. 238.)

Saperda Candida had not been seen about Hamilton in my time.

J. Alston Moffat.

During the years of my collecting, 1896 leads in presenting rare

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 71

insects to this locality. Besides some Coleoptera and Lepidoptera not
yet satisfactorily determined, the following species were taken :

Coleoptera.
Saperda cotuolor, Lee. — Several dozen last week in May and first in Tune.

On Swamp Willow.
Saperda Candida, Fab. — Thirty specimens, June 4tli and some days later.

Found on Thorn when hunting for 6". Fayi.

DiURNALS.

Nisoniades propertius. Scud — One, May 26th. On roadside. Differs

only from one labeled British Columbia in my collection by being a

finer specimen.
Papilio inarceiliis, Cram. — One June 4th, and one before and after that

date. On Clover.
Libythea Bachmani, Kirt — One, June 4th. Saw another later on. On

Poison Ivy.
Coiias ccesonia, StoU. — -Twelve good and several poor specimens. First

taken June 14th. Quite abundant until the end of the month. First

saw it June 7th, but finding it very wild did not succeed in capturing

a specimen until the i4lh, when I took six. Last taken July ist.

Was most abundant on line of Grand Trunk Railway, between

Hamilton and Stony Creek. Saw it on Toronto branch of same

railway near Waterdown when out after Phyciodes Batesii, Reak.,

June 20th, but not so abundant.
Pamphila dion, Ed. — Seven, July ist and following week, I have found

this species not so fond of feeding as other Pamphilas. It seems to

like to sit resting on the coarse swamp grass in damp places along

the railway.
Satyrus alope, F. — One, fine, July 9th. On side of railway track, amongst

weeds.
Jjinonia c(xnia, Hub. — One, August 27th. Almost dead on roadside.

Moths.
Sphinx iiisciiiosa, Clem. — One, May 28th. Just fully matured, hanging

to a weed near railway track.
Endi-opia serrata, Drury. — Five, July 15th. Amongst weeds on side of

railway track.

I was in hopes of at least some of these reappearing in 1897, but in
this I was disappointed, as not one of them was seen.

I did not do much hunting outside the farm on which I live, four

72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

miles east from Hamilton, this year. Amongst the greatest pests that we
had to contend with were the potato beetles {Doryp/iora lo-lifieata, Say).
Out of 8,000 tomato plants set out during the first week in June, fully
2,000 were destroyed by these beetles within four days. We came across
some plants having as many as eighteen beetles on them. We have not
hitherto been annoyed by their attacking our tomato plants to a very
great extent, and can only account for their ravages this season owing to a
slim crop of early potatoes in this neighborhood, the late ones not yet
being above ground.

The Tomato Moth grubs ( Sp/iinx quinqucmaculata) were also very
abundant and could have been had by the hundred. It appears that they
have other enemies than Ichneumons, as I came across dozens of empty
chrysalids, when picking the fruit in September, which had been rooted out
and devoured by some animals, possibly skunks, certainly not mice, judg-
ing from the excrement lying about.

Terias lisa, Bd. — One, July 4th. The only rarity taken this season.

James Johnston, Hamilton, Ont.

THE LABELING OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS.

BY CHARLES STEVENSON, MONTREAL.

During a visit to Great Britain a itw years ago I looked over a num-
ber of the Entomological collections in the public Museums there. The
specimens in them were labeled so as to show the order, sub-order, and
family that they belonged to and their individual scientific names. With
few exceptions there were no records of their geographical distribution,
and when information of habitation was given it was of a wide nature,
as North America, Asia, or Europe. Data of seasonal appearance
or date of capture were entirely absent. Since then I have found
that many collections on this side of the Atlantic are in the same condi-
tion, and private collections in particular. That such information should
be wanting, especially in a public collection, is to be regretted ; for how-
ever beautifully mounted, classified and correctly named the specimens
may be, they are of little practical value. The biological student gets no
more information than he would from any entomological publication con-
taining plates, unless it be the identification of some rare insect. The
reason that public collections are lacking in such data is because they
have been built up from donations or by purchase — and until recent
years the study of insects rarely consisted of more than collecting, mount-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 73-

ing, naming, and placing in classified order. This can be remedied by
the present-day collector, professional or amateur. It seems strange that
a method of labeling similar to what I shall illustrate has not become
more general. On hunting up bibliographic references on the subject in
my own library I found little instruction. In The Bnto/nologist's Useful
Co?tipa?iioti, by Geo. Samoueile, London, i8ig, the author directs that
each specimen shall have a number corresponding with that of a cata-
logue having an account of the place where found, time of appearance,
etc. The Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, U.S.A., for 1868,
contained an article on Practical Entomology for Farmers' Sons, recom-
mending the same method, with the im[)rovement of having the numbers
on coloured disks ; the different States or localities being represented
by a certain colour. These methods are unsatisfactory, as they show
nothing without the catalogue, and when a collection leaves the original
owner's possession it is often divided up, and the catalogue is lost sight
of. It is surprising that among the many handbooks and guides pub-
lished there is so little mentioned on this subject. Even that indispen-
sable work, Entomology for Beginners, by A. S. Packard, M. D., Ph. D.,
Nezv York, iSgo, recommends only the coloured number disks. The
most satisfactory directions are those of Samuel H. Scudder in his Butter-
flies, their Structure, Changes and Life Histories, New York, i88g,
namely : " Every pinned specimen, excepting such as illustrate anatomy
only, should bear upon the pin a label giving the place and date of
capture, and when necessary a number referring to a catalogue or note-
book in which memoranda may be entered to any extent that may be
desired." In other words, these particulars become part and parcel of the
specimen, so that whenever the insect or object is moved, its history goes
with it. In this way the collector makes his collection an index to his
outdoor observation and study, and on leaving his possession will be of
great interest as well as value to the next owner.

Each collector can devise a form of label for such purpose to suit
his own taste as well as convenience. Disks of stiff paper the size of a
ten cent piece make neat labels for those who write a small hand. On
these, I put the catalogue reference number, the locality where found,
the date of capture, and sometimes the distinction of sex, by using the
usual astronomical signs in general use, namely, that of Mars ^ for the
male and of Venus ^ for the female and the sign ° for the neqter or
worker. By having different coloured paper for each locality, one can
see at once all those belonging to the same district in a case.

74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The pin on which the specimen is fixed is passed through the centre
of this disk, so as to allow it to rest about an eighth of an inch from the
bottom of the drawer or case. This would not be practical in the low-
setting method, to which many British entomologists still adhere — a
method which should be condemned as putting the insect in easy reach
of parasites and being an exhibition more of pins than of insects.

All this will make considerable extra labour, but
will, after a time, be found well worth it ; for the
collector himself often forgets where or when he got
a certain specimen. The name label could be made
more interesting to non-entomologists by having the
common local name, where known, under the scientific
one, and would tend to make the study of insect life
more popular.

A NEW SPECIES OF AEGIALITES.

BY THE LATE M. L. LINELL, WASHINGTON, D. C.

During his visit in 1896 to Robben Island, a low rock only 2.000
feet long, situated near the eastern coast of Sakhalin Island, in Okhotsk
Sea, Dr. Leonhard Stejneger collected only two species of insects, both
Coleoptera. One of them is a species of Bembidium, possibly new, but
it should be compared with the numerous species from the mainland,
which cannot be done at present. The other species belongs to the highly
interesting genus Aegiaiites, and is described below as a new species.
Aegialites Stejnegeri, Linell, new species.

Elongate, convex, piceous ; upper surface with faint greenish lustre.
Antennae piceous, apruptly clavate. Head broad, finely coriaceous and
sparsely punctate. Eyes strongly prominent, very coarsely granulate.
Thorax very narrow, distinctly longer than wide, a little broader at base
than at apex, widest in front of middle ; sides slightly arcuate ; disc
coriaceous, very sparsely and irregularly punctate, the median line
impressed and a shallow fovea on each side. Elytra very short and
ovate, abruptly and broadly pedunculate at the humeri, strongly rounded
on the sides and very much wider behind the middle, the apices separately,
strongly rounded ; disc finely rugose, the striae narrow, scarcely impressed,
with small but distinct punctures, entirely effaced at apex. Pygidium
and propygidium exposed. Prosternum smooth, meso- and metasternum
vaguely rugose, side-pieces sparsely coarsely punctate. Abdomen cori-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75

aceous, nearly impunctate. Legs piceous, femora more or less testaceous.

Male. — Median and posterior tibis abruptly bent near the apex (as
in the other species of the genus).* Length, 4 mm., male a little smaller.

Type No. 1390, U. S. N. M.

Five examples collected (Aug. 31, 1896) by Mr. L. Stejneger on
Robben Island, Okhotsk Sea.

Intermediate in size between the two previously described species,
and very distinct in form and sculpture.

BOOK NOTICE.

Scudder's Revision of the Melanopli.

One of the most important works on Entomology which has been
issued by an American author in recent years is that entitled a " Revision
of the Orthopteran Group Melanopli (AcridiidK), with special reference to
North American Forms," by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. f It is the more
important because it deals with a representative North American group
of insects whose members, between April and November, leap from our
pathway in profusion whether we stroll through open woodland, sunny
meadow, or along the roadside, and yet of whose classification and
nomenclature the greatest confusion has heretofore existed. It was only
another example showing the truth of the old saying that " the common
things about us are those of which we are most densely ignorant."

True, of one of the members of the group, the " Rocky Mountain
Locust," Melatioplus spretus (Thos.), more has, perhaps, been written
than of any other insect on earth, yet it is but one of 207 of its kind
which are described at length by Mr. Scudder. The others are scattered
far and wide over the continent of North America, and the descriptions of
the 92 species hitherto rightfully known to science were distributed
through an almost equal range of literature. No better evidence of the
need of the '' Revision " is necessary than to know that after a careful
examination of nearly 8,000 specimens, 7,000 of which belonged to the
single genus Melanoplus, the author has in it reduced 47 supposed species
to synonyms and has established 18 new genera and described for the
first time 115 species.

With a group whose members are so closely akin as those of the

*Dr. Horn, while describing ^4. /^«c//«7 (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1893, ^o'- ^^m

p. 143), evidently did not have the male before him.

tProc. U. S. Nat. .Mus., XX., 1897, No. 1124, pp. 1-421. Plates I.-XXVI.

76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Melanopli it has heretofore been almost an impossibility for the spe-
cialist — let alone the tyro — to satisfy his conscience as to the status of
a specimen which he might have in hand. The available literature was
so scattered, and the different authors had seized upon so many different
characters as representing what appeared to them the most striking
structural features, that the whole mess was worse than a Chinese puzzle.
By seizing upon the variations of the abdominal appendages of the male
as the most salient features showing specific rank, and by publishing
accurate drawings of two different views of the male abdomen of each of
the 207 species, Mr. Scudder has done much to render possible the ready
identification of each species — a task which otherwise would have been
very difficult, owing to the size of the group and the close similarity of
many of its members. Analytical keys to genera, and to species where
the genus is not monotypic, are also given, and add much to the value
of the work, as does also the full list of localities from which each
species has heretofore been taken.

Taking into consideration its size and importance, the defects of the
" Revision " are very few. The one thing which the tyro will find most
lacking is a glossary of the technical terms. In a work of the kind these
are necessarily numerous, and though they may be very plain to the
author and to specialists, to the beginner they are often extremely
confusing. Even a figure of a typical locust with all the parts named
would have been a great aid. A tendency to multiply species can here
and there be noted, as on p. 138, where Af. bivitattiis is separated from
M.femoratus only by the colour of the hind tibia?, which is an exceed-
ingly variable character.

More might have been added along economical lines, but this is a
work for the future which the student of the group can now take up with
renewed energy. For before one can write of a species he must have a
name to handle it by ; something which in the case of many of the
members of this group has heretofore been lacking. Now, by using a
little care and accustoming himself to the technical terms, the student
can, by the aid of the " Revision," soon bring order out of chaos, and
label his Melanopli with correctness and dispatch. In conclusion, it
may be said that any one who will use the work will soon conclude that
the aim of the author, " to enlarge and systematize our knowledge of this
important group as a basis for future studies," has been well and
successfully accomplished. W. S. B.

Mailed March 5th, 1898.

t t

Vol. XXX. LONDON, APRIL, 1898. No. 4.

PROFESSOR J. HOYES PANTON, M. A., F. G. S.
It is our sad duty to record the death of Professor Panton, which
took place at Guelph, on the 2nd of February, after a long and very pain-
ful illness, which he bore with the utmost patience and resignation. He
was born at Cupar, in Fifeshire, Scotland, and was brought out to Canada
when a child ; his father settled in Toronto at first, and removed, after
some years, to Oshawa. He was educated at the Whitby High School
and Toronto University, where he graduated with honours in Natural
Science in 1877. The following year he was appointed Professor of
Chemistry in the Ontario Agricultural College, but after a few years
resigned the position and removed to Winnipeg, where he became principal
of the Collegiate Institute. In 1885 he accepted the invitation of the
Ontario Government and returned to Guelph, where he filled the position
of Professor of Natural History and Geology in the Agricultural College
till the time of his death. His work there had special relation to economic
entomology and botany, on which subjects he issued many useful
bulletins to farmers and fruit-growers. He also published two small
works on Economic Geology and " Insect Foes," which are valuable
manuals of an elementary character. In 1896 Professor Panton attended
for the first time the annual meeting of the Entomological Society of
Ontario, though he had long been a member, and on that occasion read
very interesting and useful papers on " Entomology for Rural Schools "
and "Two Insect Pests of 1896 — the Army Worm and the Tussock
Moth." At the recent annual meeting in October, 1897, he was elected
vice-president of the Society, but was unable to attend owing to the illness
which had already seized upon him. The following resolution of con-
dolence was adopted at a meeting of the ('ouncil held last month : " The
members of the Council of the Entomological Society of Ontario have
heard with profound regret of the death of their highly respected colleague
and vice-president, J. Hoyes Panton, M.A., F. G. S., Professor of Biology
and Geology in the Ontario Agricultural College, (kieli)h. They desire to
place on record their adrqiration for his talents and attainments in natural

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

science, and their deep sense of the loss whicli economic entomology in
this Province has sustained by his removal in the maturity of his powers
and at an age when he was capable of performing much useful work.
They beg to offer to Mrs. Panton and family their respectful sympathy in
the great bereavement which has befallen them."

SOME RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE INSECT FAUNA

OF OHIO.*

BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

In the year 1889, ^^^- Henry Tryon, Assistant Curator of the
Queensland, Australia, Museum, in a report on the insect and fungus
pests, published as report No. i, by the Department of Agriculture of
Queensland, pp. 89-91, describes a species of scale insect found on the

Pig. 7. — Dias/is ai/iygdali, Tryon : a, branch covered with male and female

scales, natural size ; i^, female scale ; < , male scale ; d, group of

male scales, enlarged, (.^fter Howard.)

peach, as the White Scale, Diaspis amygdali (fig. 7), and reported its
occurrence both at Brisbane, Queensland, and Sydney, New South Wales.
Although described as the White Scale, the author continually refers to
it as the peach scale, in his paper, and the latter name has been adopted
in America for the species. Of its habits Mr. Tryon states that : " At
first its presence is betrayed by small white spots or patches on the bark
of the smaller branches ; but as the insect increases these soon become
* Read before the Ohio State Academy of vScience, December 29, 1897.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79

in many places confluent, and the individual scales overlap one another,
or are contorted by being squeezed together closely, or even appear to
lie one over the other, and where the male scale insects crowd together
these spots present a more finely chaffy appearance. As it will occur
quite up to the tips of the branches, the complete destruction of any tree
subjected to the attack of the peach scale, and owing to it, is only a mat-
ter of time. When already in patches on the branchlets prior to the
formation of the leaves and fruit, in early spring, it does not hinder their
formation ; the leaves are green as usual, the fruit sets, but is soon re-
tarded in its growth and shrivels up." Writing me under date of Novem-
ber yth, 1897, however, Mr. Tryon has this to say of its present condi-
tion in Queensland : " This Coccid is far from being generally distributed
in Queensland, and nowhere have I observed it to act very prejudicially
to the trees that it attacks."

In March, 1897, a consignment of Japan Flowering Cherry, both the
single and double varieties, was received direct from Japan by the im-
porters in Ohio. A few months later, it was discovered that some of the
double flowering variety were infested by a species of scale insect, which
proved to belong to this species, and which had not before been known
in Ohio. A thorough spraying with kerosene emulsion did nothing more
than to check its increase, and did not exterminate it. (It has since been
found on Primus pandula and P. pseudo-ceraceits, also recently from
Japan.)

The distribution of Diaspis amygdali and its food plants are also of
interest. Mr. T. D. K. Cockerell has given an extended list of the food
plants of the species*, and others have since been reported. It is now
known to attack Hibiscus ( Abelmoschus) esailentus, L., and Gossypium
barbadense, or Jamaica cotton, about Kingston, Jamaica. Cultivated
Pelargoniums ; the grapevine |, dwarf peach and cherry ^ (cited as
Diaspis amygdali, Putnam, in Proc, but correctly in Can. Ent.), on
Bryophylhim calyciniim ; Carica papaya: Persimmon; Jassiuin, in
Jamaica; Oleander; Calotropis procera, Capsicum, Argyriea speciosa
when under cultivation in Jamaica, also Acanthus, and Cycus media.
Mr. E. E. Green found it on Callicarpa lanata and Tylophora asth-

*Food Plants of Scale Insects (Coccidoe), by T. D. A. Cockerell, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., Vol. XIX., pp. 725-785, No. 1122.

ITownsend, Jour. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, Pi^- 2S3, 378.
:J; Cockerell, Can, Knt,, 1895, p. 260.

80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

viatica, at Pundulo)'a, India*, and Mr. W. M. Maskell received it on
Geranium from Hong Kong f . Mr. D. W. Coquillett found it at Los
Angeles, California, on dwarf flowering almond, recently imported from
Japan |, and the case on dwarf peach and cherry, previously noted, also
occurred on trees from Japan. Dr. L. O. Howard reported it some
years ago as occurring in an orchard at Molino, Florida, and in another
orchard at Bainbridge, Georgia. It was first discovered in this country
on some seedling peach trees on the grounds of the Department of
Agriculture, at Washington, in 1892, Besides inhabiting Jamaica, it is
also found in Trinidad, Martinique, Grand Cayman, Barbadoes and San
Domingo. §

Under the caption of " The White Peach Scale," Mr. Charles P.
Lounsbury, Government Entomologist for Cape Colony, South Africa,
includes the species as one of the insect pests of that Colony. He gives
the Fiji Islands as an additional habitat, and states that there is no
doubt but that it has been in South Africa for at least fifteen years, and
good reasons for believing it to have been there double that length of
time. Mr. Lounsbury characterizes the insect as a highly injurious one,
the favourite food plants of which are the peach and mulberry, the apricot
and plum being severely attacked and sometimes killed, the cherry being
liable to be severely attacked, while the pear has been slightly infested.
Myoporum insulare, Yellow Jessamine, Jasmifiwn sp. 1 Granadilla,
Passiflora eduiis, Polygala myrtifolia, Morning Glory, Ipovicea sp. .?
Fuchsias and Geraniums all may become very badly infested, while the
Cape Gooseberry and other Solanaceous plants suffer to a less degree. 1|

Four species of Lady beetles and a Chalcid fly, the latter apparently
identical with Aspidiotophagns citriiius. Craw., attack the species in
Africa. None of these parasites, however, seem powerful enough to hold
the scale insect in check.

In October two of the most seriously infested of the trees imported
from Japan into Ohio were dug and transplanted to the Insectary of the
Experiment Station at Wooster, and one of them enclosed in a breeding
cage. Early in December a very minute parasite was reared, and the

* Indian Museum Notes, Vol. IV., p. 4, 1895.

t Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1896, p. 299, •

i Insect Life, VL, p. 290.

S Year Book of the U. S. Dept. Agr., 1894, pp. 265-267.

; Report of the CJovernnient Entomologist for the year 1896, Cape of Good
Hope, pp. 7^-83.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81

females were observed in the act of ovipositing in the bodies of the scales
on the tree. On these parasites being referred to Dr. L. O. Howard,
of the United States Department of Agriculture, he at once pronounced
the species as belonging to both a new genus and species, he having
previously drawn up a manuscript description from species reared in
Paris, France, by Dr. Paul Marchal, who had reared it from Diaspis
ostreceformis. It has since been discovered that the same insect was
reared in Ceylon by E. E. Green, from Chionaspis vitis, and it has also
been reared from a species of Aspidiotus on sweet gum from Savannah,
Georgia. The species will now be known as Archeno/nus bicolor,
Howard, the description having appeared in the Proc. Ent. Soc,
Washington, Vol. IV., No. 2., page 136. There can hardly be a doubt
but that this parasite was imported with its host from Japan, and well
illustrates the wide distribution of insects, both injurious and beneficial, in
articles of commerce. Both the scale insect and its parasite are x\tvi to
Ohio. While it is almost impossible to determine the native home of
Diaspis amygdali at the present time, it is likely that this honour will
fall either upon Japan or the West Indies, though it might have been
first diffused from the East Indies. That the little parasite, Archejiomus
bicolor, Howard, should be reared at such widely separated points as
Paris, France; Ceylon; Savannah, Georgia* and Wooster, Ohio, with the
probability of the species having been imported into Ohio from Japan,
is somewhat surprising, and well illustrates the almost universal diffusion
of some of our parasitic insects.

Another scale insect, probably new to Ohio, is the apricot scale,
Lecanium armeniaaim, Craw. I have not been able to find any record
of the occurrence of this insect outside of California, where it is found on
the apricot, prune and plum especially, but also occuring on
the cherry and pear.* My specimens, which seem to be a variety, were
found on the Spanish Chestnut, in great abundance.

*California State Board of Horticulture, Division of Entomology. Destructive
Insects, Their Natural Enemies, Remedies and Recommendations. By Alexander
Craw, Quarantine Ofticer and Entomologist, Sacramento, California, 1891, pp. 12-13.

GENUS EUSCHAUSIA.
Schausia, Dyar (Arctiidae), Can. Ent., XXIX, 212 (1897), is pre-
occupied by Schausia, Karsch (Agaristidce), Entom. Nach., XXL, 346
(1895). 1'^^ Arctiid genus may be called Euschatisia.

Harrison G. Dyar.

82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON THE EXTERNAL CHARACTERS OF THE SAN
JOSE SCALE, CHERRY SCALE, AND PUTNAM'S SCALE.

BY W. G. JOHNSON, COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND.

March 14th, 1898. — During the last two or three weeks, I have
received inquiries from Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, and Canada, regarding
the structural external characters of the San Jose scale ( Aspidiotus
pernicioszis)^ Cherry scale (A. Forbesi), and Putnam's scale (A. ancylus).
I present, therefore^ a few notes on these species, which I hope may be
of some use to my fellow workers.

It is not a very difficult matter at this time of the year to separate
these species at a glance. As is well known, perniciosus winters as a
partially matured insect, and when the insects are perfectly normal, they
are almost always uniformly blackish, with the exuviaj or nipple-like
prominences, very conspicuously surrounded by a circle, of the same
general colour, as a rule, as the rest of the scale. Of course, on trees
badly infested with this insect, there are always many scales of the old
males, females, and young, which were not sufficiently covered to protect
them at the time cold weather set in ; but where a sufficient number of
young in good condition can be found, the above character does not vary
much, and rarely, if ever, are'the pupie of the males to be found at this
time of the year.

Forbesi also winters in a partially matured condition, but male pupse
are conspicuously present at this season, or even very much earlier.
The colour of the scales varies considerably, but usually conforms some-
what to the colour of the bark. The nipple-like prominence is very con-
spicuous and is of an orange, brick-red or purplish tinge. The exuviae
are usually covered with a delicate film or membrane of rather light
colour, but are ruptured in most cases, exposing the bright coloured
centres. The scales of the males and females are not uniform in colour,
being much lighter around the border of the young female and at the
caudal end of the male scale. The conspicuousness of the exuvipe and
the presence of the pupjy at this time of the year are characters which
almost always distinguish this species {xom. perniciosus.

The female of ancylus, in this location at this season, is much
more developed than either of the foregoing species. The young females
are usually not so convex as perniciosus or Forbesi. The exuvise are
lighter than perniciosus, and not nearly so bright as in Forbesi, varying in

I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

colour from amber to grayish. The general colour of the scale varies

also from nearly black to a grayish tinge, depending largely upon the
plants upon which it is found. The scale is very delicate, more uniform
in general colour, approaching perniciosus nearer than it does Forbesi in
this respect.

The structural characters of the mature females are very marked.
\xv perniciosus, the two pairs of anal lobes and the absence of spinnerets
are very characteristic. In ancyiiis, while there are two pairs of lobes
also, they are usually very broad and flattish, the second pair being widely
separated from the first. The presence of the spinnerets is also a dis-
tinctive mark for this species, and if the lobes are carefully examined,
this species need not be confounded with either perniciosus or Forbesi.
In Forbesi, the two pairs of anal lobes approach perniciosus much more
than they do ancylus, but Forbesi can be distinguished readily from
perniciosus by the presence of conspicuous thickenings of the body wall,
forming club-shaped masses between the lobes. The spinnerets are
always present, usually arranged in five groups in the mature female. In
this connection, I might say that I have never seen spinnerets in any of
the immature forms of either ancylus or Forbesi.

There are a few characters presented by the plant which will serve
as a mark for identifying the species. On most of our deciduous fruit
trees there is a purplish tinge formed about the scales of all three species
on young succulent wood. This tinge varies considerably, and depends
largely upon the trees, showing more plainly upon some varieties than upon
others. With perniciostis the purple extends into the bast, and on some
veiy badly infested apple trees I have seen even the young tender wood
coloured to bright carmine. I have also seen the fruit of peach badly
spotted on account of the attacks of perniciosus, and on some varieties
the colour extended into the flesh, sometimes to a depth of a quarter of
an inch. The purplish tinge caused by a?icy/us and Forbesi is usually not
so marked as in perniciostis. The bast is brightly coloured at times by
both these species, but this does not occur as often as with perniciosus.

Forbesi also causes a peculiar rough, pitted appearance upon
peach and apple that is not usually produced by either ancylus or perni-
cioszis. The insect seems to retard the cellular growth of the plant
immediately surrounding it, and it is not an uncommon thing to find
isolated matured females in rather deep depressions. This character is
especially prominent on apple and peach in the nursery.

84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

COLLECTING AT LIGHT.

I have read with much interest a couple of papers by Mr. Hanham,
of Winnipeg, on the ca])turing of insects "at light.'" I had adopted
this method in the Old Country with much success, and last season in
this district, near the head of Lake Manitoba, I employed the same
means and secured a goodly number of specimens. There is no doubt
that light is most efficacious in securing to the one who makes use of
it many insects that would otherwise be only rarely met with, but while
engaged in thus making captures one cannot help being struck — a point
to which Mr. Hanham alludes — with the effect light has upon many of
the Lepidoptera, or rather with the different effects it has upon different
individuals. Now, it seems to me that a careful observation on the part
of entomologists in this respect might in due time throw fresh "light"
on the habits or even structure of the insects observed. JV/iy, I may
ask, should light have such a different effect upon insects of the same
class ? As there is a reason for everything, so there must be here. A
casual observer may note that while light acts upon some individuals as
an irresistible attraction, to others it is simply repellant, and in the case
of others both these effects are combined. Then, again, some are evi-
dently thrown into a kind of stupor under the effect of the glare, and
settling down near the attractive force, remain immovable for hours;
while yet again others are frantic in their struggles to reach the source
of their fascination. This difference of effect, while it points to a
dissimilarity of temperament, would seem to indicate a difference of
structure, if anywhere, in the eye. Is this known to be a fact ; or, if
this be not the case, in what does it consist? It seems to me that here
is a wide field for investigation, and it might not be lost labour if, during
the coming season, those entomologists who adopt light as a means of
capture would, as far as possible, classify the insects taken in regard to
the effect the light has upon them.

I may say that when using light, I place it before a closed window
on the ground floor, and stand outside, and with a net I am able to
capture many insects which do not apparently ever settle on the glass,
but simply approach within range of the light and then fly away rapidly
at an angle, acting much in the same manner as a comet is said to do in
regard to the sun. H. Hutchinson, Kinosota, Manitoba.

ERRATUM.
Can. Ent., 1898, p. 15, line 8, for ■' /lof commonly" read '' tnost
commonly."

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85

NEW SPECIES OF CHIONASPIS AND NOTES ON
PREVIOUSLY KNOWN SPECIES.

BY R. A. COOLEY, B. S., AJMHERST, MASS.

In the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXVII,, page 33 (1895),
Professor T. D. A. Cockerell stated that Dr. James Fletclier had just
sent him a species of Chionaspis from Charlottetown, Prince Edward
Island — very abundant on \\\&'bz.x\i oi Bettila papyrifera — and that in
comparing it with Prof. Comstock's description of C. Lintneri he
believed it to be that species. Following the description of the Prince
Edward Island specimens. Prof Cockerell drew attention to a few
probable points of difference between it and Prof. Comstock's description,
but as he could find no positive differences he did not separate the form
on Betula, inferring that the discrepancy was due either to variation in
his specimens or the incompleteness of Prof Comstock's description. I
have since received specimens of the form on Betula papyrifera from
Prof Comstock and Dr. J. A. Lintner, and the latter gentleman has also
lent me Prof. Comstock's co-types of C. Lintneri. On comparing the
two I was at once convinced that they were distinct, and upon giving
Prof. Cockerell my reasons for thinking that the two insects could not be
identical, he advised me to separate the form on Betula.

While the insect is distinct from Lintneri, Comst., I believe it to be
only a variety of that species, and have described it as such below.
Chionaspis Lintneri betul.e, n. var.

Scale of Female. — Widely pyriform, flat, covered with the very thin
epidermis of the bark, giving a brownish tinge to the snow-white scale.
Exuviae bright orange-brown, contrasting strongly with the secreted
portion. Texture of scale compact. Length of exuviae about .8 mm.;
total length of the scale about 2 mm.

Compared with typical Lintneri, the variety is .5 to i mm. shorter,
proportionately broader, firmer in texture, with tlie exuviae orange-brown
instead of yellowish-brown.

Scale ofMale.—0(\.\\G. normal form and colour of the genus, with a
distinct but feeble median keel and pale yellow exuviae. Length about
.8 mm.

Unfortunately I have no typical male scales of Lintneri with which
to compare those of this variety.

Female. — Elongated, witli the segmentation moderately distinct.

86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISt.

Pygidium with three pairs of lobes visible ; median pair large and well
developed, second pair smaller, third pair rudimentary. Median pair
contiguous at the base, their inner edges diverging at about a right angle,
each lobe being bluntly pointed. Lobes of the second pair each
composed of two rounded lobules, of vvliich the inner is the larger. Third
pair only slightly produced. A distinct spine at the base of each median
lobe, and a small plate and obscure marginal gland opening between the
median and second lobes. A large spine above and a small one below
the outer lobule of the second lobe. A plate and marginal gland open-
ing between the second and third lobes. Following the third lobe, two
spines, two plates, a marginal gland opening, and, after a space, a group
of one to three plates, followed first by a marginal gland opening and
then by a terminal group of five to nine plates. Dorsal rows of oval
gland openings ])resent.

Groups of circumgenital glands compact. Median, 13 to 18 ;
anterior laterals, 25 to 42 ; posterior laterals, 19 to 28.

Male. — Unknown.

It is impossible to separate the two insects by their pygidia.

Chionaspis Lmt?ieri, Comst., and this variety both belong to the
group of sa/ia's L., ortliolobis, Comst.

Chionaspis cary^, n. sp.

Scale of Female. — Inconspicuous on the bark of the host plant;
elongated, rather irregular in form, of a dirty white colour with brown
exuvife. Anterior and smaller exuvia easily distinguished, the posterior
and larger one completely hidden from view by the copious secretion that
covers it. Length, 1.7 to 2. mm. Breadth, about .8 mm.

Scale of Male. — Very small and white, with a very indistinct median ,
keel. The pale brown exuvia extending about one-third the total length.
Length, .5 to .7 mm.

Female. — Elongated, narrowed toward the anterior end, being
broadest toward the posterior end. Segmentation distinct, the posterior
segments being produced laterally and bearing numerous gland openings.
Rudimentary antennce distinct, the distance between them about equal to
the width of the mouth-parts. Pygidium brown, somewhat triangular,
with the first and second pairs of lobes well developed, the third pair
being more or less rudimentary. Median pair large, conspicuous, with
their inner edges fused together for about half their length, forming one
solid ]iiece. Lobes of the second pair each divided into an inner,

THE CANADIAN P]NTOMOLOGIST. 8?

oblique, lobule which is sometimes serrated, and an outer straight one,
the inner one being larger. Third i)air of lobes broad and only slightly
produced, with the outer edge serrated. A distinct spine above at the
base of each median lobe, and between the median and second lobes a
short plate and an obscure marginal gland opening. A large spine
above tlie outer lobule of the second lobe and a smaller one below, and
between this lobule and the third lobe a plate and a marginal gland
opening. A marginal gland opening at the base of the third lobe, and,
outside this lobe, a large spine above and a small one below, followed
first by a plate and then by a notch in which is a marginal gland
opening. Following this is a spine, one or two plates, and, after a space,
the terminal group of about seven plates. Dorsal rows of oval gland
openings present.

Circumgenital glands arranged in five groups: Median, 12 to 19;
anterior laterals, 21 to 29; posterior laterals, 15 to 22.

Male. — Unknown.

This species also belongs to the salicis group, but may be readily
distinguished from all others of the genus by the peculiar fusion of the
inner edges of the median lobes.

Habitat. — On Carya from Washington, D. C.

Chionaspis Lounsburvi, n. sp.

Scale of Female. — Elongated, sometimes narrow like Mytilaspis and
sometimes broadened posteriorly like Chionaspis ; straight, very firm in
texture, silvery-white with the exuviae yellowish or brownish. Secretion
covering the second exuvia firm and persistent. Scale more or less
covered with a brown bloom, which occurs naturally on the surface of the
leaves of the host-plant. Length of exuvise about i mm. ; total length,
2.4 to 3 mm.

Scale of Male. — Very loosely constructed and fragile ; median keel
present, but very indistinct, invisible, in fact, except in the more perfect
specimens. White, with the exuvia pale yellowish or colourless. Length,
1.2 to 1.5 mm.

Female. — Elongated, narrowed at the anterior end, but with the
abdominal segments of about equal width ; mouth-parts occujjying fully
one-half the width of the body at the anterior end. Pygidium with a
median notch, the two sides being formed by the first pair of lobes, which
are large and well developed in some individuals, or small and rudimen-
tary in others. Second pair present, third pair obsolete. Median lobes

88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

when well developed rounded on ihe posterior extremities, sometimes
faintly serrate, with a pair of spines in the notch ; when rudimentary, only
slightly produced, with the pair of spines in the notch often inconspicuous
or absent. Second lobe composed of two lobules, inner large and
rounded, outer smaller and bluntly pointed. Two spines anterior to the
outer edge of each median lobe. A well-developed plate and a marginal
gland opening between the median and second lobes. Two spines at the
base of the second lobe, and outside this lobe, a second plate, followed
by a deep notch in which is a marginal gland opening. Then two spines
and a third plate followed by a second notch in which is a marginal
gland opening, and, after a short space, the fourth and last plate.
Dorsal rows of oval gland openings present.

Five groups of circumgenital glands : median, 5 or 6 ; anterior
laterals, 10 to 13; posterior laterals, 13 to 27.

Male. — Unknown.

This species may be distinguished from other known members of the
genus by the characteristic appearance of the scales, particularly those of
the female. It belongs to the group oi eugejiice (Green), chmensis (Ckll.),
etc., or those having a terminal median notch in the pygidium.

Habitat. — On an unidentified plant from Ceres, Cape Colony, South
Africa, sent by the Government entomologist, Mr. Charles P. Lounsbury,
to Dr. L. O. Howard, at Washington, and also to the writer. The female
scales are indiscriminately distributed over both surfaces of the leaves,
while the male scales occur in groups chiefly on the under surface.

I take pleasure in naming this insect after its discoverer, Mr. Louns-
bury, who is doing very valuable and praiseworthy work in economic

entomology.

Chionaspis Howardi, n. sp.

Scale of Female. — Elongated, narrow, sides nearly parallel. White,
with the exuviae variable in colour, being yellow, brown or green ; two
parts of the same exuvia often of different colours. Second exuvia
obscured by the waxy secretion that covers it. Length of exuvise about
.7 mm.; total length of the scale, 1.5 to 1.7 mm.

Scale of Male. — Elongated, sides parallel, with a distinct median
keel ; creamy white with the exuvia of about the same colour. Length
about 1.2 mm.

Female. — Elongated, very slightly broadened posteriorly, with the
segmentation not pronounced, the posterior segments having numerous

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 89

gland openings on the sides. Pygidiiim cleft at intervals and having the
margin distinctly denticulate, more plainly so in some specimens than in
others. Median and second pairs of lobes well developed, often with
thickenings of the body wall extending anteriorly from them ; third pair
wholly wanting. Median pair separated by a distance about equal to the
width of one of the lobes. Each lobe of the second pair composed of
two distinct and separate lobules, the inner one being larger and often
approximating the median lobes in size. Interval between the median
lobe occupied by two more or less distinct teeth, anterior to which is a
transverse oval gland opening. Two spines anterior to each median
lobe, and immediately outside each median lobe, a large plate, anterior to
which is a spine. An oval gland opening between this plate and the
second lobe, and, outside this lobe, a second plate, a denticulate space
with two marginal gland openings and a spine, then one or two plates,
followed by another denticulate space with two marginal gland openings
and a spine, and, lastly, the terminal group of two plates.

Five groups of circumgenital glands ; median, 5 to 7 ; anterior
laterals, 9 to 14 ; posterior laterals, 7 to 14.

Male. — Unknown. *

Habitat. — On East Indian bamboo from the Department of Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C.

I take pleasure in naming this insect after Dr. L. O. Howard,
United States Entomologist, the extent and value of whose work is well
known by all workers in entomology.

Chionapsis Lintneri, Comst.
Since this species was described in 1882, in Prof. Comstock's second
Report of the Department of Entomolgy of the Cornell University Ex-
periment Station, no mention has been made of its having been dis-
covered in other localities, except in the instance mentioned in a previous
paragraph of this paper. On January 12, 1898, Mr. A. F. Burgess, an
assistant in the scientific department of the work of extermination of the
Gypsy moth, found a Chionaspis abundant on Abius in a swamp in Stone-
ham, Mass. I made an examination of these specimens and found them
to be C. Lintneri, Comst. The specimens occur only at the bases of
the young trees.

Chionaspis minor. Mask.

In the fall of 1897, Prof A. L. Quaintance sent me a piece of a
branch of a " China-tree " (Melia azedarach) badly infested with a white

90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Chionaspis, which, on examination, proved to be C/iionaspis mi/ior,
Mask. From tlie appearance of the branch, it occurred to me tliat the
species might be doing harm, and, on writing to Prof. Qiiaintance, I was
informed that it was severely attacking the " ("hina-trees " at Braiden-
town, Florida, having apparently killed many trees on the main street of
the town. This is the first time this species has been reported from the
United States, so far as I can learn, and as it has quite a large number
of food plants, its introduction is an important matter.

Chionaspis minor was originally described from New Zealand, and
is quite generally distributed in the West Indies. Mr. Alexander Craw
has also sent me specimens which arrived at San Francisco, Cal., on an
unidentified plant from Panama. The species is known to attack Palm,
Vitis vini/era, Rhipogonum scandens, Persoonia, Hibiscus, Capsicum,
Erythrina, and Mclia azedarach (China-tree).

A NEW GRASSHOPPER FROM ONTARIO.

BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO.

Melanoplus abortivus, new species. — Size rather small, especially
the male. Female nearly as large as M. feiiiur-rubruin, but proportion-
ately much stouter.

Frontal costa nearly reaching the clypeus, subequal, though sometimes
a little contracted toward the vertex, plane except a slight depression at
the ocellus, or in the male generally slightly sulcate from just above the
ocellus, rather thinly punctate. Vertex with the margins slightly elevated,
gently expanding in front of the eyes for a distance about equal to or
somewhat less than that between the eyes in the female, rather greater in
the male. Interspace between the eyes rather broader than the first
antennal joint in the male, nearly twic^ as broad in the female. Eyes
rather prominent, especially in the male, of moderate size. Top of head
moderately prominent, evenly convex. Antennae about as long as the
head and pronotum. Anterior margin of pronotum truncate or very
slightly emarginate, posterior margin obtusely rounded. Sides of pro-
notum in the male sub-parallel, only slightly divergent posteriorly on the
metazona; in the female distinctly divergent throughout their entire length,
so that the width of the pronotum is about one-third greater at the pos-
terior than at the anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum broadly convex
and more or less distinctly and finely punctate on the metazona. Median
carina entirelv obliterated or very indistinct on the prozona, distinct and

THE CANADIAN BNTOMOLOGlST. 91

somewhat elevated on the metazona. Lateral carinte distinct except
towards the posterior margin of the metazona. Posterior margin of the
lateral lobes very oblique, forming an angle of about sixty degrees with
the dorsum, more or less distinctly angulate with the sinuous lower
margin ; metazona densely ])unctate, prozona glabrous and shining.
Prosternal spine short, bluntly conical, slightly bent backward, transverse
in the female. Tegmina not longer than the pronotum, generally
distinctly shorter, ovate in outline, the greatest breadth being about two-
thirds the length ; sometimes barely meeting on the dorsum, but more
often separated by a space of variable width, which is occasionally equal
to nearly half the greatest width of the tegmen. Wings reduced to mere
scales which do not quite reach the tympanum. Cerci of the male not
quite reaching to the tip of the supra-anal plate, simple, about two-thirds
as broad at the base as long, ta[)ering to a blunt rounded point, which is
not or scarcely bent inwards, outer margin nearly straight, inner slightly
sinuate ; under surface slightly convex near the base. Supra-anal plate
with a narrow median furrow and a broader one of about equal depth on
each side ; triangular in outline, with rounded sides ; width at base about
two-thirds the length. Furcula minute, not more than about one-sixth
length of the supra-anal plate, about as broad as long, slightly approximate
and somewhat constricted in the middle. Sub-genital plate narrow,
elongate, entire, terminating in a blunt point. Hind femora stout, reach-
ing beyond the tip of the abdomen in the male, not quite to the end as a
rule in the female. Colour of dried specimens : Above, dull grayish-
brown, somewhat paler on the abdomen in the female, more or less dis-
tinctly speckled with darker gray. A shining black band runs from the
posterior border of the eye across the upper half of the lateral lobe of the
pronotum and downward to the middle coxa, and also backward along
the side of the abdomen, fading away near the last segment. It encloses
an oblique whitish spot running from the base of the tegmen to the hind
coxa. Below this black band the whole of the head and thorax is yellowish-
white in well-preserved specimens, deeper yellow on the metasternum.
There is also in the female generally a short whitish line along the lateral '
carina of the pronotum, which is sometimes continued downward and
forward in an interrupted line across the black band. Venter pale yellow,
darker in the female. Hind femora yellowish-brown, under surface
reddish-yellow, crossed on both outer and inner surfaces by two oblique,
more or less distinct, dusky bands. Hind Uhl-.v coral red. i'ure and

92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

middle legs yellowish, fleeced with reddish-brown. Antennae dusk)'
paler at base.

Length of antenna: ^ 5.5 to 7 mm., $ 6.8 to 7.5 mm.

" " head and pronotum : ^^ 6 to 7 mm., 5 6.8 to 8 mm.
" " hind femora : ^ 9 to 9.5 mm., ? 10 to 12 mm.

" tegmen : (^ 3 to 3.5 mm., ? 3.5 to 5.5 mm.
" " body: i^ 14.5 to 16.7, 9 20 to 24 mm.

This species is very closely allied to Af. mancus, Smith, from which
it can be distinguished as follows : In mancus the cerci of the male are
much longer than in abortiviis, reaching quite to the end of the supra-anal
plate, sometimes beyond it, while in abortivus they are always distinctly
shorter. In viancns they are fully twice as long as broad, generally more
than this, the apex considerably expanded and distinctly incurved ; the
furcula is much longer than in abortivus, being a fourth as long as the
supra-anal plate, while in the latter they are never more than one-sixth as
long. In abortivus they are about as broad as long, slightly convergent
and constricted in the middle, while in tnancus they are distinctly longer
than broad and somewhat divergent. The females are extremely difficult
to separate from those of mancus, there being scarcely one permanent
distinguishing character.

The lateral carimij of the pronotum are more prominent in abortivus,
there being a distinct angle between the dorsum and lateral lobes, while
in mancus this angle is rounded off. In abortivtis the posterior margin
of the pronotum is more or less angulated with the lower margin, in
mafutis there is generally no semblance of an angle here.

Described from fifty-five specimens, of which twenty-five are males
and thirty females. Most of these were taken at De Grassi Point, Lake
Simcoe, Ontario, and in neighboring localities. The only other locality
where I have seen it is Aurora, Ontario, about 22 miles further south.
It is found in openings in rich shady woods and on their borders,
especially where the timber is of a coniferous growth. I have found it
most common in paths in swampy woods composed of spruce, balsam fir,
tamarack, paper birch, etc. Seldom more than one or two are seen at
once, though by diligent search specimens can be secured any day during
the proper season, which lasts from the first week in July, or a little later,
to the beginning of October. The earliest date upon which I have taken
a specimen is July 2, 1896.

Figures of this species will appear later, in connection with my
" Notes on Some Ontario Acridiidse."

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MYRMELIONID^.— I.

BY ROLLA P. CURRIE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Brac/iynetnurus Coqiiilletti, new species.

Male. — Length, 33 mm.; expanse of wings, 44 mm.*; greatest width
of anterior wing, 5.6 mm.; length of antenna, 6 mm, ; luteous, marked
with dark fuscous ; clothed with white hairs, thickly so on abdomen ;
apical segments of abdomen with some black liairs among the white ones.

Face flat, luteous. bordered above by a pitchy-black band separating
the antenna} and narrowly bordering them in front and on the outer side ;
a longitudinal median black line extends from this band almost to the
clypeus. Circum-ocular area luteous, except along the anterior portion
of the vertex, where it is fuscous, and on the margin next the eye, oppo-
site the middle of anterior joint of maxillary palpiger, where there is a
fuscous spot. Clypeus rather short, luteous, on either side anteriorly an
impressed spot ; above, a few black bristles. Labrum transverse, luteous;
rounded laterally and narrowed anteriorly, nearly straight in front, where
it is sparsely clothed with light- coloured hairs. Mandibles piceous,
black at tips.

Maxillary palpi of moderate length, luteous ; first two joints short,
about as broad as long, subequal ; third joint a little longer than first two
together, somewhat curved, enlarged apically ; fourth joint a little shorter
than third ; last joint as long as third, slightly fusiform (a little swollen
medially), apically piceous ; tip truncate, pale.

Labial palpi about same length as maxillary, luteous ; first joint
twice as long as broad ; second joint about twice as long as first, curved,
enlarged apically ; apical joint as long as second, fusiform, strongly
narrowed apically, where it is piceous ; sparsely clothed with dark hairs ;
tip fine, truncate, pale.

Maxillary palpigers luteous. Labium and labial palpigers luteous.
Mentum luteous, with a longitudinal median dark line, at the posterior
end of which is a long bristlef. Gula luteous.

Antennfe clavate, as long as head and thorax, luteous, joints with a
fuscous ring at base, clothed with some very short dark hairs or bristles ;
the two basal joints 1 teous, clouded with piceous ; basal joint set in a
yellow ring which is widest in front.

*One specimen, a co-type, collected at San Simon, Arizona, July 5, 1897, by Mr.
n. G. Hubliard, expands on'v 41 nim.

tTliis l)ristle is not ai3]iarcnt in some specimens.

94 THE CANADIAN liNTOMOLOGIST.

Vertex elevated behind, rounded, luteous ; post-antennal area fus-
cous ; two transverse fuscous bands on elevated portion ; these bands
merge into one along the middle third*; a short fuscous prolongation
posteriorly along the longitudinal median furrow.

Pronotum as broad as long, narrowed anteriorly, sparsely clothed
with rather long white hairs, more thickly so on margins ; sides sinuate,
front emarginate : anterior angles rounded ; luteous, a longitudinal fuscous
band each side of middle line ; these bands are approximate or coales-
cent behind the transverse furrow, more widely separated before it ;
another longitudinal fuscous band on the outer side of each middle one,
behind the transverse furrow. Lateral carinae luteous. Beneath luteous,
a longitudinal fuscous streak on each side near carina.

Mesothorax sparsely clothed with white hairs ; lobes of dorsum
strongly elevated : anterior lobe fuscous, a spot each side, and one at
posterior margin medially, luteous ; lateral lobes fuscous, a few luteous
spots near the articulation of wings ; on each of these lateral lobes a
luteous triangle whose apex terminates near the mid-dorsal line; posterior
lobe luteous, a longitudinal median fuscous streak which is wider
anteriorly ; posterior angles luteous, each with a U-shaped fuscous streak.
Below mostly fuscous, at base of wings and legs luteous.

Metathorax sparsely clothed with white hairs ; dorsum with lobes
less elevated than those of mesothorax ; anterior lobe luteous, with a
U- or V-shaped fuscous marking ; lateral lobes each with a luteous
triangle similar to those on corresponding lobes of mesonotum ; base of
wings above fuscous ; posterior lobe similar to that of mesonotum. Sides
and below mostly fuscous ; bases of legs and wqngs, and a few spots,
fuscous.

Abdomen longer than wings, slender, thickly clothed with white
hairs, a few black ones apically, fuscous, the basal segments above
luteotis with a median black line.

Appendages short, half as broad as long, one-fourth the length of
last segment, cylindrical, obtuse on tip, luteous ; clothed with long black
hairs or bristles ; between the appendages below, a short triangular
luteous plate.

*In one specimen, a co-type, collected in Los Angeles County, California, by Mr,
Albert Koebele, the bands are interrupted at the longitudinal median furrow ; in
another co-type, collected July 5, 1897, at San Simon, Arizona, by Mr. II. ("■. Hub-
bard, these bands are almost enterely merged into one. ^

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95

Legs of moderate length, luteoiis, sparsely sprinkled with black or
brownish-black at bases of hairs and spines ; sparsely clothed with dark
hairs and beset with long black spines. Tibial spurs as long as first three
tarsal joints, moderately curved, rufo-piceous. Apices of tarsal joints
black, third and fourth joints entirely so. Claws as long as fifth tarsal
joint, moderately curved, rufopiceous.

Wings somewhat falcate at tips, hyaline, clothed on venation, and
sparsely on membrane, with dark hairs ; posterior borders of wings
subapically strongly arcuate, almost angulate, making the wings quite
broad before tips. Pterostigma luteous, on inner side a black spot
formed by junction of sub-costal and median veins ; before the ptero-
stigma a few intercostals forked. Principal longitudinal veins luteous,
interrupted at junctures of transversals with black ; a longitudinal vein
between median and submedian entirely luteous ; other longitudinal
veins and transversals fuscous, interrupted with luteous.

Anterior wings with the anterior transversals springing from the
submedian vein above, and some other veins posterior to it, with small
fuscous spots ; posterior wings shorter than anterior, immaculate. Pos-
terior borders of both wings fringed with dark hairs.

Female. — Length, 25 mm.; expanse of wings, 44 mm.; greatest width
of anterior wing, 6 mm.; length of antenna, 5 mm.*

Antennae more clavate than in male. Abdomen a litter shorter than
anterior wings, not luteous on basal segments above ; tip luteous ; supe-
rior parts split, clothed with long dark hairs and beset with coarse black
spines at apex ; below, two short, cylindrical appendages, clothed with
long dark hairs.

Type. — No. 3814, U. S. National Museum. One male, collected
July 5, 1897, at San Simon, Arizona, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard.

No. 3814a, U. S. National Museum. One female collected in San
Bernardino County, California, by Mr. D. W. Coquillett.

Cotypes. — Collection U. S. National Museum. Two males, one
with antenniw and apical segments of abdomen gone, collected July 5,
1897, at San Simon, Arizona, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard; one male with
fragmentary abdomen, collected in August, in Los Angeles County, Cali-

*This is a small specimen; a female, co-type, from Los Angeles County, California,

collected in August l>y Mr. Albert Koebele, is 29 mm. in length and expands 51 mm.
A third specimen, also a female co-type, from the same locality, collected in July by
the same person, is slightly smaller than this latter.

96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

fornia, by Mr. Albert Koebele ; two females collected by the latter in
Los Angeles County, California, one in July the other in August.

This species is peculiar chiefly through the shape of the wings, and
through the very slender abdomen. Luteous is the prevailing colour in
the males, fuscous in the females. The male appendages are very
similar, in size and shape, to those of B. longipalpis.

CONCERNING TICKS.

BY REV. W. J. HOLLAND, PH. D., LL. D., CHANCELLOR OF THE WESTERN
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

The other day a distinguished artist friend of mine called upon me
with a small bottle containing some whiskey, which by its odour I judged
was good, when he first took it from his flask, and in it was what he de-
nominated a " bug." He told me that he had experienced " one of the
most wonderful adventures of his life" in connection with the specimen
he put before me, and went on to tell me that during the past summer,
while sketching in the mountains, he had discovered one evening, when
undressing, a small, dark swelling on his breast. He thought it to be a
little abnormal growth on the skin and paid no attention to it. From
time to time he noticed it afterwards, when retiring, and found to his
considerable alarm that it was gradually growing larger, and evil thoughts
of cancer, tumors, and what not, began to float through his mind. Finally,
after some two weeks had passed, one evening, as he expressed it, "while
fooling with the darned thing it came off." He laid it down on the dress-
ing-case before him and was presently astounded to see it slowly crawling
away from the spot. Then a small bottle was sought out, the whiskey
flask was brought into requisition, and the " bug " was safely bottled, to be
referred to me for an explanation. This proved not difficult to give. The
specimen was a well-developed example of Ixodes a/bipidus, Packard.
We had a hearty laugh together, and my friend assured me that he "would
know better the next time, and not let such creatures establish such a
lengthy abode upon his person." His adventure recalled to me a letter
which I have long had in my possession, intending to publish it, as it is
very well written, and adds a touch of humour to the subject. The
specimen referred to in the letter is in my collection, and proves to be an
example of Ixodes bovls, a very common plague in the south-western part
of this country. The writer of the letter, a young friend of mine, says :

" I had no idea that my bug was of interest to anybody but myself,
but I assure you I was glad to let him go.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97

" We sleep on the ground all summer here in New Mexico, with no
protection and but little covering. Bugs of all kinds, and even centi-
pedes, crawl under and into our beds for shelter. I was on the Rio Gila,
near the Arizona line, sleeping on the sand, with a blanket under me and
my boots for a pillow, when I absorbed the specimen you have now in
your collection. It was probably smaller at that time, as the pain and
irritation gradually increased for about two weeks.

" I was seventy-five miles from a physician, and had no idea of
consulting one, until the pain became unbearable. In the meantime, I
had used all the common domestic remedies which were at hand, for
what I thought was earache. Finally the pain destroyed sleep and an-
noyed me constantly during the day, and I was driven against my will to
consult a physician. He examined my ear, told me it was much in-
flamed, gave me a ' wash,' which I used twice without effect, and I car-
ried the thing two weeks longer. The hearing in my right ear was
affected from the very first, but during the last week I lost the ability
to hear in both ears, and the pain became almost intolerable. I went to
Trinidad and consulted a doctor there, who after a very thorough exam-
ination told me it was polypus. In his efforts to remove this he dragged
out the bug. ]\Iy hearing was at once restored, but the irritation re-
mained for some time.

" I have heard of two other cases of the same kind, which were re-
lieved by the injection of tobacco-juice, in one instance after the man had
become frantic with pain. These creatures are often found in the ears
of cattle and occasionally of horses.

" All results flowing from my enforced connection with the bug have
disappeared, the inflammation has vanished, my hearing is as good as
ever, and when a tick next gets into my ear I will try the tobacco cure at
once, notwithstanding Aunt Beck's objection to its use in any form."

The genus Ixodes is of considerable extent, but, so far as is known
to the writer, without taking especial pains to look up the entire litera-
ture, has not received revisional treatment during the past forty years.
A search of the Entomological Record shows that many species have
been described in the time which has elapsed since this valuable publi-
cation was commenced, but no student has apparently addressed himself
to the task of monographing this genus and its allied genera. A thorough
revision of the Ixodidse is a desideratum, which it is to be ho]")ed some
enthusiast may before long undertake to give us.

98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

MANITOBA BUTTERFLIES.

As the result of last year's work I have an addition to make to
the list of Manitoba Diurni, which appeared in this magazine about two
years ago. On July 3rd, when driving across an outlying portion of my
farm, in a flowery glade amongst some scrub I saw an unusual looking
''fritii/ary" hovering over and settling together with Aj-gyntiis Lais
upon some lillies in bloom. On netting it I found it to be a " green
wing," which has been determined by my friend, Dr. Fletcher, to be
A. Edivardsii. In a short time I secured three or four more examples
of this Western species from the same place. On the 7th July I found
it again in a similar locality, about a mile south of where I had originally
seen it, and secured some more specimens, all of which, except perhaps a
couple whose wings were slightly chipped, were in good condition. I
went out again on the loth, but though Lais and Cybele were on the
wing, I did not see Ed-ivardsii. A correspondent at Brandon (in this
Province), Mr. Boger, writes me that he also took one or two " green
wings " this summer ; Brandon being 60 or 70 miles to the N. W. of me.
He was, when writing, under the impression that his was A. Nevadensis.
It would be a very curious fact if both species (?) visited Manitoba at
the same time, and it would look very much as though they were only
varieties of one species. I have just noticed among my series one
specimen that varies slightly from the majority, and is somewhat like the
description given of A. Nevadensis. Colias Casonia did not again
present itself, though I saw in 1896 at least half a dozen specimens
besides the two I caught.

Mr. A. W. Hanham, of Winnipeg, has referred to my collection in the
very useful list of Manitoba moths which commenced in the December
number of this magazine. I am sorry to say that I am unable to give
him any assistance worth mention, through the bulk of my collection
being unnamed. This is to be regretted, as I think I might be able to
make some additions, and the list should be as complete as possible.
He has kindly offered his assistance in naming my insects, and anything
he finds new amongst them can appear in a supplementary list at some
future date. We poor collectors in the Wild West labour under many
and very great difficulties. Not only do specimens suffer more or less in
transit through the ])ost, but boxes do not always receive due care and
attention "at the other end." The practice, too, of specialists annexing
all new and rare species and interesting varieties is much to be

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 'J 9

deprecated. I ihink entomologists might be more generous to one
another. For my own part I would gladly pay handsomely in specimens
to anyone who would name for me what I send, but I do not like parting
with uniqtte specimens. I collect only Manitoba insects, and have
several species of which I have only seen single examples during the
seventeen years I have been in the country. I have them annexed by
some specialist. Wiiat then? I might, having taken the species, replace
it by specimens from Nevada or Colorado, let us say. But they would
not be Manitoban specimens, and very likely would present certain minor
differences. All thanks and credit being given to those who, through
greater advantages and opi)ortunities, have acquired a knowledge which
it is impossible for many of their brethren who are less favourably
situated to gain, and impart that knowledge, but they exact too heavy a
price for it, and by so doing, instead of encouraging the study of ento-
mology, confine it within narrow limits by their action.

E. FiRMSTONE Heath, Cartwright, Manitoba.

TRYPETA SOLIDAGINIS.

BY MRS. A. ;. SNYDER, BELVIDERE, ILLINOIS.

A year ago last autumn, while rambling about the fields, we took
especial notice of the galls upon the golden-rod. We saw that there were
two kinds, the elongated and the round. We knew that from the former
came a tiny moth, well-known to us, and from the latter a fly with which
we were not familiar, or, if familiar, not known to come from this gall.
The elongated galls were all empty, but the round ones we found upon
examination contained each a small white grub. Wt gathered a quantity
of the galls and placed them in a jelly glass on the writing table where
they would be constantly before us for observation.

On the following twenty-first of April we noticed something peculiar
about one of the galls. There was a movement at one little spot that
soon looked like a tiny drop of water. We were on the alert instantly,
and with microscopes in hand awaited developments. Upon closer
investigation the "drop of water" looked more like a membranous
bubble (ptilinum, I think is the correct term for this sac-like organ).
With the naked eye it could be seen to expand and relax, and upon it
were observed tiny drops of water or some liquid substance, — sweat
drops as we shall call them.

The following is a minute description (for an amateur) of the
emergence of the fly as seen through a hand lens. In the first place

100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

there seemed to be a depression and ridge like the arcs of a great circle
cutting each other at right angles and dividing the sac into quarters.
The " sweat drops " stood out upon the ptilinum like little beads as it
expanded and relaxed gently.

Suddenly the ptilinum apparently withdrew into the aperture of the
gall, being almost out of .sight, and then it as suddenly swelled out ; at
the same time there was a change in the position of the " sweat drops,"
and they were larger than before.

After this great relaxation and emergence the fly came out rapidly
until the eyes were visible. The ptilinum extended far out above the
eyes, overshadowing them. The appearance of the visible part of the fly
at this period reminded one strongly of a back view of a head that is
bald, the eyes of tiie fly taking the place of the ears. Under the mag-
nifier the eyes were distinctly purplish.

After the head and part of the body were out of the gall the
relaxations of the sac were shown by depressions. These depressions
were across the top of the sac — laterally — and were four in number.
There were also three depressions at the back — horizontally. Some-
times the fly did not seem to gain much in an effort after a relaxation,
and at other times the amount of emergence was quite noticeable.
When the mouth-parts became visible they were seen to open and the
ptilinum to relax simultaneously with each effort. When the fly had
nearly emerged the efforts became greater, and the ptilinum sank very
much at each relaxation.

After a final struggle the fly crawled slowly out upon the gall and
rested. The ptilinum partially collapsed, relieving the fly of its top-heavy
appearance, and gradually, and at the same time almost unnoticeably, it
was all seemingly absorbed, and a very natural looking fly was before us.
We noticed the emergence of a number of these insects, with the same
results, as far as we could determine.

The disappearance of the ptilinum at the final stage was almost a
mystery. It would seem to be gradually disappearing, and yet, all at
once, it was gone and there was not the slightest trace of it. Perhaps a
stronger microscope would have revealed more.

We opened some of the galls before the flies emerged to see how
heavy a door they had to open. We found the pupa in a small excavation
at the centre of the gall, and a circular channel, less than two millimeters
in diameter, leading from it to the outside of the gall, only the mere skin
of the enlarged stem serving as a covering.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101

A NEW BOMBYCID.

BY R. (yiTOLENGUI, NEW YORK.

Cisthoie striata, no^-. sp. — Antennae and palpi black. Head, pro-
thorax and patagia ci'v^amy, the prothorax of a deeper shade. Thorax
above dull gray. Abdomen rose coloured above and laterally, gray ven-
trally. Legs brownish-gray.

Primaries, upper side, dull gray, the veins all of a deeper shade,
giving the wings a striated a])pearance. Three narrow longitudinal stripes
of creamy colour cross the wing. The first along the costa narrowing
and disappearing at the apex. The second along the median vein, aris-
ing near the base and reaching the outer margin ; this stripe is widest
centrally and pointed at each end. The third is between this and the
inner margin. It begins at the base and terminates at the upper edge of
a distinct yellow spot near the angle. There is also a narrow vellow
streak, along the inner margin from the base to the spot mentioned.
Under side, gray, the more distinct marks of the reverse showing faintly
except the spot near the angle which is distinct and rosy instead of
yellow.

Secondaries, upper side, rosy with gray apices. Reverse the same.
Expanse 17 mm. Described from one male in the collection of the
author. Taken at ^liami, Florida, by Mr. Erowntll.

COCKERELL ON PANURGUS AND CALLIOPSIS.

BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS.

Prof Cockerell's treatment of these genera is likely to create an
erroneous impression, which should be corrected wherever his statements
are made. In Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXIV^., 150, he says: "It is
perfectly evident that the so-called species of Famirgtis of North Am-
erica are not all of the same genus." In the Dec. Can. Ent., p. 287,
he says : " The result is extremely interesting, and seems to show that
we have for many years been placing bees in genera to which they by no
means belong." To those acquainted with the literature and the bees in
question this has been clearly understood, at least since it was distinctly
stated by Cresson ten years ago. In the .Synopsis, page 134, Cresson
says: "The genera Pamirgus, Calliopsis and Perdita have been
made the receptacle for a number of species which do not properly
belong to either of these genera, and have been placed there provision-
ally until more abundant material can be obtained, when a more careful
study may be made of their characters." ]\Ir. Cresson wisely intended
to save himself and others from fabricating such genera as Pseudopanur-
xus and HcinihalictHS.

102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A NEW EGG-PARASITE OF THE PERIODICAL CICADA.

BY L. O. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The Chalcidid subfamily Trichogranimatinae is composed entirely of
species parasitic in the eggs of other insects. A synopsis of the genera
has recently been published by Dr. Chr. i\urivillius in " Entomologisk
Tidskrift ■' for 1897, pp. 249-256, apropos to the establishment of a new
genus (Oophthora) for a species which he has reared in Sweden from the
eggs of Seviblidis lutarice. In this synopsis of the genera Dr. Aurivillius
makes Lathromeris, Forster (Hymenopt, Stud., 1856, 2, pp. 87-89) a
synonym of Chsetostricha, Haliday (An. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, Vol.
7, 1851, p. 212).

Without being able to consult types, it is obvious to the writer, from
comparison of Haliday's original description with that of Forster, that the
two genera cannot be synonymous since Lathromeris has a compact
4-jointed club, whereas Chaitostricha is described as having the 3rd joint
broad, with the 4th, 5th and 6th forming the club (3-jointed). Moreover,
Lathromeris has a ring-joint which was not mentioned in the description
of the Halidayan genus. The following description, therefore, may be
considered as reviving the genus Lathromeris. The additional " kieines
griffelformiges endglied " which Forster states appears to be present with
Lathromeris is not present with the following species, but the club bears
several long apical hairs which, were they moistened and stuck together,
would have the appearance described by the famous German hymenop-
terologist.
Lathromeris ciCAD.t:, new species.

Female. — Length, .74 mm.; expanse, 1.48 mm.; greatest width of
fore wing, .21 mm. Body long and slender, abdomen acuminate and
longer than head and thorax together ; antennae short, clavate, scape
rather stout, pedicel still stouter and half as long as scape, ring-joint very
minute, almost imperceptible, club stouter than pedicel and as long as
scape, compact but rather plainly divided into 4 subequal joints, the
apical one being slightly the longest, fusiform in shape and with rather
long delicate hairs, especially toward the tip ; wings ample, with short
marginal cilia; stigmal vein not curved and extending into disk of wing
at an angle of about 45 degrees from costa. Colour sordid yellowish,
occiput black; pronotum dusky, black at sides ; abdomen dark at sides ;
eyes coral red ; ocelli very dark red, almost claret coloured ; antenn<Te
slightly dusky.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103

Male. — Slightly shorter than female ; abdomen with parallel sides
and rounded at tip ; antennae with a dark blotch at base of club.

Described from two males, two females, reared from eggs of Cicada
septendecitn, collected by T. Pergande, in Virginia, just across the
Potomac River from the City of Washington, in July, 1895. All four
specimens mounted on a single slide. Type No. 3850, U. S. Nat. Mus.

NOTES ON SOME BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA FROM
HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

The following notes are based on specimens collected by Mr. S. N.

Dunning, all at Hartford : —

{i) Andrena Diomingi, n. sp. — $. Length 12 mm. 3 black, with
ochraceous pubescence. Facial quadrangle broader than long ;
lateral facial depressions covered with appressed pubescence ;
clypeus shining, with large close punctures, median line im-
punctate j front below ocelli irregularly striate, a keel descending
from middle ocellus ; vertex minutel)' roughened, with ill-formed
punctures ; antennae reaching to tegulae, wholly dark, first joint of
tlagellum a little longer^than the two following together; mandibles
dark; rufescent at extreme tip ; process of labriim broad and low,
but very large, gently curved ; thorax, even the metathorax at
base, quite densely covered with long fuivo-ochraceous hair, that
on pleura like that above ; mesothorax viinittely tessellate or
lineolate, tvitli strong deep punctures ; enclosure of metathorax
granular, ill-defined ; teguhe shining, dark brown ; wings strongly
flavescent, not darkened at apex, stigma ferruginous, nervures dark
brown ; second submarginal cell very broad, nearly as large as the
third, receiving the first recurrent only just beyond the middle ;
legs black, the small joints of the tarsi dark reddish-brown ;
pubescence of femora, afid of hind t lb ice, ochraceous ; that of the
other tibice, and all the tarsi, very dark chocolate brown, shining
paler in certain lights ; abdomen shiny, minutely tessellate, zvith
quite numerous but very small and weak punctures ; surface of
abdomen bare, without bands ; apex densely clothed with fulvous
hair ; venter with long fulvous hairs.
Hab. — Hartford, Connecticut. May 26, 1895 (S. N. Dunning).
Superficially this species looks much like A. vicina, but the
pubescence of the apex of the abdomen at once separates it. It
is very much like A. pruni, but that has the punctures of the
abdomen much stronger, the basal joint of the hind tarsi is longer
and narrower, and the colour of the tarsal pubescence is entirely
different.

104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(2) A. Forbesii, Rob. — ?. April 19. Beside the colour of the pubes-

cence, Forbesii is distinguished from rugosa by the smaller and
more numerous ridges on the base of the metathorax ; about 20 in
Forbesii, about 12 or 14 in rugosa. The abdominal hair-bands of
Forbesii may be practically obsolete.

(3) A. Cressonii. Rob. — $, , April 30 ; 9 1 April 19. The $ is not quite

typical in the face-markings.

(4) A.bipunctata, Cress. — Many males, April 19 to May 18.

(5) A. vici?ia, ?>\ri. — April 21 to June 18. Very many. None are var.

errnns (A. erraiis, Sm. ). At Olympia, Washington State, Mr. T.
Kincaid takes the typical form and var. erraits together, the variety
being the most numerous.

(6) A. fimbriata, Sm. — $, Sept. 9 and 15. $^ Sept. 9. The male is

smaller and more slender than the 9 ; face wholly dark, with
long yellow hair ; flagellum faintly ferruginous beneath; process
of labrum bitid ; apex of abdomen with yellowish-white hair ;
pubescence of legs pale.

BOOK NOTICE.

Some Considerations on the Nature and Origin of Species. — By
J. W. Tutt, F. E. S.

This is the title of the presidential address delivered before the City
of London (England) Entomological and Natural History Society, De-
cember, 1897, published in a pamphlet of 20 pages. Mr. Tutt interest-
ingly reviews the recent theories as to the causes of species formation,
touching on the presence of variation in organic beings, action of natural
selection, origin of local races by adaptation to differing environment,
etc., and comes to the conclusion that all generic and specific characters
are due to the past or present action of natural selection. Compara-
tively fresh points are made in that specialization of genital organs does
not necessarily accompany other specialization, and that isolation may
be brought about by difference in time of emergence, difference in habit
or in the hours of mating, as well as by geographical conditions.

Mr. Tutt does not believe that climate, food, sexual selection (in
insects at least), isolation or laws of growth can produce specific charac-
ters ; all such must be utilitarian. This is the position so ably defended
by Wallace, but nevertheless certainly untenable.

The reviewer would refer Mr. Tutt to the case of Datana, where all
the specific characters seem so evidently due to the action of isolation
alone, as most recently lucidly explained by Romanes. In this case the
isolation is due principally to different food plants.

Harrison G. Dvar.

Mailed April 1st, 1898.

Can Ent., Vol. XXX.

Plate 5.

"^^ar- ' ■ ^S.^ip^'^

^,^

Fig. I, Deva (?) ornata ; 2, Basilodes Howaidi ; 3, B. territans, male ; 4, B.
territans, female ; 5, Kallitrichia albavena ; 6, K. pendula ; 7, K. sagittalba,

[NOTE — The colouring is merely approximate ; all, except No. 2, having practically
white secondaries, with nusky shadows.]

\\t €mdm\ Jntomologbt*

Vol. XXX. LONDON, MAY, 1898. No. 5.

METALLIC SPECIES OF BASILODES AND NEW SPECIES OF
ALLIED GENERA.

BY R. OTTOLENGUI, NEW YORK.

Among the Basilodes there are three closely allied species of very
similar pattern, the fore wings being mainly solid metallic golden. These
are territans, Hy. Edw., Howardi, Hy. Edw., and Arizona^, French;
Howardi and Arizonae having been described as Plusias. The most
casual examination of the front of Howardi separates it structurally from
Plusia and places it with Basilodes. Arizonte I have not seen, the only
specimen known to me being the "type" in the collection of Prof.
French. I, however, sent a male and female of territans to Prof French
for comparison with his " type," thinking that Edwards might have
redescribed French's species. From Prof French's reply, together with
a photograph of the type which he kindly had made for me, I have little
doubt that his species is a Basilodes, unless, indeed, it may belong to an
allied, undescribed genus of which I have to write.

The following notes may aid in identifying these three species :
Basilodes tet'ritans, Hy. Edw. — Edwards described this by com-
parison with Howardi, but fails to note two differences, probably because
his single type of Howardi is in indifferent condition. He speaks of two
spots along the costa. This is clearly discernible in the female (see
plate, fig. 4), but the male is slightly different. The ground colour
persists along the median vein as far as the cell, thus dividing the
metallic area and isolating a long narrow metallic spot between the costa
and the vein (see plate, fig. 3.) Moreover, in territans the metallic
colouring reaches quite to the fringes all along the outer margin, whilst
in Howardi at the centre of the outer margin the ground colour shows as
a semi-lunar blotch. This is more distinct in the female (Howardi) than
in the male. In territans the secondaries of the male are clear white,
while in the female a dusky shade shows along the costa and outer
margin. Male expands 33 mm. ; the female 35 mm. My specimens
agree with the types in the Neumoegen collection.

106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Basilodes Hotaardi. — I have not seen the description, but it was
made from a single specimen. It is worth recording, therefore, that both
sexes are alike except in size. The male expands 35 mm., and the
female 37 mm. These measurements might lead one to imagine that
Howardi is but little larger than territans, which would be a gross error,
Howardi being a much more robust insect, with wings much broader in
proportion to their length than in territans. Both sexes have uniformly
brownish secondaries. My specimens agree with the type in the
Edwards collection. (Plate, fig. 2.)

Basilodes Arizona, French. — Of this Prof. French writes to me :
" Your two specimens (territans) have the same general colour as
Arizonas, but the markings are different. Arizonae has the posterior
margin of the fore wings longer in proportion. The type of Arizonte has
a patch at posterior angle (purplish-brown), and one on the middle of the
posterior margin." The original description says " hind wings whitish,"
but as it refers to a single male specimen, I should expect the female to
show dusky margins as in territans.

Synopsis.

Metallic golden fore wings, costa and markings purplish brown.

1. Two spots along costa, metallic area reaching from the base

fully to the fringes at outer margin, anal angle very rounded,
secondaries white with dusky border, female ; or, same with
median vein showing brownish and secondaries pure white,
male tfrritans.

2. As above, additional spots at anal angle and centre of posterior

margin, anal angle less rounded Arizo/ice..

3. Metallic area cut near the base, large triangular brownish blotch .

along the costa, another at the base along the posterior margin,
and a smaller blotch at centre of outer margin ; secondaries

brownish, anal angle not rounded Howardi,

Deva orjiata, nov. spec. — (See plate, fig. i.) Head, antennae, palpi
and thorax dull yellowish-brown. Primaries brilliant metallic golden.
Pattern exactly as in Basilodes Howardi, except that the metallic area
reaches the fringes all along the outer margin. The costa is pale
yellowish-brown, except at the apex, where the metallic colouring persists.
An irregular triangular blotch depends from the costa, in the centre of
which the reniform is plainly visible, outlined by a darker brown line, a
line of similar colour crossing the blotch obliquely between the reniform

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107

and the apex. The reniform within the brown outline is of a deeper
shade than the surrounding field, and by close examination seems to
show a few metallic scales. The metallic colouring is cut near the base
by the t. a. line which connects the costa with a triangular blotch at the
inner margin near the base as in Basilodes Howardi. In the proper
light the t. p. line appears as a series of faint dots, invisible when the
light is reflected by the metallic scales, fringes full, alternating two
shades of light brown, and divided by a fine line which parallels the outer
margin, making the fringes seem double. Secondaries clear white
(satiny), a hair line of brown at the extreme outer margin. Described
from one specimen labeled " Hot Springs, N. Mexico, 7,000 ft. Alt."
Type, male. No. 25975, National Museum, Washington. Expands
31 mm.

I must at once declare that this species is not a Deva at all, but is
probably an undescribed genus, near Basilodes. I cannot risk a descrip-
tion of a genus, however, on account of the condition of the under side
of the insect, which is badly smeared with glue. The structure of the
front, however, with its long palpi, removes it from Basilodes, although I
found it in the Museum collection labeled Basilodes Howardi^ which it
so closely resembles. It may rest tentatively with Deva until found again.

Kaliitrichia, gen. nov. (kuAAo'^, r/x'^e?, having beautiful hair). — An-
tennae simple, slightly serrate, laterally compressed. Clypeus slightly"
roughened, no tubercle, rounded. Palpi oblique, short, very slightly exceed-
ing the front; first and second joints subequal, third joint half the length of
the second; smoothly haired. Eyes naked. Tongue moderate. Thorax
smooth. Vestiture short, hairs with a few scales intermingled. Legs:
tibise without spines, anterior tibiae with claw at tip. Abdomen smooth.
Primaries, costa straight, wing triangular. Secondaries full and rounded.

Kallitrichia aibavena, spec. nov. — Antennae brown (white at base
and perhaps throughout in fresh specimens). Head, thorax and body
white. Primaries metallic green (pale pea green). Costa shows as a
rigidly straight heavy white line, uniting at the apex with the white fringes,
which in turn join a fine white line which borders the inner margin.
Median vein white along the outer half (and perhaps throughout in some
specimens, there being a faint indication of such a tendency in the speci-
men before me). Secondaries pure white (satiny). Described from one
female which expands 30 mm. Habitat, Arizona. Type in collection of
the author. (Plate, fig. 5.)

lOS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Kallitrichia pendida, spec. nov. — Similar to the last, except that all
the white markings here are dusky, only a few scattering pure white scales
appearing. The costal mark is not so rigid along the inner edge, The
white median vein of albaveiia disappears, and in the region of the
reniform we have a pendulum-shaped spot hanging from the costa.
secondaries dusky. (Plate, fig. 6.)

Described from one specimen, male, which expands 30 mm.
Habitat, Arizona. Type in collection of the author.

It should be noted that in this species the costa is not so rigidly
straight as in the last, being slightly bent near the base. When other
specimens of this are found, I should not be surprised to find in some
specimens that the median vein would show brownish, separating the
metallic area, as was noted in the male of Basilodes territafis.

Kallitrichia sagittalba. spec, nov. — (Plate, fig. 7.) Antennae
brownish. Head, thorax and body white. (I have called the bodies of
these three species white, because what scales seem fresh are white, but
as the bodies are in poor condition and somewhat greased, when fresh
they may be brownish.) Primaries : solid metallic pea green. A wide
white band occupies the costa, continuing as a narrow white band all
along the outer margin and around the angle, where it is gradually lost.
The outer terminals of three veins reach the outer margin as faint white
lines. The upper of these extends from the costal band, and thus
encloses a bit of the metallic colouring near the apex. The other two are
the points of a prominent white sagittate mark which occupies the centre
of the wing. Fringes full and white. Secondaries dusky, more so in the
female. Male expands 25 mm.; female, 28 mm. Habitat, Arizona.
Types, male and female, in collection of the author.

OBITUARY.

On the iSth of February, Mr. Johnson Pettit died at Buffalo, N.
Y., and was buried a few days later at Grimsby, Ont. For many years
Mr. Pettit was a most diligent and successful collector of Coleoptera in
the neighbourhood of Grimsby, and was well known amongst Ento-
mologists both in this country and the United States. After forming a
very complete collection of the beetles of Ontario, so far as knov/n at
that time, he gave up the pursuit and turned his attention to Geology.
Subsequently he sold his cabinet of insects to the Entomological Society
of Ontario, at a nominal price, in order that it might be kept in a place of
safety and preserved from destruction. His work was characterized by
remarkable neatness and painstaking accuracy.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109

A NEW ORCHARD PEST — THE FRINGE D-VVING APPLE-
bud moth (nothris? maligemmella, n. sp.).
by j. m. stedman, professor of entomology, university of missouri.
General Remarks.

While experimenting two years ago with the Leaf Grumpier and the
Leaf Folder, a gentleman asked me to visit his apple orchard, some two
miles distant, and to observe the destructive work of what he supposed
was the Leaf Folder. The orchard had been in bearing for several years
and covered sixty acres. The apple trees had at that time just shed their
blooms (petals) and the adjacent orchards appeared green, while the
infested one was very conspicuous, appearing as if a fire had swept
through it.

On entering the orchard it was seen at a glance the injury was not
caused by the Leaf Folder, but by a bud moth, which I at once concluded
must be the Eastern Bud Moth (Tmetocera ocellana). However, as soon
as I saw the larvc'e that were doing the work, I observed that we had to
deal with an entirely different species of insect, one which I had not
observed or read of, and yet one that was doing a vast amount of damage,
for the entire orchard was not only losing its prospective heavy crop of
fruit, but also a large per cent, of the developing leaves and shoots, and
as a consequence, the prospects for next year's fruit buds.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIS INSECT.

From inquiry, it seems this pest first made its appearance in one
corner of the apple orchard two years previously, and since that time had
multiplied to such an extent as to not only cover this orchard, but had
spread into the edge of two adjacent apple orchards, but not into an
adjacent pear orchard. The moth had its own way in this orchard,
however, since the party owning it did not up to that time believe in
spraying, and this enabled nature to take her course ; while in most
commercial orchards the pest might not have multiplied so rapidly owing
to the sprayings applied for other insects.

Thus far we have seen this moth only in the apple orchards in
Jackson County, although several fruit-growers have lately reported its
presence in their apple orchards in other western counties of this State,
but they have not as yet sent specimens for identification.*

*Since the above was written I have been reliably informed that this insect has
been doing considerable damage in Kansas for the past three years.

110

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Although we have not been able to determine, as yet, either the
original locality from which this moth came, or the original food plant, it
is not improbable that this insect has but lately taken to the apple, and
that it existed and may now exist as an obscure insect feeding on some
wild and uncultivated plant.

THE APPEARANCE AND DESCRIPTION OF THIS PEST.

The egg is very small, being only 0.6 mm.* in length, and 0.35 mm.
in breadth, and is, therefore, apt to escape notice. It is of a uniform light
yellow colour, oval in shape, with the surface thrown
into small shallow depressions and elevations, which
become larger and deeper at one end, in the centre
of which there is a protuberance or very short
peduncle. One of these eggs is shown in figure 8,
greatly enlarged.

The larva is also very small when first hatched,
being less than i mm. in length. It is at first of a
light yellow colour, with the head shining black, and
* the shield on the dorsal part of the first thoracic

Fig. S. — Egg of Fringed-

wing Apple-Bud xVioth, segment of a seal brown colour ; the body is sparsely

Nothris? maligemmella — , . . . .

greatly enlarged ; a, entire clothed with short lightcolourcd hairs arising from
end of same stiif more en- slight elevations, somc of which have a darker

larged. (Original.) , , , , . - ,

coloured centre ; the three pairs of true legs are
brown, while the five pairs of pro-legs are of the same colour as the
body, and are borne by the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and last seg-
ments. As the larvae become a little larger, the above characters remain
the same except that the shield on the dorsal part of the first thoracic
segment soon becomes shining black like the head, and the general
colour of the body becomes more of a light greenish-yellow colour,
due largely to the transparency of the body allowing the intestine, which
is filled with green food, to show through somewhat. These characters

Fig. 9. — Larva of Fringed-Wing Apple-Bud Moth, Nothris?
maligemmella — greatly enlarged — X 12 Diam. fOriginal.)

*There are about 25 mm. to an inch.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Ill

are now retained until the larva is nearly full-grown, when the colour of
the true legs and of the head and shield become lighter and finally of
the same colour as the general body. The full-grown larva is about 8
mm. in length. Figure 9 represents a larva 6 mm. in length, greatly
enlarged, and will give one a good idea of the appearance of the larvte of
this moth throughout the greater portion of their existence. They are
very conspicuous with their light greenish-yellow bodies and glossy black
heads and shields.

The pupa, which stage is passed within a thin, white,
silken cocoon, is 5.5 mm. in length and 2 mm. in
width ; of a uniform brown colour, and with a row of
small, almost round depressions along each side of the
sutures between the last five abdominal segments, and
with indications of depressions in the form of markings
along the sides of the other abdominal sutures. Figure
lo represents a lateral view of one of these pup^e greatly
enlarged.

The adult is represented natural size in the photo-
graph in figure 1 1, While figure 12 represents a photograph Fig. 10— Pupa of

. . I c I Fringed -Winp Apple-

of this same moth enlarged. Smce this moth belongs to Bud Moth, Nothrisv

. . maligemmella — much

the group lineina of the small moths known as Micro- enlarged — x ^ Diam.
Lepidoptera, and since 1 had failed to find a description
of this species in the literature at our command, a specimen was forwarded
for determination to Dr. L. O. Howard, of the Entomological Division of

the United States Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
Dr. Howard reported that the
species could not be found in the
National Museum collection. There-
fore, since only two entomologists
in the United States have made a
specialty of this group of insects,
and since Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt,
Kirkwood, Mo., has perhaps done
more work in this group than the
other entomologist, I sent her two
adult moths and asked her to name this species, and if it proved to be
a new one to describe it. She kindly consented to do so, and as it

Fig. II. — Adult Fringed-Wing Apple- Hud Moth
Nothris? maligemmella ; natural size. (Original.)

112

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

proved to be a new species her description of the adult is as
follows :

"Alar expanse 1410 15 mm. General colour, satiny brownish-buff
with slight opalescence, and more or less leaden shading on thorax, wings
and body. Head buff, densely and somewhat shaggily scaled. Eyes
prominent, purple-black. Antenna? two-thirds as long as wings ; basal
joint conspicuously long and stout ; second joint also long with the inner
side peculiarly excavated. Palpi (labial) long recurved with short almost
concealed basal joint, long slightly thickened second joint and slender
tapering terminal. Thorax broad; patagia rather large, all anteriorly
bordered with leaden gray.
Fore wings varying in colour
from almost clear buff to buff
so interspersed with the
darker scales as to produce a
' smudged ' effect ; a small but
distinct black discal dot and
a group of five smaller, less
clearly defined ones at the
base of the terminal third,
constitute the ornamentation.
Hind wings rather broad^
somewhat paler and more
lustrous than the primaries.
Fringes concolorous with

■" . Fig. 12. — Adult Fnnged-Wing Apple-Bud Moth, NothrisV

wing surface, also varying maligemmella ; enlarged— X 3 Diam. (Original.)

in intensity of the dark shadings. Body, yellowish gray with bright
buff anal tuft. Legs agreeing in colour with under surface, tibia
especially of hinder pair, densely clothed with long but appressed
hairs.

" Described from two males, one perfect, the other somewhat
mutilated.

" The generic location of this insect is provisional, merely. In
pterogastic and palpal characters it agrees quite closely with some of the
Gelechiidae, but even from these the venation presents some differences,
while the structure of the antennas renders the erection of a new genus
probable, when a more liberal supply of specimens admits of closer
microscopic study of the separate organs."

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE
GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA.

BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Paleacrita longiciliata, n. sp.

Expands 26 mm. Palpi dark fuscous ; front very broad, dark
fuscous, slightly tufted ; antennse fuscous gray, subpectinate, the fascicles
of hairs fine, silky, very long, some six to ten times diameter of stem ;
thorax dark fuscous gray ; abdomen dark fuscous. Fore wings, costa
strongly arched, apex quite pointed, inner angle rounded, whole wing
narrow and lanceolate ; colour light fuscous, generally washed over with
dark fuscous, with numerous black atoms, especially on the veins,
making them linearly blackish ; also apically and in small indistinct
shadings across the wing light gray, also light gray shading at ends of
veins at margin ; marginal points intervenular, blackish ; fringe long ;
fuscous gray, and light gray ; hind wings even fuscous, veins darker ;
fringe long, dark fuscous. Beneath even fuscous on all wings about
colour of hind wings above, veins darker, the fore wings with a sprinkling
of dark fuscous atoms.

Palo Alto, Cal.; from Dr. Barnes.
P. speciosa, n. sp.

Expands 32 mm. Palpi black, front thorax and abdomen dark
fuscous, the thorax with some black scales intermixed, the abdomen a
shade lighter fuscous. Fore wings whitish-gray, with five somewhat
diffuse cross lines made up of black scales not very solid, the first, sub-
basal, bent outward at cell ; the second, just within middle, bent at
costal vein, and darkest costally, thence straight across wing ; the third,
just beyond the black discal spot, not very distinct, except at costa,
where it is distinct and black, forming the inner edge of a large suboval
white spot which reaches to apex ; the fourth line, broad, diffuse, sub-
dentate, reaching to the apical spot ; outer line diffuse, indistinctly
dentate, following the apical spot on outer margin nearly to apex,
becoming there distinct, heavy, black ; between fourth and fifth, and
also fifth and margin, the whitish-gray shows in a dentate or subdentate
band ; margin black, the black broader between veins, fringe fuscous.
Hind wings light fuscous, veins more or less darker. Beneath light,
smooth, fuscous, the lines of fore wing faintly shadowed, especially at costa
and apex ; submarginal space brokenly darker, marginal line blackish.

Glenwood Springs, Colo., May 3 ; from Dr. Barnes.

114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

EUDULE HYALINA, 11. sp.

This insect is of the size and shape of E. jinicolor, Robs., from
Texas, but, instead of being of its colour, is of the h'ght straw colour of
E. mendica. Wlk. It is apparently more hyaline than its congeners, and
is very frail in its appearance. The wings are evenly unicolorous.

Senator, Ariz ; from Dr. Kunze. Taken September 9th, 1896.
Tephroclystis borealis, n. sp.

Expands 16 mm. Palpi fuscous, slightly ochreous ; front thorax
and abdomen smooth silky fuscous, with a bluish lint. Fore wings
fuscous, with cross lines fine, faint, the basal rounded, wavy, geminate,
the middle wavy ; the outer heaviest towards and at costa, starting
straight out at costa to vein 8 just beyond cell, following it towards base
the distance of the angle from costa, then turning at an angle, almost
a right angle, through discal spot straight, or nearly so, to inner margin.
Hind wings fuscous, even, with wavy lines very faintly showing. Beneath
fuscous, darker at costa on fore wings, and with hind wings darkened
and lightened into 6 or 7 rounded parallel shadings.

Winnipeg, Manitoba ; from Mr. Hanham.

Tephroclystis latipennis, n. sp.

Expands 16-18 mm. Palpi long, porrect, heavily scaled, black
and fuscous mixed ; front somewhat tufted, fuscous or blackish gray ;
thorax fuscous gray ; abdomen fuscous-gray to gray, segments some-
times tinged with brownish. Fore wings broad, gray to fuscous-gray,
overlaid more or less with blackish, forming an extra basal, and marginal
broad darker bands ; cross lines light, geminate, wavy ; one basal, the
second within the prominent black discal spots, the outer extradiscal,
the outer considerably bent below cell and often lined with black within;
a faint submarginal zigzag line, a marginal row of black dashes separated
at end of veins. Hind wings broa,d, rounded, of same colour as fore
wings, the basal and middle lines slightly indicated, the outer geminate,
quite distinct, bent considerably at middle, wavy, margin darker; a mar-
ginal black line ; discal points black, distinct. Beneath as above, the
fore wings with markings more faint, the hind wings very nearly as above.

Quebec, Canada ; from Mr. Hanham.
Tephroclystis subcolorata, n. sp.

Expands 20-23 mm. Palpi and head clear blackish ; thorax black-
ish-gray ; abdomen blackish-fuscous. Fore wings gray^ overlaid with
blackish ; the wings narrow extended, the lines quite distinct ; basal line

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1 1 5

geminate, bent, wavy ; median lines three, bent at discal spot, the middle
one running through this, then bent outward at lower side of cell, curv-
ing thence around to inner margin ; outer line quite broad, of the ground
colour, with a fine central black line, and edged on both sides with
blackish, bent around from costa to vein 6, then parallel with outer
margin ; discal spots large, oval, jet black. Hind wings with much less
black, with two outer rounded blackish lines, and black discal spots ;
beneath gray, fore wings with a distinct, rounded, black, outer, rather
broad line, black discal spot, blackish apex and outer margin, a blackish
dot along costa near discal spot, and a blackish submarginal line ; hind
wings with outer line distinct, black, a submarginal fine line, black
margin, and black discal spot. The markings below vary in distinctness,
but are generally sharp and clear.

Arizona, without other location ; also from San Francisco moun-
tains. From Dr. Kunze. The latter taken July 20th, 1897.
Tephroclvstis niveifascia, n. sp.

Expands 18 mm. Palpi rather long, somewhat heavy, blackish ;
front tufted, blackish ; summit fuscous, or whitish fuscous ; thorax fuscous
gray; abdomen fuscous, with whitish markings dorsally on each segment;
fore wings white, with black or blackish-fuscous running into wavy cross
lines, mostly indeterminate and more emphasized on veins, these lighter,
finer and more distinct just beyond discal spot forming a light shading
in a broad white or whitish band, bent out beyond cell, and somewhat
angulate below costa ; outer field blackish, with fine, wavy, indistinct,
whitish line. Hind wings whitish, with fuscous or black shadings, deeper
and suggesting wavy lines outwardly and along inner margin ; discal
spots on fore wings prominent, jet black, on hind wings black but less
prominent ; beneath lighter, smoother, the general colours above repro-
duced with less fuscous shading among the black ; discal spots black,
distinct.

Santa Fe, N. Mex.; from Mr. Cockerell. Oregon. The latter type
in National Museum collection; this being more fuscous in its shadings.
Museum type No. 3920.
Tephroclvstis acutipennis, n. sp.

Expands 26 mm. Palpi short, fuscous ; front light fuscous gray ;
collar black ; thorax fuscous, with a reddish shade ; abdomen light
fuscous, gray dorsally, with fine black cross line at base, and a white
cross line on second segment ; fore wings long, acute, fuscous, with

116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

darker fuscous shadings running into lines, more distinct on outer half
and running subparallel with outer margin, slightly wavy, merging
together towards apex and reaching outer margin below apex, the inner
one separating, and going to costa with a sharp angle at veins 7 and 8 ;
discal vein lighter, preceded from base half way out with a line of black
spots ; a line of black spots on subdiscal, on outer cell ; and beyond cell
below vein 9, these latter becoming merged into a black line ; a darker
shading at middle of inner margin, and near dorsal angle ; the whole
wing with a faint brownish shading ; discal spots black. Hind wings
whitish, fuscous stained, marked with blackish on inner margin ; marginal
line black ; discal spots black ; beneath lighter fuscous, smooth, quite
even ; on fore wings a blackish outer line, angulate below costa, very
indistinct, and a corresponding median line on hind wings ; discal spots
evident, black.

Los Angeles Co., Calif. Type in National Museum collection,
No. 3954.

Tephroclystis perfusca, n. sp.

Expands 23-26 mm. Palpi moderate, porrect, end deflexed, fuscous,
black on end ; front fuscous, summit lighter ; thorax fuscous ; abdomen
blackish-fuscous ; all wings broad, rounded, of an even fuscous colour,
squamose in appearance, faintly shaded into indeterminate wavy lines,
with scattered blackish atoms, more prominent on costal space ; discal
spots faint ; marginal lines blackish ; beneath smoother fuscous, with
blackish shade at apex of fore wings, and two rows of faint blackish
points on hind wings ; discal spots faint, marginal lines darker, broken
on fore wings.

Easton, Washington ; from Dr. Riley. Utah ; taken in June. The
latter type in National Museum collection. No. 3919.

EUCVMATOGE GILLETTEI, n. sp.

Expands 30 mm. Palpi moderate, stout, black ; front tufted, black;
thorax gray ; abdomen fuscous gray. Fore wings slate gray with a
fuscous tinge, thickly peppered with black scales : basal line black, fine,
not distinct, bent at middle ; outer line subparallel with outer margin,
scalloped, the points on the veins pointing inward ; all veins brokenly
lined with black ; a black marginal line ; discal spot black, not very
distinct ; hind wings gray ; darker outwardly, four or five parallel black-
ish lines showing along inner margin half way across the wing ; margin

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 117

somewhat wavy, with a fine black line ; discal spot small, black. Be-
neath light fuscous ; outer line showing faintly on fore wings, and a faint
rather broad line at middle of hind wings.

Colorado ; from Dr. Gillette.
Mesoleuca abacta, n. sp.

Expands 34-36 mm. Palpi not heavy, moderately long, erect, almost
recurved, blackish ; front thorax and abdomen fuscous, more or less
stained with ochre ; abdomen tufted at end ; fore wings broad, light gray,
more or less striated crosswise with blackish ; basal line fine, distinct,
some angled at middle, sharply black ; one-third out another black line,
turned outward from costa, sharply angled on cell, thence running broadly
and heavily nearly straight to inner margin ; this is followed by a finer,
almost parallel line, which is somewhat broken on posterior half, a faint,
much broken black line just beyond discal spot, and beyond that a quite
heavy black line angled outward between 3 and 4, broken posteriorly • a
clear black rounded spot costally at apex ; marginal line black ; discal
spots prominent, black, well out on wing. Hind wings fuscous, lighter
basally, becoming darker and with faint shadowy darker lines towards
outer margin and parallel with it; beneath fuscous, much the colour of hind
wings above, the fore wings becoming darker along costa and towards apex.

Arizona; one of the types is in National Museum, No. 3924.

Hydriomena pernotata, n. sp.

Expands 34 mm. Palpi rather short, sordid fuscous ; front of same
colour ; thorax fuscous gray, with black edging to patagife ; thorax dark
fuscous, black dorsally, lighter fuscous posteriorly on segments ; fore
wings rather long, grayish fuscous, broken up with irregular black spots;
these on the basal half very irregular, so that the lines of which they are
the evidences are entirely indeterminate; a whitish fuscous band beyond
discal spot, edged outwardly with a geminate broken, dentate, wavy, and
angled black line running in general direction, parallel with outer margin ;
a submarginal incomplete row of black dashes, the space having a bluish
stain. Hind wings light fuscous with an ochre reddish stain outwardly,
marginal line black, finely broken on all wings ; beneath rather deep
broken fuscous, becoming a large blackish spot towards apex ; hind wings
as above, but much darker ; the fore wings are also considerably ochre
stained.

Fort Wrangel, Alaska.

118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hydriomena occidens, n. sp.

Expands 30 mm. Palpi short, fuscous ; front gray ; thorax light
gray, intermixed with black, becoming white at middle above, and with
black edge behind ; abdomen gray, mixed with black, segments white
lined posteriorly ; fore wings white with shadings of fuscous generally
evenly distributed, emphasized somewhat on veins, forming wavy, very
indefinite lines, and giving a general mottled appearance. The veins are
marked with fine clear black, broken into dashes of even or nearly even
lengths, these showing very sharply on posterior and outer portions ;
marginal line black broken ; costa more broken in colour than rest of
wing ; a rounded broken black line close to base ; hind wings white with
fuscous tinge ; discal spots fine, black ; margin black, broken ; beneath
light fuscous, broken into shadings. On fore wings an outer broken band
of blackish spots, and one or two spots indicating another on hind
wings.

Oregon. Type in National Museum, No. 3922. Another specimen
in my own collection.

Hydriomena grandiosa, n. sp.

Expands 36 mm. Palpi moderate, blackish fuscous; front fuscous;
thorax fuscous gray, marked with reddish on anterior part and on posterior
tufting ; abdomen light gray in front, more blackish posteriorly, segments
whitish lined, with more or less of reddish dorsally ; fore wings strongly
pointed at apex, with posterior angle stronger than usual, marked with
dentate wavy even bands, subparallel to each other and outer margin ; the
middle rather broader, inclosing discal spot, whitish, those on either side
of it darker than the rest of wing; three more basally, the middle one
somewhat darker than the two others ; the whole wing with more or lesa
of reddish, more especially evident on outer dark band and outer space ;
a submarginal row of black points on veins ; marginal line black, broken
somewhat, wavy ; fringe interlined ; hind wings whitish, fuscous stained
two faint median lines, outer shadings and black wavy marginal line ;
beneath even fuscous, two lines showing on all wings beyond black discal
points, on hind wing the outer emphasized vvith black points on veins.

Fort Yuma, Ariz., April 4th. Belonging near H. neo-mexicana,
Hulst. Type in National Museum at Washington, D. C, No. 3927.
Another specimen taken at light in April is smaller, somewhat darker,
and without reddish on fore wings.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119

ErSEPHILA INDISTINCTA, 11. Sp.

Expands 35-40 nun. Some time since, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc, Vol.
XXIII., p. 291, I described Ersephi/a grandipenriis. I am convinced I
have two species under that name, and now separate them, calling one of
the forms E. indistiiicta. The two species approach each other very
closely, but E. indistmcta is smaller as a rule, and has the darker colour
of the wings forming into two bands, one basal and the other beyond the
cell, both quite even in width. E. grandipetmis is much more diffuse, the
bands not shown, the cross lines more angulated, and the lines themselves
more distinctly outlined. E. indistincta has the antennae of the ^ more
distinctly bipectinate than E. grandipennis, and the wings are generally
somewhat tinged with browish.

The specimens of E. indistincta are from Colorado and Washington ;
those of E. grandipetmis from Colorado only.
Xanthorhoe glacialis, n. sp.

Expands 34-36 mm. Very much resembling X. nemorella, Hulst,
and quite possibly a variation of that northern species. The ground
colour of the fore wings is, however, ochreous stained with fuscous, the
cross band is broader, especially at inner margin, and the outer edge, with
a large angle strongly projected outward at space between veins 4 and 5,
and there is a submarginal row of fuscous spots somewhat triangular in
shape, and intervenular in position. There is a faintly showing broad
central band on hind wings. Below dull ochreous, with the lines border-
ing bands showing distinctly on all wings.

Alaska. The Museum type number is 3925.
Xanthorhoe i.gngula, n. sp.

Expands 34-36 mm. Close to X. glacialis, Hulst. Fore wings
pointed, even light ochre, or buff ochre with the colour deepening into a
faint broad central band with faint ochre shadings and fine lighter cross
lines, the band reaching out more prominently between 3 and 4, and
between 4 and 5 ; the apex and margin somewhat fuscous stained, and a
blackish marginal line. Hind wings fuscous ochre, or becoming bright
ochre outwardly. Beneath almost even, light fuscous ochre varying to
more or less ochre.

*' Berring Island." My specimens are females, but the relationship
seems to be so close to X. glacialis, Hulst, that I have little doubt as to
generic oneness. I would not be at all surprised if they were ascertained
finally to be variations of one species. The Museum type number 3026,

120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

MoNOTAXis, n. gen.

Palpi moderate, porrect, end member very small ; tongue strong ;
front scaled, quadrate, slightly protuberant; thorax and abdomen untufted;
fore tibiae unarmed ; hind tibi^ with two pairs of spurs, not swollen, with-
out hair pencil in $ ; antenna? unipectinate in ^ , pectinations long, end
simple, in $ unidentate ; fore wings even, rounded, without fovea in $
below, 2 accessory cells, 1 2 veins, 3 and 4 widely separate, 5 near middle
of cell, 6 at a point with 7 at end of cell ; hind wings 8 veins, without
fovea, vein 5 near middle of cell, 6 and 7 stemmed, 8 joined with cell
nearly its whole length.

So far as I know the first American Geometer with unipectinate
antennae, though these are found in the Australian regions. But there the
form with 8 joining the cell in hind wings is extremely rare. I do not
consider it in anywise but as one of the Hydriomenidce, though it may be
placed in a subfamily by itself.

MONOTAXIS SEMIPECTINATA, n. Sp.

Expands 35-40 mm. Palpi and front dull black ; thorax dark mouse
colour ; abdomen lighter ; fore wings of a quite even dark fuscous, with
a mouse colour tinge, this deepening into a rather broad median band,
faintly indicating parallel wavy lines ; beyond this, first a white and then
four dark lines are indicated by fine dots of these colours on veins ; an
outer faint whitish line, mostly evident between veins, wavy ; marginal
line broken, blackish ; discal spots faint ; hind wings even mouse colour
fuscous, deepening outwardly. In the ? all the colours are the same,
but lighter fuscous, and without the mouse colour shading, but the single
specimen has an appearance as if faded. Beneath even mouse colour
fuscous, blackish on basal half along costa on fore wings, with some ochre
tinging near apex ; $ lighter. The whole insect has much the markings
of Philereme californiata, Pack., and much the colour of that species
with the mouse colour shading added.

Fort Grant, Ariz., July 23. In National Museum, No. 3928. The
female in my own collection from Arizona without definite locality, but
probably from either Prescott or Phoenix.
Mycterophora slossoni^, n. sp.

Expands 24 mm. Palpi black and fuscous mixed, nearly black
towards end ; front black tufted ; thorax fuscous ochre, mixed with black
in front, blackish behind ; abdomen blackish, interlined with fuscous ;
fore wings fuscous gray to fuscous, with a slight ochre tinge more or less

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121

heavily overlaid with black ; the ground colour shows in a broad costal
band, reaching nearly to apex, and extending posteriorly to cell ; the
extreme edge of costa being checkered with blackish ; the whole space of
the wing covered with blackish has the fuscous ground colour showing
more or less distinctly in numerous scalloped parallel lines, a basal, extra
discal, and outer being more especially distinct; a scalloped marginal line,
black ; hind wings corresponding in colours and lines with fore wings, the
discal line forming a row of dentate black lunules ; beneath in general
appearance as above, the lines less distinct or obsolete, the blackish
emphasized in a middle and outer rather broad band.

White Mountains, N. H.; from Mrs. Slosson. Winnipeg, Man.; from
Mr. Hanham. The insect has superficially the appearance of a small
Homoptei'a.
Synelys nigrocandida, n. sp.

Expands 25 mm. Palpi and front black ; summit pure white ; collar
narrowly blackish; antennpe white, somewhat blackish stained above,
especially towards end ; thorax pure white ; abdomen white, faintly
stained with blackish. Wings pure snow white ; fore wings with black
specks at cell and at inner margin, suggesting a basal line ; outer line well
out, fine, jet black, much waved and angled, obsolete at costa ; beyond
this on posterior half, jet black scales forming four incomplete black spots;
hind wings without basal line ; outer line corresponding to line on fore
wings with corresponding submarginal black scales and dots ; discal spots
distinct, jet black on all wings ; margin with jet black intervenular points ;
hind wings with black scales along inner margin. P>ont wings rounded ;
hind wings slightly wavy, scarcely angled. Beneath dull white ; a row of
black points on veins in place of outer lines, these more faint on hind
wings ; discal joints and margin as above, not so distinct on hind wings.

Ormond, Florida ; from Mrs. Slosson. A very pretty insect with
sharply contrasting black and white, much suggesting S. alabastaria,
Hubn., but slighter, with colours more vivid, and hind wings less angled.
I have seen the 9 only.

Royal Society of Canada. — The seventeenth general meeting of
this Society will be held at Ottawa, in the Normal School Building, on the
25th of May, beginning at 10 o'clock a. m. The Presidential address by
the Hon. F. G. Marchand, Prime Minister of Quebec, will be delivered
that evening. Mr. J. D. Evans, of Trenton, is the delegate from the
Entomological Society of Ontario.

122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON SOME ONTARIO ACRIDIID^.

BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO.

As SO little is known of the Orthoptera of Canada, the following notes
on the species of Acridiidse, which I have taken in Ontario, may prove of
some value. They are by no means intended to form a complete list of
the species found in Ontario, but only of those which have come under
my own observation.

The great majority of my specimens were taken from but two locali-
ties — Toronto, and the vicinity of DeGrassi Pt., Lake Simcoe, about fifty
miles farther north. Although so near each other, the entomological
fauna in these two localities differs somewhat ; many forms common on
the Niagara peninsula and southward being found as far north as Toronto,
but not extending to Lake Simcoe, while several northern forms have
their southern limits, at least in Ontario, about Lake Simcoe. But although
the collecting grounds in both these places are very rich and varied, there
are no doubt a number of Ontario species not represented in either. The
great Archaean region forming the northern and greater part of Ontario
has been but little explored from an entomologist's standpoint, and
possibly many interesting species occur there, while there are doubtless
southern forms not yet recorded from Canada whose range extends into
the Niagara peninsula.

My thanks are due to Mr. S. H. Scudder, Mr. A. P. Morse, and Mr.
W. S. Blatchley for the determination of doubtful species.

L — Tettigin^e.
I, Tettix ornatus. Say.

Acrydium ornainin, Say; Amer. Entom., 1824, L, pi. V.
Tettix or?iata, Say; Scudd., Mat. Mon. of N. A. Orth., 1862, 474,
" dorsalis, Harr.; Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1862, 186.
" qjiadritnaculata, Harr.; loc. cit., 186.
" bilineata, Harr.; loc. cit., 186.
" orfiaius, Say; Fernald, Orth. N. E., 188S, 46.
Form, triangularis, Scudd.

Tettix triangularis, Scudd.; Mat. Mon. N. A. Orth., 1862, 475.
This species is the commonest member of the subfamily occurring
about Toronto and Lake Simcoe. It frequents the damper parts of
pastures, wet ditches, etc., and is also found, especially the short-winged
form, triangularis, in quite dry, sandy or gravelly uplands. Though
generally found in the neighbourhood of woodlands, it does not seem to

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123

penetrate into their depths, where T. granulatus frequently occurs. The
short-winged form is generally found in drier places than the long-winged
form. In fact, I do not remember ever to have taken the former in boggy
places at DeGrassi Pt., although the long-winged form is quite common
in such spots. On the other hand, in a certain dry, sandy pasture at De-
Grassi Pt., triangularis is quite numerous, whereas the long-winged
variety is scarcely ever met with.

My Toronto specimens were taken between April 20th and June 17th,
and again in September ; while those captured at Lake Simcoe were
captured between August 15th and September 25th, and also a few on
May 2nd, 1896.

2. Tettix granulatus, Kirby.

Acrydium granulatum, Kirby; Faun. Bor. Am. Ins., 1837, 251.

Tettix gramilata, Kirby; Scudd., Mat. Mon., 1862, 474.

Tetrix or?iata, Harr.; Ins. Inj., 1862, 186,

Tettix^grafiulatus, Kirby; Fernald, Orth. N. E., 1S88, 46.
Though less common than the preceding species, this form is
frequently met with, and, as a rule, is found in more thickly wooded
places, often a considerable distance from any clearing. It is also com-
mon on the boggy margins of slow streams, and a favourite haunt at Lake
Simcoe is the swampier parts of the shore where a large amount of
decayed wood collects. It is not often found in damper portions of other-
wise dry pastures, where T. ornatus frequently abounds. It is common
both at Toronto and Lake Simcoe, and also in the Muskoka district, and
probably ranges a long distance northward and westward in Ontario, as I
have taken it at Winnipeg, Man. I have captured full-grown specimens
in every month from April til! September, but mostly in April , May and
August.

3. Paratettix cucullatus, Burm.

Tetrix cuaillata, Burm., 1838, Handbuch, II., 658.

Tettix cucullatus, Scudd.; Fernald, Orth. N. E., 47, 1888.

Paratettix cucullatus, Morse; Psyche, Vol. VII., 163, 1894.
This species is somewhat local, though sometimes very abundant
where it occurs. I have found it on the sandy margins of streams near
Toronto, and it is but seldom seen away from such situations. I have
never seen it at Lake Simcoe. My specimens, with one exception, were
taken in the months of May and June, most of them in the latter. The
exception referred to was a male taken on a wet clay bank, on February
1 8th, 1897, which was an unusually warm, springlike day for the season.

124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

4. Tettigidea parvipennis, Harr.

Tetrix parvipennis, Harr.; Ins. Inj., 1862, 187.
Tettigidea polyinorpha, Burm.; Scudd., Mat. Mon., 1862, 477.
" parvipennis, Harr.; Morse, Psyche, VH., 1896, 324.
Form, pe?inata, Morse.

Tetrix lateralis, Say; Harr., Ins. Inj., 1862, 187.
Tettigidea lateralis, Say; Scudd., Mat. Mon., 1862, 477.

" parvipennis pe?mata, Morse; Psyche^ VII., 1896, 325.

A common species in Ontario and has similar haunts to those of
Tettix granulatus. The edges of roads cut through swampy woodlands
are favourite resorts, but it is frequently found in other wet places. Like
Tettix granulatus, it is also often found in deep woods, when these are of
a more or less damp character.

The short-winged form is more often seen than the long-winged form,
but both are quite common. On April 12, 1895, I found a ? pennata-
hibernating in a beetle-boring in a log. The hole was completely con-
cealed by the bark.

My specimens were taken between the beginning of April and June
21, and again in August and September.

II. — Truxalin.*.

5. Chloealtis conspersa, Harris.

Locusta (Chloealtis) conspersa, Harr.; Ins. Inj., 1862, 184.

" " abortiva, Harr.; loc cit., 184.

Stenobothrus melanopleurus, Scudd.; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862,

Vol. VII., 456.
Chrysochraon conspersiim, Harr.; Thos., Syn. Acrid., 1873. 76.
Chloealtis conspersa, Harr.; Thos., Ninth Rep. State Ent., 111.,
1880, 99.
This species is rather common on the borders of woods in summer,
the males hopping about on the dead leaves, with which their colour
closely harmonizes, and the females squatting on logs and old fences
upon which they deposit their eggs. Mr. C. T. Hills gave me a short
stick of dead, though sound, sumac, upon the end of which he found a
female in the act of boring. The hole was 16 mm. deep, but no eggs had
been deposited.

It first appears in the imago state late in June, or early in July, and
continues through the summer till September. In the earlier part of the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125

season the males seem to be more abundant than the females, but during
the latter part of the season the reverse is the case.

I have two females of the full-winged form, prima, Morse (Psyche,
VII.. 1896, 420). In one specimen the tegmina project beyond the tip
of the hind femora by about one-fourth their length, and the wings are
quite ample ; in the other they just reach the tip. Both were taken at
Lake Simcoe.

I have specimens from Nepigon, Lake Superior, Aug. 27, 1897 ;
Kingsville, Aug. 24, 1897 (C. T. Hills); Clear Lake, Peterborough Co.,
July 7, 1S97 ; Toronto, and DeGrassi Pt., Lake Simcoe.

6. Orphula aequalis, Scudd.

Stenobothrus aequalis, Scudd.; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, Vol.
VII., 459.

Stenobothriis bilineatus, Scudd.; loc. cit., 460.

Orphula aequalis, Morse; Psyche, VII., 1896, 409.
This is a very local species with us, though plentiful enough where
it occurs. I have taken it in dry, sandy pastures at Toronto, and De-
Grassi Pt., Lake Simcoe. The males are for the most part of the brown
form, the females of the green ; but the proportion seems to vary accord-
ing to the locality. For instance, at DeGrassr Pt. about one-third of
the males seen have more or less green in their coloration, while only
very few brown females are found; whereas at Toronto the proportion of
brown individuals in both sexes is much greater.

It appears in the perfect state from the latter part of July until the
beginning of October.

7. Mecostethus lineatus, Scudd.*

This large, handsome insect is quite plentiful in Ontario in low, wet,
sedgy meadows bordering lakes and slow streams, but is very shy and
difficult to approach, and does not generally remain where it alights, but
moves quickly through the reeds and sedges to another spot some
distance away.

It is quite common about Lake Simcoe, less so at Toronto. I found
it in great abundance on the borders of a small lake near Aurora, Ont.

It appears in the perfect state from about the middle of July until
late in September.

*For Synonymy see page 55.

126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

8. Mecostethus gracilis, Scudd.

Arcyptera gracilis, Scudd.; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, VII., 463.

Stetheophynia gracilis, Thos.; Syn. Acrid., 1873, 99-

Tliis species is found in precisely the same habitats as the preceding

in Ontario, but in the West, at Winnipeg, Man., I have also taken it in

prairies which were quite dry. It is not a very common species here,

though by no means rare.

All my specimens were taken in August, though it is probably found
throughout the season in which M. lineatus occurs. 1 have seen it at
DeGrassi Pt. and at Aurora.

9. Stenobothrus curtipennis, Harris.

Locusta ( Chloealtis) curtipennis, Harr.; Ins. Inj., 1862, 184.
Stefiobot/irns longipejinis, Scudd.; Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862,

Vol. VII., 457.
StenobotJirtis curtipefinis, Harr.; Thos., Syn. Acrid., 1873, 91.
A very common grasshopper in low, wet meadows, clearings in
swampy woods, etc. Probably found throughout the whole of or at
least by far the greater part of Ontario. Both the long- and short-winged
forms are common.

It comes to maturity about the first of July, or in some seasons a
little later, and is found until about the beginning of October.

NOTES ON THE NOCTUID GENUS HYDROECIA.

BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y.

Descriptions of several Hydrcecia larvae have appeared in this
magazine at various times, but as they were instances when the insects
were infesting cultivated plants, the following notes are submitted to show
their life history when found in more natural environments, and to assist
the student in obtaining sufficient material in some of the species for
comparative work. From the paucity of examples in collections and
from the close relationship existing between most of the species, it is
necessary to resort to breeding, or at least to have such a knowledge of
their early habits as to secure extended series, before a very correct
idea may be had of the representatives of this genus.

Since Mr. Grote worked over the group S^Hydroecia, Guen. ; Gortyna,
Ochs.], describing as new many of the species, very little practical work
has been done. He described from scanty material, and although his
writings seem sufficiently lucid, the construction given some of his

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127

species to-day points to a very mixed condition of opinions. Hence, an
opportunity offers where a little light may be shed, and at the same time
most interesting work afforded the student.

It is not necessary to go into all the details of the breeding cage in
order to get a quantity of specimens in perfect condition. A knowledge
of food plant and a few exact date? save much of this bother. Hydrcecia
larvae bore in the stems and roots of annual and perennial plants and
having once located in a plant attain their full growth and pupate in their
burrows. True, they are at all times concealed, but a little experience
soon enables one to locate them, and if the pupal change has occurred, a
section of the plant enclosing the pupa may be removed, and can be
placed in some convenient box to await the emergence of the imago.
The waiting time will not overtax one either, being for the species here
mentioned, a period of from fourteen to thirty days.

There seems a decided indifference to food plant expressed by the
common species ; almost any thick-stemmed plant coming in their way
is accepted. Possibly it is as much a case of necessity as of choice, for
it seems probable that oviposition must be somewhat broadcast, at least
when the annuals are infested. The female moth appearing in September
certainly could not apprehend the site of an annual of the following
summer, and it follows that the larvse must in a measure look out for
themselves. The characteristic points of the species here enumerated
are compiled from my notes covering half a dozen years' observation. Of
the other species taken in this locality my observations are less complete.

Hydra'cia tiite/a, Gn. — This is the most familiarly known species, by
reason of its wide distribution, and its larval history has been well worked
out by the economic entomologists. It flies willingly to light, and is by
far the commonest species that one may obtain from this source at Rye.
Its food plants are numerous. The most preferred seems to be ragweed.
The larva may be located by examining the plant stalk for one or more
small holes through which the excrements fall to the ground, and by the
presence of the latter around the base of the plant, llie larvae work
upward twenty inches or more according to the size of the plant, and as
occasion requires make several small holes in the stalk. If full growth is
attained, a larger opening, one-quarter of an inch in diameter, will be
made for the moth to escape. This is their last act before changing.
Occasionally two larvae are found in a plant. It seem very prone to
parasitic attack. For convenience of comparison I give a description of

128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

larva. Mature larva: Length, r.6 inches; very cylindrical. Colour
livid, mars brown ; darkest on first four and last three segments. Head
shining, brown ; mandibles black, as are the true legs. On side of head
is a black line which has a continuation on the thoracic shield. The
latter a lighter shade of brown than the head and merges into black where
it meets the line mentioned. A dirty white stripe extends along dorsum.
A similar stripe on subdorsum, but is lacking on first four abdominal
segments. On either side of this line on each segment are two minute
black dots, and two more near each spiracle that are also black. Anal
shield shining ; dark brown. Begins to pupate August i6 ; to emerge,
September 1 2. There seems a variation in the larva of the form 7iebris,
but I am not prepared to speak with certainty concerning it at present.

Pupa is cylindrical, longer than usual compared with its diameter,
varies greatly in size according to sex; the average is about .75 inch in
length. Cremasier not prominent, composed of two divergent spines.
Wing-cases slightly creased, moderately prominent. Colour light brown.
Pupa is always found below opening for moth's emergence, frequently
down at the bottom of burrow.

Hydrcecia cataphracta., Grt. — In the search for larvpe here at Rye
this species is everywhere found in numbers. At light the imago would
be classed a rarity. Preferred food plants are burdock and thistle. Two
or three specimens are often found in the former plant, as the branches,
as well as the main stalk, offer sufficient substance for their work. When
working in thistle but one will be found. The presence of larva in
burdock can be detected quite easily by the unhealthy appearance of the
plant and by the evidence at the base of stalk. When in thistle the larva
keeps well up to near the top, for the plant becomes hollow from the
ground up to the main branches, but is solid above. Infested plants
may be detected from afar by the top part of the plant having died and
fallen down to one side, the walls of the plant being so thin that the
larva's work has caused a collapse of the portion above it. Pupa will be
found near this break ; of course, always below.

When a hole is made for the moth to escape, the inner substance is
eaten away to the cuticle. When this skin that is left dries it shrinks and
pulls away on one side, but still hangs as a screen against intruders.

Besides ichneumon enemies, there are other casualties that affect the
mortality of this species to a considerable extent. When feeding in bur-
dock the plant frequently dies prematurely, and becoming dried, shrinks

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129

and pinches the chrysalis so as to kill it. In thistle the pupa is more
exposed from having the stalk broken off above, and suffers from the
attack of those species of ants that are always ascending plants in search
of aphides.

One will frequently fnid in thistle, under conditions similar to those
produced by catap/iracta, a weevil, whose workings will require no little
experience to distinguish from the caterpillar's by a first glance at the
plant.

Mature larva: Length, 1.5 to 1.7 inches. Bodily anatomy and
marking almost identical with nitela, but is much lighter in colour and
more mottled. Is very active when disturbed in its burrow, and can go
backward as rapidly as forward.

Begins to pupate Aug. 19; to emerge, Sept. 17. Pupa similar to
nitela., but as a rule somewhat larger.
Hydrxcia purpurifascia., G. & R.

Mr. Slingerland's article in Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXIX.,
161, relative to finding this species boring in cultivated Columbine, sug-
gested to me that the wild variety might be a more natural food plant.
An investigation showed my theory to be correct. But it is the root in
this instance that is attacked, the plant stalk not offering a sufficient
substance. The roots are surprisingly large and tuberous where the plant
grows in favourable locations. The larvae consume the inner part of the
root completely, leaving only the outer skin tissue, which resembles the
wrapper of a small cigar when they get through with it. These empty
root skins are the only evidence one has to work upon in locating the
pupa, as the plant shows no outward sign, and to find this evidence it is
necessary to dig. That is all there is to it — one must dig. It is useless to
mind soiled hands and frequent disappointments ; if proof against poison
ivy, it is a large factor in one's favour. Having once located a larva,
the surrounding leaf mould must be examined carefully, as they seldom
pupate in their burrows, and if the search has been thorough you may
find a pupa or you may not. The latter often in the majority. It
frequently happens there have been visitors before. Ground moles are
early callers after the caterpillar has transformed, and fragments of the
pupa shell where they have tunnelled under a plant tell how the spoils
always fall to the lot of the earliest bird. Fortunately for the collector.
Columbine grows in all sorts of seams and clefts of rocks, and it is here,
where the plants are inaccessible to the mole, that one may search with

130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

profit. In one locality examined it was estimated the moles had eaten
seventy-five per cent, of the pup?e, but to appreciate their skill fully one
should see a place where they have been at work. It would almost seem
unnecessary for any ichneumon enemies to infest this species to keep it
in check, but there are a good percentage notwithstanding. Fifteen pupae
out of probably three hundred plants examined last summer, produced
five hymenopterous parasites, so that at this rate one-third the number
passing all other casualties are still doomed. No wonder that piirpiiri-
fascia is rarely seen !

The description of the imago (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, L, 341) is
admirably drawn. Had Mr. Grote been familiar with its early history, he
might have hesitated before applying a new name, or at least would
have made a change in the synonymy relative to Gortyna leiicostigma,
Harris. As his opinions changed he cited leucostigma under cataphracta^
rutila and Harrisii. Harris describes the entire life history of leucostigma
(Ins. Inj. to Veg., 440), and in the sense of a superficial description it
tallies with purpurifascia in description of larva and moth, date of
emergence, and food plant, so as to leave scarcely a questionable doubt
but that the two are identical. Leucostigma has priority, but will have to
fall from being a preoccupied name in the European fauna. All this
may seem of little importance with us, as it can make no change in the
lists, but to the student it is essential to know just what the early writers
had before them when describing.

This is shown in that so able an authority as Mr. Grote must have
repeatedly puzzled over the matter in making so many changes of
synonymy.

Mature larva : Length, 1.3 to 1.5 inches ; very cylindrical, flesh-
colour, no stripes or mottlings. Head and shield concolorous, testaceous;
shining. Shield edged on side with black. There are a number of shiny
black dots, placed as in the preceding species, but are a trifle more
conspicuous by reason of the lighter ground colour. Anal shield promi-
nent, black. Spiracles black, as is an accompanying row of dots.
Pupates from Aug. 15 to 21 ; emerges, Sept. 10 to 24.

Pupa : Length, .8 inch ; active, shiny, light brown. Becomes
darker at hatching time, and the white spots on primaries, typical of
Hydrxcia, may be plainly seen through the pupa shell. Moderate spur
at anal extremity. Under a glass this spur is seen to be made up of two
separate i)rojections. Tapers posteriorly rather more than in preceding
species.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131

Hydra'cia necopina, Grt.

The early history of this species seems never to have been worked
up, and the mature insect is rarely seen in collections, it has never been
taken at light or sugar during thirty years that lepidopterists have
collected here. In passing it may be remarked that there has been no
instance in my experience where a Hydroecia (from inqucesita to the end
of the list) has been taken at sugar. The insignificant tongue would
indicate a limited food supply being taken, and should offer an argument
that they are not hibernators. Some years ago the insect was met in its
early stages. Fifty or more pupae have been gathered each succeeding
year, but it still remains for me to see the moth in flight.

The food plant is wild sunflower ( Helianthus ), which grows

in abundance at Rye. This plant thrives where the uplands and salt
marshes meet, growing up many successive years from the same root, so
that a locality once infested may be counted on to furnish examples for
many seasons still to come. As this species of sunflower, which is quite
close to the artichoke, grows six or seven feet high, there is ample
opportunity for extended mining. The insect, however, only operates at
the base of the stalk, and its work causes a gall-like excrescence to form
that is about twice the diameter of the plant. This does not affect the
growth, however, and one must examine for the galls, which is an easy
matter in searching for this species. If the time for pupation has arrived
an opening for the moth's exit will have been made. This is the
caterpillar's last act preparatory to changing, and the presence or absence
of this exit aperture, if after the time pupal change should occur, indicates
whether you are dealing with a healthy or an ichneumonized example. If
the larva has become a prey to some of its parasitic enemies its life will
have ended before it reached full growth and no exit opening will be
made. Necopina is a better artisan than cataphrada in hanging a
protective lid at the exit door. This opening has to be of good propor-
tions, and the larva eats away the substance of the stalk to the epidermis,
making slight perforations through the latter around the edge. The
epidermis on drying shrinks and hangs hinged at the top where no
perforations were made. As a matter of fact, you will seldom find this lid
intact, especially if it is much after the pupal change ; the reason for
this being the host of visitors that seek shelter within these burrows.
Those ubiquitous myriapods which pass muster under the common name
"sow bug" are the most numerous, To these may be added leeches,

132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ants and snails. It is not unusual to find upon opening a gall that the
pupa is wriggling about in a mass of myriapods to the number of thirty or
more, but as they do not attack the chrysalis their presence does not seem
to be especially detrimental. As purpurifascia has a destructive enemy
in the mole, so necopma has a chief foe in the field mouse. The mice
dexterously tear out the side of the gall, eat the pupa, and hurry on to
another, going over a large territory in a single night. It is only a pupa
diet that suits them. The galls are never disturbed until after the pupal
change. They are experts too at their trade. I have examined scores of
demolished galls, but not once was a gall broken open that did not have
the exit aperture made for the moth ; in other words, never a gall that
was parasitized.

Mr, Grote's description of necopiiia (Can. Ent., VIII., 25) is rather
limited by reason that there is so little of pattern to dwell upon, and his
material was not plentiful. All that may be added is that the transverse
posterior line on primaries may be traced on fresh specimen. It is most
plainly seen at the internal margin, and can be seen in some examples
extending to the costa. There is a slight sexual difference in colour, the
male shading more slightly olivaceous than the female. There seems to
be very little difference in size between the sexes, the usual disparity so
generally shown in Hydroecia has not been noticed in my experience with
this species. Necopina reminds one slightly of some of the genera which
follow, Bellura._ for instance, but there is no indication of a clypeal pro-
jection. The thoracic tuft behind collar is very prominent, and when at
rest is projected forward at times, reminding one of Cncullia. On
emergence from the pupa it is, of course, of the most importance that an
exit be made at once before the wings have expanded, and for some time
afterwards the moth exhibits the greatest restlessness, crawling in nervous
haste from one point to another, always toward the light if in darkened
quarters.

Mature larva : Length, 1.7 inches, smooth and of the greasy appear-
ance common to boring larvge. Body thicker perceptibly in the middle,
and is a more robust larva than the preceding. Colour, dirty white.
Head and shields testaceous, dark at the sides. Spiracles black ; true
legs dark brown, pro-legs concolorous with body. On each segment are
a number of testaceous dots, larger and more conspicuous on the fourth,
fifth, and last segments. Under a glass a few minute hairs may be seen.
Along the dorsum beneath the skin may plainly be seen the internal

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133

fluids pulsating through their canal, giving the appearance of a faint stripe
extending the length of the body. Begins to pupate Aug. 24; to emerge,
Sept. 22.

Pupa is I.I inches long, very active, and is able to move the anal
segments to a greater angle with axis of the body than the preceding
species. Slightly larger in tlie middle, tapering quite sharply to extremity,
where the cremaster is made up of a two-pointed spur. Antenme, eyes,
and legs show out prominently ; wing-cases faintly corrugated. There is
a distinct prominence on front of thorax indicative of the large tuft ; this
is a strong specific character. Directly below, between the antennje, is a
much smaller projection, consisting of two separate points, that shows an
approach to the striking clypeal armature of the Nonagria puptie.
Colour is brown, wing-cases a shade darker, becoming almost black at
time for emergence. It is well to let a moth remain a day after hatching
before mounting on the setting-board. Necopina, in common with the
imagoes of most boring species, is prone to become greasy ; in fact, this
species is " up head" in this respect, oftentimes being an unsightly object
before dry enough to be placed in the cabinet.

Larvje begin to pupate Aug. 23 ; the first emergence out of forty
pupse was Sept. 23.

To sum up the factors for success with these species, we may sift
from the foregoing notes the following :

Locate the larvae or an infested locality, and by a reference to the
dates given, a diligent search at the proper time will meet with its reward.
It may be hard to get ahead of ichneumon and other insect enemies, but
we can be the first vertebrate on the scene, which will mean a great deal
in the aggregate of the specimens obtained.

A representation of this genus in any near degree to completeness
will be an addition to any collection of Noctuidae most pleasing to the
owner, and doubly so if that addition is the fruit of individual labour
in the field.

THE COTTONWOOD SNOW-SCALE OF NEBRASKA.
Chionaspis ortholobis Bruner!, subsp. nov.
Chionaspis ortholobis., Ckll.j Canad. Entom., 1894, pp. 1 89- 190.

The Chionaspis frpm Nebraska, sent to me by Prof Bruner, was
named in MS. in 1894 C. Briineri, but for reasons stated at the place
cited the name was suppressed. Mr. R. A. Cooley, who is doing such
good work in Chionaspis, now confirms my original opinion as to the dis-
tinctness of Bruneri, except that it is still an open question whether it is
a good species or only a subspecies. For the present the insect may
stand as above named. T. D. A. Cockerell.

134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MYRMELIONID.-E.— II.

BY ROLLA P. CURRIE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Bracliynemuriis niger, new species.

Female. — Length, 29 mm.; expanse of wings, 56 mm.; greatest width
of anterior wing, 7 ram.; length of antenna, 4 mm. Black, marked on
head and thorax with luteous ; sparsely hairy, more distinctly so on
prothorax and abdomen.

Face scarcely convex, luteous, a transverse, shining black band
above which extends upward so as to cover the inter-antennal area ; this
band is notched below, a black line extending from the notch almost to
the clypeus ; on either side, between face, clypeus and inner orbit of the
eye, a triangular black dot. Circumocular area mostly luteous, except
along vertex, where it is piceous. Clypeus luteous, on each side
anteriorly an impressed dot. Labrum transverse, rounded laterally,
emarginate in front, luteous, darker on emargination where it is sparsely
clothed with black hairs. Mandibles piceous, black at tips.

]\Iaxillary palpi of moderate length, piceous, with luteous articula-
tions ; first two joints short, about as broad as long, subequal, pale ;
third joint a little longer than first and second together, somewhat curved;
fourth joint a little shorter than third ; apical joint as long as third,
subcylindrical (a little enlarged before apex), black, its tip truncate,
luteous.

Labial palpi much longer than maxillary, piceous, with pale luteous
articulations ; first joint short, about as broad as long ; second joint
nearly three times as long as first, curved in basal half; apical half
darker, widened and flattened, concave on inner side ; apical joint
greatly enlarged, fusiform, clothed with black hairs, shining black on
inflated portion, the sharply-pointed tip luteous ; an ocellus-shaped
organ* on apical third of inflated portion externally.

Maxillary palpigers t piceous, the anterior joint interrupted in the
middle with luteous. Labium luteous, piceous at base. Labial palpigers
luteous, each with a black semicircle. Menlum luteous, with a transverse
black line or series of dots, behind which rises a long black bristle.
Gula luteous.

Antennae clavate, somewhat shorter than head and thorax, black,

*This organ is present in all American Myrmelionida' I have seen.
+1 apply this term to the angular, elevated pieces from which the maxillary palpi
spring.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135

paler at articulations, clothed with very short dark hairs or bristles ; two
basal joints piceous, margined apically with luteous ; basal joint set in a
luteous ring.

\'ertex elevated behind, rounded, luteous ; ppst-antennal area
fuscous, thinly clothed with white and black hairs ; elevated portion
marked by two transverse black bands, the anterior of which is narrow
and shining, forming a ridge on each side, posterior band spread out each
side to form two large, somewhat triangular spots, and connected with the
anterior band by the black longitudinal median furrow ; behind this
furrow is a median oval black spot, longitudinally divided by a faint
luteous line.

Pronotum as broad as long at base, narrowed anteriorly, truncate in
front, sparsely clothed with white and black hairs, especially on margins ;
black, a narrow longitudinal median line, which is enlarged at the
transverse furrow, and one each side, luteous. Lateral carinte luteous.
Beneath luteous, margined on each side with black.

Mesonotum black, lobes not strongly elevated ; anterior lobe with a
spot each side near front margin and a longitudinal median line, luteous ;
this line is interrupted before the posterior lobe, but continued upon the
latter ; another longitudinal luteous line each side (probably a con-
tinuation of the spots on anterior lobe) extending to the posterior margin,
which is also luteous ; a few spots of similar colour on each lateral lobe ;
posterior lobe shining black, except where marked by luteous as mentioned
above. Below black, marked with luteous, especially on sides ; sparsely
clothed with white hairs.

Metathorax black, with luteous markings similar to those of meso-
thorax, but no median line on posterior lobe and fewer spots on lateral
lobes ; posterior lobe not shining.

Abdomen shorter than wings, rather slender, clothed with white
hairs, more thickly at base. Black ; segments (except one or two basal
ones) marked on dorsum each side, in middle and at apices, with a
luteous spot ; these spots are more pronounced on the apical segments.

Tip clothed with long black hairs ; below a transverse double row
of coarse black spines and two short, cylindrical, brown appendages
clothed with long black hairs ; a short brownish plate between the latter
at their base.

Legs of moderate length, yellow, thickly sprinkled with black ; beset
with many black and white spines. Posterior femora almost entirely

136 THE CANADIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST.

black. Tibiae black at their apices, posterior ones also with a transverse
black line of confluent spots externally ; spurs slightly curved, a little
longer than first tarsal joint, rufo-piceous. Tarsal joints black at apices,
the third and fourth entirely so ; claws moderately curved, a little more
than half the length of last tarsal joint, rufo-piceous.

Wings hyaline ; posterior margins slightly sinuate near apices.
Pterostigma luteous, black on inner half; before it, several intercostals
of anterior wings and a few of posterior, forked. Veins clothed with dark
hairs ; the costa mostly luteous, the other veins fuscous ; the subcosta of
both wings and median vein of anterior interrupted, between transversals,
with luteous ; some other veins, including transversals, also interrupted
with luteous.

Anterior wings with a few apical transversals behind median vein
clouded with fuscous, especially the one nearest the pterostigma ; along
basal portion of submedian vein a series of small fuscous spots forming
an irregular, somewhat serrate line ; an oblique fuscous streak, about
5 mm. to 7 mm. in length, runs from tip of submedian vein to near apex ;
half way between lower end of this latter streak and outer end of basal
streak of submedian vein, an irregular fuscous spot ; another fuscous spot
or short streak runs obliquely upward from where the post-costal vein
joins the hind margin ; small forks near tip and hind margin fumose ;
posterior wings a little shorter than anterior, almost immaculate, except
for a fuscous clouding on the extreme apical transversal below median
vein, before pterostigma. Posterior borders of both wings fringed with
dark hairs.

TyJ>e. — ^No. 3812,11. S National Museum. One specimen collected
at Fort Grant, Arizona, July 20, 1897, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard.

This species is readily distinguishable from others of similar size,
colour and wing-markings by the . leugth and size of the labial palpi.
These latter, though not as greatly lengthened as in B. longipalpis, are
considerably m'ore so than in any other species of this genus that I
have examined.

Brachyiitmuriis ijuadripunctattis, new species.

Female. ~'L&x\g\\\, 24 mm.; expanse of wings, 49 mm.; greatest
width of anterior wing, 6.6 mm. ; length of antenna, 5.5 mm. Luteous,
marked with dark fuscous ; clothed with white and some black hairs,
more distinctly so on abdomen.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137

Face scarcely convex, luteous ; above, a pitchy-black band separating
the antenna} ; this band sends a median acute prolongation from the
anterior border toward the clypeus ; furrow, between face and inner orbit
of the eye, fuscous. Circumocular area luteous, except along the
depressed portion of the vertex. Clypeus subhexagonal, luteous, on
each side anteriorly an impressed dot. Labrum transverse, rounded
laterally and narrowed anteriorly, emarginate in front, luteous, a few hairs
on emargination. Mandibles piceous.

Maxillary palpi luteous ; first two joints short, about as broad as
long, sube([ual in length, the first somewhat stouter than the second ;
third joint somewhat longer than the first and second together, a very
little curved, enlarged at apex ; fourth joint straight, a little shorter than
third ; apical joint a little longer than third, rufo-piceous (except at artic-
ulation, where it is luteous) ; truncate and notched at tip.

Labial palpi somewhat longer than maxillary, luteous ; first joint
short, not quite twice as long as broad, enlarged apically ; second joint
about three times as long as first, somewhat curved, strongly widened and
thickened apically, sparsely clothed with dark hairs ; on inner side at apex
a perceptible concavity ; apical joint about same length as second,
swollen, fusiform, luteous, clothed with dark hairs ; on the outer side,
surrounding the ocellus-like spot, rufo-piceous ; apex narrowed, tmged
with rufous ; tip truncate, slightly notched.

Maxillary palpigers luteous, clouded with darker. Maxilla? luteous,
tinged with rufous. Labium, labial palpigers, mentum and gula, luteous ;
each side, next anterior portion of maxillary palpigers, a brownish area
with some dark hairs.

Antenna' clavate, shorter than head and thorax ; luteous, darker
apically ; clothed with very short dark bristles or hairs ; first and second
antennal joints luteous, shining, a piceous sjjot or two at their bases.
Between the antenuie posteriorly, a narrow, transverse luteous band.

Vertex elevated behind, rounded, luteous ; in front, just behind
antenn;«, a transverse, pitchy-black band ; in front, on elevated portion, a
transverse, shining-yellow ridge; behind this, four black dots in a
transverse row.

Pronotum as broad as long at base, somewhat narrowed anteriorly,
luteous ; anterior angles rounded, front margin truncate ; a longitudinal
dark tuscous stripe each side near middle line ; on the outer side of each
of these stripes another irregular dark fuscous stripe extending forward to

138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the transverse furrow ; in front of each of these latter stripes, near
anterior margin, a fuscous spot. Lateral carinse luteous. Below luteous,
on either side, next carina, a dark fuscous streak, extending nearly as far
forward as the dorsal transverse farrow,

Mesonotum luteous, with anterior, posterior and lateral lobes very
strongly elevated ; anterior lobe with a broad, dark fuscous stripe each
side near middle line ; anteriorly each of these stripes extends outward,
then backward along the furrow, separating anterior and lateral lobes,
thus forming an inverted U-shaped marking ; each lateral lobe has an
elongate spot near middorsal line, and on the outer side of this an
inverted " U," the ends of which nearly meet ; posterior lobe with a
longitudinal dark fuscous stripe each side and a rather faint median one
(sometimes wanting), the posterior margin with a dark dot medially ;
posterior angles each marked by two longitudinal, dark fuscous stripes ; a
few fuscous dots at place of attachment of anterior wings. Sides and
beneath luteous. marked with fuscous.

Metanotum luteous ; the lobes distinctly elevated, but less so than
those of mesonotum ; anterior lobe with a U-shaped, dark fuscous
marking; lateral lobes marked similarly to those of mesonotum ; posterior
lobe with an inverted, heart-shaped, dark fuscous spot; posterior angles
fuscous, margined with luteous. Sides and beneath luteous, marked
with fuscous.

Abdomen shorter than wings, luteous, a longitudinal median dark
fuscous stripe above, narrowed or interrupted at articulations ; a similar
stripe bounds the dorsum each side ; beneath luteous, a fuscous line each
side and a good-sized fuscous spot in the middle of all but the basal
segments.

Tip of abdomen luteous, above with long dark hairs ; superior part
split, a transverse row of black spines at base ; inferior part beset with
black spines ; below, two small cylindrical or slightly clavate luteous
appendages, twice as long as broad and armed with dark spines or
bristles, project from apex of last segment.

Legs of moderate length, luteous ; armed with some long, and
numerous short, black and pale spines ; somewhat hairy. Tibial spurs as
long or slightly longer than first tarsal joint, somewhat curved, rufo-
piceous. Tarsal joints sometimes rufo-piceous at their apices, third and
fourth especially so ; claws somewhat more than half the length of last
tarsal joint, moder.itely curved, rufo-piceous.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139

Wings hyaline. Pterostigma luteous, on inner side and below
margined with fuscous ; before it, a few intercostals in anterior wings and
a less number in posterior, forked. Veins hairy ; costal veins luteous ;
the other principal longitudinal veins luteous, interrupted with fuscous at
junctures of transversals ; smaller longitudinal veins luteous, interrupted
irregularly with fuscous ; transverse veins of costal series and some of the
others luteous, the rest fuscous.

Anterior wings with a series of small fuscous spots on basal portion
of submedian vein above, at junctures with transversals ; three larger
fuscous spots at intervals along the apical two-thirds of this vein ; bases
of a few small apical forks sometimes slightly fumose ; posterior wings a
little shorter than anterior, unspotted. Posterior borders of both wings
fringed with fine hairs.

Male. — Length, 36 mm. ; expanse of wings, 49 mm. ; greatest width
of anterior wing, 6.5 mm. ; length of antenna, 6 mm.

Antenni>3 less clavate than in female. Abdomen one-fifth longer
than anterior wings ; the markings on the apical segments heavy and
more or less confluent ; appendages short, half as broad as long, one-half
length of seventh segment (viewed from below), subcylindrical, obtuse on
tip, luteous, sometimes clouded with, or almost entirely, fuscous ; clothed
with coarse black spines ; between the appendages below, a- very short,
triangular, luteous plate.

Type — No. 3813, U. S. National Museum. One female specimen
collected in San Bernardino County, California, by Mr. D. VV. Coquillett.

No. 3813a, U. S. National Museum. One male, taken at Phtenix,
Arizona, June i, 1897 ; from the collection of Mr. Chas. C. Adams.

Co-types. — One hundred and one females and seventy-two males
taken at Phoenix, Arizona, in June, July and August, 1897, kindly loaned
me for study by Mr. Chas. C. Adams, of Urbana, Illinois.

This unusually large and fine series of specimens exhibits some
variations. In two of the females, and about the same number of males,
the face and vertex are suffused with fusco-ferruginous, so that the fuscous
markings are less apparent ; in a few specimens the band on upper part
of face and its prolongation toward the clypeus are subobsolete ; in one
male the face and clypeus have scattered fuscous spots in place of the
usual markings. Small extra spots sometimes occur in the transverse
row on the vertex, and two short longitudinal lines or spots are some-

140 THE CANADIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST.

times present behind the two middle dots of the row ; the dots are
occasionally connected by a narrow transverse fuscous line.

In a few specimens the third and fourth joints of the mixillary palpi
are tinged with rufo-piceous, the second joint of the labial palpi is piceous
apically, and the third entirely so.

The outer fuscous stripes of pronotum are in some specimens con-
tinuous to anterior margin, in others they end at the transverse furrow
and are 7wt indicated by spots in front of this furrow.

The inverted U-shaped markings on lateral lobes of mesonotum
sometimes have their ends joined so as to form circles.

The tarsal joints are not always rufo-piceous at their apices.

CATOCALA ILLECTA, Walk.

In March last, Mr. E. N. Laing, of Essex, Ont., one of our young
collectors, whilst on a visit to London availed himself of Ihe opportunity
to obtain the names of his captures. Whilst I was looking over his
collection, a Catocala, with something quite unusual in its appearance to
me, arrested my attention ; and on comparing it with those in the
Society's possession I found it was not there represented. Upon turning
up Mr. Strecker's " Lep. Rhop. Et. Het." I found it therein vividly
portrayed on Plate XL, fig. 9, and named by him Catocala magdalena.
Not finding that name m Smith's list of 1891. I had to turn up the
Synonymy, and found that it was known as C. lilecta of Walker.

It is a particularly attractive moth. Mr. Grote, in Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc, Vol. IV., p. 13, says of it: "A broad-winged, moderately stout species,
recalling C c07tcumbens in appearance and colour of primaries." This
resemblance to concumbens is very striking, and has attracted the atten-
tion of nearly all of the describers. Walker gives the colour of the
secondaries as "bright luteous, abdomen luteous " ; Hulst., "bright,
yellow " ; and Grote as " bright golden-yellow," which last seems to me
to express it exactly. The yellow upper surface of the abdomen, corre-
sponding to the colour of the hind wings, instead of the gray of the front
ones, is very noticeable. Walker gives the habitat as " United States."
Mr. Strecker's figure was drawn from an example taken at Indianapolis
in 1874, but he afterwards received specimens from Texas. Dr. Hulst,
writing in 1885, gives 111. Neb. to Texas as its habitat; and Dr. Smith, as
late as 1893, gives the same. So this discovery of C. Illeda is of some
importance as considerably extending its range. Mr. Laing took his
specimen of it in the season of 1896, at electric light.

J. Alston Moffat.

Mailed May 6th, 189S.

^t Caitdriiatt mitt0mul(j0bt.

Vol. XXX. LONDON, JUNE, 1898. No. 6.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES,
OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(Paper No. i.)

For many years past, those most interesting of Hymenopterous in-
sects — tlie Horntails and the Sawflies — have received the closest study
by some of the ablest Hymenopterists of the world. Cresson and Norton,
in America ; Newman, Westwood, Kirby, and Cameron, in England ;
Klug, Hartig, and Konow, in Germany; Lepeletier and Andre, in France;
and Thompson, in Sweden, have all contributed much to our knowledge
of these insects, and made decided improvements in their classification.

Mr. Peter Cameron, in his excellent Monograph of the British
Phytophagous Hymenoptera, Vol. I., published in 1882, has given a
thorough review of the progress made in the systematic arrangement
of these insects ; besides, on the completion of the work, some years
later, gives a full bibliography on the subject; so that it is unnecessary
here to repeat or enter particularly into this part of the subject, since this
work is so easily accessible to the student.

I shall here, therefore, very briefly refer to Cameron's work on the
group, and that of a later writer, Mr. F. W. Konow.

Mr. Cameron, in his work, made some decided improvements in the
classification of these insects, and gave excellent tables for the separation
of families and genera.

He recognized only four families : I. Teiithredijiidce., II. Cephidce,
III. Siricidce, and IV. Oryssidce, and some of these he again subdivides
into subfamilies, tribes and subtribes.

The latest systematist to work in the group, a most prolific writer,
and a profound and energetic student of these wasps, is Mr. F. W.
Konow, of Teschendorf, who in the Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift,
for 1890, proposed almost an entire new arrangement, besides giving a
very unique and original method for showing the relationship of the
different groups or tribes recognized by him.

142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In this paper, he considered tlie vast number of species, now known
in the world, to belong to a single large family which he called the
Tenthredinitce, and then separates it into three subfamilies as follows :
i. Lydetse, ii. Siricetai, and iii. Tenthredinetas. The LydetcC he divides
into four tribes: (i) Lydini, (2) Cep/iini, (3) P'micoliiii, and (4) Blasti-
cotomiiii ; the Siriceta? into three tribes : (5) Xiphydriini, (6) Siricini,
and (7) Oryssini ; while the Tenthredinetse he divides into four tribes :
(8) Cimbicini, (g) Argini, (10) Lophyrini, and (ri) Tenthredmiiii.

Many of these he again subdivides into subtribes, which agree in
the main with some of the subfamilies of other authors.

Since this publication appeared, he has, in several very valuable con-
tributions, still further elaborated his system, and in many clear and ad-
mirable tables has greatly enlarged our knowledge of genera and species.

The present status of Konow's systematic work in the group is
probably well expressed in Dr. Von Dalla Torre's "Catalogue of the
Tenthredinidse," representing Vol. I. of his Catalogus Hy7neiiopterortim,
published in 1894, and which, in the main, appears to be arranged in
accordance with the views published by Konow, up to date of publication.

In this Catalogue, iS subfamilies are recognized, arranged in the
following sequence: (i) Dolerince, Thomson, 187 1; (2) Tenthredinidce,
Newman, 1834; (3) Se/afidriido'., Thomson, 187 1; (4) Bleiinacainpince,
Konow, 1S90; (5) Hop lo camp ince, Konow, 1890; (6) Nematince^ Thom-
son, 187 1; (7) Lophyriiice, Thomson, 187 1; (8) PtcrygopJioriiice, Cam-
eron, 1878; (9) Loboccri7ice, Kirby, 1882; {10) Hy/ofomiriiie, Newman,
1834; (11) Cimbicincv, Leach, 1817; (12) Oryssifue, Newman, 1834; (13)
Siricvue, Newman, 1834; (14) Xiphydriince, Thomson, 1871 ; (15)
Blasticotoviince, Thomson, 1871; (t6) Xyelifice, Newman, 1834; (17)
Cephiiice, Westwood, 1840; and (18) Paniphiliince, Dalla Torre, 1894.

I have gone somewhat particularly into the present arrangement of
these insects, and probably further than was really necessary as an intro-
duction to the present series of papers on their classification : ist. Because
my own views are so at variance with other systematists ; 2nd, Because I
have recognized no less than 15 distinct families; and, 3rd, Because I
have separated, quite widely, groups and genera that were previously
placed together or in juxtaposition.

This separation will become more apparent in the articles that are to
follow the present introductory paper, which will include synoptic tables
for the recognition of the genera of the world.

I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143

Another thing, and a very important one, which has greatly influenced
me, in making so many families, is, that not only do the imagoes them-
selves seem to possess good morphological characters that justify this
separation, but that these are, in many instances, seemingly correlated
by excellent morphological characters possessed by the larvee, which
would seem to indicate many natural groups.

My present views, respecting the arrangement of the series and
families recognized, are incorporated in the following tables :
II. Sub-order Phytophaga. — Abdomen broadly sessile; larvse with legs.

Anterior tibise with one apical spur Series I. — Xylophaga.

Anterior tibiae with two apical spurs Series II. — Phyllophaga.

Series I. — Xylophaga.

This series represents four distinct families, which may be separated
by the following characters :

Metathorax fissured in the middle at apex 2 .

Metathorax not fissured.

Vertex tuberculate ; antennae inserted below the clypeus and eyes ;
front wings with two submarginal cells ; abdomen cylindrical or

depressed ; ovipositor not exserted Family L, Oryssidae,

2. Middle lobe of mesonotum attaining the scutellum and separated from
it by a transverse line ; abdomen cylindrical or depressed.
Prothorax large, subquadrate ; costal ceil of front wings not
divided by a transverse nervure ; tip of abdomen ending in a

triangular or lanceolate process Family II., Siricidse.

Prothorax conical ; costal cell of front wings divided by a trans-
verse nervure ; abdomen at tip normal... Family III., Xiphydriidte.
Middle lobe of mesonotuQi not attaining the scutellum; abdomen more
or less compressed Family IV., Cephidte.

Series II. — Phyllophaga.
This series I have separated into eleven distinct families, distin-
guished as follows :

Prothorax emarginate behind ; middle lobe of mesonotum much
longer than broad, not separated from the scutellum by a deep
fovea ; costal vein usually strongly thickened or clavate towards

apex ; costal cell without an intercostal vein 2.

Prothorax subtruncate behind ; middle lobe of mesonotum not much
longer than broad, and separated from the scutellum by a deep

144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

fovea ; costal nerviire towards apex neither thickened nor clavate,
the cubitus originating from the basal nervure ; costal cell with an
intercostal vein ; scape of antennae long or rather long.

Head transverse, the temples not very broad ; third joint of
antennae very long, three or four times longer than the long
scape ; ovipositor more or less exserted. . . Family V., Xyelidse..
Head quadrate, the temples very broad, third joint of antennae
rarely much longer than the scape ; abdomen much depressed,
the ovipositor hidden Family VI., Lydidge.

2. Basal nervure in front wings usually uniting with the subcostal vein far

from the origin of the cubitus ; basal plates of first abdominal
segment usually closely united, rarely showing a slight median
emargination at apex ; if deeply emarginate, the sides of the

abdomen acutely margined, while the antennae are clavate 7.

Basal nervure in front wings usually uniting with the base of the
cubitus or with the subcostal very near its base ; basal plates of
first abdominal segment most frequently not united, medially slit or
with a wedge-shaped or broadly triangular emargination, sides of
abdomen rounded, never acutely margined.

Front wings with two marginal cells 6.

Front wings with one marginal cell 3.

3. Front wings without a lanceolate cell 5.

Front wings with a lanceolate cell.

Antennas 9- to 25-jointed 4.

Antennae 3-jointed.

Hind wings with an anal cell ; tibiae usually with lateral spurs ;
antennae in $ with the third joint very long, subclavate or
filiform, densely hairy, in ^ most frequently
forked Family VII., Hylotomidae.

4. Hind wings with an anal cell; ? antennae usually serrate or sub-

serrate, S antennae ramose or biramose. .Family VIII., Lophyridae.
Hind wings without an anal cell ; $ antennae most frequently sub-
clavate or filiform, (J antenuie usually ramose or
filiform Family IX., Perreyiidae.

5. Hind wings without an anal cell; antennae 6- to 25-jointed, in ?

clavate or subclavate, more rarely filiform, in ^ ramose, or simple,
filiform, multiarticulate Family X., Pterygophoridae.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145

6. Body rather short, oviform, the abdomen not long ; scape small,

scarcely longer than thick, not or only a little larger than the
pedicel (except in the Blasticotominre, which has, however, only
4-jointed antennae); antennae 4- to 15-jointedj head, seen from
above, not quadrate, the occiput more deeply concave, the temples
not so broad, more rounded behind, while there is no distinct
furrow or depression between the antennae and eyes, or so slight as
to be scarcely noticeable Family XI., Selandriidse.

Body elongate, the abdomen usually long, narrow and subcylindrical ;
scape rather large, usually thrice as long as thick or about four
times larger than the pedicel ; antennae 9-jointed ; head, seen from
above, quadrate, the temples very broad and with a furrow, channel
or depression on each side of the antennae, between them and
the eyes, which extends upwards and posteriorly on the

vertex Family XIV., Tenthredinidse (pars)

( = Subfamily Strongylogasterinae).

7. Front wings with two marginal cells 8.

Front wings with one marginal cell ; second submarginal cell
receiving two recurrent nervures j lanceolate cell contracted near
the middle and closed at base, or petiolate ; antennae
9-jointed Family XII., Nematidte.

8. Abdomen acutely margined at sides ; antennse clavate,5- to 8-jointed . . 9.

Abdomen not margined at sides ; antennae not clavate, 8- to 9-jointed;
front wings with three or four marginal cells.

Front wings with four submarginal cells, the second usually
receiving both recurrent nervures, or the second recurrent is
interstitial with the second transverse cubitus, very rarely
joining the base of the third submarginal cell ; abdomen
short, oviform Family XI II., Dineurid^.

Front wings with four submarginal cells, the second and third
each receiving a recurrent nervure ; if with three submarginal
cells, either the first or the second transverse cubitus is wanting ;
abdomen elongate, subcylindrical. , Family XIV.,Tenthredinidae.

9. Dorsal plates of first abdominal segment usually deeply emarginate

medially, leaving a membrane exposed.. . .Family XV., Cimbicidae.

146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW BEES FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. U. AGR. EXP. STA.

Podalirijis phenax, n. sp. — ^. Length about 9 mm.; appearance
of P. maculifro7is (Cress.), with the same white pubescence (mixed with
black on hind part of mesothorax and front part of scutellum), the same
clear wings (but the second submarginal cell is less narrowed above), and
the same legs, except that the tarsi are wholly dark. The black antennae
are considerably longer, when the head is thrown back they reach to
postscutellum ; scape with a broad white stripe \ first joint of flagellum a
little shorter than third. Eyes a beautiful dark lavender or gray-blue,
instead of green. Clypeus (except the narrow black anterior edge) a
transverse supraclypeal band, lateral face-marks (triangular, with the
upper side deeply excavated), labrum (except the usual pair of spots),
and a large patch on mandibles, pure white, shining, like porcelain.
Abdominal bands more or less interrupted in the middle ; fifth segment
without a band ; apex with two spines.

Hab.— College Farm, Mesilla Park, N. M., April 13, 1898, at flowers
of plum. Allied to P. albatus and P. maculifrons.

Andrena subaustralis, n. sp. — $. Length about 10 mm.; black,
the abdomen with a hardly noticeable greenish lustre. Pubescence
rather abundant, but not hiding the surface, dull white, on upper parts of
head and thorax pale dull ochreous. Head broad, facial quadrangle
broader than long ; face hairy ; clypeus strongly and closely punctured,
with no median smooth line ; frons strongly striated ; antennje black,
brown at tips ; mandibles rufescent at ends, with a strong inner tooth ;
process of labrum broad, truncate at end. Mesothorax minutely tessellate,
with rather shallow and sparse punctures ; enclosure of metathorax
triangular, poorly defined, minutely granular, feebly wrinkled at the base.
Legs dark, quite densely pubescent, the pubescence on tarsi more or less
tinged with fulvous. Tegulse black ; wings yellowish-hyaline, apical
margin broadly smoky, but not conspicuously darkened ; nervures and
stigma honey colour. Abdomen oval, convex, tessellate and very
minutely punctured ; first and second segments with some white hair at
sides ; third to fifth segments with very thin bands of long white hairs,
that on the third very broadly interrupted ; anal fimbria bright orange-
fulvous.

$ . — Similar, but smaller and narrower ; flagellum wholly dark ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147

pubescence of thoracic dorsum with quite a fulvous tint ; abdomen thinly
pubescent, but hardly banded, hair at apex yellowish or nearly white.

Hab. — Paraje, N. M., A\m\ nth, 1S98, at flowers of plum; 3 ^^ ,
I 9 • Differs from A. Belfnxgei by the pubescence being not so bright,
clypeus without impressed line, wings not very dark at apex, abdomen
not so punctate. Also rather resembles A. polemonii, Rob.

Andrena pruiiifloris, n. sp. — %. Slightly over 10 mm. long, black,
with grayish-white to white pubescence ; hind tibiie, and all the tarsi,
bright ferrugijious. Head broad, facial quadrangle broader than long ;
face hairy, but not so as to hide the surface ; clypeus minutely rugose
and strongly punctured, with a small shining space in the median line
not far from the anterior margin ; frons striate, with punctures between
the ridges ; vertex minutely tessellate, and punctured ; antennre dark,
flagellum only faintly brown towards the end, first flagellar joint fully as
long as the two following together ; process of labrum broad and low,
feebly emarginate ; mandibles wholly dark. Thorax with rather abundant
pubescence, not hiding the surface, grayish-white or very pale mouse
colour on mesothorax, otherwise white ; mesothorax microscopically
tessellate, with strong, rather close punctures ; metathorax dull, enclosure
triangular, ill-defined, with irregular feeble raised lines. Tegular piceous ;
wings smoky subhyaline, nervures and stigma dark brown, third sub-
marginal cell narrowed about one-half to marginal. Abdomen somewhat
depressed, shifting, very distinctly punctured ; hind margins of third and
fourth segments with entire dense snow-white bands, second segment
with a similar band broadly interrupted in middle, first with only patches
of white pubescence at the sides ; anal fimbria sooty.

Hab. — Paraje, N. j\I., April 11, at flowers of plum. Allied to
A. violce, Rob.

Hesperapis, n. g. — A small bee with the general aspect of a Phil-
eremine. Body rather densely clothed with very short mosslike pubes-
cence ; longer hairs intermixed ; abdomen with entire hair-bands.
Wings rather short ; stigma subobsolete ; marginal cell large, obtusely
pointed, the apex not diverging from the costa ; two submarginal cells,
the second about two-thirds the length of the first, narrowing rather more
than one-half to marginal ; both recurrent nervures joining the second
submarginal cell at about the end of the first and beginning of the last
fifths. Hind legs with large black bristles. Ocelli large, very prominent,

148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in a broad triangle. Tongue short, pointed^ daggerlike, its margin
entire. Labial palpi 4-jointed, first joint long, but not excessively so,
nearly as long as 3 and 4 together, these being about equal ; 2 somewhat
shorter than i. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, first three joints moderately
stout, the other three very slender ; 2 conspicuously longest, all the others
about equally long. No ventral scopa in 9 •

Hesperapis eleganttila, n. sp. — ?. Length, 6^ mm.; head and
thorax black, abdomen dark ferruginous. Head oblong, facial quad-
rangle considerably longer than broad ; face and cheeks with short snow-
white pubescence, vertex with ochreous pubescence ; clypeus with minute,
rather sparse punctures ; mandibles slender, reddish except at the extreme
base, armed with a small tooth on the inner side ; labrum clear ferrugi-
nous ; antennae short, especially the flagellum ; scape and the rather large
funicle black, flagellum brown ; eyes dark, with a perceptible sage-green
tint ; pubescence of mesothorax and scutellum short and mosslike, with
long hairs intermixed, ochraceous throughout, almost hiding the densely
punctured surface ; pubescence of postscutellum, metathorax and pleura
white; basal triangle of metathorax minutely roughened, free from pubes-
cence ; tegulse testaceous, pubescent ; wings not reaching as far as tip of
abdomen, hyaline, slightly milky or opalescent, stigma honey colour,
nervures brown, subcostal nervure black ; legs black, the knees and the
hind tibia3 behind, reddish ; pubescence of legs dull white ; middle tarsi
with a brown brush within ; small joints of anterior tarsi with long dark
lateral pencils of hair ; outer side of hind tibia, and of basal joint of hind
tarsus, with minute snow-white dense pubescence, and numerous long
black bristles ; abdomen somewhat depressed, of ordinary form, with five
entire broad white hair-bands on the apices of the segments ; the exposed
ferruginous surface between the bands very minutely and closely punc-
tured ; fifth segment and apex with black bristles ; pygidium shining,
impunctate, with a small groove near its end ; venter ferruginous, with no
conspicuous pubescence.

Hab.- — Mesilla Park, New Mexico, on campus of the Agricultural
College, April 22, 189S, at flowers of Dithyrcea wisiizenii probably,
possibly at Stnecio. Collected by Mr. C. M. Barber.

This remarkable little bee seems to be most nearly allied to
Amviobates ( Phileremu%), but it differs entirely in the mouth-parts, and
might probably form a new tribe. From its structure and appearance it is
probably parasitic m the nesls of some other bee.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149

THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA.

BY H. F. WICK HAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

XXIX. The dCoEMERiD-t and Cephaloid.e of Ontario and Quebec.
The family (lEdeineridee is ofsiaall extent, only live species, represent-
ing four genera, being recorded from the region under discussion. None
of our species are very small and two of them at least often reach a size
sufficient to render them readily noticeable. With the exception of
Nacerdes melanura, which frequents houses, wharves, lumber piles and
shipping, they are to be found on bushes and trees or else under boards
in wooded districts.

Technically they may be defined as beetles having the hind tarsi
four-jointed, the remainder five-jointed ; the anterior coxal cavities open
behind ; the head not strongly and suddenly constricted at base ; and
the middle coxee very prominent. The claws are either simple, dilated
at base or with a basal tooth.

In appearance the genera differ considerably ; however, those in our

fauna belong to the three types of habitus of which figures are given,

Nacerdes resembhng Asclera in general form. It is hoped, therefore,

that the collector may have no difficulty in identifying his Canadian

captures. The generic table following is constructed on the lines laid

down in the Classification and in Dr. Horn's recently published memoir :

A. Eyes deeply emarginate, embracing the base of the antennas, which

are nearly as long as the body. Appearance much like a slender

Elaphidion . . Caloptis.

AA. Eyes entire or nearly so.

b. Form robust, colour black with faint violet tinge. Tarsi with

several joints spongy-pubescent beneath Dityhis.

bb. Form slender, colour in part reddish or yellow.

c. Anterior tibiae with one spur. Colour above yellowish,
elytra tipped with black. Antenni« of male twelve-
jointed Nacerdes.

cc. Anterior tibiie with two spurs, antennae eleven-jointed
in both sexes. Colour blackish, prothorax wholly or
in part reddish Asclera.

Of course, it must be understood that the colour-characters given
above are intended to apply only to the Canadian species.

150

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Calopus, Fab.
C. august us, Lee, would probably be taken by most
beginners for a Longhorn on account of its slender form and
brownish colour, which cause it to resemble, in general, cer-
tain species of Elaphidion. The antennte are almost as long
as the entire body. Surface of body brownish, pubescence
scant, whitish. Head, including the eyes, about as broad as
the prothorax, which is broadest at about one-third from apex,

1\ the sides arcuate in front, nearly parallel posteriorly ; the
I thoracic disk is uneven with a broad ill-defined median im-
VIL/ pression, punctuation distinct. Elytra at base much broader
^ "'■"'' than the prothorax, nearly parallel, slightly broader behind,
each with three ill-defined costae. Length, .50-. 72 inch. Occurs also
in the western United States, particularly in mountainous regions. Such
specimens as I have met with were found under stones or boards. The
form of this insect is shown in fig. 13.

DiTYLus, Fisch.
D. cmruletis, Rand., is stout, black with a violaceous tint most
evident on the prothorax. Head punctured and rugose, prothorax finely
and rather closely irregularly punctured, broadest in front of middle,
sides oblique, hardly sinuate to base, which has a raised margin or collar.
Median line distinct but not well defined. Elytra finely
granulate or shagreened* with short, scarcely visible
pubescence ; each with four well-defined and nearly
equidistant costas. These cost^e are but slightly ele-
vated, their distinctness being due to the strife bounding
them on each side. Length, .48-.75 inch. (Fig. 14.)

Two other species are found in the Western or
Pacific provinces : D. gracilis, Lee, which has a longer
thorax (distinctly longer than wide), with less dense
punctuation and not noticeably clothed with pubes-
cence, and D. quadricollis, Lee, with a subquadrate
thorax which is densely punctured, pubescent and opaque. In size these
do not differ greatly from D. cceruleiis, and so far as I have observed
them their habits are the same.

Nacerdes, Schmidt.
N. melamira, Linn., is an introduced form abundant in the Atlantic

*Dr. Horn has erroneously described them as "densely punctate."

Fig. 14.

THB CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151

cities and occasionally swarming on shipboard. It is readily recognized
by the slender form, hardly broader behind, colour above yellowish, the
elytra with blackish tips. Beneath it is blackish, the legs in part yellow.
It reaches a length of about half an inch.

AscLRRA, Schmidt.
The two species of this genus are blackish insects of slender form,
though not so elongate as Calopus, the prothorax more or less red, the
elytra distinctly costate. They separate thus :

Prothorax red, with three foveae (one near middle of
base, the others anterior to this and placed one on each side
of the median line). Elytral costae sharply elevated. .20-26

inch riificoUis, Say.

Prothorax with a large central blackish spot, the disk
depressed more deeply on each side of the middle line.
Elytral costje distinct but less sharp than in the preceding

Fioris. species. .26-32 inch. (Fig. 15.) puncticollis, Say.

Allied to the CEdemerid^ is the small family Cephaloid;^ represented
in North America by the genus CepJialoon, which resembles in form a
Longhorn of the Lepturoid series. The characters separating the two
families are to be readily perceived in the form of head and claws. In
Cephaloon the head is constricted behind and the claws are pectinate,
besides bearing a long appendage. While only one species (C lepticrides,
Newm.) has been actually reported from the eastern provinces, we
copy Dr. Leconte's table of all the American species, since one (C.
tefiuicorne) has been taken on the Stickeen River in British Columbia,
and the other may yet be met with in Canadian territory, since it is
known from the White Mountains and Lake Superior. Dr. Leconte's
table, amplified by the addition of some other characters, runs thus :
A. Appendages of claws broad, rounded at tip.

b. Outer joints of antennas gradually broader, not elongated.
Colour extremely variable and inconstant, may be entirely
testaceous ; the usual colour is piceous, legs (in part), head
(with or without a frontal dark spot of varying size), and
prothorax (often with a discal spot and more or less of the

sides dark), testaceous. .36-48 inch lepturides, Newm.

bb. Four outer antennal joints slightly broader, the joints longer,
especially the intermediate ones. Colour variable, testaceous,

152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

head behind the antennae, sides of elytra, under surface and
sometimes also the legs (in part), and a median thoracic spot,

piceous. .44-. 48 inch tetiuicorne, Lee.

AA. Appendages of claws curved, acute, slender. Very elongate, testa-
ceous or piceous, antennte slender, filiform, scarcely thickened

externally, joints 9-1 1 longer, .44-. 50 inch tmgulare, Lee.

The few papers treating of the above families in systematic form are:
1854. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the CEdemeridae of the United States.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VII.
1866. Leconte, J. L. New species of Coleoptera. Smithsonian Misc.

Coll. [Table of Copidita, p. 164 • of Oxacis, p. 165.]
1874. Leconte, J. L., and Austin, E. P. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of
Mt. Washington, N. H., with descriptions of new species. Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI. [Table of Cephaloon on p. 276.]
1896. Horn, Geo. H. The Qidemeridiv of North America. Proc. Cal.
Acad. Sci., 2nd Ser., VI.

NOTES ON PHILANTHUS.

BY S. N. DUNNING, HARTFORD, CONN.

I have been so fortunate as to have, while making the following
notes, the collection of Philanthus belonging to the Academy of
Natural Sciences before me.

PhilantJius Sanborni, Cress. (Philanthus Trumani, Dun. Ent. News,
VIIL, 70, $, not ?.)

This species does not always have the W-shaped mark on face
described by Cresson.
Philaiithus pundattis, var. Cocker elli, Dun. Ent. News, VII., 69 (1896),

The characters given by Cockerell, Ent. News, IX,, 26 (1898),
separate this from typical pitnctattis,
Philanthus scelestus, Cr.

On Gerajiiion (probably Richardsoni). Evergreen, Colo., July 17.
Also Santa Fe', New Mex., in August. (Ckll., 4252.)
Philanthus sublitnis, Cr.

Vancouver Island, July 10-18, by Mr. C. Livingston.
Philanthus cleomce, n. sp.

%. — Length, lo-ii mm. Black, partly shining, with pale yellow
markings. Clypeus, mandibles (except tip), two spots on gen^e near base
of mandibles (sometimes connected with line behind eyes), sides of face

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15S

to emargination of eyes, large subquadrate extension between antennas,
line behind eyes, two spots on vertex (sometimes connected), collar (some-
times a line or mark at sides or below), two spots on fore part of
scutellum, spatuhu, postscutellum, two narrow lines and two large
patches on metathorax (sometimes connected), tegula?, tubercles, two
small and one large spot behind and below (sometimes running under-
neath the thorax and connecting), interrupted band on first segment,
usually emarginate, but sometimes interrupted band on second, emar-
ginate bands on 3-5, all but apex of sixth, and almost all of legs
(including coxce), yellow ; tarsi with a pale rufous tendency ; antennae
brownish ; a very few hairs on head and venter ; distance between eyes
about their greatest length ; first joint llagellum distinctly longer than
second; vertex and mesothorax with sparse fair-sized punctures, scutellum
and postscutellum hardly punctured, enclosure of metathorax finely
wrinkled, metathorax roughened rather than punctured, abdomen with
large close punctures, becoming smaller towards apex, sixth segment but
faintly punctured, venter sparsely so ; wings hyaline, slightly clouded in
outer half, nervures light rust coloured ; collar declivitous.

Six females, four belonging to the Academy of Natural Sciences, and
two in my own collection.

Hab. — Montana ; S. Bernardino Co., Cal.; Las Cruces, New Mex.;
(Ckll., 4786, on Bigelovia) and Denver, Colo. (D. 1105c and D. 1271a,
on Cleome serriilata.)
Philanthus heiiricns, Ckll. and Dun., n. sp.

9. — Length, 14 mm. Black with yellow and rufous markings.
Mandibles (except piceous tip), clypeus, sides of face to emargination of
eyes, a short emarginate extension between antennie, a narrow line
behind each eye, collar^ teguhe, small spot on tubercles, a larger spot
behind, postscutellum, scape (partly), interrupted band on first segment, a
narrowly interrupted band on second, emarginate bands on third and
fourth, all of fifth and the last (except rufous apex), venter (except fore
part more rufous), a spot on trochanters and last four coxje, rest of legs
(except rufous femora and rufous inclined tarsi), yellow. Yellow on face
paler ; a faint irregular rufous mark centrally on second segment ; third
joint antennas as long as fourth and fifth combined; eyes as distant as
their length ; a fairly thick and long ochraceous pubescence on head,
more sparse on thorax and still more so on venter ; vertex, mesothorax,
scutellum, postscutellum, disk of metathorax, abdomen and femora

154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

shining ; basal segment constricted as in piinctatus. Punctures on vertex
distinct, fair sized, scattered ; on mesothorax and scutellum rather finer,
scattered ; of about the same size on metathorax, but closely crowded
(fovea with fine transverse wrinkles not A shaped or coarse as in flavi-
frojis) ; on abdominal seg. 1-2, large and pit-like as in pzmctatus, still
large but sparse on seg. 3, on remaining seg. fine and so few as to be
hardly apparent. Wings hyaline, a little dusky at centre and more so at
apex ; nervures pale rust-coloured.

One female in collection ; T. D. A. Cockerell.

Hab.— New Mex. (N. F. Gila, July 16).

In marking \\Vt flavifrons, Cr., and in build like pjuictatus, Say.

Philanthus multimaculatus, Cameron (Philanthus annpe, Dunning.
Ent. News, 1897,- p. 68, ,^ , not $ ). Four males and three females
before me ; the former are about 8-10 mm. long, the latter 11,-12 mm.
Las Cruces, N. Mex., o\\ Salix, May 2, i ^ (Ckll.); Mesilla, N. M,,
June 24, on Aster spinosus, i ? (idem. Ckll.) ; Calif, (taken by Prof.
Griffith, Los Angeles), 2 $ ; Colo. (Baker, No. 1591), i ? ; Denver, Colo.,
July 20, 2 (J , on Cleome serrulata (D. 1105a, D. 1271b).
Philanthus serrulatcB, n. sp.

$ . — Length, 9 mm. Black with yellow markings. A few ochraceous
hairs on head and venter ; distance between eyes on vertex equal to
length of joints, 3-5 of antennpe ; 3d. jt. antennse longer than 4-5 com-
bined ; cavities at extremities of scutellum and postscutellum, like
multimaculatus, Cam., and others ; wings fulvo-hyaline, not clouded,
nervures and stigma pale rust-coloured ; punctures on vertex close and'
fine, on mesothorax fine but irregularly scattered (postscutellum and
scutellum not punctured), on metathorax close and fine, including
enclosure (which is not well defined), on seg. 1-2 not quite so fine, but
close, sparse on seg. 3 and still more so on seg. 4-5, on venter like
seg. 1-2 ; face to ocelli (except base of antennce), spot on scape and joints
3-5 on one side, spots on vertex and behind eyes, collar, two spots or
lines centrally on mesothorax and two smaller spots at sides in front of
tegulae, scutellum, postscutellum, tegulse, tubercles, spot behind, broad
bands on seg. 1-2, narrow irregular bands seg. 3-6, knees, tibia, yellow ;
apical 4 joints of antennas and most of tarsi rust-coloured or rufous; collar
declivitous.

From multiinaculatus it differs at once ui fine punctures, clear wings
and markings ; from arizonm in distance of eyes apart on vertex, cavities

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155

at sides of scutellum and postscutellum, and in coarser and more irregular
punctures of abdomen. One (^ spcm., Denver, Colo., July 20, 1898, on
Cleotne seri-ulata (I). 1105b).
Philanthns arizonce, n. sp.

$ . — Length, 7 mm. jet black with pale yellow markings. A fairly
thick growth of fine white pubescence on face and cheeks, more downlike
on thorax, hardly apparent on abdomen ; eyes close, about the distance
apart on vertex of the length of joints 3-4 of antennae ; collar declivitous;
wings clear, not clouded, nervures outwardly fuscous, stigma and towards
base pale rust-coloured ; no cavity at sides of scutellum and post-
scutellum ; joints 3-5 of antennae on one side, face to ocelli (except base
of antennse), two spots on vertex and two behind eyes, collar, two spots
on fore mesothorax centrally, most of scutellum, postscutellum, tegulse,
tubercles, spot behind, knees, tibia, yellow ; lower face, tegul^K and
tubercles very pale, almost white ; tarsi rust-coloured mostly ; punctures
on vertex fine, sparse, on mesothorax fine, closer (scutellum and post-
scutellum not punctured), metathorax (including poorly defined enclosure)
fine, close, on abdomen fine and close, about evenly distributed, on
venter scattered, fine.

One $ spcm. taken by Dr. Griffith, at Phcenix, Arizona, Nov., '97,
and numbered D. 1331 in my collection.

" Collar declivitous," as used above, describes P. punctatus ; not
declivitous would describe P. ventilabris.

THE EPIPLEMID^ THE LOWEST BOMBYCIDS.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., WASHINGTON, D. C.

The Epiplemidae are a family of moths fairly well represented in
India. (See Hampson's Moths of Lidia, HL, 121.) Only one larva is
known, that oi Epiplema latifasciata, Moore, and unfortunately the figure
is insufficient to show more than that the feet are normal (five abdominal
pairs) and the seta3 probably single. The family occurs also sparingly in
America. Hulst lists three genera as a subfamily of Geometrid?e, the
Strophidiinie (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc , XXHL, 309); but I would certainly
prefer Hampson's treatment, both as to the name and rank of the group.

By good fortune some larvfu of one of our species were bred at the
Department of Agriculture at Washington in 1882, and inflated larvai
prepared by Koebele. They have remained undescribed to the present
time. The species is Callidaptcryx dryopterata, Grt., which falls iiegr

156

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the Indian genus Orjidiza, Walk. The larvi^ are remarkable. They
possess the five normal pairs of abdominal feet, with rather few crotchets
on the inner three-fourths of the planta, double hooked, of two not very
regular lengths. The setaj are distinct but short, with large tubercles,
single except that vi. consists of two setse, arising from separate tubercles
on abdominal segment 3 and posteriorly, but from the same tubercle on
segments i and 2. Tubercles iv. and v. are separate on the posterior
segments, strictly in line, iv. not at all higher. On abdominal segments
I to 3 they are united together. I'here is a distinct leg plate with scattered
setJB. On the thorax i.a + i. b, ii.a + ii.b, iii. separate, iv, + v., vi. double.
The prothoracic shield is broken up, the lateral piece the most distinct and
bearing three setae. The head has single setce, fairly distinct. Those on
the epicraneum are
normal above ; i., ii.
and iii. forming a
right angle ; iv. be-
low ; v., vi. and vii.
behind the eyes ; vii.
situated between the
two lower ocelli; viii.
above the level of the
eyes, midway b e -
tween them and the
clypeus ; ix. half way

between viii. and the base of the antenna.
IV., 93, for numbering of head setae.) I adjoin a figure showing the head
and abdominal setae of Callidapteryx in diagrammatic form. (Fig. 16.)

The interpretation of these structures is at first puzzling. There is a
strange mixture of Bombycid and Tineid characters. Tubercle iv. is in
its generalized position, yet on the forward segments it unites with v. as
in the Tineids. But the fact that this union is not present throughout
shows that it is a recent acquirement, for when such a character is con-
genital it is present on all the segments without equivocation. Another
Tineid character is the union of the upper thoracic tubercles in pairs,
especially of ii. b with ii, a. Again, on the head seta viii. is high up as in
Tineids.

The Bombycid characters are the leg plates, the half row of crotchets
on the feet, the doubling of tubercle vi. and breaking up of the cervical

(See Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157

shield. The usually decisive character of the position of tubercle iv. is
here as indifferent as it could possibly be made. I explain the larva as
follows : It is at the bottom of the Bombycids, and tubercle iv. has not
yet taken up its definite position. The other Tineid anomalies are
explained by a comparison with the Drepanidtw, with which this larva
bears affinity in the setae, although there is no hypertrophy of the anal
plate. In Drepana arcnata the thoracic tubercles ii.a and ii.b are united,
the epicranial seta viii. is high up, above the level of the eyes, and abdom-
inal tubercle vi. is doubled, all as in Callidapteryx. Drepana is then also
a low form, but here abdominal tubercle iv. is in the characteristic
Bombycid position.

The Epiplemidge, then, stand at the bottom of the Bombyces, throw-
ing off on one side the Drepanidse, on the other (judging from the moths)
the Geometrid;y. Near them the Notodontian stem has arisen, giving
rise to the other Bombycid families. (See Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XXVII., 146, for a geneological tree. The Epiplemidte may be added at
the point where the stem of the Drepanidee joins that of the Geometriie.)
Callidapteryx dryopterata, Grote.

The larviB were found abundantly at the end of July on Viburmtm
fiudu?n. Moths emerged August i6th, and eggs and young larvae were
found immediately after. Puppe by September 6th between leaves.
Evidently two-brooded. No description accompanies these notes in the
books of the Department of Agriculture, and I do not think an adequate
one can be made from the blown larvae. They may have been green or
whitish with broken brown lines, tubercles i. and iii. large and dark, the
rest pale. Head spotted, 1.4 mm. wide. There is no record of whether
the larvae were exposed or concealed feeders. Stage I. is preserved
mounted on a slide labelled 3/4/92, No. 2826, but so badly shrunken that
I cannot see the arrangement of setas. Feet slender, the crotchets nearly
bordering the planta, anal plate prominent but not produced ; setae large.

The Toronto Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario
held its second annual meeting on the ist of April last. The following
officers were elected for the ensuing year : President, Mr. R. J. Crew ;
Vice-President, Mr. C. T. Hills; Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Arthur Gibson;
Librarian-Curator, Mr. H. D. Chipman ; Members of Council, Messrs.
H. C. Tyers and E. M. Fenwick. The Department of Education for
Ontario has granted to the Society the free use of a room in which to hold
its meetings and place its library and collections,

158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE
GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA.

EY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
( Continued f7-o//i page 121.)

Leptomeris nigrodiscalis, n. sp.

Expands 24 mm. Palpi and front black ; vertex ochre-white ;
antennae whitish below, blackish or smoky above ; thorax and abdomen
white, slightly ochre stained. Fore wings white, with four somewhat
indistinct, broad, even, wavy, ochre lines, the first well out from base, the
second just outside of discal spot, the third in outer space, the fourth
marginal ; hind wings with corresponding broad lines ; discal points
prominent, rather large, jet black ; four fine marginal black points below
apex on fore wings ; beneath more diffuse, more fuscous, less ochreous,
the lines less determinate ; discal spots not so marked, black points as
above on margin of fore wings, and some appearing below apex along
margin on hind wings.

Maine.
Eois PERSiMiLis, n. sp.

Expands 23-26 mm. An insect strongly resembling in superficial
appearance Eois ^-Unearia, Pack. It is smaller than that species, with
the hind wings rounded, and not angled as in ^-linear ia. The lines of
the wing are brownish ochreous, and straight or slightly bent, not at all
wavy and angulate as in ^-/inearia. The ground colour is a clearer white,
and has a sprinkling of brownish or blackish scales. The cross lines are
rather broadish, even in width, and quite distinct. Beneath as above,
with the lines the same, though not so definite as above. Discal spot
obsolete above, quite distinct, black, below.

Canada, from Quebec and Ontario ; sent by Mr. Hanham, of
Winnipeg. The species seems to be midway in some respects between
£. inductata, Guen., and E. ^-linearia, Pack. Mr. Hanham writes me
indtcctata is taken at Winnipeg in abundance on the open prairies, while
this species he has taken only in dark woods.
Eois hanhami, n. sp.

Expands 23-26 mm. Palpi black, front black, vertex white ; thorax
and abdomen white or slightly smoky stained ; fore wings, ground colour
white or slightly fuscous stained, with a sprinkling of blackish points
sometimes numerous enough to give a fuscous shading ; lines three,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159

rather faint, blackish, rounded, parallel with each other, equally separated,
finely and evenly dentate so far as evidenced ; hind wings with three
corresponding lines ; beneath, more fuscous than above, the inner lines
fainter or entirely obsolete ; fore wings, apex and outer margin rounded,
hind wings without angle.

Closely allied to E. ^-linearia and persimilis, but with much more
rounded wings, and the outer lines different in direction.

Winnipeg, Manitoba ; from Mr. Hanham.

SVNCHLORA LOUISA, U. sp.

Expands 18-22 mm. Palpi dull red ; front whitish or red below, red
above ; summit pure white ; thorax light green, deep purple-red stained
above in $ , green in $ ; abdomen of ^ white, deeply stained with purple-
red above, end white, with a large snow white spot dorsally on basal seg-
ment, and another posteriorly on third segment, (abdomen of $ wanting);
antennae pure white, in ^ pink tinted. All wings clear bright light green,
edged with purple-red along costa, and on outer margins, this running out
on fringe at end of veins more or less deeply ; the colour is more heavy
in the ^ , and broadens somewhat on fore wings on outer margin below
apex, and at posterior angle ; fringes white, more or less purple stained
in ^ ; discal spots present on all wings, fine, reddish. Beneath smooth,
even, silky white, with a greenish tinge ; marginal lines fine, purple.

Cocoanut Grove, S. Florida. A very pretty insect. One type in
National Museum, No. 3918.

SVNCHLORA VIRIDIPURPUREA, n. sp.

Expands 25-27 mm. Palpi reddish at end, end member very long ;
front reddish below, dark green above ; summit pure white ; antennae
white at base, becoming light ochre outwardly ; thorax deep clear green ;
abdomen deep green, the posterior segments light green anteriorly, end
reddish, with reddish spots dorsally on posterior segments. All wings
deep green, even, somewhat striated with whitish ; fore wings with
apex sharp, subfalcate ; discal point small, reddish-brown ; marginal line
purplish ; an indication of an outer line is given in red spots on the veins
towards costa, which become a large purple blotch filling the wing at
inner angle, extending one-third towards base, and nearly half way to
costa. The hind wings have a diffuse purplish discal spot, purplish
marginal line, and a large rounded purple blotch along anal margin and
within anal angle ; beneath, whitish-green, the purplish blotches faintly
showing ; body white below, with some reddish on abdomen.

led THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Charlotte Harbor, Indian River and Lake Worth, Florida ; of the
size and form of S. hoUa^idaria, Hulst, especially distinct, however, in
lacking the white spots on wings. I have seen % % oiily, and the genus
may not be properly determined.

Synchlora texana, n. sp.

Expands 25 mm. Palpi and front reddish; antennae light ochre;
thorax clear green ; abdomen light green, with pure white spots, rather
large, on each segment dorsally. Fore wings, costa rounded, apex
pointed, posterior angle distinct, the wings clear green, quite evenly
striated with white ; inner line scarcely evident, outer line not very
distinct, strongly wavy, about parallel with outer margin, discal spots
prominent, distinct, reddish-brown ; marginal line clear distinct reddish-
brown also, fringes white, reddish-brown at end of veins. Hind wings
of same colour as fore wings, posterior angle prominent, outer margin
somewhat wavy ; discal spot distinct, reddish-brown ; marginal line
distinct, ' reddish-brown, fringe white, red at end of veins. Beneath
whitish-green, even ; discal points and marginal line reddish-brown, not
so sharp as above ; costa of fore wings above and below, as also fore
tibiae on inner side, tinged with reddish.

Austin, Texas. I have the male only.

Aplodes catachloa, n. sp.

Expands 24 mm. Palpi and front reddish ; palpi of ^ short and
stout ; antennie light ochre, pure white on top of stem ; summit pure
white ; collar red ; wings bright green, somewhat washed with white, and
intermixed with white scales, broad, rounded, a small red spot costally at
base, the rest of costa narrowly white ; two not very distinct cross lines
continued across both wings, the inner less wavy, the outer more distinct,
two-thirds out, parallel with outer margin and wavy ; discal spots distinct,
blackish-brown ; margins red ; fringes white. Beneath light whitish-
green, the fore wings anteriorly slightly greener than the rest ; fore wings
with costa rather broadly ochre nearly to apex ; discal spots distinct,
blackish ; margin faintly reddish ; thorax dark green above ; abdomen
above green at base, becoming white at end, with a greenish tint dorsally ;
on third, fourth, fifth and sixth segments dorsally, red enclosing pure
white subtriangular spot ; beneath pure white, except that femora and
tibise of fore legs are red in front.

Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Mrs. Slosson.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161

Aplodes obliqua, n. sp.

Expands 26 mm. Palpi and front ochre, stained with reddish ;
summit white ; antennae ochre, white above ; collar green ; thorax, front
and tegulae deep green, dorsally and posteriorly dull ochre ; abdomen
ochre-white, with reddish on segments above ; fore wings deep even
green, whitish-ochre along costa, with two broad white lines ; the inner,
one-third out from base and reaching inner margin an equal distance
from base ; the outer line two-thirds out, parallel with outer margin, thus
very closely approaching basal line at inner margin, while widely
separated at costa ; a red marginal line, fringe pinkish, discal spots
wanting ; hind wings deep green, lighter at base ; lines broad, white, the
basal not distinct, the outer only slightly rounded ; marginal line red,
fringe pinkish. Beneath as above, but lighter green, and lines less
distinct.

Colorado ; from Mr. Bruce.
Deilinia pulveraria, n. sp.

Expands 35-3S mm. Palpi black; front dark brown; thorax dark
brown, mixed with blackish ; abdomen dark fuscous ; fore wings dark
fuscous, overlaid with black scales, with many of violet-brown, giving a
general dark, almost blackish-brown colour ; this darkest at base as shad-
ing of basal line, as a broad band over central portion and on outer and
submarginal portions ; between middle and outer lines is a band of reddish-
brown, and on submarginal field a line of whitish lunules or scallops; a
marginal line of black dashes present ; discal spot a whitish annulus ; hind
wings fuscous in dark cross striations, heaviest and so darkest outwardly ;
discal spots distinct, black. Beneath fore wings fuscous, with cross
striations, cell more darkened, with an outward black band, distinct
towards apex, obsolete before inner margin ; hind wings fuscous, with
coarser blackish striations darkening the outer portion of the wing, the
wing outwardly having a brownish tint.

Rossland, British Columbia ; from Mr. Danby. I'aken by him from
April 1 8th to May 9th. The general appearance of the insect is much
like D. litaria, Hulst.
Deilinia behrensaria, var. cervinicolor, n. var.

I wish to give this varietal name to the marked cervinous form of
D. behrensaria^ Hulst. The type form is reddish-ochre or ochre, while
the variety is very distinct in appearance, being of the colour stated above,
this replacing the colour of the type on all wings.

162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Macaria pictipennata, n. sp.

Expands 23-27 mm. Palpi fuscous gray ; thorax and front light,
clear gray ; abdomen gray, fuscous stained ; fore wings clear gray, over-
laid with blackish in fine dots and striations ; inner line faint across the
wing, with a black spot at costa, nearly straight ; median shade faint, also
black at costa; outer line white, only slightly sinuous, edged on both
sides with blackish, this becoming heavy black spots at costa and vein 4 ;
a submarginal shade and black or broken black margin ; hind wing
fuscous gray, darker outwardly, striated, without lines ; discal spots
evident on all wings, but not strong ; beneath light gray with fuscous tinge,
and an ochre shading, nearly white on inner half of hind wings, the outer
third on all wings darker.

Prescott and Senator, Ariz.; from Dr. Kunze'. Taken July ist, and
Sept. ist to Sept. 9th, 1896. The insect is bright in appearance, resem-
bling Sciagraphia muscariata, Guen., but brighter, and with outer line
not angled near costa, differing as well as in the antennal structure of the
male.

Nacophora quernaria, var. atrescens, n. var.

I have received this very marked form from Mr. Moffat, of London,
Ontario. The general colour is black with a narrow whitish basal line,
and a narrow whitish outer line, which broadens near inner margin. The
hind wings have an outer broad whitish band ; each of these is the edging
of the normal black lines of quernaria, these lines being evident in the
variety. Beneath as above, the colours a little sharper and less squamosa.

London, Ontario, Canada ; from Mr. Moffat.
Sciagraphia spodopterata, n. sp.

Expands 35-38 mm. Palpi, front, thorax and abdomen light fuscous
to nearly white, the abdomen being darkest and sometimes interlined with
black. Fore wings fuscous-white to white, the surface more or less
marked with points and cross striations of fuscous; lines three, subparallel.
black, equally distant, the basal and outer heavy, distinct ; the middle,
which is through the discal point, lighter and more variable ; these lines
are straight or slightly sinuous, continuing to the costa without the angle
or sharp bend so generally found near costa in species nearly allied, in
this respect resembling trifasciata. Pack. Outer margin somewhat lighter;
marginal line black. Hind wings gray-fuscous stained, or with consider-
able fuscous striations, with a basal and extra discal black line — these

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163

varying in intensity— the basal often, and both sometimes, obsolete.
Beneath more diffusely obsolete, the lines above showing in depth of colour,
but not black nor distinct.

Colo., Gala. The specimens are all females. The species is nearest
to atrofasciata, Pack., but is much larger in size and lighter in colour.

SCIAGRAPHIA FLAVIVENATA, n. Sp.

Expands 34 mm. Palpi ochreous at end and above, brownish
below ; front fuscous ochreous ; antennae ochreous, blackish above ;
thorax brownish, with a dorsal gray line, and ends of patagiai bright
orange-ochreous ; abdomen with white dorsal lunule at base, the rest
yellow with scattered dark scales. Fore wings blackish, ochreous, with
distinct cross striations of yellow and whitish, the yellow striations more
prevalent along the costa, the white on the rest of the wings, these being
enough to give a banded appearance at base, intradiscally, and out-
wardly, the latter being more clear and somewhat uneven ; veins clear
deep yellow. Hind wings dirty grayish, somewhat mottled, the markings
being more distinct in colour along inner margin, and at dorsal angle.
Beneath dull fuscous mottled gray, a whitish line from apex to inner
margin on fore wings, and a blackish extra-discal line on hind wings ;
all discal spots distinct.

Taken near Quebec, Canada, and sent to me by Mr. Hanham. A
very beautiful insect with peculiar markings. Since writing the descrip-
tion I have seen another specimen from New Hampshire.

DiASTICTIS PARTICOLOR, n. sp.

Expands 28 mm. Palpi stout, ascending, rather long, end member
very short, these with front dark purple, mixed with whitish ; summit
violet ; collar purple-yellow ; antenna? filiform, purplish ; thorax yellow ;
abdomen yellow at base, becoming purplish and whitish at end, with the
purple pronounced dorsally ; wings yellow, somewhat stained and striated
with purple or violet, the fore wings less so and brightest yellow anteri-
orly ; cross lines scarcely suggested ; discal spots prominent, pure white,
surrounded with a ])urple clouding ; outer field violet, edged within with
dark purple, beginning at vein 7, running narrowly and evenly to between
veins 5 and 6, then at a right angle, becoming much broader, reaching
half way to cell ; the inner margin then curving around to inner angle ;
hind wings, corresponding violet spot reaching along outer margin,
limited within by a dark purple, rather broad edging, nearly straight from
anterior to posterior angle ; all fringes purplish. Beneath lighter, ochre

164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

to ochre-yellow, the spots showing through in a purple shading ; discal
spots as above, indistinct. Legs white, fore legs and tibise of middle
legs purplish in front.

Lake Worth, Fla.; Mrs. Slosson. A very pretty insect.

DiASTICTIS MARICOPA, n. Sp.

Expands 26 mm. Palpi and front dull clay colour ; thorax dull
whitish ; abdomen dull whitish, with intermixed darker scales ; fore
wings dull clay colour, with three black cross lines, each much more
heavily marked at costa ; the basal is rounded somewhat wavy ; the
other two fine, rounded, and broken, the outer being emphasized into a
distinct and prominent black spot at vein 4 ; a marginal line of black
points ; hind wings rather more grayish, with black atoms, these suggest-
ing two cross lines near the middle. Beneath nearly as above in colour,
the lines faintly showing on all wings.

Arizona.

DiASTICTIS FLORIDENSIS, U. sp.

Expands 22 mm. Palpi fuscous orange-ochre, front orange-ochre ;
thorax fuscous ochre, with blackish scales intermixed, the end of the
abdomen becoming more orange-ochre ; fore wings fuscous, with an
ochre tinge, squamose with fuscous points, a faint rounded outer line of
darker fuscous, and a faint small spot in outer space on vein 4; hind
wings bright orange-ochre, ochre along inner margin, with scattered
fuscous striations, showing into a faint median line and an outer line of
fuscous spots ; discal spots on all wings blackish ; beneath, all wings
bright orange-ochre, the lines and spots showing as above and somewhat
more clearly.

South Florida, from Mr. Rautenberg. I have the $ only, and the
generic reference is provisional and doubtful.

DiASTICTIS OLIVALIS n. Sp.

Expands 25 mm. Palpi heavy, drooping, fuscous ochre; front
fuscous ochre; thorax olivaceous fuscous ochre; abdomen fuscous ochre.
Fore wings smooth, even olivaceous fuscous, dark fuscous narrowly along
costa and forming outwardly a marginal line ; discal spots and lines
obsolete and unsuggested. Hind wings light fuscous, with fuscous
striations, making them approach the colour of the fore wings, but with
scarcely an olivaceous tinge. Beneath fuscous with a violet tinge, costa
and veins slightly ochreous ; hind wings squamose ochre fuscous.

Without locality, in U. S. National Collection, type No, 3957.
[to be continued.]

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165

OBITUARY.

Dr. Joseph Albert Lintner.

By the death of Dr. J. A. Lintner, which occurred at Florence, Italy,
on May 6th, economic entomology has lost one of its oldest, ablest, and
most distinguished devotees. He was of German parentage, and was
born at Schoharie, N. Y., February 8th, 1822. He graduated from the
Schoharie academy at the age of fifteen, and for the next thirty years was
actively engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York City, Schoharie, and
Utica. The study of natural history became a fascination for him early
in life, and in 1853 he turned his attention especially to insects, and
rendered valuable aid to Dr. Fitch, who was then making an entomo-
logical survey of the State of New York.

Dr. Lintner's first paper upon insects was published in 1862, and six
years later he became zoological assistant in the New York State Museum
of Natural History. He continued in the service of the State until his
death, working as assistant in the Museum for twelve years, and in 1880
receiving the appointment of State Entomologist. This thirty years of
continuous active servicfe in an official capacity, in a useful and limited
. scientific field, and in a single State, is certainly a remarkable record, and
one which speaks volumes of praise for Dr. Lintner.

He richly deserved the honour of the degree of Ph. D. conferred upon
him in 1SS4 by the University of the State of New York. He was also
honoured with the presidency of several scientific associations, and his
name is enrolled among the members of many entomological and other
scientific societies, both in America and in Europe. The publications of
Dr. Lintner merit the highest praise, and deservedly entitle him to the
foremost rank among the economic entomologists of the world. He
published more than a thousand miscellaneous articles upon injurious
insects, besides his four important " Entomological Contributions " and
his twelve reports as State Entomologist ; probably the thirteenth report,
for 1897, is in the printer's hands.

These reports are justly entitled to the highest rank among the
scientific publications of the great Empire State. They represent the
highest ideal or model of what such reports should be, both from a
scientific and a practical standpoint. For typographical neatness and
scientific accuracy, for the simple, yet elegant and dignified, way in which
dry scientific facts are made interesting and adapted to the understanding

166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of the agriculturist. Dr. Lintner's reports have not been excelled in the
world's entomological literature. Such indexes as his reports contain are
rare in any literature. One is still more impressed with the scientific and
literary attainments of Dr. Lintner, when one understands that, practically,
he never had any of the modern facilities, such as are found at many of
our experiment station, for studying the habits of insects ; his office vv'as
his literary sanctum, laboratory, museum, library and insectary combined.
Dr. Lintner was a man of quiet and dignified manners, always
courteous and pleasant to meet in social intercourse. He was ever ready
to impart from his vast fund of knowledge ; and, being an impressive
speaker, he always commanded the attention of scientific bodies which
he was called upon to address. His frequent addresses before horticul-
tural and agricultural societies in his own and in other States, and farmers'
meetings of all kinds, were always full of information. He had recently
been granted a well-earned six months' leave of absence, and was spend-
ing it in sunny Italy when the death summons came. In Dr. Lintner
the agriculturists of New York found one of their best and most helpful
friends, and entomologists the world over a true and sympathetic
co-worker. His name well deserves a place in that list of names enshrined
in the hearts of every American economic entomologist — Harris, Fitch,
Walsh, LeBaron, Riley — -and Lintner. M. V. Slingerland.

Professor David Simons Kellicott.
Professor David Simons Kellicott was born at Hastings Centre,
Oswego County, N. Y., January 28, 1842, and died at his home in
Columbus, Ohio, April 13, 1S98. In his boyhood his frail constitution
and delicate health required him to spend much of his time out of doors,
and it is to this, no doubt, that, in part at least, his love for nature may be ~
traced. He graduated from Syracuse University with the degree of
B. Sc, while the institution was yet known as Genesee College; teaching
one year in Southern Ohio, prior to his graduation. After graduating, he
taught one year in Kingston Normal School, Pennsylvania, after which
he was connected for seventeen years with the State University at
Baffalo, N. Y., being Dean of the College of Pharmacy and also Professor
of Botany and Microscopy. He came to the Ohio State University in
1888, where for ten years he has occupied the chair of Zoology and Ento-
mology. At the time of his death he was General Secretary of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, President of the
American Microscopical Society, and Treasurer of the Ohio Academy of

THE CA.NADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167

Science. He had served as President of the Buffalo, N. Y., Academy of
Science and the Ohio Academy of Science.

Animal Parasites of Fishes, and the Rotifera, from time to time
claimed a considerable portion of Professor Kellicott's attention, but his
entomological work won for him the admiration of the entomologists of
America. Patient, conscientious and utterly devoid of selfishness, he
was one of the most kind and lovable men the writer has ever met.
Faithful and just with his colleagues and the idol of his pupils, seeking
patiently and industriously after the truth, he won esteem while living, and
in his death he has left numberless friends to mourn his loss. If there
was ever a man who deserved the reward, "Well done, thou good and
faithful servant," that man was David S. Kellicott ; and the fruits of his
labours will stand as an enduring monument to his faithfulness among his
fellow-men. He began to contribute to the Canadian Entomologist
in 1878, his last article appearing in 1896. F. M. Webster.

BOOK NOTICES.

A Text-book of Entomology, Including the x\natomy. Physiology,
Embryology, and Metamorphoses of Insects, for use in Agri-
cultural AND Technical Schools and Colleges, as well as by
the Working Entomologist. — By Alpheus S. Packard, M. D., Ph.
D. New York: The Macmillan Company, 66 Fifth Avenue; 1898.
Price, $4.50.

The book is primarily divided into three parts : Part I. being devoted
to Morphology and Physiology, Part II. to Embryology, and Part III. to
Metamorphoses. Under these divisions Dr. Packard treats his subject
as follows : Position of Insects in the animal kingdom 3 Relation of
Insects to other Arthropoda ; Insecta (Hexapoda); The Plead and its
Appendages ; The Thorax and its Appendages ; The Abdomen and its
Appendages ; The Armature of Insects ; The Colours of Insects ; Muscular
System ; Nervous System ; Sensory Organs ; Digestive Canal and its
Appendages ; Glandular and Excretory Appendages of the Digestive
Canal ; Defensive or Repugnatorial Scent-Glands ; Alluring or Scent-
Glands ; Organs of Circulation ; Blood Tissue ; Respiratory System ;
Organs of Reproduction ; Development of the Egg, Larva, Pupa, and
Imago ; Hypermetamorphism ; Summary of the Facts and Suggestions as
to the Causes of Metamorphism.

168 , THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The volume contains 729 pages, including a carefully prepared index,
654 figures and numerous valuable bibliographical lists. We certainly
have nothing in the way of entomological literature in this country that
will cover the field of development of insects as will this last work of Dr.
Packard. Not only the teacher and student, but the educated men and
women of the world at large who may desire to know more of the anatomy,
pliysiology and metamorphoses of insects, will find in this work the very
aid that is most desired. With this work and some other like Comstock's
Manual, any student of ordinary ability can begin at the very foundation
of entomology and work his way upward fully as easily as has heretofore
been possible in zoology. The advent of this work certainly marks the
trend of entomological studies in America. In future, except in some
particular groups, we are to have less species-making and more studies of
the development and transformations of those already well known in the
adult stage, as well as of their inter-relations with each other and with
other organisms about them. We shall not study dried corpses alone,
but life in connection therewith, and the possession of pinned specimens
of the adults in our cabinets will only increase our desire to know more
of the problems of their existence. F. M. W.

AranE/E Hungari/E. — By C. Chyzer and L. Kulczynski.

The last part of Vol. II. of this important work has just been pub-
lished (Jan., 1S98), and completes the account of the Hungarian spiders.
This part is of two hundred pages, and five plates, and contains the
families Zodarioidae, Agalenoidai, Drassoidse, Zoropseoidse, Dysderoidje,
Filistatoidge, Calommatoidje, Theraphosoidae, and an appendix with
additions to previous parts of the work. Nearly 800 species are treated ;
and in this part forty spiders are described as new, thus showing how
much there is yet to be done in a well-known part of Europe. In a
systematic way the authors have closely followed Thorell. Tables are
given for the separation of genera and species, which are useful to the
American student in indicating lines of systematic work in this country.
For clear definition of species the work is, I believe, the best that has
ever been written. N. B.

The twenty-eighth annual report of the Entomological Society of
Ontario for 1897 has recently been issued by the Department of Agricul-
ture. It consists of 104 pages, and is illustrated by 56 wood cuts and 2
plates. One of the latter gives an inside view of the Society's library and
cabinets, with the well-known figure of Mr. J. Alston Moffat, the librarian
and curator. The picture is reproduced from a photograph kindly taken
by Mr. R. W. Rennie, of London.

Mailed June 2nd, 1898.

\\t immlini mniomlot^hl

Vol. XXX. LONDON, JULY, 1898. No. 7.

THE IMPORTATION OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE,
ASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS, FROM JAPAN.

BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

In Entomological Ne^vs, Vol. IX., pp. 95-96, Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell
states that Mr. Alexander Craw, quarantine officer at San Francisco,
California, had "two or three times'' found Aspidiotus pei'fiiciosus on
trees from Japan, and, notably, on a plum tree that arrived January 2 5thj
1898.

On April 29th, 1898, the writer found A. perniciosus with Diaspis
amygdali on Japan white semi-double Flowering Cherry, received direct
from Japan during the winter of 1896-97, the trees having been planted
out in an isolated locality during the latter part of April, 1897, and
though having been growing in America for nearly or quite a year, their
location was sufficient proof that they could not, by any possible chance,
have become infested in this country. Only a part of the trees were
infested, and these but slightly, the scale being more abundant near the
surface of the ground and diminishing in numbers upward, while there
were none to be found on the branches. The trees were small, being
only about a half inch in diameter at base.

A lot of stock, belonging to the same varieties as those above
mentioned, Prinms pandula and P. pseudo-ceracens, that had also been
imported directly from Japan and from the same firm, but during the
winter of 1897-8, was then examined. Unlike the first lot, these trees
had never been removed from the storehouse where they had been
removed from the boxes in which they were imported. These trees
were smaller than the others, having evidently been arch grafted, on
older stock of some variety of cherry, by cutting oft' the original top and
leaving a stump about six or eight inches in height and an inch or more
in diameter, the cleft for the insertion of the graft being made after the
usual manner, but instead of using a scion in the ordinary way, a young
growing shoot of the ilowering cherry had been inserted into the cleft at
one side of the slump at the top, and the juncture covered with grafting

170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

wax, the shoot, however, not being severed until after it had united with
the stump, when it was cut off just below the juncture, thus greatly
facilitating the growth of the graft, as it could draw its nourishment from
the parent stock until it had firmly united with the new. These old
stocks or stumps were mucli more seriously infested with the San Jose
scale than the younger wood, averaging from one to six individuals to
the square inch of bark surface, but extending upwards on the young
growth well toward the extremity. On the old wood many of the scales
were dead, but there were plenty of live ones and it was impossible to
determine whether or not the dead had been parasitized, partly eaten by
carnivorous enemies, or crushed in the handling of the stock, but that
this was a direct importation does not admit of a doubt.

Mr. Cockerell thinks that the San Jose scale may probably be a
native of the more or less elevated regions of Japan, the species of
scale insects found there near the sea level seeming to belong to oriental
tropical types. It was impossible to learn the exact locality where the
stock examined by me had been propagated, but there were certainly no
indications of immunity to the attack of this scale, though the trees
might, perhaps, have withstood the attack better and survived longer,
but, judging from ail that could be observed from the actions of the scale
on the importation of 1896-7, without the influences of natural enemies,
it would spread as rapidly on a tree from Japan as it would on one from
America, and this raises the question as to why, if it occurs in Japan, as
it certainly does, this scale does not become as destructive there as with
us in America. If this immunity is not due to resistive powers of the
stock, and I certainly believe, from what I saw in these cases, it is not,
then the protection must come from the influences of natural enemies,
which is of itself the best possible proof that Japan is the native home of
Aspidiotus perjiiciostis, and that we have a case parallel with that of the
introduction of the Cottony-cushion «cale, Icerya purchasi, into California
from Australia. We have imported the San Jose scale and left behind
its natural enemies that hold it in check in Japan, and while we cannot
tell just what these enemies are, if the scale is a native of that country we
have probably been importing it for years, and in that case, if the enemies
were of a fungous nature, or internal feeders, we should have gotten them
with their host insect long ago. It seems probable, then, that these
enemies, or at least the one that is holding this scale in check, is one
that is easily separated from its food and has for this reason been left

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 171

behind in the importation of fruit and ornamental stock upon which the
scale has occurred. The overwhelming success that followed the
introduction of the Australian lady beetle, Novius cardinalis, and the
suppression of the Cottony-cushion scale might not again be repeated in
the case of the San Jose scale, as, in case of a successful introduction of
its natural enemies, its wide diffusion over the country would rendep its
suj^jiression much more difficult, but it would now seem that we have in
our possession information enough to indicate very strongly that in
Japan Aspidiotus pcrniciosus has natural enemies, which, if brought to
this country and distributed in infested orchards and places where the
scale exists, would sooner or later overcome this ])est and hold it in
check thereafter. \Ve have accomplished this once and saved from ruin
an immense industry, starting with even less prospects of success than we
now have in the case of the San Jose scale. A competent entomologist
located in Japan, for perhaps a year, would solve the problem, as
within that time he would be able to study the San Jose scale and its
enemies over a considerable area of country, and if such enemies were
transmitlible, and we have no reason to suppose that they are not,
arrangements could be made to have them transmitted in quantity to the
various Experiment Stations in this country in the States where the scale
is known to occur. From a scientific standpoint, there does not appear
to be a single significant obstacle in the way of again carrying out this
plan of introducing from a foreign country the natural enemies of an
insect that has been introduced with the plants upon which it depredates,
while these natural enemies, owing to their habits, have been left behind.

Financially speaking, there ought to be no question as to the value
to the country of the benefits to be derived from this importation, in case
it is found to be practical. Even if it shotild fail, which must be
reckoned among the possibilities, but not by any means among the
probabilities, the financial loss would be Ijut a mere bagatelle for either
Canada or the United States, or even a single State, for that matter.

The total expense of sending Mr. Koebele and myself to Australia
(See reports U. S. Commissioners to Centennial Exliibition at Melbourne,
1888, p. 78) in 1888-89, exclusive of salaries, was exactly $1,694.97.
With $2, coo or $2,500 at his disposal, an entomologist would be able to
accomplish all that I have indicated, provided, of course, that he was
already a salaried officer and his ])ay was continued by the institution
witji which he was connected. There are two widely se])arated town-

172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ships in Ohio, in either one of which the San Jose scale has done
injuries that would amount to the larger of these sums, if not even more,
and the Province of Ontario is probably spending fully as much in trying
to exterminate the scale in some of the localities where it has already
obtained a foothold.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF KERMES FROM KANSAS.

BY E. E. BOGUE, STILLWATER, OKLAH<3MA.

Kermes piibescens, Bogue, n. sp.

9 scale spheroidal, 35^ mm. in diameter, 3 high; pointed and
grooved beneath ; covered all over with short straggling whitish pubes-
cence. Colour rather light brown, with more or less obscure and suffused
dark brown bands marking the obsolete segments. Surface shining,
with minute concolorous specks, but no dark spots or pits.

Hab. — On twigs and leaves of oak ( Qucicus inacrocarpa and Q.
pri/ioides), at Manhattan, Kansas. Collected by Mr. J. B. Norton. Mr.
Norton reports that this does considerable damage to Quercus inacro-
carpa. It occurs very thickly on the young twigs and leaves.

" Allied to such species as K. galliformis, but very distinct by its
pubescence, dark colour with suffused markings, and comparatively
small size." (Ckll. in litt.)

The following species, also found by Mr. Norton, has been described
by Mr. Cockerell, who sent his MS. to be included in this article.
Kermes concinnnius, Ckll., n. sp.

" $ scale 4 mm. long, 4^^ broad, 3^ high ; very convex, rounded
in front, more or less flattened behind ; flattened beneath, except a
median anterior keel-like prominence. Colour lively ochreous. Surface^
shining, not speckled with black ; segmentation very distinct, the sutures
marked by bands and spots of dark brown and black, on the hind part
by numerous pits. A median longitudinal groove, where the segmenta-
tion is obsolete, also partly marked out in black. Sutures not deep, nor
are the segments strongly gibbous on each side of the median groove.

"Skin with many small round glands. Antennae and legs very
minute, short and stout.

" Antennpe bristly at tip, joints obscure." (Cockerell MS.)
Hab. — On oak (Quercus macrocarpa), at Manhattan, Kansas. Col-
lected by J. B. Norton. Allied to K. Cockere/li, Ehrhorn, ined.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 173

NOTES ON SOME SAWFLY LARV.^:, ESPECIALLY THE

XYELIDtE.
uy harrison g. dyak, i'h. d., \vashington, d. c.
IMacrophya flavicox.t., Nort.

Head light brown, almost oiange on the vertex, a little dot at
occiput, eye in a black spot; width, i.S mm. Body greenish white,
not shining, a dusky black dorsal stripe and a very distinct velvet-
black lateral one, broken into two square patches situated on the third
and fifth annulets, connected by smoky shadings. The spots are broken
up posteriorly and absent on joint 13. Dorsal band greenish black.
Segments neatly annulate, feet on joints 6-12 and 13; anal plates
immaculate. Towards the end of the stage tiie segments are faintly
orange banded in the middle (on second and third annulets), the anal
flap broadly orange.

Ultimate stage. — Head brownish with blackish apical shade, eye
black. Body shining greenish waxen, no marks except the orange bands
which persist rather distinctly, covering four annulets, apparently first,
second, third and seventh, the segments 7-annulate, marked a little with
tar-brown in the folds. Single brooded ; found on the red-berried elder
( Sambuais racemosa) at Jefferson Highlands, N. H., towards the end of
July, resting curled on the back of the leaf. The larvie pass the winter
in cells in the earth. One $ specimen was bred, which was submitted
to Mr. MacGillivray, who labelled it with doubt, " n. sp., \-\t2,x flavicoxce.'^
I prefer not to consider it distinct for the present. The specimen is in
the U. S. National Museum, marked " 6 L."
Macrophya externa. Say.

Stage III. (?) — Head pale testaceous, a little darker on the vertex,
a large black spot covering the eye ; width, .9 mm. Body tapering
posteriorly, finely annulate, translucent white ; no marks, the dorsum
appearing green from the food. Thoracic feet colourless ; abdominal
ones on joints 6-12 and 13.

Stage IV. — Head whitish, eye black, a dark shaded spot on the
vertex; width, 1.2 mm. Thorax enlarged ; body white, finely 7-annulate,
the dorsum green from food.

Stage V. — Head whitish, eye in a large black spot, a large smoky
black patch on vertex; width, 1.6 mm. Body rather opaque white,
neatly 7-annulate, the food green ; no marks. The larva curls with the
tail raised over the back. Sits on the under side of the leaf.

174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Sfage F/. -Head shining white, a large l)hick palch coveiing, but
mostly behind, the eye ; a rounded grayish black patcii on vertex, finely
white punctured; width, 2.1 mrn. Body wliite, dorsal and subdorsal
broad blackish olive shade bands on joints 2-13 ; anal plate black.
Abdomen neatly annulate ; feet all white.

Siage F//.— Head as before, but slightly pruinose • width, 2.5 mm.
Dorsum to spiracles black, leaden or greenish centrally, the colour
diluted on joint 2 anteriorly and before the black anal plate. Feet all
white; a black patch on the lower subventral fold. Segments neatly
7-annulate.

Sfcjge VIII. (ultimate). — Head sordid pinkish, waxen, shining ;
width, 2.4 mm. Body the same colour, with a darker dorsal band and
broken lateral one ; segments 7-annulate.

Single brooded, forming cells in the earth. Found on the hickory at
Bronx Park, N. Y., and Bellport, Long Island, during July.

Determined by Mr. Ashmead, from one bred 9 , as a vaiiety of M.
externa. Specimen labelled " 8 P."

/\ccording to Mr. W. PI. Ashmead's classification, the described
species of Xyelidte are as follows :

. Macroxvela, Kirby.

1. ferruginea, Say.

2. tricolor, Nort.

3. i/ifuscata, Nort.

4. aenea, Nort.
Megaxvela, Ashmead.

5. major, Cress.
Pleuroneura, Konow.

6. avihigrata,- Dyar.
Manoxvela, Ashmead.

7. cali/or/iica, Ashm.
Xyela, Dalman.

8. minor, Nort.

Genus Macroxyela.
The larva; of this genus are all unknown. The long ovipositor of the
2 suggests an internal feeder.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175

Genus Megaxyela.
The larv<i^ of AT. tnajor proved hard to rear, and only imperfect
specimens were obtained ; but the identification is nearly certain.

The larv.ne are exposed feeders, gregarious on the young leaves of
hickory in May, conspicuously coloured yellow with black spots. Both
thoracic and abdominal feet are present, but are very small and hardly
functional, the larvi^e resting curled around a portion of leaf or stem,
and wriggling about with the help of a few inconspicuous threads of silk.

Egg cuts irregular, somewhat distant, each a yellowish area on one
side of the midrib : the upper epidermis partly separated and brownish
in an area of nearly 3 mm. ; lower epidermis a little swollen and yellowish
in this area. No distinct cut remaining after the larvee hatch.

Stage II. — Head black, with long antennae; width, .6 mm. Body
whitish yellow, with black tubercles as in the next stage.

Stage III. — Much as in the next stages, the anal plate elevated and
black, but no black spot on joint 13, the upper two spots of third annulet
joined. Width of head, .8 mm.

Stage IV. — Head, 1.2 mm. The same ; there is no black mark on
the cervical shield.

Stage V. — Head, 1.8 mm. The same.

Stage VI. — Head rounded, prominent, proportionately small; an-
tennae long, 5-jointed ; shining black, antennae and palpi white ringed in
the joints ; width, 2.2 mm. Body segments 4-annulate, the first a small
dorsal arc, the rest large, reaching subventral folds ; spiracle on second.
Colour, opaque shining yellow, a little clearer in the folds of the
annulets. A black cervical mark, truncate before, widened and trilobate
behind; thoracic feet, a large patch on joint 13 anteriorly, besides the
anal flap on its entire upper side, including the punctured, swollen,
suranal prominences and the tubercles, shining black. Tubercles rather
large, but slightly elevated, minutely piliferous ; four on second and third
annulets above spiracle, two on fourth annulet, lateral, and one on each
subventral fold. A faint dorsal, blackish shade between the uppermost
tubercles, sometimes distinct. Abdominal feet small on joints 6-12 and
13. Single brooded, no ultimate stage. The larvae leave the trees
by the end of May, enter deeply into the earth, and form fragile cells.

176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Genus Pleukoneura.

I have elsewhere described the larva of P. avii/igrata, with the
structure and habits of the preceding, but solitary and coloured to
resemble the excrement of birds.

Genus Manoxyela.

Unknown in the larval state, but not improbably similar to the next.
Genus Xyei.a.

The imago of X. minor is found abundantly on the pine {Pimis
virginiana) very early m the season, in February and March, in the
vicinity of Washington, D. C. The larva (or what I believe to be the
larva, as it has not yet been bred) occurs ia the staminate aments of this
tree, feeding concealed, but not a true internal feeder, as it does not
attack the stem or bracts, so far as I can make out; except to form an
aperture at emergence. Probably they feed on the young pollen. The
larva- leave the aments before they blossom, during April, drop to the
ground, which they enter for some distance to form hibernating cells.
There is but one brood in the year, the April larvte yielding the imago
the following February.

Larva. — Head small, rounded, nearly white, faintly brownish,
especially around the mouth, eye very small, black ; antennae distinct
and quite long j width about .4 mm. Body subcylindrical, venter a
little flattened ; subventral folds moderately distinct. Thoracic feet short
and conic, functionless ; abdominal ones wanting. Segments obscurely
3-annulate ; anal plate round, slightly projecting, somewhat cornified
and brownish, smooth; joint 13 slightly transversely ridged, sloping
posteriorly. Thorax somewhat thickened, the whole body quite robust.
All opaque white, waxy, no marks. The skin is transparent, but the
alimentary canal lined with fat-granules produces the opacity.

From the foregoing a definition of the Xyelid larva would read as
follows : Sawfly larvae with prominent head and moderately long, distinct
antennae. Thoracic feet reduced ; abdominal ones rudimentary or absent,
number as in the Tenthredinina?. Segments with few annulets (three or
four), the tubercles, when present, several haired and situated in two and
a half rows transversely on the spiracular and two following annulets ;
the half row the most posterior.

Apparently most nearly allied to the Lydiidtf, but without the anal
stylets, and spinning little or no silk.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. l77

CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES,
OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(P.pcr No. 2.)
Series I. — Xylophaga.
Family I. — Oryssid.e.

This group was recognized as a sub-family by Newman as early as
1834, and as a distinct family by Haliday in 1839. It is represented at
present by a single genus, Oryssiis, Latr., which is apparently the stem
from whence some of the parasitic Hymenoptera originated ; /. e., the
Megalyridaj, Stephanidfe, etc.

I have now, however, the pleasure of indicating below another genus,
indigenous to Africa,

Although comparatively few species are described in the group, it
yet appears to be widely distributed, species having been found in North,
Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Aru, in the Malay
Archipelago.

After I had sent my MS. of this family in for publication, I found that
Mr. F. W. Konow, in his paper entitled " Systematische und Kritische
Bearbeitung der Siriciden — Tribus Oryssini," * which I had not seen, had
already given a revision of the genera. In this valuable contribution,
Konow recognized four genera, three of which were here described for
the first time. One of these, Chalhius, I had also indicated as new in
my table under the name of Chrysoryssus, based upon a specimen of
Oryssus imperialis, Westvvood, in the National Museum, taken by Mr.
Rolla P. Currie, March^ 1897, at Mount Coffee, Liberia, Africa. It is
one of the most brilliant of phytophagous insects, resembling in its metallic
green colour many of the Chrysids.

The genera Ophrynoptis and Mocsarya are unknown to me ; the
former occurs in Mexico, South America, and Aru, the latter being repre-
sented by a single species, M. inetaliica, Moes.; from Sambawa, Sunda
Island.

The four genera recognized by Konow may be easily distinguished
by the aid of the following table :

Table of Genera.

Face without carinas ; body not metallic 4,

Face with 2-4 carinas ; body usually metallic 2.

* Termcszetrajzi Flizetek, etc., XX., 1897, p. 602.

178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

2. Facial cariiic'e 2-4 and divergent anteriorly 3.

Facial carin;e 2 and convergent anteriorly.

Submedian cell in hind wings shorter than the median, the transverse
median nervure joining the median vein before the origin of the
cubitus, the discoidal transverse nervure present; anterior tibiaj with
a deep emargination just before apex ; hind tibice with the outer
edge serrate C/ialinns, Konow.

3. Face bicarinate ; discoidal cell peti'olate ; lanceolate cell widely

contracted Ophryjiopns, Konow.

Face quadricarinate ; discoidal cell sessile ; lanceolate cell petio-
late Mocsarya, Konow.

4. Front wings with the lanceolate cell longly contracted ; submedian cell

in hind wings much longer than the median, the transverse median
nervure uniting with the median vein far beyond the origin of the
cubitus; transverse discoidal nervure always wanting. 6>r_>'^i-«.f,Latreille.

Oryssus, Latreille.
The following is apparently an undescribed species new to our fauna:
Oryssus t/ioracictis, n. sp. — (^ . Length, 4.75 mm. Head, antennte
except the first five joints, the apical joint at apex, and the abdomen are
black, the thorax, first five joints of antennse with the apex of the last,and
the legs, red ; the anterior tibiae beneath are dusky with a white streak at
base ; the middle tibise have a white streak behind ; while hind tibife are
blackish, with a white streak at basal half behind. The wings are sub-
fuscous, paler toward base.

Hab. — Santa Cruz Mts., California.
Described from a single specimen.

Family IL — Siricid.*:.
This family is also widely distributed throughout the world, although
represented by comparatively few genera. The family may be separated
into two subfamilies as follows :

Table of Subfamilies.
First transverse cubitus usually originating from the basal nervure ; hind
wings with a complete anal cell ; hind tibi« with two apical

spurs Subfamily I., Siricinas.

First transverse cubitus not originating from the basal nervure, but from
the cubitus ; hind wings without a complete anal cell ; hind tibite
without or with only one apical spur Subfamily II., Tremecinfe.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179

Subfamily I. — Siricin^.

Table of Genera.

Third joint of antennai usually a little shorter than the fourth or not

longer ; process of the last dorsal abdominal segment long,

widened before apex ; head more or less marked with yellow or

white Sirex, Linne'.

Third joint of antennae longer than the fourth; process of the last dorsal

abdominal segment shorter, triangular, and equally thickened to

apex ; head wholly black or blue-black Paiirurus, Konow.

Faururus, Konow.

To this genus belong Uroccrus Abbottii, Kirby ; U. apicalis, Kirby ;
U. cyaneus, Fabr.; U. Edwards ii, Br.; U. gracilis, Westw.; U. hirsutus,
Kirby; U. nigricornis, Fabr.; and U. zonatus, Nort.

The following is new :

Paiirurus piiiicolus. n. sp. — $. Length to tip of process, 1S-19
mm.; to tip of ovipositor, 23-24 mm. Head, thorax and dorsal abdom-
inal segments 1-4, or at least more or less of the fourth, especially at the
sides, all ventral segments, sheaths of the ovipositor, and the legs, blue-
black ; rest of abdomen red. Process triangular, serrated at sides, its
tip and beneath blackish. Wings dark fuliginous ; the costal vein to
stigma and the stigma within, ferruginous ; rest of veins black or piceous.
AntenniB 19-jointed, black, a little longer than the head and thorax united.
The head and thorax are closely punctate, opaque and well clothed with
black pile.

Hab. — Jacksonville, Fla.; Washington, D. C; and Morgantown,
W. Va.

The specimens from West Virginia were sent me by Prof A. D.
Hopkins, who informed me he took them boring in pine ( Finus, sp.).
The others were captured by myself in November and December, several
years ago.

Subfamily H. — Tremecin^.

Table of Genera.

Front wings with four submarginal cells 2.

Front wings with three submarginal cells.

Antennae filiform, multiarticulate, the third joint longer than the
fourth; tarsi slender, cylindrical, the basal joint of hind tarsi
shorter than their tibicT Xeris, Costa.

180 THE CANADIAN KNTOMOLOGIST.

Antennae short, filiform, 5- or 6-jointed, the third joint shorter than
the fourth ; basal joint of hind tarsi longer than their tibise.much
flattened and produced outwardly at apex beyond the second

joint Teredon, Norton.

2. Antennae short and equally thickened or somewhat thicker before apex,
the third joint usually a little shorter than the fourth, or at least no
longer ; hind tarsi dilated in ^ Tremex, Jurine.

Xeris, ("osta.
To this genus belong Urocerus caiidatus, Cr. , and U. Morrisoni, Cr.
Family III. — Xiphydriid^.

Most European and American writers have placed these insects with
the Siricidae, but their habitus is quite different, and the characters used
in my table readily distinguish them from the true horntails.

The Swedish entomologist, C. G. Thomson, in 1871, first separated
them from the Siricidos as a distinct tribe, and in this he has been followed
by Cameron and Konow.

I have recognized two subfamilies separated as follows :

Table of Subfamilies.

Front wings with one submarginal cell Subfamily I., Derecyrtinse.

Front wings with two submarginal cells Subfamily II., Xiphydriinse.

Subfamily I. — Derecyrtin^.

This group is represented by a single genus, known at present to
occur only in Central and .South America.

Front wings with four submarginal cells Derecyrta, Smith.

Subfamily 11. — Xiphydriin/e.
Three distinct genera are now recognized in this group, all being
found in our fauna. They may be separated as follows :

Table of Genera.

Front wings with three submarginal cells 2.

Front wings with four submarginal cells.

Lanceolate cell contracted beyond the base and

closed Brachyxiphus, Philippi.

Lanceolate cell subcontracted, but still open. . .Xip/iydria, Latreille.
2. Lanceolate cell contracted and uniting beyond the

base Ko?iou'ia, Brauns.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181

Family IV. — Cephid/E.

This group was first treated as a distinct family l)y that master
systeniitist, A. H. Haliday, as early as 1839.

Dr. Von Dalle Torre has credited the grou]) to Westvvood, evidently
without having observed that Westw.ood, in his Introduction, merely
accepted the views of Haliday, treating the group, however, as a sub-
family instead of a family.

The genera have been recently tabulated by Konow as follows :

Table of Genera.

First joint of flagellum not or scarcely longer than the second, the

flagellum towards tip more or less clavate 5.

First joint of flagellum distinctly longer than the second, the flagellum
towards tip not thicker than at base.

Hind wings with a complete cubital eel! ; hind tibia' with one or

two spurs before tip 2.

Hind wings without a complete cubital cell ; hind tibia; without
spurs before tip ; last ventral abdominal segment in $ without
an emargination Caeiiocephus, Konow.

2. Antenna; thickened at the middle 3,

Antennae filiform, uniformly thickened, or with joints 3-5 slightly

compressed 4.

3. Abdomen short and thick, at the most about half the length of the

thorax ; antennae shorter than the head and thorax united, distinctly
thickened before tip ; last ventral segment in $ ending in a short
thickened knob, produced upwards into a distinct process, the

penultimate ventral segment normal Pachycephus, Stein,

Abdomen long, fully twice as long as the thorax ; antennae longer than
the head and thorax united, feebly thickened at the middle ; last
ventral segment in $ emarginate at apex, the penultimate with a trans-
verse impression, clothed with erect black bristles. . . Syrista, Konow.

4. Hind tibiae with a smgle spur before the tip ; antennc^ with joints

3 and 4, and sometimes 5, compressed, the following to apex, of

nearly an equal thickness Macroccp/ius, Schlecht.

Hind tibise with two spurs before the tip ; antennae rather slender,
filiform Janus, Stephens.

5. Pronotum quadrate, longer than wide, with the head thickly punctured,

flat, scarcely emarginate behind ; antenn:e long, very feebly thickened
toward apex : hind tibice usually with only one spur before the
tip Calavieuta, Konow.

182 THE CANADIAN EiNTOMOLOGIST.

Pronotum transverse.

Hind tibi^ with two spurs before the tip 6.

Hind tibiaj without or with only one spur before the tip 8.

6. Sheaths of ovipositor, seen from above, narrow, pointed, or of an equal

breadth to tips ; penultimate ventral segment in ^ without, or at the

most with a small brush-like apparatus 7.

Sheaths of ovipositor, seen from above, broadened toward tips-; two
penultimate ventral segments in (^ with brush-like

bristles Astatus, Panzer.

{? = Eversviatmella, Jukowlew.)

7. Sheaths of ovipositor of an equal breadtli or pointed at apex ; ,$

with the two i)enultimate ventral segments convex without

fovcifi Cep/ius, Latreille.

Sheaths of ovipositor broadened toward apex ; ,^ with the two penul-
timate ventral segments swollen before the hind margin, with fove!>^
filled with stiff bristles Trachclus, Latreille.

8. Hind tibiie with one spur before the tip ; ventral segments of $

normal, without special characters Monoplopus^ Konow.

Hind tibiie without a spur before the tip ; three penultimate ventral seg-
ments in ^ clothed with stiff brush-like hx\%\\&'n . .Ateuchopus., Konow.

Cep/ius, Latreille.
Cephus Graenicheri, n. sp. — $. Length, 11 mm. Black, shining;
antennae 20-jointed, ver}' slightly but gradually thickened toward apex ;
clypeus, except a median black spot anteriorly, a line beneath the eyes,
mandibles except teeth, palpi except the terminal joints, which are
dusky, a spot on front of tegular, two spots beneath on the upper angles
of episternum and mesopleura respectively, spots on the anterior and
middle coxae, and the hind coxa;, except a black spot within, yellow ; rest
of legs, except all the trochanters, tips of the joints of the anterior and
middle tarsi with their terminal joint entirely, apex of hind tibias*and
their tarsi, which are black or fuscous, reddish-yellow. Wings smoky
hyaline, the costa and the stigma yellowish, the latter with a longitudinal
dusky streak within ; rest of veins black or blackish. Abdomen longer
than the head and thorax united, compressed, black, with bands and
blotches polished, shining, impunctured, except some sparse, rather coarse
punctures on the first dorsal segment above, and some closer punctures
laterally at base of the second segment ; the second segment has an
obscure rufous spot on each side at base ; the third has a narrow

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183

yellowish band at base, shading inlo rufous at apex ; the fourth has a
yellowish blotch laterally towards the ventral surface ; the fifth is nar-
rowly yellowish at base, but laterally broadening to the venter, so that at
the sides near the venter, except an irregular triangular black mark which
encloses the spiracles, it appears almost entirely yellow ; the dorsal or
apical part of the segment is rufous ; the sixth has two small yellowish
marks above, but below or at the sides from the spiracles it is yellow ; the
seventh, except a spot at sides close to the venter, is black ; the eighth is
mostly black, with a large yellow spot at the reflexed apex, and a yellow
spot on the margin just below it ; venter black, except the terminal
segment laterally at apex and the margins of the hypopygium, which are
yellow ; hind tibiae with two spurs before apex.

Hab. — Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Described from a single ^ specimen taken by Dr. Sigmand
Graenicher, and in honour of whom the species is named.

THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF XIPHIDIUM IN THE
UNITED STATES AND CANADA.

BV SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

The following table, made as simple as possible, and based almost
exclusively upon the female sex, will serve to distinguish the species of
Xiphidium hitherto described or recorded from the United States and
Canada. It includes only the species of Xiphidium proper; /. e., those
of slender form with straight or nearly straight ovipositor, excluding the
stouter species with distinctly arcuate ovipositor, commonly referred to
Orchelimum, though both are classed together by Redtenbacher.

Table of the Described Species of Xiphidium.
a" Under side of hind femora armed with several spines ] ovipositor lon^^er

than hind femora ensiferum Scudder.

a- Under side of hind femora with at most a single spine.
b' Ovipositor at least half as long again as hind femora.

c' Tegmina much longer than body attenuatuin Scudder.

r Tegmina no longer than body.

d' Tegmina nearly or quite covering the

abdomen Scmhieri McNeill.

d- Tegmina scarcely longer than the pro-

notum stridum Scudder.

184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

b' Ovipositor at most but little longer than the hind femora.
c" Ovipositor as long as or longer than the hind femora.
(P Tegmina covering or almost covering the

abdomen iiigropleura Bruner.

d" Tegmina hardly or not longer than the

pronotum saltims Scudder.

r Ovipositor distinctly shorter than the hind femora.

if Tegmina much longer than the body, and wings still

longer fasciatwn DeGeer.

d' Tegmina not reaching tip of abdomen, and wings still
shorter.

(?' Ovipositor nearly or quite straight, and fully three-
fourths as long as hind femora.

f^ Larger; hind femora nearly or quite i6 mm.
long. Ovipositor attenuate at tip as much by
the curve of the upper as of the under

edge , gossypii Scudder.

f- Smaller; hind femora hardly or not exceed-
ing 13 mm. in length. Ovipositor attenuate
at tip by the curve of the under edge

only brevipenne Scudder.

r Ovipositor distinctly though feebly arcuate, and
less than three-fourths as long as the hind

femora Jiemorale Scudder.

It may be added that X. inodestutn Bruner (March, 1891), and X.
taeniatum Redtenbacher (July, 1891), are synonyms of X. saltam
Scudder (1872) ; and X. mrtipeniic Redtenbacher (1891), the same as
X. ncDiorale Scudder (1S75).

PHILANTHUS HENRICUS— (P. t53).
This species should be credited to Mr. Dunning alone; I neither
described nor named it. I did send Mr. Dunning a few Philanthidfe,with
MS. names and descriptive notes, and these, in the event of publication,
should be credited jointly ; but P. Jienricus is not my species in any
sense. The type specimen, I should add, was collected by Professor
Townsend. T. D. A. Cockerell.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185

SOME NEW SPIDERS.

BY NATHAN BANKS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Poecilocliroa minuta, n. sp.

Length ^ , 4 mm.; ceph. , 1.7 mm. long, i.i broad, patella plus tibia
IV., 1.6 mm. Cephalothorax uniform reddish yellow, legs and palpi a
trifle paler, except metatarsi IV. which are reddish brown ; sternum
yellowish ; abdomen black, with short white hairs and some longer black
ones at base ; venter with a pale streak each side ; spinnerets red-brown.
Head narrow ; posterior eye row slightly recurved, longer than anterior
row, the P. M. E. round, their diameter apart and as near the P. S. E. as
to each other, equal in size ; eyes of anterior row subequal, all close
together. No plate under fang of mandibles. Legs quite hairy, but the
scopulas not dense ; femora with three or four very large spines above,
each spine longer than the posterior eye row ; no spine above on tibia
IV., one below at tip of tibia I. Sternum narrow, nearly twice as long as
wide. Abdomen slender, no wider than cephalothorax, spinnerets
large, an interrupted ventral fold near their base. The tibia of the male
palpus has on the outer tip a large, stout, slightly curved projection one-
half the length of the tarsus and blunt pointed at tip ; the palpal organ is
swollen near middle, the style is short.

One male ; Brazos Co., Texas.
CybcEodes (?) incerta, n. sp.

Length $, 4.5 mm. Cephalothorax brownish yellow, darkest in
front and black around each eye ; mandibles rather darker than cephalo-
thorax ; legs and sternum pale yellowish, abdomen pale gray, thickly clothed
with rather long white hairs and longer black bristles, mostly at base.
Cephalothorax once and a half longer than wide, broad and low in front.
Eyes in two rows close to each other, hind row about straight, longer
than the anterior row ; the posterior eyes larger than the anterior eyes ;
P. M. E. closer to equal P. S. E. than to each other ; A. M. E. about as
close to each other as A. S. E., dark coloured. Clypeus narrow ; mandi-
bles large, porrect, slightly divergent, front margin with three teeth, hind
margin with two smaller teeth, fang long and stout ; maxillae twice as
long as broad, rounded at tip, scarcely inclined, plainly obliquely im-
pressed ; lip longer than broad, rounded at tip. Sternum longer than
broad, truncate in front, sides rounded ; legs rather large, of moderate
length ; all femora shorter than the cephalothorax, clothed with hairs and
spines, tibia 1. with one spine near base, two towards tip ; metatarsus I.

186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

with two near base, two near middle, and one at tip ; tibia II. with one
at base and one towards middle, three under metatarsus II.; tibise III.
and IV. witli (under) two very long ones at base, two long ones at
middle, and two much shorter at tip ; above with several ; metatarsi with
many long and stout spines ; three claws, the pair with teeth below.
Abdomen once and a half longer than broad ; spinnerets are before the
tip, two-jointed, lower pair the longest, at base between them is a hump,
and at base of this is a transverse furrow ; the epigynum shows a short,
spoon-shaped septum, leaving each side a curved reddish mark.

From debris on salt crust; Salton, Calif.; March, 1897. (H. G.
Hubbard.) I am uncertain of its position, but think it very near
Cybaodes.
Ther id 1211/1 cinctipes, n. sp.

Length cJ , 1.3 mm.; femur I., i.i mm. long. Cephalothorax yellow-
brown, margins black, blackish around eyes and extending back to the
dorsal groove ; abdomen mottled with black and white, two pairs of small
basal white spots, behind these a white stripe with serrate sides gradually
narrowing to the spinnerets ; sides with three or four white spots ; venter
black, with two prominent silvery spots ; sternum blackish ; legs white,
with black bands at ends of joints and on the middle of tibia I. Abdomen
moderately high, one and a half times as long as broad ; leg I. very long,
femur I. more than twice as long as femur III., tibia I. much longer than
the cephalothorax. The male palpal organ is short and compact. There
is a transverse mark across its base which has an upward projection near
its outer end ; a circular dark bulb is nearer the tip on the outer side, and
from it a slender dark tube extends below, across and upward toward
the tip, where it ends in a short, pointed sheath ; near base of the sheath
there arises a larger, curved, pointed process.

Brazos Co., Texas.
Theridmm subterraJieujn, n. sp.

Length $,3 mm.; tibia I., 1.8 mm. Pale yellowish, legs rather
darker, a dark trifurcate mark on the cephalothorax ; abdome-n gray,
with some blackish transverse patches in two rows on the dorsum.
Cephalothorax highest behind eye-region ; P. M. E. slightly farther from
each other than from the P. S. E. ; A. M. E. smaller and less than their
diameter apart ; legs quite long, femur I. longer than the cephalothorax,
abdomen sub-globose, longer than broad, and as high as broad, clothed
(as elsewhere) with long hairs. Epigynum shows a triangular area, with

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187

a slender point in front, behind is a transverse area pointed in front, and
in front are two dark spots connected to the posterior area by a reddish
line. Taken from graves, Washington, D. C. (Dr. Motter.)
Nesticus cavicola, n. sp.

Length $ , i.^ ™ni. Wholly pale whitish, clothed with long bristly
hairs. Cephalothorax rather short and broad ; six eyes, sub-equal in
size, A. M. E. not visible ; posterior row nearly straight, the P. M. E.
farther apart than from the P. S. E.; S. E. touching ; sternum broad,
sides rounded ; legs long, all femora longer than the cephalothorax, hairs
on legs longer than the diameter of the joints ; abdomen pointed behind,
one and a half times longer than broad. Femur of male palpus rather
long, palpal organ large, a projection of tibia broadest near tip and bifid,
one branch is cleft ; the style is long, curved around tip of bulb, from
the tip of bulb there projects outward a pointed spine, and below is
another projection tipped with a short black hook. From a cave,
Chiricahua Mts. (Wood Canon), Ariz., June, 1897. (H. E. Hubbard.)
Erigone aibescetis, n. sp.

Length $ , 1.8 mm. Cephalothorax, legs, mandibles, and sternum
uniform yellowish, abdomen uniform whitish gray ; eyes on black spots.
Head rather elevated ; posterior eye-row procurved, the P. M. E. about
as far from each other as from the equal P. S. E.; A. M. E. small, and
close together. Mandibles of moderate size, vertical, armed along their
lower front margin with several teeth, and behind with a row of denticles,
sternum broad, sides rounded, blunt pointed behind ; legs of moderate
length, with many hairs and a few spines, one above on tibia IV. ;
abdomen oviform, clothed with scattered stiff hairs, which arise from
minute yellowish dots ; epigynum shows two curved dark lines approach-
ing each other from behind, and a darkish spot outwards from their tips.
From the inside of coffins in graves opened during the transfer of a
cemetery, Washington, D. C. (Dr. Motter.)
Philodromus pacificus, n. sp.

Length^, 4.1 mm. Cephalothorax yellowish, darkest on the sides,
which are densely mottled and lineate with red-brown, a white \/ mark
on the middle with its apex near the dorsal groove, dorsum of abdomen
white, showing two basal pairs of yellowish muscular spots, sides of
abdomen broadly suffused with red-brown from base to tip, venter
whitish ; femora, patella;, and tibia: pale reddish brown above, lighter
below, distal joints yellowish. Sternum light yellowish, the body is full,

188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

quite broad and short. Eyes not widely separated, P. M. E. as close to
P. S. E. as to A. S. E., the A. M. E. are not very much nearer the A. S.
E. than to each other. Abdomen twice as long as the cephalothorax.
Femur II. longer than the cephalothorax. The epigynum shows an area
longer than broad, witli nearly parallell sides, divided by a rather narrow
septum widened at its tip, the apical part of the sides are dark circular,
and the basal part light and oval. Olynipia, Washington. (T. Kincaid.)

NOTES ON COLLECTING AT BLOOM.

BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.

At Brandon, Manitoba, in 1896, some very successful collecting
was done on the prairies and open hillsides surrounding the town.
Except in the valley of the Assiniboine River, which is still well wooded,
the country around Brandon is very open — regular prairie country — with,
of course, a good proportion under cultivation, it being one of the good
wheat-growing districts of Manitoba.

However, there is plenty of good collecting ground to be found in
almost any direction, and within a kw minutes' walk. A short account
of collecting at bloom may be of interest to our entomological readers,
especially to those who have never visited " the boundless prairies of the
West." Or there may be some who have had that pleasure, but have
never tried collecting in this way, for lack of opportunity.

In 1896, I was at Brandon from July 9th to August 4th, and in 1S97,
from August 5th to 28th.

In 1896, I had my first evening collecting on the 15th j in previous
years I had often collected off flowers towards dusk, and that was my
procedure on this evening. It was on my homeward way that the
inspiration came to me to sweep the clumps of bloom I came to, and
the result astonished me, and led to the practice of collecting in this way
on all available evenings.

It was quite too dark to see things moving on the wing or at rest
on the flowers, and the only way to find out the contents of the net, after
sweeping, was to hold it up against the sky line ; even then it was
generally impossible to tell what the catch consisted of, though the moths
in the net could be seen and counted. After sweeping a few heads of
bloom, it was nothing out of the way to find a dozen or more moths in
the net, and it was surprising how little struggling they did either in the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189

net or when bottled. Most of the Noctuids contented themselves with
crawling about the net, and quite a number feigned death ; the presence
of a Plusia in the net could almost always be told by the noise it made
in flying.

First bottling the lively ones as they flew u]) the side of the net, I
would then shake or gather the rest into a corner, and then, putting my
wide-mouthed bottle in, I would run it up the slope of the bottom side of
the net and everything would tumble or be scooped into it. Of course,
during the whole process the net had to be held up against the sky, and
I managed to keep it at the right elevation and steadiness by gripping
the end of the stick between my knees. This allowed me the free use
of both hands for securing the catch.

Even on quite cool evenings — when before dark hardly a thing had
been noticed on the wing — quite a number would still be swept off the
flowers, and they were even more sluggish than usual.

As in "sugaring," the number of species taken, outside of the
Noctuidse, did not amount to anything.

As the catch of the evening was, to a great extent, an unknown
quantity — as to the species taken, not the numbers — the anticipation of
the " output "' on arrival home was decidedly pleasurable, and, till the
novelty wore off, rather exciting.

Plusias were not taken in any great abundance by this method ; in
fact, the majority of those captured during my visit were netted before
dark.

The plants or flowers off which the moths were swept were as follows :

Wild bergamot or horsemint {Monarda fistulosa, var. mollis).

Scotch thistle {Cniais undulatus).

Spreading dogbane {Apocynum androscemifolium).

Wild sunflower {Helianthus r/g/dus).

Species of golden-rod, of which Sol/dago rigidus appeared the most
attractive.

Of the above, the wild bergamot, while it lasted, was, without doubt,
the most alluring. It seems to grow pretty generally over the prairie,
both in the open and in open bush, especially among clumps of silver-
bush.

Unfortunately, during my second visit very little of it remained in
bloom, but the wild sunflower was everywhere in profusion.

On July 15th I took my fust specimen of Plusia insolita, and on

190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the 25th, the second ; on July 23rd a Plusia biloba (such a beauty), and
on the 24th I secured Deva purpurigera.

In July, the most abundant Noctuids were : Noctua fetmica,
Carneades flavicollis (a good species) and tessellata, Hadena devastatrix,
and Leucania commoides ; and of these fiavicollis was easily the most
plentiful, and every evening, after the examination of the contents of the
bottles, it was thrown out by the score.

A few of the best captures in July were : Several species of Rhyn-
c/iagrotis; Noctua pat ef act a, 7i07-maniana and atricincta ; Carneades
pleuritica, basalts, sileiis and redimicula ; Afaftiestra piirpurissata ;
Orthosia Con?-adi ? and Ctccullia florea. In August, N'ociua collaris,
Hadena stipata and trans/rons, Oficocneinis atri/asciata, Caradrina
extimia, etc. ; and the following predominated then : Noctua baja, Feltia
subgothica and jacjilifera, and Car?ieades insulsa ; and a large, handsome
pyralid, Eurycreon stictica/is, was very common at flovvers at night, as
well as during the day.

Both Noctua collaris and Hadena transfrons seemed to have a
decided preference for Solidago rigidus.

At Winnipeg there is but little open prairie near the city, or easy of
access, consequently few attempts have been made at this style of
collecting. Mosquitoes, too, are much more in evidence here, and
evening collecting, for this reason, until well on in August, has to be
abandoned.

The Canada thistle {Cnicus arvensis) is a regular pest in and around
Winnipeg ; when in bloom it is very attractive. I have taken Plusia ni
and Californica off it (July 30th), and thyatiroides (Aug. 15th), in 1895,
and in 1896 (Aug. loth), Orthosia euroa was very common; by
sweeping after dark I secured this species in abundance, and only kept
a portion of those netted.

On August nth (1896), I got five specimens of Noctua collaris, all
off Solidago rigidus.

On August 1 8th and 24th (1896), I captured the same number of
Plusia thyatiroides o^ ^.XsW '^^''\\d sunHower {Helianthus scabra) growing
in dark woods near Elm Park. I was "sugaring" on these evenings,
and some of my sugared trees were within a few feet of the flowers, but
these Plusias ap[)arently were not attracted to the sugar in the least.

I have never yet captured a Plusia " at sugar," but others, who have
done more " sugaring " than I have, may have taken them in this way.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA. AND SPECIES OF THE
GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA.

BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
( Coiitiiiutd from page i6.f. )
DiASTICTIS BENIGNA, n. Sp.

Expands 23 mm. Palpi rather long, heavy, drooping, blue-gray;
front, thorax and abdomen blue-gray, the latter whitish lined posteriorly
on segments. Fore wings bluish-gray, lightest on middle field, mixed
with some black scales; basal line faint or obsolete, marked by a black
spot on costa ; middle line beginning with black spot at costa, then
through black lengthened discal spot, then obsolete ; outer line with
black spot at costa, otherwise obsolete ; outer field darker towards
margin, with a large brown submarginal shading between 3 and 5. Hind
wings even, smooth, blue-gray. Beneath dark bluish fuscous on all
wings, becoming blackish along outer margins ; costa of fore wings
speckled with black and gray.

Los Angeles Co., Cal. Type in National Museum. An insect very
much in appearance like the Eastern Afacaria ininorata, Pack., but the
fore wings are not falcate, the hind wings are not angled, and the palpi
are much longer and heavier. The antenna? of D. benigna, here
described, are wanting, so the generic reference cannot be certain ; but
as there is no hair pencil on hind tibia? in ^ , it cannot be either
Sciagraphia or Afacaria, as I define them. Type No. 3959.

DiASTICTIS SERICEATA, n. Sp.

Expands 24-26 mm. Palpi, front and thorax, white ; abdomen
white, with fuscous stain, with many intermixed black scales. Fore wings
white, with long light fuscous cross striations, which become many
exceedingly fine, yet sharply distinct, though often broken, cross lines,
giving an appearance of solid colour to the naked eye ; a black, geminate,
straight, basal cross line ; another outward, less distinct, also geminate,
nearly straight, with a band of reddish-brown between ; discal spots
black. Hind wings light fuscous, becoming grayish outwardly ; marginal
line of black spots on all wings. Beneath fuscous gray, coarsely striated
with fuscous on hind wings, outer margins darkest. The fore wings have
a smooth, silky appearance, with an apparent broad central band, even
in width across tiie wing.

Colorado Desert, from Hy. Edwards; Arizona, from Dr. Kunze'.
The latter taken from Aug. 29 to Sept. 9, 1896.

192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

JuBARELLA, n. gen.

Palpi light, small ; front quadrate, somewhat bulging ; antennas of <^
simple, flattened, very finely ciliate ; thorax light, tufted in front, patagise
long scaled ; abdomen slender, untufted ; wings broad, extended, even,
rounded; fore wings without fovea below in (f , 12 veins, 10 and 11
from cell, anastomosing with 12 and each other; hind wings, 8 veins, 5
undeveloped. Legs rather long, fore tibiae unarmed, hind tibiae with two
pairs of spurs, not swollen, without hair pencil. $ unknown, possibly
wingless.

JUBARELLA DANBYI, H. Sp.

Expands 48 mm. Palpi and front black : thorax black, tuftings
whitish at ends ; abdomen blackish-gray, interlined ; wings even, blue-
gray, with scattered black scales, these less and so the gray lighter in a
broad sinuous band beyond discal spot ; a brownish shading towards
apex and submarginally to inner margin ; discal spot white, with edging
cloud on fore wings, black and prominent on hind wings ; the hind wings
less blackened, and so generally lighter than fore wings ; fore wings with
black dashes on veins 3, 4, 5 and 6 on outer space, hind wings with row
of faint black dots outwardly on veins. Beneath gray-black striated ; fore
wings with black outer line, brownish near apex ; hind wings with outer
row of black spots.

Rossland, Brit. Col; from Mr. Danby. A rather lightly scaled insect
resembling Coniodes plumigeraria^ Hulst.
Spodoptera kunzei, n. sp.

Expands 25-28 mm. Palpi and front whitish ochreous ; antennae
fuscous ; all wings whitish, evenly overlaid with light fuscous striations,
without lines ; discal spots prominent, white by absence of striations ;
thorax and abdomen white or with a fuscous tint ; beneath a glistening
white, with a fuscous tint, with an ochreous shade along costa and
margins. The abdominal tuftings which mark the genus are prominent,
ochreous, shading to blackish.

Prescott and Senator, Ariz.; from Dr. Kunze, in whose honour the
specific name is given.

^THVCTERA LINEATA, n. sp.

Expands 35 mm. Front thorax and abdomen gray ; fore wings
whitish, with scattered black atoms, these heavier on costa and sub-
discal vein, making these distinctly apparent ; the scales darken by

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193

quantity into blackish lines between veins i and 2, 3 and 4, and 4 and 5,
the last reaching half the wing to outer margin; the second the heaviest
and black, but shortest ; the first nearly the whole length of the wing, and
lightest. Hind wings white, silky ; all wings thinly scaled, rather long and
narrow. Beneath more smoky, the fore wings with the markings above
fainter.

Glenmore Springs, Colorado ; from Dr. Barnes.
Alcis maestosa, n. sp.

Expands 33 mm. Palpi black below, ochre above; front fuscous
gray ; antennae dark fuscous ; thorax fuscous gray, mixed with blackish;
abdomen fuscous, blackish dorsally, and posteriorly on segments; wings
broad, even fuscous, mixed more or less with black, with many of the
scales loosely raised, and in the light showing as powdered white atoms ;
fore wings, basal line fine, black, rounded, somewhat angled at cell ;
outer line rather evenly wavy, fine, black, nearly parallel with outer
margin ; an outer line of intervenular blackish shadow spots, and a
corresponding marginal line connecting with black marginal points, the
veins on outer field being rather broadly smooth, fuscous in colour. Hind
wings corresponding with fore wings, the black being heavier and less
separate at veins, the basal line obsolete, the outer line wavy, dentate^
rounded ; the outer blackish spots edged outwardly with a dentate white
line ; marginal line of broken black spots ; all discal spots present,
black. Beneath fuscous blackish, the outer lines showing in black points
on veins, the outer margin darker fuscous ; discal spots present.

Label doubtful, either la. or Ga., probably the former ; taken
Apl. 22. Type in National Museum. Type No. 3942,

Alcis lallata, n. sp.

Expands 45-48 mm. Palpi and front blackish : thorax bluish-gray,
with black collar and edge to patagite ; abdomen fuscous, with black
scales mixed ; fore wings a bright blue-gray, with black shadings and
cross lines ; basal lines well out, fine, geminate, bent, waved ; a middle
blackish shading with strong outer sinus just below black discal spot ;
outer line bent outwardly beyond cell, rather evenly scalloped its
whole length ; an outer line of faint whitish lunules ; veins black at
ends ; hind wings gray fuscous, even, without lines, discal spots faint.
Beneath smooth, light fuscous, slightly darker towards margins.

Senator, Aug. 20 ; Prescott, July 9; and San Francisco Mts., Ariz,,
July 26 ; from Dr. Kunze.

194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Selidosema lachrvmosa, n. sp.

Expands 30 mm Palpi black, tipped with ochreous ; front black ;
thorax blackish fuscous ; abdomen blackish fuscous. All wings nearly-
uniform blackish fuscous, fore wnigs rather narrow, apex acute, outer
margin rounded, inner margin long ; inner line well out, rounded, a
sinus at cell opposite discal spot, and a less one at vein 2 : outer line
beginning on costa near apex, strongly sinuous, the largest sinus out-
wardly at vein 3, and a short, almost angular one close to inner margin,
whose middle the line reaches, or a little beyond it ; the lines are fine,
black, the outer faintly edged outwardly with gray ; a faint whitish, sub-
wavy, submarginal line nearly parallel with outer margin ; discal spot
rather large, oval, white. Hind wings triangular, both angles prominent
and sharp, outer margin irregularly wavy ; a faint discal shadow line ; an
outer fine, black, somewhat undulating line ; discal spot distinct, white ;
marginal lines on all wings fine, black, broken. Beneath almost even
blackish fuscous, smoother than above.

Los Angeles Co., Cal. ; taken in July.

ClEORA SUBAUSTRALIS, n. Sp.

Expands 42 mm. Palpi moderate, ascending, fuscous brown, black
in front and at end : front dark smoky fuscous ; summit fuscous brown ;
thorax dark fuscous, with a bluish tinge, behind lighter ; abdomen ochre
fuscous, stained and dotted dorsally with blackish, incompletely inter-
lining the segments. Wings light brownish ochre, heavily and quite
evenly overlaid with blackish patches and striations, giving a generally
mottled appearance, enough separated basally and outwardly to give
faint indications of rounded sinuate lines of ground colour ; a lighter spot
outwardly at vein 3 ; a large, lengthened, black discal spot, and a
marginal line of rather heavy intervenular black points. Hind wings
corresponding to fore wings, a lighter spot at vein 3, a faint zigzag lighter
outer line, a lengthened black discal spot, and a line of black intervenular
lunules. Beneath even light ochre brown ; fore wings darkened basally
along costa, and outwardly below apex ; discal spots on all wings, long,
black; some faint blackish stria; scattered on foie wings.

Cocoanut Grove, Florida. National Museum collection. The
generic reference is provisional. Type No. 3960.
Cleora pedicellata, n. sp.

Expands 43 mm. Palpi rather long, porrect, rather slender, ochre,
heavily marked with black, last segment black ; front tufted, ochre

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195

fuscous below, black at middle, and stained with reddish above ; antennae
dentate, with two slender spines, quite long, from each segment, ochre
brown, ringed with black : thorax ochre brown, mixed with blackish ;
abdomen ochre brown, the segments lined with black. Fore wings
ochre brown, somewhat marked with black ; basal line indeterminate,
two outer lines quite oblique, wavy jagged, definite only on posterior
half of wing, and anteriorly shown by venular spots ; an outer
submarginal line of black intervenular spots, this followed by a second
quite indeterminate ; black, large, rounded discal spot, and a marginal
row of intervenular black spots ; hind wings colour of fore wings,
with seven blackish cross lines, the fifth from base being finer, more
distinct, and more irregular than the others, which are quite even and
subparallel ; discal spot black, rather large, with a whitish lunule within ;
marginal line black, of scarcely confluent marks, each with an inner
white edging. Beneath very much as above, but with a strong reddish
tinge, the lines less distinct, and with an outer row of black spots on
both wings. The wings above have scattered, pedicellate, upright
scales, black at ends, and generally white on lower half; these form
a distinct tuft at the discal spots on all wings above.

Cocoanut Grove, Florida. National Museum collection. I have
the female only. The insect probably represents a very distinct new
genus. Type No. 3958.

SelidoseiMA CONFIGUR.A.TA, n. sp.

Expands 40 mm. Palpi and front blackish ; thorax gray ; abdomen
ochre-gray, with dark fuscous interlining and dorsally ; fore wings gray,
with a bluish tint," with some washing of fuscous and scattered black
scales ; lines black, distinct ; basal rounded, with a black dot within it
at cell : middle line passing through large black discal spot, sinuous to
inner margin ; outer line very distinct, bent out sharply at cell, then
rounded back subparallel with outer margin, coalescing between i and 2
with middle line, then separating to margin, outwardly last half with
heavy shadowing ; a subapical black dash ; lines outwardly a little
brownish ; margin a little wavy, line black, heavier at ends of veins ;
hind wings, gray ; a straight basal line, a distinct black extradiscal
rounded line, and a submarginal shadow ; margin somewhat wavy, black
lined; beneath light fuscous, even in colour, the lines finely, but distinctly,
produced.

Colorado ; from Dr. Gillette.

[to be continued.]

196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BOOK NOTICE.

Twenty-first Report of Observations on Injurious Insects and
Common Farm Pests During the Year .1897, with Methods of
Prevention and Remedy. — By Eleanor A. Ormerod, London :
Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1898 (is. 6d.), pp. 160.
We beg to offer our hearty congratulations to Miss Ormerod on the
publication of the twenty-first of her annual reports. Twenty-one years
is a long period for anyone to carry on a laborious work, but this talented
and indefatigable lady has not only accomplished a most valuable and
important work, she has done so without any assistance except that of her
late lamented sister, and entirely at her own expense. On this side of the
Atlantic reports of this character are published by the Government of the
Province or State to which they belong, but in England no official recog-
nition has been shown, and though the country has undoubtedly been
saved hundreds of thousands of pounds by the instructions given in these
Reports to the farmers and gardeners of Great Britain, whereby they have
been able to intelligently cope with their insect foes, and employ the best
methods of prevention of their attacks, yet no aid has been afforded her
from the public purse. No recognition of the immense value of her work
has been vouchsafed by the powers that be. But while officially ignored,
Miss Ormerod's name and work are held in the highest honour throughout
Great Britain, and treated by the press in every department with the
utmost respect; and in many British colonies and several foreign countries
her name is widely known and her talents fully recognized.

A single observer, however able and industrious, could not possibly
pay attention to all the manifestations of insect injury throughout the
British Isles, but Miss Ormerod has by degrees gathered together a corps
of observers in every county and district throughout the United Kingdom,
and is kept closely informed of all that causes injury or loss to crops or
fruit, and to live stock as well. During the past year she received about
3,000 letters on entomological subjects, and with the aid of a secretary was
enabled to attend to them all. She thus conducts at her own charges
what ought to be a Division of Entomology in the Department of Agricul-
ture at London.

In the report before us, thirty-six species of insects are dealt with and
figured, their ravages described, and methods of prevention and remedy
fully given. Several of them are familiar to us on this side of the Atlantic;
e. g., Apple Codling Moth, Cockroaches, Xyleborus xylograpJius, Medi-
terranean Flour Moth {Ephestia kuhniella), etc.

From the care and accuracy which characterize her descriptions and
figures. Miss Ormerod's work is of permanent value to economic entomol-
ogists everywhere, and her reports are always received with welcome and
gratitude by those who have the good fortune to obtain them. That she
may long be spared to carry on her admirable work is the earnest aspira-
tion of her many friends. C. J. S. B.

Mailed Tuly 6th, 1898.

CAN. ENT., VOL. XXX

""-v

ASEMOPLUS NUDUS. NOV. SP.

l\t imnlmi Xntoinalo^bt

Vol. XXX. LONDON, AUGUST, 1898. No. 8.

A NEW ALPINE GRASSHOPPER FROM WESTERN CANADA.

I!Y E. M. WALKER, TORONTO.

Among a large number of Orthoptera taken by myself during a trip
to the Pacific Coast by the Canadian Pacific Railway there is one
species belonging to the Melanopli which I was unable to determine
from Scudder's " Revision " of the group, and could not even satisfy
myself as to its generic place. I theret'ore sent a pair to Mr. Scudder, who
informed me that it was a new species of Asemoplus, but that a change
would be necessary in the description of that genus as given in his
" Revision of the Melanopli " in order to receive my species. I had
noticed the resemblance to Aseinophis in the extremity of the male
abdomen, but the total absence of tegmina and other points of dis-
similarity caused my uncertainty regarding its true generic position.

I have accordingly prepared the following description taken from
3 (J 's and 5 9*5, of which 2 (^ 's and r $ were taken near Sandon, B. C,
in the Gold Range, and the others on Mt. Piron, near Laggan, Alberta.
Asemophis nudus, n. sp.

Rather stout and strongly built ; tegmina and wings entirely absent ;
dull olivaceous above in the ? , black with two longitudinal dorsal yellow
stripes in the $ .

Frontal costa not prominent, fading before the clypeus, equal,
sulcate at and below the ocellus, or sometimes throughout in the male, a
little wider than the first antennal joint in the ^ , about half as wide
again in the $ . Vertex a little tumid, scarcely raised above the
pronotum ; fastigium rather steeply declivent, very slightly arcuate,
about on a level with the eyes or sometimes a little below in the S »
feebly depressed, considerably expanded anteriorly.

Interspace between the eyes half as broad again in the ^ , twice
as broad in the ? as the first antennal joint. Eyes rather small, a little
prominent in the ^J , but little longer than broad, subtruncate anteriorly,
about as long as the infra-ocular portion of the gen;u. Antennae shorter
than the hind femora, in the ^ about as long as the head and pronotum,

108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in the (^ nearly half as long again. Pronotum rather short, the sides
nearly parallfl in the S , l->ut considerably divergent in the $ , so that the
posterior border is more than one-third as long again as the anterior.
Disk broadly convex, passing into the nearly vertical lateral lobes with-
out a trace of lateral carina. Prozona a little more than twice as long
as the metazona, quadrate or slightly tranverse in the ? . Anterior and
posterior margins of the disk truncate, the latter slightly emarginate.
Median carina slight, nearly obliterated on the prozona, but distinct on
the metazona. Posterior margins of lateral lobes but little oblique,
forming a decided angle with the lower margin. Prosternal spine nearly
vertical, short, conical, not very blunt. Interspace between the
mesosternal lobes in the ^ nearly half as broad again as long and nearly
or quite as broad as the lobes themselves, in the $ twice as broad as
long and distinctly broader than the lobes. Metasternal lobes rather
distant in the ,^ , more distant than the width of the frontal costa in the
? . Legs rather stout ; fore and middle femora tumid in the ^ .
Abdomen with a distinct median carina. Extremity in the ^ feebly
clavate and a little upturned. Supra-anal plate three-fourths as broad at
the base as long, triangular with an obtusangulate apex ; sides gently
emarginate, considerably elevated, median sulcus nearly percurrent,
moderately deep, its bounding walls about as much elevated as the sides.
Furcula consisting of a pair of minute rounded tubercles. In one
specimen, which is the one figured, it is quite distinct and much better
developed than in the others, in which it is almost obsolete. Cerci
distinctly shorter than the supra-anal plate, about twice as long as the
width at the base, compressed, styliform, tapering a little more rapidly
in the basal than in the apical half Subgenital plate rather large,
conical, apical margins not elevated above the lateral margins, the latter'
parallel on their basal half, but narrowing beyond to the small mesially
notched apex. Upper valves of ovipositor rather short, not narrowed at
base, slightly falciform apically. In the specimen shown on the plate
they are more than normally exserted.

Colour of Dried Specimens. — Female : Dull, rather dark olivaceous
above, dull yellow tinged with olivaceous beneath. Face and lower
half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum yellowish-green or olivaceous,
more or less clouded with grayish olivaceous, especially on the clypeus
and labrum ; a broad piceous band starts from the middle of the
posterior border of the eye, passes over the upper half of the pateral

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199

lobes of the pronotum, then broadens until it reaches the abdomen,
thence gradually narrowing until it disappears at about the last segment.
Behind the pronotum it changes from shining piceous to rather dull
black. Antenna? olivaceo-fuscous, paler at the base. Fore and middle
legs olivaceo-fuscous, yellowish beneath. Hind femora reddish-brown
internally, dull orange beneath, dull fuscous externally, with little or no
indication of fascia above. Hind tibiae luteous, more or less clouded
with olivaceous, and all the colours are darker and duller than in the other
specimens.

The male differs in coloration as follows : It is black above, with
the exception of a moderately broad, bright yellow stripe running' from
the upper posterior corner of each eye, along the dorsum of the
pronotum just above the lateral lobes and along the abdomen to the
last dorsal segment. On the abdomen they are separated by a space of
about the width of one of the bands, and are narrowly interrupted at the
base of each segment. The black lateral band is much better defined
than in the 9 , and on the abdomen is sharply separated from the bright
yellow venter. The markings are in general more distinct and the
colours brighter than in the female.

Length of body : c?, ,6 mm.-iS.s mm.; ?, 22.5 mm.-ss.,- mm.

Length of antennae : c? , 7 mm.-S mm.; ? , 5 mm.-8 mm.

Length of head and pronotum: S, 5 mm.-5.8 mm.; $, 6 mm -
7.5 mm. ^

Length of hind femora: ^,8.5 mm.-io mm.; $, 10.5 mm.-ii.3 mm.

The three specimens from Sandon were taken on the grassy path
of a snowslide, at an elevation of about 2,600 feet, on September 16
1897; while those from Mt. Piron were captured on September 19, 1897^
at about 7,000 feet, being above timber-line.

In the accompanying plate (A) is a lateral view of the $ (B) a
dorsal view of the ^, (C) and (D) are respectively lateral and 'dorsal
views of the male abdominal appendages.

A NEW CYCHRINID.

BY THE KEY. J. H. KEEN, MASSETT, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, B. C.

This fine plum-coloured beetle— superficially resembling Cjc/irus
marg/na/us ~ ^vas laken by me in 1896, and kindly named for me by
Captain Casey, whose description of it, published in his Coleoptero-
log.cal Notices, No. VII, page 334, I take the liberty of transcribing

200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

below for the benefit of Canadian students who may not see Captain
Casey's books. The beetle occurs sparingly, under loose bark or under
logs on the ground, along the mainland of British Columbia from Fort
Simpson to Rivers Inlet, and probably farther, if sought for. I have
never met with a specimen on the (^ueen Charlotte Islands.

The following is Capt. Casey's description :

'■'■ Brennus insularis, n. sp. — Elongate, rather feebly ventricose,
shining throughout, black throughout the body and legs, the elytra
rather dusky cupreo-violaceous, with narrow and bright aeneous side
margins. Head rather stout, moderately elongate, the vertex almost
smooth, the broadly impressed transverse nuchal constriction rather
pronounced ; genje feebly developed, with the angular notch small and
inconspicuous; supra-orbital ridges moderately strong and inwardly
inclined at the antennae, fine posteriorly ; antennae slender, moderate in
length, the basal joint distinctly thicker, claviform, not as long as the
next two, the seta at apical eighth. Piothorax well developed, scarcely
as long as wide, moderately dilated and broadly rounded throughout
anteriorly, the sides not more strongly rounded before, but becoming
gradually oblique behind ; the middle, to the base, with a scarcely visible
ante-basal sinuation ; angles much more than right, and bluntly rounded ;
base wide, m3rc than half the maximum width and fully as wide as the
head ; disk feebly convex, the median line strong ; sublateral impressions
deep,«extending far before the middle ; reflexed margins rather fine.
Elytra elongate-ellii^tical, fully half longer than wide, nearly three and a
half times as long as the prothorax and two and a third times as wide ;
humeri evenly and obliquely rounded ; reflexed margins ample but
rather finely punctate ; disk strongly, evenly convex, the strise deep and
broadly impressed, rather uneven, obscurely punctate, readily traceable
throughout the width, the intervals convex, much broken uj) toward the
sides and finely so toward the apex, l-egs very slender. Length 17.5
mm.; width 6.8 mm.

"Queen Charlotte Islands. [This is an error. See above. — J. H. K.]

"This fine species is founded upon a single perfect specimen recently
sent to me by Mr. Fletcher and probably taken by Mr. Keen. It is a
female, but the species will be readily known from inarginatus by its
much larger size, more elongate and convex elytra, larger and less
posteriorly narrowed prothorax, with the sides less sinuate toward base,
and several other characters."

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201

NOTE ON THE DIURNALS.

BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., ROEMER MUSEUM, HILDESHEIM.

Mancipiiim brassicce. — Dr. Cliapman writes me that certain speci-
mens of this common species examined by him showed the very short
veinlet III. 3 + 4. This veinlet constantly diminishes in size, progressing
towards the tip of the wing to finally vanish, through many forms of
the Pieridce. I had indeed expected it to be occasionally persistent
in brassicce, although my preparations did not show it. It has disap-
peared in Pontia daplidice, in Natlialis iole, and, strange to say, in that
curious and now isolated Pie rid, Gonophlebia paradoxa. This varia-
bility, in one and the same species, is interesting because it follows the
general evolutionary direction of the changes in the venation. Always
the radial branches in the Pierids and other groups tend to diminish in
number. Always the disintegration of the Media advances, until it
finally disappears, as a system, from the surface of the \f\ng{RothschUdia,
Samia, Potatnis, etc.). A parallel case to that of brassicce. is offered by
Copismerinthus ocellata. In some specimens of this Hawk Moth, vein
IV, is still thrown off from the cross vein of the hind wings, instead of
the Radius, which it has usually ascended to beyond the cell. We must
regard these as instances of generalization in the individual, of a reversion
to what was formerly the rule and is now becoming, by slow degrees, the
exception. Mr. Scudder kindly informed me that he believed that slight
structural differences in all stages of brassicce could be demonstrated as
compared with the type of Pieris. In my studies I am mainly concerned
with the correct use of generic names extant in literature, without
attempting to judge of the comparative value of such differences ; if any
characters can be found I take them as generic if a title exists in litera-
ture. We may reasonably regard MancipiiDii as a development of Pieris
since it shows a further progress upon the same structural lines. I have
tried to show that Pontia ]:)re.sents a parallel advance, but upon a distinct
phylogenetic terminal line, belonging to the AntJiocliarini and not to
Pieris as heretofore classified. 'l"he five-branched Radius of Eicchloe
Stella has been reduced to four in Tetracharis cethiira, to three in Pontia
daplidice, whicii retains the x\nthocharid pattern and shape of wing.

Eximargareta coresia. — I have recently studied this South American
Nymphalid, which belongs taxonomically to the N'ymphaliiice, but differs
by position of the last radial branches, and can hardly be a member of
the phylogenetic group to wliich Limenitis and Nyinphalis lucilla

202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

belong, and which embraces also Basilarchia. Mr. W. F. Kirby writes
me that he cannot find that any new name has been proposed for
Megalura, Blanchard, 1840, preoccupied by Horsfteld, 1820, and
Agassiz, 1833. (See Scudder, Historical Sketch, 212.) I have accordingly
proposed the above generic title for the type coresia. What is relatively
unimportant at the present time seems to be a discussion of rules limiting
the application of the law of priority, all of which are arbitrary in their
nature and cannot compel universal consent. What appears to me of
greater practical value is the fixing of the types of existing generic titles,
so that the use of these by themselves, without mention of any species,
may be intelligible. The discord is already such that much of what has
been recently written by the systematists on the Diurnals cannot be
followed or clearly understood.

Issoria lathonia. — This is a distinct genus from Argyiinis aglaice,
in which type vein III, is appressed upon the Radius to a point beyond
the cell, while really arising at a point within the cell. In Issoria
this appression, which prepares us for the point of emission of
vein III, in Melitcea, has not taken place. In Issoria, vein III, is
brought nearer than in Brenthis hecate. These two types, Issoria and
Brenihis, appear more generalized than Argytuiis. Both in Dry as
paphia and in Acidalia niphe the appression has taken place as in
Argynnis, and I am at a loss to distinguish the genera from the neuration.
In the more specialized Agrau/is all the branches arise beyond the cell.
With the lengthening of the wing the radial veins tend to arise beyond
the cell and reproduce the character found in Leptidia and other " long-
wings." In Dione iuno, vein III, has not progressed so far beyond the
cell as in Agraulis vanillce. In Euptoieta claudia, vein III, has not
reached the extremity of the cell ; the cross vc^n is nearly vanished on
hind wings between IV, and cubitus, a specialization in the direction of
Melitcea. In Eitphydryas pliaeton the only deviation from the Melitcea
type is the very slightly more strongly retained cross vein on primaries.
This is hardly noticeable, and I am at a loss to distinguish the genus by
the neuration from Melitcea maturna. I can also not distinguish
Cinclidia. The genera Acidalia, Dryas, Eiipliydryas and Cinclidia do
not afford neurational characters by which they may be distinguished, the
two first from Argynnis, the two latter from Melitcea. In Fliyciodes
tharos, vein III, springs from Radius before extremity of cell ; vein
111 , as in Melitcea; vein III^ decidedly to apex of vving, as frequently

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203

occurs in the group of Ari^ynninL It has the Melitcea speciaUzed
character of the open cell on secondaries, but in the type of Mditcea
vein 1 11^ does not attain ajiex of wing, but falls below it. The
Melitceini are more specialized as a group than the Artrynnini. This
latter seems on the whole the generalized group of the Nymplialidcn
proper, and from the ancestors which the modern Fritillaries represent
may have sprung the holarctic Argynnince, and from these the Nympha-
lince. But the latter are, perhaps, not monophyletic ; at least the West
South American Eumari:;arcta excites doubts which do not arise from a
study of the South American genus Adclpha, wliich latter, no doubt,
belongs phylogenetically with the Old World At/iyiiia, although the
pattern differs. The dehnition of the Nyinphalince by the taxonomic
character of the coalescence of veins If. and III. of the hind wings up
to the point of the almost stationary I. (the " |)r;ecostal spur" of some
writers) ])robably throws together butterflies which have reached this
specialization by different routes.

Morphince. — My study of Morpho leads me to believe that the
group has sprung from the S.ityrid stem. It has attained the grade of
specialization of Melitcea, the cell on hind wings open. It would seem
that these butterflies are specialized Agapetidce, which have assumed the
habit of a more lofty flight. As a rule, the " tree" butterflies and moths
seem more specialized, and have probably everywhere appeared later
upon the scene.

CONCERNING XANTHORHOE GLACIALIS, Hulst.
Dr. Hulst describes the species and A'. /^//^?</a in May Can. Ent.,
p. 119. The National Museum has a long series of these (225 specimens),
very variable, but doubtless representing only a single species. In spite
of the label, I am of the opinion that Dr. Hulst's types are not American
specimens. Some bear a printed label "Alaska" and "Coll. C. V.
Riley"; others have a written label " Behring Island, Alaska"; and
others " Behring Island." I think the whole series were collected by Dr.
Stejneger at Behring Island, which is one of the Commander Islands off
the coast of Kamchatka, and has in general an Asiatic fauna. It is
unfortunate that these seductive little "Alaska" labels were used on the
specimens. However, the species is evidently American if the type
specimens are not, for we have one labelled "Aleutian Islands, Turner,
188 1," and another that I take to be the same (a ? , and rubbed), from
" Nushargak River, Alaska, Aug. 14, i88i, McKay collector."

H.AKRISON G. DyaR.

204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DEIDAMIA INSCRIPTA, Harr.
In the early part of May last, on meeting Mr. Bice he had the agree-
able information to convey to me that he had taken a Sphinx that was
new to him. Upon looking at it I at once suspected that it was new
to me also ; and on investigation proved the correctness of the im-
pression. Its small size, strikingly Snierinthoid form of primaries,
peculiar olive-gray colour and distinctly outlined ornamentation made
it easy to determine.

Prof Fernald gives, in his "Sphingidse of New England," the follow-
ing brief, but clear and unmistakable, description of the species :

" Expanse of wings, two inches. The head and thorax are grayish-
brown, with a double, curved, white line, edged with brown across the
prothorax, behind which are two other curved lines, one on the middle
and the other on the hinder j^art of the thorax. The abdomen is ashy,
and has two rows of dark brown spots. The fore wings are ashy-gray at
base, in the middle and toward the apex. Three brownish bands cross
the wings before the middle, another angulated band crosses beyond the
end of the cell, and the outer border of the wing has two dark brown
lunules on the margin below the apex, before the second of which is a
third spot, with more or less white between. The discal spot is paler
than the ground colour of the wing. The hind wings are of a dull
reddish-brown colour, with a dusky terminal band, which grows narrow
toward the anal angle. Fringes white. The mature larva is two inches
long, of a fine green colour, and the body tapers from the third segment
toward the head. The caudal horn is whitish at the tip. They go
into the ground (not very deep), and transform into very dark brown
pupse, with the tongue-case a short elevated ridge ; a short central spine
at the end of the head and a spinous tubercle on each of the eye-cases.
Feeds on the leaves of grape and Virginia creeper."

Mr. Grote says : " No known Smerinthoid feeds on the grape." He
gives the habitat as " Canada to Virginia." To which Dr. J. B. Smith
adds, "Westward to the Mississippi Valley." He also says, "The
species is by no means common." It is figured, in Strecker's Lep. Rho.
et. Het., Plate XIII., Fig. 8.

This is the fourth Sphingid species that Mr. Bice has secured new
to the Society's collection.

J. Alston Moffat, London, Ont.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205

CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES,
OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(Paper No. 3.)
Family V. — Xyelid^.

No species seems to be known in this family outside of the European
and North American faunas, and very few species are described. The
group was first treated as a subfamily by Newman as early as 1834.

The imagoes appear very early in the year, or in February, March and
April, deposit their eggs and then disappear, the consequence being that
very few are taken and only a few of the commoner forms are known.
With more careful collecting early in the season, however, the probabilities
are that many more species will be discovered in our fauna.

The imagoes of three distinct species of these insects, representing as
many genera, have been bred recently from the larvae by Dr. H. G. Dyar,
and we are not only indebted to him for the first authentic life-history of
a species in this group, but also for the first scientific description of the
larva. His recent discovery of a large undescribed species in the rare
genus Pleiironeura was most unexpected.

The known genera seem to fall into two well-marked natural groups,
distinguished by differences in both the front and hind wings, and which
are here treated as subfamilies.

Table of Subfamilies.

Front wings with the intercostal vein separated, not uniting with the
subcostal ; hind wings with two complete submarginal cells and one
discoidal cell ; ovipositor hardly half the length of the abdo-
men Subfamily I., Macroxyelinse.

Front wings with the intercostal vein uniting with the subcostal ; hind
wings with one complete submarginal and one discoidal cell; oviposi-
tor as long or longer than the abdomen Subfamily H., Xyelinai.

Subfamily I. — Macroxyelin.e.

The imagoes of this group are very much larger than those in the
Xye/ince, and are readily distinguished by the distinctly separated inter-
costal vein, as hv the Lydince, and their much shorter ovipositor, while
their larvae seem to be strictly external feeders.

I.

206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The genera now known may be separated as follows :
Table of Genera.

Antenna 10-12 jointed 2.

Antennae 9-jointed, the six terminal joints very short, together not
longer than the scape and less than half the length of the third
joint ; clypeus with a median emargination ; claws with an erect

tooth before lip Afacroxye/a, Kirby.

2. Clypeus anteriorly triangularly produced at the middle ; all tibia? very
spinous, the hind tibiie with four lateral spurs beneath.

Claws cleft; antennae lo-ii jointed (the tenth sometimes

divided into two joints), the seven or eight terminal joints

very short, together not longer than the scape or less than

one-fourth the length of the third joint ; only one transverse

radial nervure joining the second cubital cell. Megaxyela,K%\\m.

Claws with a large erect tooth before the middle; antennae

i2-jointed, the nine terminal joints much shortened, together

much shorter than the third joint; both transverse radial

nervures joining the second cubital cqW.. Pieiironcura, Konow.

Subfamily II. — Xyelin.e.

The species at present known in this group are very small and are

readily distinguished by having the intercostal vein united with the

subcostal, by having only one complete submarginal cell in the hind

wings, and by the longer ovipositor. Their larva^ are apparently internal

feeders.

Only two genera are known, separated as follows :
Table of Genera.
Antenna? 1 2-jointed, the nine terminal joints slender, lengthened, together
as long or longer than the third joint ; claws long, slender, with a
very minute, nearly obsolete, tooth beneath, a little beyond the middle.
Front wings with both transverse radial nervures received by the
second cubital cell, rarely with the second transverse radius inter-
stitial ; clypeus with a median ridge, which is slightly extended
beyond the anterior margin, but scarcely triangularly pro-
duced Maiioxye/a, Ashm.

Front wings with the first transverse radial nervure received by the
second cubital cell, the second transverse radius received by the
third cubital cell ; clypeus anteriorly triangularly produced
medially Xyela, Dalman.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207

Family VI., Lydid^e.
The genera in this family have been revised recently by Mr. F. \\\
Konow,* who treats the gr(jup as a tribe, dividing it into two subtribes, (i)
Megalodo)itides and (2) Lydides. He recognizes eight genera, but some
of these he again divides into subgenera.

Believing that these insects represent a distinct family, I have here
recognized his subtribes as subfamilies, and his subgenera as genera.

In my table of families I overlooked the fact that the .]fegalodoniides
(exotic species) had no distinct intercostal vein, so that line 2, page 144,
should be amended to read : Costal cell most frequently with an inter-
costal cell.

The following tables are based mainly upon those of Konow's,
although I have made some changes, and used some characters not
mentioned by him, which, it is believed, will render the genera much
more readily distinguishable. All of them are known to me, except
MeUifiopiis and Tristactus.

Table of Subfamilies.
Head usually without the two longitudinal grooved line's on the vertex,
or with only traces of them ; antennae with the middle joints de-
pressed or concave beneath, with more or less distinct branches
or processes ; front wings without an intercostal vein, or it is only
indicated by a streak ; cubitus originating from the middle of the
basal nervure ; second dorsal segment of abdomen entire, without a

median slit Subfamily I., Megalodontina?.

Head always with two distinct longitudinally grooved lines on vertex ;
antenuce filifoim, simple; front wings with an intercostal vein;
cubitus originating from the apexf of the basal nervure or from the
costal vein ; second dorsal segment of abdomen emarginate or with
a median slit Subfamily II., Lydinge.

Subfamily I. — Meoalodontin.f.
This group or subfamily, so far as I know, has no representative in
our fauna. It is more particularly confined to the Asiatic fauna, a few
species only being found in Europe, while but a single species has been
recorded from Africa.

'Annelendes K. K. Naturh. Hofm., XII., 1897, Heft I.

tKonow says from the haw, but in this he is in error, since the basal nervure in
reality represents a fork of the median vein and originates from that vein and not from
the subcostal vein, as his language would seem to imply.

208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

It is quite probable, however, that species will yet be discovered in
our fauna, especially in the unexplored regions of Alaska and British
Columbia.

The four genera recognized by Konow may be distinguished by the
aid of the following table :

Table of Genera.
Flagellum with joints 2-13 of an unequal length, gradually decreasing in
length, the middle joints without long, compressed, subfoliaceous

processes 2.

Flagellum with joints 2-13 of an equal length, or nearly so, the middle
joints with long, compressed, subfoliaceous processes or branches.
Process of the first flagellar joint at least as long as the two follow-
ing joints united, or longer; penultimate antennal joint longer

than the second Rhipidioceros, Konow,

Process of the first flagellar joint shorter than the two following
joints united, usually shorter than the second joint ; penultimate

antennal joint shorter than the second Megalodofites, Latreille.

2. Antenna; at least 20-jointed ; joints 4-9 in $, 3-13 in (? , at apex
obliquely truncate and somewhat produced, but vviih each process
compactly united with the following; the penultimate joint of labial

palpi shortened, triangular Mela?iopus, Konow.

Antennpe 13-14- jointed ; joints from fourth and beyond triangular,
almost truncate at apex ; penultimate joint of maxillary and labial
palpi triangular, much shorter than the last. . . . Tristactus, Konow.

Subfamily II. — Lydin^.
This subfamily is at once distinguished from the Megalodontince by
always having two parallel, deeply impressed lines on the vertex, and by.
the distinct intercostal vein in the front wings.

All of our species, so far discovered, belong in this subfamily, and
all of the genera, tabulated below, occur in our fauna, except Caenolyta
and Gongylocorisa.

The genera may be easily distinguished by the aid of the following

table :

Table of Genera.

Claws cleft 3-

Claws not cleft, but with a small median or subapical tooth.

Anterior tibice without a lateral spur before apex 2.

Anterior tibice with a lateral spur before apex.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209

Temples immargined ; second transverse cubitus interstitial

with the transverse radius Lyda, P'abr!

Temples, at least below, sharply vadiXgxwtdi. .Itycorsia, Konovv.
Basal nervure uniting with the cubitus near its base ; second trans-
verse cubitus interstitial with the transverse radius or joining the

radius a little beyotid it Cephaleia, Panzer.

Basal nervure uniting with the subcostal vein in the angle formed by
the cubitus ; second transverse cubitus uniting with the radius

be/ore the transverse radius Ccenolyda, Konow.

Intercostal vein forked at apex, the outer branch attaining the costal
vein, the inner branch joining the subcostal vein and thus forming

two closed basal cells 4.

Intercostal vein with only the outer branch of the fork, therefore only
one closed basal cell ; basal nervure joining the cubitus near its
middle.

Temples posteriorly rounded ; transverse median nervure
present ; third antennal joint very long, as long as joints

4-9 or 10 united Gongylocorisa, Konovv.

Temples posteriorly sharply margined ; transverse median
nervure absent ; third antennal joint not or scarcely longer

than joints 4-6 united Neurotoma, Konow.

Basal nervure joining the cubitus near its base 5.

Basal nervure joining the subcostal vein at the origin of the cubitus
or in the angle formed by it ; first joint of flagellum scarcely as
long as joints 2-3 united ; temples acutely

margined Kelidoptera, Konow.

First joint of flagellum not or scarcely longer than the second, or at
least always much shorter than joints 2-3 united ; temples

margined PamphUms, Latreille.

First joint of flagellum as long or longer than joints 2-3 united; area
of vertex always longer than wide.

Head punctate, the temples margined ; second transverse
median nervure always received by the first discoidal cell

beyond its middle , Ihictroceros, Konovv.

Head polished, impunctate, the temples rounded behind,
immargined ; second transverse median nervure received by
the first discoidal cell at or before the

middle Liolyda, Ashm., n. g.

(Type L. frontalis, Westw. )

210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Family VII. — Hylotomin,-?-:.

All the species belonging in this group or subfamily have always
3-jointed antennae, the third joint in the female being simple, while in the
male it is most frequently forked. Sometimes it is simple in the male as
in the female, but in this case, however, it is as a rule more pointed at
apex and more densely pubescent.

The 3-jointed antennae readily distinguish the family, and must
always be depended upon, since otherwise it approaches, in its thoracic
and abdominal characters, very close to the Lophyridce, Perreyiidce
and the Selandriidce.

Since formulating my table for distinguishing the families I have
discovered a new genus without an anal cell.

The family may be divided into two subfamilies as follows :
Table of Subfamilies.
Front wings without a transverse nervure in the costal

cell Subfamily I., Schizocerinje.

Front wings with a transverse nervure in costal

cell Subfamily II., Hylotominye.

Subfamily I. — ScHizocERiN.ii.

This subfamily is readily distinguished by the absence of a costal
transverse nervure. It comprises by far the greater number of genera
and species, and is widely distributed throughout the globe, the species
found in the tropics being especially handsome.

The numerous genera may be easily recognized by the aid of the

following table ;

Table of Genera.

Marginal cell appendiculate 6. ■

Marginal cell not appendiculate.

Front wings with three submarginal cells 5.

Front wings with four submarginal cells (rarely with the first trans-
verse cubitus subobsolete) 2.

2. Lanceolate cell jietiolate, the small cell at base obliterated by the

short anal vein uniting with the median 3.

Lanceolate cell longly contracted, nearly petiolate, but always with
a small closed cell afl^ase.

Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures, or
the second recurrent is interstitial with the second transverse
cubitus 4.

THB CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 211

Second and third submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent
nervvire.

Head seen from in front usually much broader than
long ; 9 antenn:e slender filiform, ($ furcate.

Hind wings without an anal ceW. Sericocera, Brulle'.

Hind wings with an anal cell. . .Schizocera^ Latreille.

Head seen from in front not or scarcely broader than

long ; second submarginal cell along the radius not

longer than the third; hind wings with two discal cells ;

9 antenna.' subclavate, cT iwxzdXQ. . . Cyphotia, Dahlbom.

3- Second submarginal cell much longer than the third, the latter

quadrate; $ antennie filiform, ^ furcate Schizocera, Latreille.

4. Second submarginal cell receiving the first recurrent, ihe second
recurrent interstitial with the second transverse cubitus ; middle and
hind tibial with a lateral spur Scorbina, Lepel.

4. Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent neivures ; middle

and hind tibi;e without lateral spurs ; hind wings with two discal
cells ; mandibles simple Pseudocyphona, Ashm.,* n. g.

5. First submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures. 77/^/«^.y, Norton.
First and second submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent

nervure Sckizocera, Latr.

=^ Aiomocera, Say.
= SphecopJiihis., Prov.

6. Front wings with four submarginal cells ; if with three, which occurs

only in a single genus in the $^ the second transverse nervure
wanting 9.

Front wings with three submarginal cells, the first transverse cubitus
wanting.

First and second submarginal cell each receiving a recurrent

nervure 7.

First submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; hind
wings with two discal cells, the first (in reality the first sub-
marginal) about twice as long as the second. .Die/ocerus, Curtis.
Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent

nervures Topotrita, Kirby.

7. Middle and hind tibiae with a lateral spur. 8.

*Type P. Mexicana,

212 THE CANADIAN KNTU.M(.«LU(JlS'r.

Middle and liind tibiiv^ without a lateral spur ; hind wings with two
discal cells, the first much larger than the second.

Hind wings with a lanceolate cell Ftilia, Lepel.

( = Didymiai Lep.)
Hind wings without a lanceolate cell Gymnia., Spinola.

8. ^ Hind wings with two discal cells, the first much smaller than the

second, the anal cell present Trichorhac/tus, Kirby.

9. Second submarginal cell receiving two recurrent nervaires, or the

second recurrent is interstitial if.

Second and third submarginal cell each receiving a recurrent nervure ;
hind wings with two discal cells.

Hind and middle tibiae with lateral spurs 10.

Hind tibiae without lateral spurs.

Third submarginal cell much shorter than the second ; hind

wings without an anal cell IIe?nidiatitira, Kirby.

Third submarginal cell as long as the second or nearly so ;
hind wings with an anal cell Ai/ier?nanttis, Kirby.

10. Third submarginal cell shorter than the second ; hind wings with an

anal cell Caiopti/ia, Ashm., n. g.

fType C. Townsendi, Ashm.)

1 1. Hind tibi;e with apical spurs 12.

Hind tibiiv without apical spurs.

Head large, quadrate, the temples full and very broad ; mandibles
acute at tip ; tarsal joints very short, joints 2-5 trans-
verse Fac/iylota, Westwood.

12. Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; middle

and hind tibi^ without lateral spurs 13.

Second submarginal cell receiving only one recurrent nervure, the
second recurrent interstitial.

Middle and hind tibia; with a lateral spur; third submarginal
cell much larger than the first and much broader at apex than

the second Acafithoptenos^ Ashm,, n. g.

(A. Weithii, Ashm.)

13. First and third submarginal cells rather small, subequal, the second

elongate, the third quadrate or nearly so.

Claws simple Fienos, Norton.

Claws bifid Nematoneura, Andre'.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213

Third submarginal cell along the radius as long as the second, along
the cubitus only half its length, the third transverse cubitus
strongly curving outward and then upward ; marginal cell broadly
truncate at apex, so that with the long appendage it appears
almost two-celled ; hind wings with two discal cells, the second
only about half the length of the first ; claws cleft. J with only
three submarginal cells, the transverse cubitus entirely wanting,

antenna? furcate Neopti/ia, Ashm., n. g.

(Type N. mexicana, Ashm.)

Subfamily II. — Hylotomin^..
This group closely resembles the former, but the presence of a short
transverse nervure in the costal cell readily distinguishes it. It is a char-
acter common in the families which are to follow, and its position and
shape or direction appears to be of great taxonomic value.
The genera recognized may be separated as follows :
Table of Genera.

Marginal cell appendiculate 3.

Marginal cell not appendiculate 2.

2. Front wings with three submirginal cells, the first and second each

receiving a recurrent nervure ; middle and hind tibije without a
lateral spur; third antennal joint in ^ iar c2itQ... Mi crarge, Ashm., n. g.

(Type A. ruficollis, Nat.)

3. Cubitus originating from the apex of the basal nervure or in the angle

formed by it and the subcostal vein 4.

Cubitus originating from the subcostal vein more or less remote from
the apex of the basal nervure.

Front wings with four submarginal cells, the second and third

each receiving a recurrent nervure Hylotoma, Latreille.

(Section I.)

4. Front wings with four submarginal cells, the second and third each

receiving a recurrent nervure.

Hind wings with a lanceolate cell ; middle and hind tibi?e with

a lateral spur Hy/otoma, Latreille.

(Section II.)
Hind wings without a lanceolate cell ; middle and hind tibi^

without a lateral spur Gymnioptcrtis, Ashm., n. g.

(Type G. singularis, Ashm.)

214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE
GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA.

BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLY.V, N. V.

( Continued from pas;c iQj.)

Selidosema nigrescens, n. sp

Expands 31-33 mm. Palpi and front dark fuscous; antennse black
above, fuscous below ; thorax dark fuscous, patagia? lighter ; abdomen
dark even fuscous. All wings dark fuscous, made by heavy coalescing
striations of fuscous and blackish on a light fuscous ground ; basal line
black, quite distinct, rounded, wavy ; a median shade passing through
distinct black discal spot ; an outer black distinct cross line, continued
across hind wing, on fore wing sinuous, subparallel with outer margin,
on hind wing nearly or quite straight ; on fore wing beyond this line is a
broad reddish-brown band, not always clear, however, sometimes showing
faintly at middle of hind wing ; a submarginal row of light, not distinct,
lunules, edged within with darker; marginal lines black, distinct.
Beneath fuscous, with faint line shadows, and a dark shadow spot near
apex of fore wings.

San Antonio, Texas. The generic reference is provisional, as all the
specimens before me are females.

CONIODES PLU.MIGERARIA, Hulst.

This insect was described from the $ only as Boarmia plumi-
geraria, Ento. Am. III., 216, 1S87. I" Bull. No. 7, new series, U. S.
Dept. Agric, p. 64, 1S97, Mr. Coquillet publishes a life-history of the
insect, and gives us the information, apart from larval history, that the
female is wingless. I have received a specimen of the % from the-
National Museum collection, which I herewith describe.

Palpi short, rather light, separate, black or blackish-gray ; front
broad, black with a few gray scales ; tongue very short, weak ; thorax
blackish-gray, short, rather stout ; abdomen blackish-gray, very short and
heavy ; antennje filiform, blackish-gray, loosely scaled ; wings unde-
veloped, about as long as the thorax, blackish-gray, though lighter than
thorax and abdomen ; legs blackish-gray, rather long, slender, hind tibiae
with two pairs of spurs ; the abdomen is armed with chitinous spines, not
very stout, quite numerous over the whole segment, but hidden in the
covering scales. Upon closely examining the male I find that it also has
the abdomen armed with spines as in the female-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGlSt. 21 5

The insect, by the wingless female and as well the abdominal
armature, is allied very closely to the genera of the Phiga/ia group. The
genus Cotiiodes is, however, sufficiently distinct from Rhaphidodemas in
the almost obsolete tongue and the male antennae i)ectinated to the tip.

PHENGOMMAT.15A DISSIMILIS, H. SJ).

Expands t,t, mm. Palpi and front white ; thorax and abdomen
white ; all wings above and below of an even, smooth cream white, the
fore wings above being of a somewhat deeper shade.

Glenwood Springs, Colo. ; from Dr. Barnes.

RiPULA VESTALIS, n. sp

Expands 40-42 mm. Palpi whitish below^ black above; front
black, or white below, black above, thorax, abdomen and all wings,
above and below, pure, unbroken, silky white ; antennae fuscous, fore and
middle legs black at end of femora, otherwise pure white, except some
black on tibial epiphysis of fore legs.

South Florida ; from Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

TmERINA PUNCTATA, n. sp.

Expands 42 mm. Palpi very short, fuscous ; front fuscous ochre,
bright reddish ochre at summit; thorax, and abdomen light fuscous ochre ;
fore wings ochre, with fuscous striations, veins with an orange-ochre
shade; inner line of blackish points, not distinct; outer line of black
points, with an outer orange shading, sinuous, subparallel with outer
margin ; discal spot faint ; hind wings ochre, with faint cross line ;
beneath even ochre yellow with fuscous tinge, lines and spots obsolete.

Glenwood Springs, Colorado : from Dr. Barnes. Near T. vitrifia,
Grt., but much larger, wings more extended, much more thickly scaled,
and outer line much more sinuous.

Neoterpes ephelidaria, var. Kunzei, n. var.

I have received from Dr. Kunzc a number of specimens of JV. ephel-
idaria, Hulst, in which the whitish colour of the fore wings is replaced
with yellow, varying somewhat in Ijrightness. The specimens vary also
in the lines, in the most these being (juite evident as in N. ep/ielidaria,
but in some specimens they are almost obsolete. In one case the fore
wings approach N. Edwardsata, Pack., in appearance in some of its
lighter marked forms. It may, therefore, be a variety connecting the
two species.

216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

EUGONOBAPTA CONSTANS, 11. Sp.

Expands 32 mm. Palpi fuscous, tipped with wliite ; front gray ;
thorax and abdomen clay colour, the latter more ochreous ; fore wings
broad, falcate, angulate at vein 4, dull clay colour, more or less stained
and striated with fuscous, this darkening into a rounded indeterminate
basal band, and a better marked, though still indefinite, outer band
running nearly to apex ; margin ochre-clay colour ; hind wings strongly
angled at vein 4, of the same colour as fore wings, outer band continued
from and like that of fore wings, and a faint submarginal shading;
discal spots on all wings of dark points ; beneath as above, the colours
sharper, and the lines somewhat more determinate.

Prescott, Ariz.; from Dr. Kunze ; taken Aug., 1896.

EUGONOBAPTA OCHREATA, n. Sp.

Expands ^^ mm. Size and shape of £. cotistajis, Hulst. Colour
bright ochre, clear and even ; inner line reddish-ochre, faint ; outer line
reddish-ochre, fine, subparallel with margin ; beyond outer line a row
of blackish blotches ; hind wings colour of fore wings, outer line the same,
nearly straight, and at middle of wings, with two or three blackish
blotches beyond towards inner margin ; beneath bright ochre, outer line
scarcely showing, the blotches obsolete.

Senator, Ariz.; from Dr. Kunze'; taken Aug. 20, 1896.

Slossonia, n. gen.

Palpi long, extended, beaklike ; tongue very short, weak ; front
tufted ; antennae bipectinate in $ , apex simple, serrate in 9 ; thorax and
abdomen untufted ; fore tibite unarmed ; hind tibiae swollen, without
hair pencil, with two pairs of spurs ; fore wings angulate in ^ , rounded
and subfalcate in $ , without fovea below in (^ ; 12 veins : 3 and 4 separate,
5 near middle of cell 3 6 separate from 7 ; 10 and 11 from cell separate
from 9 and 12 : hind wings, 5 obsolete, 6 and 7 separate, 8 separate
from cell. Type S. rubrotincta, Hulst.

The $ of the type is wanting ; the determination of the 9 is from
S. latipeiinis, Hulst, which, as the $ is not known, may not belong here.

This generic name is wich very great pleasure given in honour of
Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, of New York, who has not only added
very greatly to our knowledge of the American insect world, especially of
Southern Florida and the White Mountains of New Hampshire, but has
herself also done some excellent descriptive and critical work. To this I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217

may add my appreciation of her charming personaHty, of her high stand-
ing as an author in the hterary world, and of her very large generosity in
favours which are personal to myself
Slossonia rubrotincta, n. sp.

Expands 30 mm. Palpi bright ochreous, tinged on sides by reddish-
purple ; front ochreous ; antennae ochreous, tinged at base above with
reddish-purple ; thorax and abdomen light clear ochre. Fore wings
broad, angled on outer margin at vein 4, clear light ochre with purple-
red stain at base, on costa, and two purple-red costal stains marking the
beginning of otherwise obsolete cross lines ; apex more yellow. Hind
wings angulate at vein 4, broad, light clear ochre ; discal spots and
marginal lines obsolete. Beneath in colour as above, the hind wings
sparsely dotted in the blackish scales, thickening to a diffuse black spot
along inner margin. All legs ochre, stained especially on libiaj with
purple-red.

Los Angeles Co., Cal. ; taken in July; type in National Museum,
No. 3943.

Slossonia latipennis, n. sp.

Expands t,^ mm. Palpi long, slender, ochreous, lipjied with black ;
front ochre ; thorax yellowish ; abdomen ochre-white ; fore wings broad,
even, rounded, ochreous, stained with yellow at base, a faint edging
of blackish basally on costa, and a faint indication of a straight
oblique whitish line beginning at costa close to apex. Hind wings
ochreous, a little yellow stained on middle portion, with a faint, somewhat
rounded line as on fore wings ; discal spots fine, jet black ; all wings
very broad, the hind wings with especially long inner margin and distinct
posterior angle. Beneath all wings light ochreous, the fore wings some-
what yellow at base and apex, discal spots black, some black scales on
hind wings between discal spot and inner margin ; legs as far as seen
whitish-ochreous, with tibiae stained with black.

Cocoanut Grove, S. Fla. Type in National Museum, No. 3956.
Synaxis fuscata, n. sp.

Expands 48 mm. Palpi dark fuscous ; front whitish ; thorax ochre-
ous fuscous ; abdomen fuscous ; fore wings dirty fuscous, between the
cross lines darker, forming a cross band ; discal spots black ; hind wings
fuscous except along fore margin ; cross line broad, not strongly marked,
reaching from inner margin half across wings, discal si)ots black.

118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Beneath lighter fuscous, more even, the hind wings rriore loosely striated,
and all with more of an ochreous tinge.

Glenmore Springs, Colorado ; from Dr. Barnes ; taken between
Sept. 36 and 23.
Ennomos ochreatus, n. sp.

Of the size and shape of £. magnarhis, Guen., but of an even
bright ochre colour, scarcely darkening into darker ochre along outer
margin and faintly on outer line, the colour being almost exactly the
same below. This may be an extreme variety of £■ magnarius, of which
I have received a number of specimens from Colorado and Utah, but all
these, though lighter than the Eastern form, have the lines distinct and
the colours deeper and are quite uniform.

Colorado ; from Dr. Gillette.
Metanema subpunctata, n. sp.

Expands 32 mm. An insect of the sire and shape of M. exceisa,
Streck., with the ground colour of fore wings white, heavily overlaid with
fuscous striations, which have a violet tinge ; lines as in M. exceisa,
edged with fuscous, the basal on the outside, the outer on the inside ;
outer margin brownish ; hind wings stained whitish. Beneath in colour
much as above, the fore wings less striated ; the hinds wings much more.

California.

MaRMAREA PEPLARIOIDES, U. Sp.

Expands 43 mm. An insect comparing with M, occidentalism Hulst,
much as Azelina pep/aria, Hub., compares with A. hubnerata, Gn.
The general colour is a bright bluish-mouse colour, the base darker, the
middle field a broad bluish-black band ; discal spot white ; outer line of
hind wings whitish with an innerj, edging of blackish. Beneath bluish,,
the hind wings much striated. It may be, and indeed probably is, a
variety of M. occidentalism though decidedly different in appearance.

San Francisco Mts., Ariz. ; from Dr. Kunze ; taken July 23rd, 1897.
Stenaspilates inviolata, n. sp.

Of the size and general appearance of S. radiosaria, Hulst, but the
colour is pure white, overlaid with an even light fuscous tinge. The basal
line is wanting, the outer line is white, edged within with fuscous, nearly
straight, and on all wings. Hind wings white at base, fuscous tinged
outwardly ; abdomen clay white ; beneath as above.

Phrenix, Ariz., May 30th ; from Dr. Kunze'. Very much lighter in
colour than S. radiosaria, and differing in the ground colour entirely.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219

Caberodes minima, n. sp.

Expands 28 mm. Palpi white, with a few scattered black scales
intermixed ; front white, tinged with fuscous ; antennte fuscous ; thorax
and abdomen light fuscous, the abdomen with some black scales ; fore
wings light fuscous ochre, with scattered blackish scales and striations ;
basal cross line rounded, not prominent ; outer cross line heavy, black,
nearly parallel with outer margin, a little emphasized on the veins ; a
slight costal spot near apex ; discal spot large, prominent, black, with a
slight central ochre point ; hind wings white, faintly fuscous stained, with
scattered fuscous scales, outer line broad, dark, parallel with outer margin ;
discal spot apparent, but not prominent. Beneath of the ground colour
above, with outer lines and discal spots of all wings present but faint.

Arizona ; quite different in appearance from the ordinary Caberodes.

NOTES ON CHLOROTETTIX, WITH SOME NEW SPECIES.

BY C. F. BAKER, AUBURN, ALA.

Chlorotettix unicolor, Fitch. —An examination of the Fitch type in
the National Museum shows this to be the form described by Mr. Van
Duzee as galbanata. As this will leave Mr. Van Duzee's unicolor
without a name, it may be known as Vanduzei. Vandiizei differs from all
the other described species in a character not before noted, — the ocelli
are distant from the eyes, — while in all the others they are about as near
as their own widt'ii or nearer. Differing thus widely from other species
referred here, Vanduzei must still remain the type of the genus, which
should perhaps be used for it alone. The male of unicolor, Fh., closely
resembles in genital characters that of spatulatus which I have from
Kansas and Texas.
Chlorotettix emarginata, n. sp.

Length, 6.25-6.5 mm. Vertex blunter than in unicolor; colour
the same. Valve in male triangular and about the length of preceding
segment. Plates about equalling pygofers, rounded at tips, but little
wider towards the base, where each plate is suddenly depressed, giving
the whole the appearance, as viewed from below, of being strongly
constricted. Last ventral segment of female with lateral angles strongly
produced backwards on either side of a broad, deep, rectangular emargi-
nation, the bottom of which is sinuate. Ovipositor equalling pygofers.
Ocelli approximating eyes.

Described from two males and one female collected at Medellin,
State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, by Rev. M. Th. Heyde. Resembles

220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

unicolor, Fh. ( = galbanata, Van D.), but is slightly larger and differs
widely in the form of the genitalia, both male and female.
Chlorotettix breviceps, n. sp.

Length, 6.25 mm. Vertex not longer at middle than at eyes.
Ocelli black, scarcely further than their width from the eyes. Colour
throughout pale brownish ; two longitudinal whitish lines on scute).
Last vental segment twice the length of preceding, hind margin very
broadly, slightly notched. Ovipositor about equalling pygofers.

Described from two females in the Herbert H. Smith collection,
taken at Chapada, Brazil, in May. Nearest viridia, but the vertex
shorter, the ocelli smaller and further from the eyes, and the colour
different. This insect has somewhat the aspect of an Idiocerus.
Chlorotettix //liniina, n. sp.

Length, 5 mm. or slightly more or less. Ocelli large and very close
to the eyes. Vertex distinctly, though but little, longer at middle than
at eyes. Colour pale yellowish . Last ventral segment of female twice
the length of preceding, lateral angles broadly rounded ; medially with a
deep narrow notch, extending more than half the length ; the angles on
either side of the summit of the notch projecting obliquely towards each
other and sometimes nearly touching ; in one specimen these projecting
angles are nearly obsolete. Valve of male shorter than preceding segment
and scarcely angled at middle. Plates rounded basally at sides, beyond
middle becoming suddenly narrow and parallel-sided for rest of length.

Described from one male and several females in the Herbert H.
Smith collection, taken at Chapada, Brazil, in April and May. The
smallest species of the genus yet described. The form of the ventral
notch varies, as it does in most species of the genus. In general form
the species recalls unicolor, Fitch.

SOME NEW SPECIES OF COCCID^.

BY J. D. TINSLEY, MESILLA PARK, N. MEX.
DaCTVLOPIUS QUAINTANCII, n. sp.

Adult 5. Length, 2 mm. Width, 1.5 mm. Shape, ellipsoidal,
much flattened. Colour, dark grayish-brown, the body is so covered with
white secretion that its true colour only shows on the ventral surface,
the colour of the dorsum appearing quite while. The white secretion
mealy, projecting slightly on the lateral margins, but not forming well-
marked filaments ; posteriorly it is produced into two very short, but
wttll-defined, caudal filaments ; on the dorsum it is slightly raised into a
longitudinal ridge.

TtUB CANADIAN ENTOMOLOOltsT..

221

la addition to the mealy secretion, there is some fine, waxy, thread-
like secretion as in D. virgatus, Ckll. They produce no well-defined
ovisac, only a fliiff'y mass of secretion.

Boiled in caustic potash they become, at first, almost black, and on
further boiling they become purplish. Legs and antennae brownish, but
very much lighter than the body.

Antenn:e 7-jointed : 7 longest, slightly longer than
2^1 (90-100 \i.) ; 2 and 3 next longest, usually sub-
equal, about twice as long as broad ; i and 6 next longest,
often subequal, i sometimes the longer; 4 and 5 shortest
and usually subequal. The antennae are fairly stout,
especially joints i, 2 and 3 ; all joints are haiiy, the hairs
being long and slender. Antennal formula 7(23)(i6)(45).
(See Fig. 17.)

Legs. — Femur very stout, being only about twice as
long as broad, with scattered, long, slender hairs ; tibia
stout, its width about half that of the femur, with a few
long, slender hairs ; tarsus stout, quite hairy, bearing a
pair of long, slender digitules ; claw stout, bearing a pair
of knobbed digitules. Leg resembles that of a Riper sia.
Pj ^^ (See Fig. i8.) Male unknown.

Habitat. — Lake City, Florida, Feb. 9,
1898. On Rhus copallina, L. ; collected
by Mr. A. L. Quaintance.

Remarks. — -The most prominent char-
acteristics of this species are : Its small
size, stoutness of legs and antenme, and the
comparatively great length of the terminal
joint of the antenna.

Dactvlopius virgatus, Ckll.

Some time since I received from Mr.
E. E. Green, of Ceylon, specimens of
Dadylopius ceriferus, Newst., and, having
at hand the type material of virgatus, I
carefully compared them, both as to their
external features and their antenn.-w and legs.

222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The specimens from either Jamaica or Ceylon differ as much in
size and colour among themselves as they differ from those of the other
locality.

The Jamaica specimens agree quite closely with Mr. Newstead's
description, and vice versa.

To form an idea of the variability of this species one has only to
note the fact that Mr. Cockerell distinguished four varieties in addition
to the typical species growing on various plants in Jamaica.

The most prominent characters, which are constant, are, first, the
elongated shape, tapering posteriorly, and second, the presence of the
peculiar waxy filaments which are quite distinct from the ordinary white
filamentous secretion of the genus.

The antennje are quite variable, as may be seen from the following
measurements of the type material from Jamaica: First joint, 45-60/-'.;
second, 55-80 /x; third, S5-95 // ; fourth, 45-55/'-; fifth- 50-65/'.;
sixth, 55-60 /a; seventh, 53/'.; eighth, 115-120/y.

Measurements of the Ceylon material vary as follows : First
joint, 59-65//; second, 67-76 /v.; third, 90-104// ; fourth, 53-57 \t-\ fifth,
53-65/v,; sixth, 51-62 /a; seventh, 56-62 /x ; eighth, 120-127//. I have
also recently examined specimens from Mexico, and find them to fall
between the Jamaica and Ceylon specimens in size. It will be noticed
that the Ceylon specimens are longer than those from Jamaica.

The variations in relative length are well shown in the following
antennal formulae :

Jamaica specimens. Ceylon specimens. Mexico specimens.

<83)(24)(567) 382(4567) 832(45)(i6)7

53267(45) 83216745 8324(16)57

83(26)(57)i4 8321(67)54

832(156)47 83245716

832(4567)

Joint 3 of the antenna is, however, always quite long, always appre-
ciably longer than 2.

Legs agree perfectly with the published descriptions.

After this careful examination, I am convinced that these are all one
species, and since Mr. Cockerell published his virgattis, about a year
previous to Mr. Newstead's publication oi ceri/erus, D. ceri/erus, Newst.,
will stand as a synonym for D. virgatus, Ckll.

The Mexican specimens were collected on coffee at Cuantla, Morelos,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

223

73/*

5f

6?

Mexico. July, 1897, by Mr. A. Koebele, and sent to the New Mexico
Expt. Station by Mr. L. O. Howard. This is the tirst time that D.
virgatus, Ckll,, has been foinid in Mexico.

Phexacoccus minimus, n. sp. — Adult J . Length
about I mm. Shape, somewhat globular. Colour, reddish-
jiink.

Body nearly naked, and shining. No lateral fila-
ments; a pair of short, stout, flattened, caudal filaments.

Antennas (see Fig. 19) of 9 segments : segment 9
longest : segments 2 and 3 next longest, these may be
subequal, or three may be the shorter ; segment i next,
and fairly stout; segment 6 about same length as r,
although it may be a little shorter ; segment 7 next ;
segments 4, 5 and 8 subequal, and shortest.

Formula 9(23)167(458). Segments of antennte with
very long, fine hairs. While the fully-developed antennce
have 9 segments, and are well represented in the figure,
yet a large proportion of the individuals examined have
7 and 8 segments. Those with 8 segments are due to
the failure of segment 8 to divide. Those with 7 are due
to lack of division in 3 and 8. The division in the 8th
segment (terminal segment) is never so distinct as that
between the other segments.

Legs. — Femur, length 185//, width 50/1; with some long, slender
hairs. Tibia, length 185//, width 30/.'., with rather slender hairs.
Tarsus, length 85 //, proximal end nearly as wide as tibia, tapering
toward ihe distal end to join the slender claw ; hairs similar to those on
tibia ; a pair of slender hair-like digitules, not knobbed. Claw, length
25 /x, slender, with a small denticle on its inner face. A pair of slender,
knobbed digitules longer than the claw.

Anal ring normal. Anal lobes well developed.

Ovisac. — Apparently without definite shape, just a fluffy mass of
fairly coarse filaments, enclosing the pale yellow, almost white, eggs, and
partially enclosing the female.

Male unknown.

Habitat. — On silver spruce, Picea pungens, Engelm. The specimens
were near the end of the twig on one side, at the base of the needles, and
had apparently caused the death of the needles.

Fig. 19.

22-4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Collected by Prof. C. P. Gillette, at Fort Collins, Colo., May 20, 1S98.

The minute size of this species easily distinguishes it from any species
known at present. Unless considerable care is exercised only the 7- and
8-segmented antennse will be found, and one would, from this, be inclined
to call it a Dactylopius.

Note on a Chalcidid of the Subfam. ENCYRTiN.t, Parasitic

ox PhENACOCCUS MINIiMUS.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Teiracnonus lVest7uoodi, x\. s^). — $. Length i'. mm.; dark brown;
head and thorax minutely reticulated ; ocelli large and prominent, lateral
ocelli nearer to the eyes than to the middle ocellus ; scutellum prominent;
scapuUe triangular, produced to a point mesad, failing to meet by a short
interval only; coxa^ large and swollen, trochanters small, legs long, tarsi
five-jointed. Antenna 8-jointed, or 10 jointed if the two ring-joints are
counted ; first joint of flagellum subglobose, short ; second about as long,
but cylindrical ; third about twice as long as second ; fourth about one-
third longer than third ; fifth about as long as fourth ; sixth (club) a little
longer. First four joints of flagellum emitting long branches as in West-
wood's figure of T. divcrsicornis. Chib slender, considerably less swollen
than in divcrsicornis. Wings strongly pubescent.

Hab. — Fort Collins, Colo ; parasitic in Phetiacoccus minimus, Tinsley;
collected by Prof. Gillette. Prof. Tinsley directed my attention to this
interesting parasite, vvhich he found when describing the P. ininirnus.
The parasite is almost as large as the host, and always occurs singly.
Prof. Tinsley observes that the head of the parasite is invariably, turned
to the tail of the Plienacoccus. The only specimens yet available for
study are those mounted (after boiling) with the coccids, still enclosed in
the skin of the host, though fully formed in every respect. It may be that
specimens preserved in the usual way will show a somewhat different
coloration, but the structural details will not be altered. The species is
dedicated to the founder of the genus, who was the greatest of English
entomologists. It differs in the scapulae, the antennal club, and some
other particulars, from T. divcrsicornis. The genus is new to America.
(See L. O. Howard, Proc. U. S. Nntl, Museum, XV., p. 362.)

-Since the description of Petracnemus Wesiwoodi was written, we
have received many living s])ecimens, of both sexes, from Prof. Gillette.
The living insect is black, with a slight metallic tinge, the mesothorax
a bluish black, the scutellum purple-black, rather sharply contrasting.
Antennce of $ dark brown ; of $ , with scape and club, brown-black, the
intermediate portion while. Legs yellowish-white, tarsi more or less
infuscated, hind femora black. — T. D. A. C.

Mailed August 9th, 1898.

%\\t imn\m\ mi\\mmk^hl

Vol. XXX. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1898. No. 9.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAVVFLIES,
OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.

BY WILLTAM H. ASHME\D, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DErARTMEXT OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(Paper No, 4.)
Family VIII. — Lophyrid.^.
The Swedish entomologist, C. G. Thomson, first separated this family
as a tribe in 187 1. It had been placed previously with the Lydides^ with
which it had no affinity whatever. In the structure of the head, thorax
and abdomen the species approach closest to the Hylotomidce, Perreyiidce
and the Pterygophoridce, The multiarticulate antenna's, however, sepa-
rate them at once from the former; the distinct anal cell in the hind wings
separates them from the Perreyiidi^, which have none ; while from the
last, to which they are undoubtedly most closely allied, they are readily
distinguished by having a distinct lanceolate cell in the front wings.

The larv:e are social in their habits and feed exclusively upon conif-
erous trees — the pines, firs and cedars. Only two or three species are
known outside of the Palearctic and Neartic regions.

But two genera are known, distinguished as follows :
Table of Genera.
Hind wings with two discal cells ; front wings with the second and third
submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent nervure.

Lanceolate cell with a straight or an oblique nervure ; $ antennae

ramose LopJiyrus, Latreille.

Lanceolate cell contracted at middle, closed ; J antennte bi-

ramose Monoctonus, Dahlbom.

Family IX. — Perreviid/T;.
The absence of an anal cell in the hind wings readily separates this
family from the Lophyridce.

The group was first recognized by Cameron as a suljfamily in 1883,
who, however, placed in it only three genera, viz.: Deav/ieria, Lophy-

226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

roides and Perreyia. He says: "This group lias usually been regarded
as a section of the Lophyrina ; but it differs in so many points not only
from that group, but from all others, that I am justified, I think, in
making a distinct section of it, and have given above the distinctive
characters of the subfamily."*

Below I have placed in the group several other genera placed else-
where by Cameron and Kirby. No species is known in our fauna, and
the group, as a whole, seems to be confined to the Neotropical and
Australian regions.

The genera belonging to the family may be readily distinguished by
the aid of the following table :

Table of Genera.

Marginal cell simple, not appendiculate 7.

Marginal cell appendiculate, the lanceolate cell petiolate.

Second and third submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent
nervure, rarely with the first recurrent interstitial with the first

transverse cubitus 3.

Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; antennte
13-15-jointed 2.

2. Hind wings without a discal cell, the marginal cell with an appendage ;

$ antenn;B 15-jointed, biramose Lophyroides, Cameron.

(Type L. ruficollis, Cam.)
Hind wings with one discal cell, the marginal cell zvithout an append-
age ; % antennae 14-jointed, ■^ 15-joinledj maxillary palpi 4-,

labial palpi 3-jointed Lophyridea, Ashm., n. g.

(Type L. tropicus, Nort **)

Hind wings with one discal cell, the marginal cell with an appendage ;

antennae 15-jointed in both sexes; maxillary palpi 2-, labial palpi

I -jointed Perreyia, Brulle'.

3. Hind wings with one discal cell (a closed submarginal) 4.

Hind wings without a discal cell.

? antennte 1 3-jointed, the third joint very long, the following
gradually shortening Ancyloneura, Cameron.

4. Antennas i6-jointed, longer than the body 6.

.'Vntenn.'B 9-1 1 -jointed, shorter than the body 5.

*Biol. Centr. Am. Hym., Vol. L, p. 60.
**Cameron placed this species in his p;enus I.opliyroides.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 227

5. Antennae g-jointed, the third joint as long as joints 4-6 united ;

second and third submarginal cells subeqiial, larger than the first.

9 Eurys, Newman.

Antennae lo-jointed, the third joint scarcely as long as joints
3-4 united ; second submarginal cell twice as long as the third.

$ Acherocerus, Kirby.

AntenuiTs 11 -jointed, the third joint long, about as long as the three
following joints united.

Second submarginal cell longer than either the first or third
united ; maxillary palpi 6-, labial palpi 4-jointed.

? Camptobtium, Spinola.

Second submarginal cell shorter than either the first or third.
Maxillary palpi 4-, labial palpi 3-jointed.

? Euryopsis, Kirby.

Maxillary palpi 3-, labial palpi r jointed.

9 Decameria, Lepel.

6. Head subquadrate, the temples broad ; flagellar joints long, each

giving off a ramus from near the base. ,^ Cladomacra, Smith.

7. Antennae i8-jointed, the flagellar joints scarcely longer than thick,

each throwing off from near the extremity a long pilose ramus ;
hind wings with one discal cell ; head transverse, the temples
narrow. c( .Polyclonus, Kirby.

F.vMiLY X. — Pteryggphorid.^^..

This group by most authorities has been placed with the Cimbicidce,
possibly on account of some of the species possessing clavate antenuiie,
similar to Cimhex. The family is, however, structurally, totally different
from them, and to me shows no affinity whatever with the Cimbicidce ; it
is in every respect more closely allied to the Lophyridce, Perreyiidce and
the Se/andriidce, from all of which it is readily distinguished by the
absence of the lanceolate cell in the front wings.

It may be divided into three subfamilies, two of which, however, are
not sharply separable, and I have had some difficulty in finding charac-
ters to distinguish them. The venation, especially in many of the genera
in the subfamily Pterygop/iorince, has been most ])erplexing, since I find
it totally different in the opposite sexes of the same species. Some of
the females too have clavate antennae, and thus closely mimic the females
in the subfamily Fergi/ue.

228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

It is believed, however, that these difficulties have been surmounted
and that other students will now have no trouble in recognizing these
subfamilies by the use of the following table :

Table of Subfamilies.
Cubitus originating from the subcostal vein beyond the apex of the basal

nervure 2.

Cubitus originating from the apex of the basal nervure or only a little
away from it.

Costal vein slender towards base, but very much thickened or
broadened at apical one-third; marginal cell not appendiculated
and with no space between its apex and the costal margin ;
antennpe short, filiform in both sexes, from 6-10-

jointed Subfamily I., Lobocerinae.

Costal vein not very much thickened and almost of a uniform
thickness throughout ; marginal cell at apex a little away from the
costal margin, and appendiculated ; first dorsal abdominal segment
emarginate, or with a median slit ; ? antennae short clavate, 5-8-
jointed, or filiform subdentate, 14-20-jointed ; antennae usually

ramose or flabellate Subfamily II., Pterygophorinae.

2. Submedian cell always shorter than the median, the transverse median
nervure joining the median vein very much before the origin
of the basal nervure ; % antennje filiform, the flagellar joints
subdentate beneath, or clavate ; ^ antennae flabellate or ramose ;
first dorsal abdominal segment with a median

slit Subfamily II , Pterygophorinje.

Submedian and median cells equal or nearly so, the transverse median
nervure being interstitial with the basal nervure \ antennae short
clavate in both sexes, 6- or 7-jointed ; first dorsal abdominal segment

entire Subfamily III., Perginas.

Subfamily I. — ^Lobocerin.e.
This group, but without proper characterization, was first recognized
as a subfamily by Mr. W. F. Kirby, of the British Museum, who placed
in it only three genera, viz.: Ferantherix, Westw. ( = Acorduiecera, Say);
Loboceras, Kirby, and Aulacomeres, Spinola. The other genera, recorded
below, he placed with the Cimbicidae.

The subfamily is very sl-^arply separated from the other two sub-
families, here defined for the first time, by the characters made use of in
my table.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229

The group is confined principally to the Neotropical region, no
species being known outside of the American faunae — North, Central
and South America — Acordulecera, Say, being the only genus which has
been enabled to extend its range into the Palearctic region.*

The larve\3 of at least one of the genera is known : Acordulecera
liorsalis, Say, having been bred and described by Dr. H. G. Dyar.*

The genera may be easily recognized by the use of the following table:
Table of Genera.
Hind wings with one closed submarginal cell.

Front wings with four submarginal- cells, the second and third each

receiving a recurrent nervure 2.

Front wings with three submarginal cells, the tirst and second
each receiving a recurrent nervure.

Antennte short, 6-jointed ; middle and hind tibiaj with lateral
spurs Acordulecera, Say ( = Perantherix, Westw.).

2. Antennas 8-jointed or more 3.

Antennae 7-jointed.

First joint of flagellum not so long as joints 2-3 united ; hind tibiae
without a lateral spur, the inner apical spur very
long Loboceras, Kirby.

First joint of flagellum longer than joints 2-3 united ; hind tibiae
with a lateral spur Incalia, Cameron.

3. Antennas 8-jointed ; middle and hind tibiae with lateral

spurs Paralypia, Cameron.

Antennae 9-jointed ; middle and hind tibife without lateral

spurs Aulacomerus, Spinola.

Antennae lo-jointed, the third joint about as long as joints 4-5 united,
or a little longer, but slenderer ; middle and hind tibiae with lateral

spurs Cerealces, Kirby.

Subfamily II. — Pterygophorin^.
The credit for this subfamily should be given to Mr. Peter Cameron,
who, in his Monograph of the British Phytophagous Hymenoptera, Vol.
III., p. 72, remarks as follows: '^ Fterygophorus also belongs to a
distinct subfamily, which differs both from the Lophyrina and Perreyina
in the lanceolate cell being obsolete. The accessory nervure in the hind
wings is also absent ; the latter have only one middle cellule and the
anterior are appendiculated."

*Can. Ent., Vol. XX., 1895, p. 208.

230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

The subfamily is apparently confined to the Neotropical and Austra-
lian regions, no species being known in our fauna north of Mexico.
The genera recognized may be tabulated as follows :
• Table of Genera.

Front wings with three submarginal cells 2.

Front wings with four submarginal cells, the hind wings with one closed
submarginal cell (except in Syzygonia, Klug, which has two).

Second and third submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent

nervure 4.

Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures 3.

2. First and second submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent

nervure ; hind wings with one closed submarginal cell ; antennae

6-jointed Thulea, Say.

Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; hind

wings with one closed submarginal cell ; scutellum rounded behind.

Antennae 1 7-20-jointed, the flagellar joints dentate or with short

branches beneath Lophyrotoma, Ashm., n. g.

(Type P. interruptus, Klug.)
Antennae 23-jointed, each flagellar joint with a very long branch.

^ Pterygo])horinus, Ashm., n. g.

(Type P. analis.)

3. Scutellum with the hind angles dentate ; antennre 25-jointed, flabellate.

^ Pterygophorus, Klug.

(Type P. cinctus, Klug.)
Scutellum posteriorly rounded, not dentate ; antennas 17-20 jointed,

biramose in (^ Brachytoma, Westw.

(Type B. fumipennis, Westw.)

4. Middle and hind tibiis with lateral spurs 5.

Middle and hind tibite without lateral spurs.

Antennae 5-jointed, ?; hind wings with one closed submarginal

and one closed discoidal cell Syzygonia, Klug.

(Type S. cyanocephala, Klug.)

Antennas 6-jointed, 5 > hind wings with one closed submarginal

cell, but wit/ioiit a closed discoidal cell.. Syzygonidea, Ashm., n.g.

(Type S. cyanea, Brulle.)

5. Scutellum rounded behind, unarmed.

Antennae 7-jointed Corynophilus, Kirby.

( = Cephalocera, Klug.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 231

AntenncC 14-jointed, $ ; third submarginal cell very small, less

than half the length of the second Brachytoma, \yest\v.

Scutellum posteriorly bidentate.

Antennae 8-jointed (or ? more), clavate. $ . . Pterygophorus, Klug.
Antennae 1 8 jointed, in both sexes, filiform, subserrate, the third

joint longer than the fourth Philomastix, Froggatt.

Subfamily III. — Pergin.e.

In this subfamily the antenme are 6- or 7-jointed, clavate, and alike
in both sexes ; the cubitus always originates from the subcostal vein
away from the apex of the basal nervure ; the costal vein is considerably
thickened ; while the transverse median nervure is interstitial, or very
nearly so, with the basal nervure.

These characters at once separate the group from the two preceding.

The larvae too, judging from what has been published respecting
them, are also quite different. Unfortunately, the published descriptions
of them are very superficial and one can gain little information respecting
their structure. Most of them seem to be black or brown, with yellow
markings and clothed with short white hairs, which would indicate an
affinity with the Selandriidce. According to Mr. R. H. Lewis and Mr.
W. VV. Froggatt, they live on various species of gum trees belonging to
the genus Eucalyptus — trees indigenous to Australia.

A most remarkable habit of maternal insect in the female of Perga
Lewisii, Westw., and the only case known among the Terebrant Hymen-
optera, is recorded by Mr. Lewis.* He says : "The larvae when hatched
are of a dirty green colour, with shining black heads ; they keep together
in the brood, arranging themselves in oval masses, their heads pointed
outwards ; but sometimes I have seen them arranged on both sides of

the leaves, their heads pointed towards the edges The

mother insect follows them, silting with outstretched legs over her brood,
preserving them from the heat of the sun, and protecting them from the
attacks of parasites and other enemies with admirable perseverance. I
endeavoured to drive some from their posts by pricking them with the
point of a black-lead pencil ; but they refused to leave, seizing whatever
was presented to them in their mandibles, no doubt very formidable
weapons when employed against their race. They never attempted to
use their wings or move from the spot."

^Trans. l-'nt. Soc., Loncl., Vol, I., 1S36, p. 232.

232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The genera are not numerous and may be separated as follows :
* Table of Genera.

Hind wings with one closed submarginal cell.

Front wings with four submarginal cells 3.

Front wings with three submarginal cells 2.

2. First submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; antennae

6-jointed Paraperga, Ashm., n. g.

(Type P. jucunda, Kirby.)
First and second submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent nervure ;

antennae 7-jointed Pseudoperga, Ashm., n. g.

(Type P. polita, Leach.)

3. Antennae 6-jointed, joints 3 to 5 of an equal length or nearly so ; head

subquadrate, scarcely so broad as the thorax ; first submarginal cell

not unusually small Perga, Leach.

Antennte 7-jointed ; head very large quadrate, fully as broad or a little
broader than the thorax ; first submarginal cell very small, half the

length of the second, or smaller Neoperga, Asha:., n. g.

(Type P. amenaida, Kirby.)

DIASPIS AMYGDALI IN MASSACHUSETTS

BY R. A. COOLEY, B. S., AMHERST, MASS.

In January of this year Mr. A. H. Kirkland sent me specimens of a
scale insect he had taken from Pninus mtime at the Arnold Arboretum,
Jamaica Plain, Mass., which on examination proved to be Diaspis
ainygdali, Tryon. A little later Mr. Kirkland sent me more specimens
which he had taken from Prunus subhirtella at the Arboretum. Speci-
mens of the scale were sent to Dr. L. O. Howard, who confirmed my
identification, stating also that he had asked Mr. Coquillett to examine
the specimens and had received the report that he could find no difference
between them and Diaspis amygdali. The infested trees came from
Japan, the Prunus tnuine in the spring of 1894 and the Prunus sub-
hirtella in the spring of 1897.

These specimens, with others of the same species received from
various sources, have been compared with specimens of Chionaspis
prunicola, Maskell, received from the author of the species, without
finding the slightest difference. I therefore consider C/iionaspis prunicola
a synonym of Diaspis amygdali, which has priority.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233

ADDITIONS TO MY SYNOPSIS OF THE TACHINID^.

BY D. W. COCjUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Since the publication of the above work several additional forms
have been examined, the result of which is recorded herewith. Dr.
S. H. Scudder kindly presented to the National Museum co-types of his
Tachina tlteclaruin, and of many of the species described in his work on
the Butterflies of New England ; in every case these conform to the
positions assigned them in my Synopsis.

Clistoinorpha hyalomoides, Townsend, is a synonym of Xysta
didyina, Loew. It belongs to the genus Clytiomyia, of which Clisto-
morpha is therefore a synonym.

Cistogaster pallasii,TQ'iNXi%QX\^,'?xoQ.. Ent. Soc, Washington, 1891,
page 142. This reference was inadvertently omitted in the Synopsis. I
have not seen a specimen which agrees with this description.

Admontia hylotomce, n. sp.— (^. Black, the palpi and apex of
proboscis yellow. Front at narrowest part two-thirds as wide as either
eye, no orbital bristles, frontals descending to middle of second antennal
joint, antennae five-sevenths length of face, the third joint nearly twice as
long as the second, arista thickened on the basal third, the penultimate
joint broader than long ; sides of face at narrowest part each nearly one-
half as wide as the median depression, bearing numerous bristly hairs,
cheeks one-third as broad as the eye-height, vibrissse slightly above the
oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest third. Thorax gray pruinose,
marked with four black vittse ; three postsutural and three sternopleural
macrochaetse, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal and a short
apical pair. Abdomen polished, last three segments gray pruinose at
their bases, bearing discal and marginal macrochaelae. Wings hyaline,
slightly tinged with yellow along the veins, third vein bearing two or
three bristles near the base ; calypteres whitish. Hind tibias outwardly
subciliate, front pulvilli as long as the last tarsal joint, tarsi not dilated.

$ Differs from the ^ as follows-: Front as wide as either eye, two
pairs of orbital bristles, third segment of abdomen carinate on the under
side, the carina thickly beset with short spines ; front pulvilli one-half as
long as the last tarsal joint.

Length, 6 to 9 mm. Woods Holl, Mass. Bred from Ilylotoma
humeralis, Beauv., by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar. Three males and five
females. Type No. 4061, U. S. Nat. Museum.

234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Admontia unispinosa, n. sp. — 9 . Differs from the $ of hylotovice
as follows : Apex of proboscis black. Front slightly wider than either
eye, frontals descending only a short distance below base of second
antennal joint, antennae four-fifths as long as the face, the third joint
from three to four times as long as the second, arista thickened on the
basal half, sides of face each one- fifth as wide as the median depression,
bearing a single row of bristly hairs, vibrissa? at the oral margin.
Abdomen bearing only marginal macrochaetse, destitute of spines on the
under side. Wings not tinged with yellow along the veins, third vein
bearing a single bristle near its base. Length, 4 to 6 mm. Opelousas,
La. Eight specimens collected in June, 1897, by Mr. G. R. Pilate, and
submitted by Dr. Garry de N. Hough. Type No. 4062, U. S. Nat.
Museum.

Admontia tarsalis, n. sp. — $ . Differs from 5 of Jiylotomiii as follows:
Apex of proboscis brown, basal half of antennae yellow. F'ront one-fifth
wider than either eye, antenna; as long as the face, the third joint five
times as long as the second, sides of face each one-fifth as wide as the
median depression, bearing a row of macrochaetse in continuation of the
frontal row, vibrissa on a level with front edge of oral margin, ridges
bristly on the lower half. Abdomen destitute of spines on under side.
Front tarsi toward the apex greatly dilated. Length, 5 to 6 mm.
Opelousas, La.' Two specimens collected in May and June, 1897, by
Mr. G. R. Pilate, and submitted by Dr. Garry de N. Hough. Type No.
4063, U. S. Nat. Museum.

Admontia polita, n. sp. — ? . Differs from the description of hylototnce
5 as follows : Second joint of antennae yellow, apex of proboscis brown.
Frontal bristles descending only slightly below base of second antennal
joint, antennae almost as long as the face, the third joint three times as ~
long as the second, sides of face each one-third as wide as the median
depression, bearing a row of macrochaetfe, vibrissa? on a level with front
edge of oral margin, only two or three bristles above each. Thorax
polished, not pruinose except along the sides, scutellum destitute of a
short apical pair of macrochaetaj. Abdomen not pruinose on the fourth
segment, destitute of spines on the under side, discal macrochaet.^ some-
times wanting. Length, 5 to 7 mm. Oswego, N. Y. (July i and 17, 1897;
Prof Chas. S. Sheldon), and Jacksonville, Fla. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).
Seven specimens.

Dioficea, Desv. (Synonym, Labidigaster, Macq.) — This genus falls

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 235

in the last couplet in my synoptic table, and will be recognized by having
a single bristle at base of the third vein, the head one and one-third times
as high as long, and the proboscis only once geniculate.

Dioncea nitoris, n. sp. — c? ?• Black, the palpi yellow. Front of
male one-fifth, in the female four-fifths, as wide as either eye, frontal
bristles not descending beneath the base of second antennal joint, two
pairs of orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male, antenna three-
fourths as long as the face, the third joint one and one-half times as long
as the second, arista thickened on the basal third ; vibrissje slightly above
the level of the front edge of the oral margin, one or two bristles above
each. Thorax polished, a median vitta in front of the suture and the
lateral margins, whitish pruinose, three postsutural and two sternopleural
macrochaetse, scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs. Abdomen
polished, without a trace of gray or whitish pruinosity, first segment one
and one-half times as long as the third, the first three bearing only
marginal macrochaetas, last segment in the female provided at its apex
with a pair of curved appendages resembling a pair of pincers. Tarsi not
dilated, front pulvilli of male slightly longer than, in the female scarcely
one-half as long as, the last tarsal joint. Wings gray, toward the base
yellowish, along the posterior margin subhyaline, calypteres white. Length,
5 mm. Corvallis, Oregon. A specimen of each sex collected July i6 and
Sept. 1 6, 1896, by Mr. A. B. Cordley. Type No. 4065, U. S. Nat. Museum.

Chcetophleps rostrata, n. sp. — 9 • Black, the lower part of the face
and apex of proboscis, yellow. Front slightly wider than either eye, two
pairs of orbital bristles, frontals descending to middle of second antennal
joint, antennae nearly as long as the face, the third joint four times as long
as the second, arista thickened almost to the middle, face in profile
strongly concave, vibrissae on a level with front edge of oral margin, two
or three bristles above each, proboscis slender, the labella considerably
prolonged backward. Thorax gray pruinose, marked with four black
vittte ; three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochaetse, scutellum
bearing three marginal pairs. Abdomen polished, bases of last three
segments gray pruinose, each segment bearing only marginal macro-
chaetse, venter destitute of short, stout spines. Tarsi not dilated, hind
tibibe not ciliate. Wings hyaline, first vein bristly on its apical third, the
third bearing three bristles near its base, caly|)teres white. Length, 3 mm.
Biscayne Bay, Fla. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), and Opelousas, La. (Mr. G. R.
Pilate). Three specimens. Typ^ No. 4066, U. S. Nat. Museum.

236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hypostena setinervis, n. sp. — 9 • Black, the palpi, apex of proboscis,
abdomen, coxae, femora and tibife, yellow, the last two segments of the
abdomen partly tinged with brown. Front as wide as either eye, two
pairs of orbital bristles, frontals descending to apex of second antennal
joint, antenna3 as long as the face, the third joint six times as long as the
second, arista thickened almost to the middle, vibrissae on a level with
front edge of oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest fourth. Thorax
gray pruinose, marked with four black viltse ; four postsutural and two
sternopleural macrochaetJt^, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal
and a short apical pair. Abdomen polished, bases of last three segments
whitish pruinose, first three segments bearing only marginal macrochaetse,
venter destitute of short, stout spines. Tarsi not dilated, hind tibise sub-
ciliate. Wings hyaline, third vein bristly to slightly beyond the small
cross-vein, hind cross-vein nearer to the small than to bend of fourth vein,
calypteres white. Length, 5 nmi. Biscayne Bay, Florida. A single speci-
men collected by Mrs. A.T.Slosson. Type No. 4067, U. S. Nat. Museum.

Exorista dorsalis, n. sp. — 9 • Black, the palpi and sometimes the
sides of the abdomen, except at each end, yellow. Front from three-fifths
to two-thirds as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, frontals
descending to apex of second antennal joint, sides of face and of front
in front of the orbitals silvery-white pruinose, antenut'e nearly as long as
face, the third joint from three to four times as long as the second, arista
thickened on the basal two-fifths, the penultimate joint only slightly
longer than broad, facial ridges bristly on the lowest two-fifths, cheeks
one-sixth as broad as the eye-height. Thorax polished, having a strong
brassy tinge, without a trace of light coloured pruinosity on the dorsum ;
three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetJB, scutellum bearing
three pairs of long marginal and a short apical pair. Abdomen somewhat
polished, thinly gray pruinose, last three segments bearing discal as well
as marginal macrochaetje. Hind tibisfi outwardly ciliate, middle tibise
each bearing a single macrochaeta on the front side near the middle.
Wings hyaline, third vein bearing from two to four bristles near its base,
bend of fourth vein destitute of an appendage, calypteres whitish.
Length, 6' to 7 mm. North Mt, Pa. (Sept. 2, 1897 > Mr. C. W. Johnson),
and Ga. Two specimens. Type No. 4068, U. S. Nat. Museum.

Brachycojiia Sheldoni, n. sp — $ ? . Black, a subtriangular spot out-
side of each vibrissa, brown, a yellow ring on the arista beyond the thick-
ened base. Front of male one-fourth as wide as in the female, as wide as

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 237

either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female wanting in the male,
frontals descending almost to base of second antennal joint, sides of face
bearing bristly hairs, and on the lower portion with several macrochaetae,
antennai from slightly over two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the face,
the third joint only slightly longer than the second, arista long pubescent
on basal half, thickened on the basal fifth, vibrissas on a level with front
edge of oral margin, two or three bristles above each, cheeks three-fifths
as broad as the eye-height. Thorax gray pruinose, marked with three
black vittK ; three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae,
scuteilum bearing three long marginal pairs. Abdomen somewhat
polished, gray pruinose and with darker reflecting spots, last three seg-
ments bearing only marginal macrochaette. Middle tibiie each bearing
two or three macrochaetfe on the front side near its middle, front pulvilli
of male as long as the last tarsal joint. Wings hyaline, tinged with yellow
at the base, costal spine longer than the small cross-vein, third vein
bristly at least half-way to the small cross-vein, calypteres white. Length,
8 to lo mm. Oswego, N. Y. One male and three females collected in
July and August, 1S95 and 1S96, by Prof. Charles S. Sheldon, after whom
the species is named. Type No. 4069, U. S. Nat. Museum.

ON SOME SMALL BEES FROM ARIZONA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M.

Some time ago Prof. C. F. Baker sent me a lot of small bees
collected by Dr. R. E. Kunze at Phcenix, Arizona, May 12, 1897, " o'l
willows and various low herbs." I have examined these with inter^t, as
they belong to genera not recorded from that region ; they prove to be as
follows :

(i.) Perdita saiicis, Ckll. , 1896. — ^. $. Very many specimens.

(2.) Prosapis jnesilice, Ckll., 1896. — A few, mostly males.

(3.) Halictus jneliioti, Ckll., 1895. — C)ne $.

(4.) ffaiicttis pseiidotegiiiaris, Ckll., 1896. — On April 12, 1897, I
took at flowers of Sisymbrium, in Mesilla, N. M., a single Halictus which
differed decidedly from Illinois H. tegularis, but, to my surprise, almost
agreed with the Mexican H. pseudotegularis, except that the wings were
clear. Now, among the Arizona bees I find examples oi pseudotegularis
with slightly dusky wings, as in the type of that species ; the second sub-
marginal cell is noticeably smaller than in tegularis, and receives the
recurrent nervure further from its end.

238 ** THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(5.) Haiictus Kii/izei, n. sp. — ?. Length hardly 5 mm.; head and
thojax shining oHve green, abdomen ferruginous, the apical two-fifths
blackish. Head rather large, considerably broader than thorax, finely
and rather closely punctured, facial quadrangle nearly as broad as long ;
face with only a (tw scattered hairs on its lower part ; flagellum ferrugi-
nous beneath, except at base ; clypeus with its apex darkened, its disc
smooth, with only a few scattered punctures ; mandibles ferruginous
except at base ; thorax almost entirely nude. Short white hairs on hind
part of metathorax and lower part of pleura ; mesothorax and scutellum
very shiny, punctured at the sides, the punctures becoming scattered
centrad, leaving the disc smooth, nearly impunctate ; basal enclosure of
metathorax semilunar, with fairly strong rugse ; pleura well punctured ;
tegulte testaceous ; wings hyaline, faintly yellowish, subcostal nervure
black, other nervures and stigma honey-colour ; third submarginal cell
bulging outwardly, narrowed much less than one-half to marginal ; legs
piceous, with thin white pubescence, knees and tarsi somewhat paler and
more ferruginous ; spurs pallid, hind spur of hind tibiae with large teeth ;
abdomen of the usual form, shining, impunctate, naked, with a very little
pubescence at the end ; ventral surface ferruginous, with very little hair.
The cheeks are broad, but not produced below. One ?. Known from
the few species of similar coloration by the smooth, not granular, meso-
thorax, etc. It is perhaps nearest to If. hnpunis, Cr., but differs by the
scanty pubescence of face, colour of nervures, etc.

(6.) Ceratina arizouensis, n. sp. — ^. Length about 3}^ mm.,
shining black ; face narrow, entirely ivory white up to level of antennre,
except the supraclypeal area, which is black ; lateral sutures of clypeus
marked by a black line ; anterior edge of clypeus with a dark spot on
each side ; labrum ivory-colour, with a dark spot on each side ; mandibles
black, ferruginous towards ends, but dark at tip ; vertex smooth and
impunctate, occiput with strong, large punctures ; cheeks smooth and
impunctate, except quite posteriorly ; flagellum brown ; mesothorax
punctured in front and along hind margin, centrally impunctate ; scutellum
punctured ; base of metathorax minutely striate-granular, more or less
tessellate ; tarsi pale ferruginous, anterior tarsi more or less white
in front ; anterior tibiae white in front, brownish-ferruginous behind ;
anterior femora black, apex and a stripe beneath for the apical two-thirds,
white ; four hind knees white, the white continued as a stripe on the
tibite ; tubercles white; wings rather dull hyaline, strongly iridescent.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239

nerviires and stigma piceous or dark brown ; abdomen punctate, apex
broadly truncate, the truncation slightly concave.

Several specimens. This species does not resemble any of those
described from North America. In its black colour, and the truncate apex
of the abdomen, it resembles the European C. cuairbiiina, Rossi. In
the pale face it resembles C. Marazvitzii, Sickm., and C. flavipes, Sm.,
from China. It is therefore a species of unusual interest.

A NEW SQUASH BUG.

BY F. H. CHITTENDEN, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In the course of an investigation of insects affecting cucurbits, begun
in a preliminary way in the season of 1897, ^^ ^ P^^t of the official work
of the Division of Entomology of the Department of Agriculture, it was
found that we have in addition to the common squash bug, Anasa tristis,
DeG., a second species sufficiently resembling it as to have readily
escaped the notice of the average observer, but at the same time quite
distinct in all its stages. This species is Anasa armigera. Say, and it
was first observed on cucurbits by the writer July 12, near Colonial Beach,
Va., where it occurred on cucumbers. Afterward it was taken by the
writer and Mr. F. C. Pratt, of the Division of Entomology, who has assisted
in field investigations and collections on different cucurbits, at Ballston,
Va., Poolesville and Seat Pleasant, Md., and on the Conduit Road and
at Tenleytown, D. C. At the last mentioned place it occurred in great
abundance on a late crop of cucumbers and watermelons. As late as the
29th of September, all stages of the insect were found, including the egg.
The present year the species was found to be nearly as abundant in some
localities- as the common squash bug. Such was the case at Marshall
Hall, Md., and in one locality in the District of Columbia. It was also
observed on squash at College Station and Kensington, Md., and on
cucumber at Cabin John, Md.

Anasa armigera appears to have very much the same habits as its
more common congener, preferring squash of all cultivated plants, but
feeding ou canteloupe and other curcurbits when squash is not available.
It is noticeably more active than tristis, flying freely in the hot siinshine
and exposing itself on the upper surface of the leaves in midday. It also
has a later season, appearing three weeks later, according to recent
observations, and remaining in the field after the common species has
gone into hibernation. Evidently it is a southern form, and perhaps has

240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

not till recently been present in such numbers as we now know it to be
in and about the District of Columbia. It has not, to my knowledge,
been taken in this neighbourhood prior to 1884, wlien a single individual
was captured by Mr. Otto Heidemann, in the District of Columbia. Now
it is present here wherever curcurbits are grown, and it has come to stay
if the last two seasons are a criterion. A number of these bugs were
placed on a squash plant on the Department grounds the ist of October,
1897, ^'"'d the following July several were collected there that had very
evidently survived the winter from this lot, as there is little possibility
that they flew in from some outside source.

The species has been sent in through correspondents of the Depart-
ment but once. August 5, 1898, specimens were received from Mr.
H. J. Gerling, with report that they were taken on cucumber at St.
Charles, Mo.

For the identification of this species, it should be said that it is of
nearly the same size as irisiis, but may be easily distinguished by its
broader prothorax and more prominent angles, the reflected sides of the
abdomen, showing four prominent white marks on the hemelytra, and its
armed femora, whence is derived its specific name. The upper surface
is brown, the legs and first joints of the antennae whitish, spotted and
irrorated with black. In front of each eye is an acute porrect spine.

The egg is of nearly the same size and proportions as that of tristis,
but it is much lighter in colour, being light golden bronze instead of dark
bronzy brown, the normal colour of the latter. In its active stages, how-
ever, it is quite distinct, being lighter in colour, with the legs ornamented
by alternate bands of red or black and white.

It is impossible at present to define the exact economic status of this
species. Certainly it is not a first-class pest in its northern range, and,
from its observed later appearance, hardly likely to become so. It is
capable, however, of injuring late crops of all the curcurbits.

In addition to the localities mentioned, the species is known from
Kansas, Western Iowa, and Florida.

It is ho])ed that the readers of this publication who have opportunity
of observing curcurbit insects will keep a lookout for this squash bug, and
send specimens, if they are successful in securing them, that we may be
able to identify the species and thus learn more of its distribution.
Specimens will be returned if desired.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241

np:w species of north American myrmelionid^.

BY ROLLA P. CURRIE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
III.

Brachvnemurus HuBiiARDii, new species.

Male. — Length, 46 mm.; expanse of wings, 49.5 mm.; greatest
width of anterior wing, 6 mm.; length of antenna, 9 mm. Very slender;
yellow, marked with dark fuscous ; sparsely hairy, more thickly on
abdomen.

Face scarcely convex, yellowish; above, a broad pitchy-black band,
notched in middle below, extending around the antennte on outer side ; a
faint fuscous line extends from centre of notch almost to clypeus ; furro\y
between face and inner orbit of the eye, fuscous. Circumocular area
yellowish, except along depressed portion of the vertex, where it is dark
fuscous, and below, near maxillary palpiger, where there is a black spot.
Clypeus yellowish, with a few coarse black hairs. Labrum transverse,
rounded laterally and narrowed anteriorly, somewhat emarginate in front,
yellowish, slightly tinged with rufous, several coarse dark hairs on
anterior border. Mandibles piceous, black at tips; on inner edge, near
apex, a tooth.

Maxillary palpi yellowish, slightly tinged with rufous apically ; first
two joints short, subequal, about as broad as long ; third joint somewhat
longer than first two together, perceptibly curved, enlarged apically ;
fourth joint straight, a little shorter than third ; last joint somewhat
longer than third, subcylindrical, truncate at tip, and slightly notched.

Labial palpi about same length as maxillary, yellowish ; first joint
not quite twice as long as broad, enlarged apically ; second joint more
than twice as long as first, slightly curved, strongly widened and thickened
apically ; third joint about same length as second, fusiform, faintly hairy,
tinged with rufous around ocelloid spot and on tip ; the latter fine,
truncate, slightly notched.

Maxillary palpigers yellowish, with some dark fuscous spots.
Labium, labial palpigers, mentum and gula yellowish, the latter clouded
with fuscous ; the mentum bears a long, coarse, black bristle and a few
black hairs.

Antenna3 clavate, longer than head and thorax ; fuscous, articulations
yellowish, more distinctly so on basal joints ; clothed with very short,

242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Stiff hairs; first and second antennal joints piceous, yellowish at bases
and apices ; a yellowish crescent bounds base of first joint in front
Between the antennte posteriorly, a narrow transverse yellowish band.

Vertex elevated behind, rounded, yellowish ; in front, on depressed
portion and anterior part of elevated portion, dark fuscous ; longitudinal
median furrow and an irregular spot each side, behind, dark fuscous.

Pronotum as broad as long at base, somewhat narrowed anteriorly,
yellowish ; anterior angles rounded, front margin slightly emarginate ;
four longitudinal dark fuscous lines.* Lateral carinae yellowish. Below
yellowish; on each side, at base of anterior legs, a dark fuscous spot,
produced anteriorly along the carina.

Mesonotum yellowish ; lobes moderately elevated, marked similarly
to those of B. 4-piinctatiis.\ Sides and beneath yellowish, marked
with fuscous.

Metanotum yellowish, lobes less elevated than those of mesonotum ;
marked much as those of B. 4-punctatus ; the two longitudinal lines
which unite to form the " U " and heart-shaped markings in the latter,
however, approach medially, but do not meet, in this species, giving the
appearance of a letter "X" when viewed from a distance. Sides and
beneath yellowish, marked with fuscous.

Abdomen longer than wings, yellowish, a fuscous stripe each side, on
dorsum and venter ; the dorsal stripe is separated from the ventral by the
lateral suture only ; a longitudinal median fuscous stripe on venter on
basal segments. A longitudinal median fuscous line, also, on dorsum of
apical segments. All markings of apical segments more extended so as
to make these segments almost entirely fuscous.

Tip of abdomen luteous, clouded with fuscous; clothed with long
dark hairs ; appendages one-half the length of seventh segment, slender,
somewhat flattened laterally, divergent on apical half; luteous, clouded
with fuscous, clothed with coarse black bristles ; between the appendages
below, a short triangular fuscous plate. |

Legs short and slender, yellowish, beset with numerous black hairs

*0n the female specimen, the outer lines are nearly interrupted at the transverse
furrow.

fCAN. Ent., XXX , 5, 1S98, p. 138, These markings seem to be, in a rough
way, continuations of the four longitudinal lines of the pronotum.

JThis seems to be the ventral projection of the sh irt eighth segment.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243

and some coarse black spines (most of which latter are black, the rest
luteous) ; tibife each with a transverse piceous line on outer side near
base ; sometimes clouded with piceous at articulations with femora ;
ringed with piceous at their apices. Tibial spurs as long as first two
tarsal joints, in anterior and middle legs (in posterior, somewhat shorter) ;
slightly curved, rufo-piceous. Tarsal joints piceous at their apices ;
claws considerably more than half the length of last tarsal joint,
moderately curved, rufo-piceous.

Wings of moderate size, hyaline, the posterior margins sinuate
apicaliy ; venation hairy. Pterostigma small, luteous, reaching forward
only halfway to the costal margin. Intercostals in apical half of anterior
wings forked, a somewhat less number forked in posterior wings. Veins-
luteous, interrupted, principally at junctures with other veins, with fuscous.

Anterior wings with series of small fuscous spots or cloudings,
principally along anterior side of submedian vein and posterior side of
the first longitudinal vein above it ; a few spots and cloudings also at tip
of submedian vein, at bases of smaller forks, and along veins near
posterior border ; posterior wings quite a little shorter than anterior,
immaculate. Posterior borders of both wings fringed with fine hairs.

Female. — Length, 28 mm.; expanse of wings, 49.5 mm.; greatest
width of anterior wing, 6.3 mm.; length of antenna, 6 mm.

Antennae more clavate than in male. Abdomen a little shorter than
wings ; marked similarly to that of the male, but the mid-dorsal stripe
exists on all the segments, while the mid-ventral stripe of basal segments
is absent. Tip of abdomen luteous, clothed above with long black hairs ;
superior parts split ; inferior part beset vvith coarse, blunt, black spines ;
below, two small cylindrical luteous appendages, three times as long as
broad, with some very long, black hairs or bristles. Anterior wings
almost immaculate, a few very small faint cloudings along submedian and
post-costal veins.

Type. — No. 4070, U. S. National Museum. One male specimen
collected at Fort Grant, Arizona, July 22, 1897, by Mr. Henry G.
Hubbard.

No. 4070 ajgU. S. National Museum. One female, vvith same locality
and date, collected by Mr. Hubbard.

A handsome little species, resembling somewliat, in general appear-
ance, B. abdoininalis (Say).

244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW COCCID.^.

BY EDW. M. EHRHORN, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL.

Eriococcus adefiostomce, n. sp.

^ enclosed in an oval (at one end more or less pointed) sac about
3 mm. long and i]/^ mm. broad, woolly, snow-white, of uniform texture.

? oval, about half again as long as broad, dark purple, turning bright
crimson when placed in K. H. O. Body about i^^ mm. long. Antennae
light brown, 7-jointed, formula: approximately (347) (12) 56, joint 3 equal
5 + 6. Most of the joints with hairs ; joint 7 with several comparatively
long hairs.

Legs light brown, large and stout. Each joint with one or more
bristles. Femur quite swollen. Tarsus a trifle longer than tibia. Claw
stout and curved. Both tarsus and claw with long filiform digitules.

Posterior tubercles short and rounded, with one very long, stout
bristle and two shorter ones on their outer margin. Anal ring large, with
eight long bristles. Derm colourless, with quantities of small spines and
rounded glands distributed all over the dorsum.

Sac of $ smaller and narrower than that of the $ , colour more
creamy.

Hab. — On Adenostovia fasciculatum, in the mountains, near Moun-
tain View, Cal.
Lecanium ptibescens, n. sp.

$ scale about 4 mm. long, 2}^ broad, and 2 mm. high, moderately
soft, before gestation covered with very soft hair. Colour blackish-brown,
more on the black, with a yellow longitudinal band on the dorsum.
Dorsum pitted and margin slightly wrinkled. Some specimens show a
lighter colour. When removed from twig the insect leaves a small
amount of white powder.

Derm by transmitted light colourless, except margin, which is light
brown, with numerous small round gland pores. Margin with a
double row of minute simple spines, lateral incisions with one moder-
ately stout spine and two short ones. Anal plates large, outer corner
forming a right angle, with several hairs at tip and a long, stout hair on
each plate. Anogenital ring with six long, stout hairs. Legs slender.
Tibia and tarsus about equal. Femur a little longer than tibia. Coxa,
trochanter and femur each with a hair. Claw curved, with slender

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245

knobbed digitules. Tarsal digitules with very fine, long, knobbed hairs.
AntennjE 7-jointed, formula : 43(12)7(56). Joint 4 very little longer
than 3. Joint, i, 2, 4, 6 each with a hair; joint 7 with several hairs.

c{ scale glassy white with median ridge, about i ^ mm. long.

^ body dark red-brown, legs and antenna? light brown. Wings
extend ys beyond body, colour iridescent. Thorax with two elevated
ridges much darker than body. Antennae very hairy.

Hab. — On Querais sp., in the mountains, near Mountain View, Cal.
Lecaiiium Crawii, n. sp.

? scales not crowding each other; hemispherical, about 3 mm. long,
2 mm. broad and i}^ mm. high, oval, shiny, brown, getting darker with
age. Margin generally lighter than dorsum.

V before gestation light brown, shiny. Derm, by transmitted light,
brown, with numerous oval gland orifices. Marginal hairs very short and
slender. Lateral incisions each with three stout but not long spines.
Antennae 7-jointed, 3 longest, twice as long as 4. Joints 5 and 6 very
short. Joints i and 2 about equal. Formula : 347 (12) 56. Anal plates
broad but not very large. Anogenital ring with six moderately slender
hairs. Legs quite stout. Coxa and femur with stout hair. Femur very
little longer than tibia. Tibia and tarsus about equally long. Claw stout
and curved. Tarsal digitules moderately stout, knobbed hairs. Digitules
of claw not stout, a little longer than claw, more or less club-shaped.

Larva light yellow, with distinct ridge on dorsum dividing scale
lengthwise. Oval, about twice as long as broad. Rostral loop extending
to third pair of legs.

Hab. — On Acer jnacrophylhim, in the mountains, near Mountain
View, Cal.

Corny s fiisca was reared from this species.
Lecanium 7'efiirale, n. sp.

? scale about 4^ mm. long, 3 mm. broad, i mm. high. Oval
when seen from above. Soft texture, very much like Z. hesperiduiu ; light
brown, not very convex, and a dark brown border near margin. Dorsum
pitted and margin moderately wrinkled, an indistinct mesial ridge.

$ colour greenish-yellow, with a brown longitudinal line on the
dorsum, also two brown lines forming a double cross with the dorsal line,
more or less wrinkled and pitted. Ventral view shows the abdomen

246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

a dark purple-brown with very distinct segmentation. Viviparous.

After boiling in soda, derm colourless. Margin with small curved
spines. Lateral incisions with long, stout, curved spine and two shorter
ones. Anal plates large, with blunt tips, bearing several hairs and notched
on outer margin, together forming a square. Each plate has a distinct
brown projection into the body. Anogenital ring with six hairs, which
are very long, extending fi over the plates. Legs stout, coxa and femur
each with a stout hair. Femur J^ longer than tibia. Tarsal digitules
long, knobbed hairs, digitules of claw broad and thick. Claw stout and
curved. Antennae y-jointed, formula: 34721 (56). Joints i and 2 with
two hairs each. Joints 4, 5, 6 and 7 with several hairs. Joint 3 very little
longer than 4. Joints 5 and 6 equal. Larva lemon-yellow, very flat,
shiny, oval, about twice as long as broad.

Hab.— On tuberous plafit in Japanese Nursery, at San Jose, Cal.

Ejicyrtus flavus and Coccophagus /ecanii were reared from this
species.

Supplementary Note, and Notice of a New Eriococcus.

BY T. D. a. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Mr. Ehrhorn has been so kind as to send me examples of all his new
species above described, and I have also been allowed to examine his
type slides. The following remarks are offered as a result of the exami-
nation of this material. The measurements of antennie and legs given
are all in thousandths of a millimetre :

Eriococcus adenostomce, Ehrh.— This is a distinct little species, with
a pure white sac.

The following measurements will help to separate several of our
species of Eriococcus :

Antenn3e of adult female: Segments— 1234567 Formula.

E. adenostoiiue, YA\xh ? 25. 33. 25. 16. 16. 31. 37(24X56).

E. neglecttis, CkW ? 16. 33. 11. 14. 25. .. 36254.

E. (]uercus,Coms\. ? 47- 53-. 5°- 22. 25. 42. 342765.

E. Tinsleyi, CkW., x\.s^. (a).... 1 31. 45. 45. 25. 19. 25, (34)2(57)6.

„ „ „ {b) ? 28. loi. 16. 14. 28. .. 3(26)45.

Of course there is considerable variation, and these figures merely
represent average specimens selected. The first segment is more or less
ringlike, and its length could not be welt measured.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247

Anterior leg of adult female : Tibia. Tarsus (excl. claw). Claw.

E. adenostoniie, Ehrh 84. 90. 28.

E. negledus, Ckll 62. 76. 22.

E. quercits, Comst 155. 76. 28.

E. Tinsleyi, Ckll., n. sp 98. 107. 33.

In adenostovice the femur is very stout ; length iiS, breadtli 64.

The E. guercus studied was found by Mr. Quaintance on Quercus
aquatica, at Lake City, Florida, Jnn. 12.

Eriococcus Tinsleyi, Ckll., n. sp., was found by Prof. J. D. Tuisley,
April 30ih, 1898, on roots oi Atriplex canescens, close to the Agricultural
College at Mesilla Park, New Mexico. The sac is 4 mm. long, of the
ordinary form and texture of the genus ; yellowish-white. Female
removed from ovisac plump, 3 mm. long, nearly 2 broad, not tapering
behind, delicately and very thinly pubescent, pale brown with a purple
tinge, two purplish dorsal bands faintly indicated. Legs and antennae
light brown. Antennae sometimes with 6, sometimes with 7, segments, as
above. The ? , placed in K. H. O., immediately turns brilliant crimson.

Larva pale sage green, naked. Immature $ purplish-gray, quite
bristly with white filaments, or it may be better to say, thinly but con-
spicuously beset with short white bristles. Eggs pale lemon yellow.
Allied to E. dubius, Ckll.

Lecanium pubescens, Ehrhorn, is a Eulecanijcm related to Z. querci/ex,
Fitch, but differing in the smaller size, and the details of the legs and
antennas. Under a high power the skin is seen to be minutely tessellate,
in the manner usual in the subgenus.

L. Crawii, Ehrh., is also a EiiUcanium. It has a good deal of
superficial resemblance to L. nigrofasciatum, Pergande, ined., being of
about the same size and shape, though of a different colour.

Z. ventrale, Ehrh., is related to Z, acumitiatum, Sign., but differs in
the longer tarsus.

The following tables will assist in the recognition of these species :

Antennte of adult female : .Segments — i 234567 Formula.

L. pubescens 45. 45. 64. 73. 33. 28. 47. 437(12)56.

L. Crawii 25. 31. 53. 67. 19. 16. 33. 4372156.

L. ventrale 28. 39. 64. 73. 22. 25. 45. 4372165.

Anterior leg of adult female : Tibia. Tarsus (excl, claw). Claw.

L, pitl'esceiis 118. 84. 19.

A. Crawii 95. 70,

L. ventrale 104. 73. 16.

248 THE CANADUN ENTOMOLOGIST.

CORRESPONDENCE.

FOOD PLANT OF EUPHANESSA MENDICA.

On page 227, Vol. III., Canadian Entomologist, I find note of
Mr. Saunders's unsuccessful endeavours to find the food plant of this
species, and no record of the food plant is contained in Bulletin No. 35
of the United States National Museum, " Bibliographical Catalogue of
the Described Transformations of North American Lepidoptera," by
Henry Edwards. I offer the following information upon this matter :
While picking the common violet, something dropped from one of the
leaves, and as the leaf was considerably eaten I at once made careful
search. I found a larva in the form of an eye (such as is used by dress-
makers) among and hardly distinguishable from dried grasses and twigs,
except by its peculiar form. I gathered nine or ten of these, in different
stages, and reared them to maturity. The larva, so far as I can remem-
ber, having made no notes, varies very little in form or colour in any of its
stages. The larv?e are very easily reared. The chrysalis is formed
between twigs or leaves knit together by several silken threads, in which
state it remains about ten days. Frank Lucock, Pittsburg, Pa.

Dr. O. Hofmann, Uber die Anordnung der borstentragenden Warzen
bei der Raupen der Pterophoriden.
Prof Grote has kindly sent me a copy of this article by Dr. Hofmann,
published in the " lUustrierte Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie." Dr. Hofmann
gives figures showing the arrangement of the warts in the larva? of certain
Pterophoridfe. He shows that the setae may vary from single to multiple,
that tubercles i. and ii. may be separate or united and that iv. and v. may
be separate (fig. 7). On the basis of this variation, he criticises the value
of the larval characters in classification, saying, " After we have seen how
many modifications the normal type of wart formation may undergo in
the small, well-limited family Pterophoridae, which is evidently a natural
family, we cannot give the same high systematic value to it as Dyar does,"
etc. Dr. Hofmann has encountered an extreme case; but it does not
invalidate my larval classification, as he seems to think. I have not con-
tended that family characters were strongly marked in the larvse, though
they are often well indicated. My contention has been for the super-
family groups, and these are not in any way invalidated by Dr. Hofmann's

facts, as a reference to my definitions will show.

Harrison G. Dyar.

Mailed September 12th, 1898.

%l\t Cauiidian miitowolo^bt*

Vol. XXX. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1898. No. 10.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR
THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF
INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEU.M.

(Paper No. 5.)
Family IX. — Selandriid.*;.

After the removal of the Strotigylogasterifice, whicli, to a certain
extent, form a connecting link between this family and the Tenthredinid?e,
but which, on accoimt of their elongate shape and their cephalic and
abdominal characteristics, I have placed with the latter family rather than
retain here, there need be no difficulty in separating the Sehmdriidce
from all the other families by the characters made use of in my table.

The species have a peculiar habitus quite their own, and wiih a
little care one may easily recognize a Selandriid without even the trouble
of an examination.

The head is more transverse, the temples much narrower, not nearly
so quadrate as in the Strongylogasterince ; the antenna? are shorter, the
scape or first joint not or rarely much longer than the pedicel or second
joint ; the wings are proportionately shorter and broader, the costal vein
being much dilated or broadened towards the apex, before the stigma ;
while the abdomen is much shorter, broader and oviform.

I have separated the family into four subfamilies, distinguished as
follows :

Table of Subfamilies.

Lanceolate cell petiolate (in only a single genus Kaliosysphinga ^ Pseudo-
dineura, Konow, does it appear contracted, but in this genus the anal
vein is faint or sub-obsolete before uniting with the submedian vein, while
the anal cell in the hind wing is wanting). ..Subfamily I., Blennocampina;.
Lanceolate cell contracted before the middle, but still open, and some-
times with an oblique or transverse nervure between it and the apex.
Antennae 4-jointed, the third joint very long, the fourth or last very
minute Subfamily II., Blastigotominae.

250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Antennae 7-15-jointed (in a single case 22-jointed), the third joint
not unusually long, often shorter or not longer than the

fourth Subfamily III., Selandriinse.

Lanceolate cell contracted at or a little before the middle, and completely

closed Subfamily IV., Hoplocanipinse.

Subfamily I. — Blennocampin^.
The distinctly petiolated lanceolate cell in the front wings readily
distinguishes this group. The anal vein is usually entirely wanting ; in
only two or three genera is it present, and with these genera some difft-
cLilty might arise in placing, since this vein curves upwards towards the
submedian, and thus resembles somewhat the contracted lanceolate cell
of the Hoplocampincp.. The vein, however, does not quite attain the sub-
median, and there is always a distinct space between them.

Table of Genera.

Front wings with four submarginal cells 4.

Front wings with three submarginal cells, the first transverse cubitus
wanting, rarely with the second transverse cubitus wanting.

Hind wings with two discal cells 3.

Hind wings without discal cells 2 .

2. Antennae ii-14-jointed Fenella, Westw.

Antennae 9-jointed.

Hind wings with a distinct anal cell Fenusa, Leach.

Hind wings without an anal cell Kaliosysphinga, Tischb.

( = Pseudodineura, Konow.)

3. Front wings with the second transverse cubitus wanting; head

transverse ; clypeus anteriorly truncate Pelmatopus, Hartig.

Front wings with the first transverse cubitus wanting ; head
large, quadrate, the temples broad ; clypeus anteriorly deeply
emarginate ; antennae densely hairy, the third joint nearly as
long as joints 4-5 united. Xenapates, Cameron.

4. Second recurrent nervure joining the third submarginal cell 5.

5. Eyes extending to base of mandibles or at most with only a linear

space between 10.

Eyes more or less distant from base of mandibles, with a distinct
space between 6.

6. Hind wings not surrounded by a bordering nervure at apex 7.

Hind wings surrounded by a bordering nervure at apex.

No discal cell in hind wings \ claws bifid or with a tooth within.

ta^ CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, petiolate or

subpetiolate. S Periclista, Konow.

Anal cell in hind wings fully as long as the sub-
median. (^ Isodyctium, Ashm.

7. Hind wings without a closed discal cell 9.

Hind wings with a closed discal cell.

Claws simple, or with a very minute, scarcely perceptible tooth

within 8.

Claws cleft, or with a large tooth within.

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian cell.
Transverse median nervure in hind wings received by
the discal cell at or somewhat beyond the middle ;
sheaths of ovipositor equally thickened and more
or less obliquely pointed at apex ; third joint of
antennre almost as long as joints 4-5 united.

$ Periclista, Konow.

Transverse median nervure in hind wings received by
the discal cell before the middle ; sheaths of oviposi-
tor produced at apex into a thorn-like tip.

$ Ardis, Konow.

Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian.

9 Isodyctium, Ashm.

S. Third joint of antennae longer than the fourth ; sheaths of ovipositor

at tips obtuse Pareophora, Konow.

Third joint of antennje a little shorter than the fourth, never longer ]
sheaths of ovipositor at tips rounded ; clypeus anteriorly

truncate Rhadinocersea, Konow.

9. Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian.

$ Isodyctium, Ashm.

Anal cell in hmd wings shorter than the submedian.

S Ardis, Konow.

ID. Presternum of mesosternum not at all separated by a suture. ... 11.
Prtesternum of mososternum separated by a distinct suture ; clypeus
anteriorly truncate ; hind wings with one discal cell, the anal
cell shorter than the submedian; claws long,

simple Tomostethus, Thomson.

I r. Hind wings with one discal cell 15.

Hind wings without a discal cell.

252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hind wings with the marginal cell pointed at apex, and some-
times open 14.

Hind wings with the marginal cell well roimded at aj^ex, with-
out an appendage ; a surrounding nervure at apex 13.

Hind wings with the marginal cell well rounded at apex, but
ivitJi an appendage ; no surrounding nervure at apex . . . . 12.

12. Third transverse cubitus curved inwardly, not extending in the same

direction with the transverse radius, the third submarginal cell
considerably larger than the first and second united ; antennae
densely pilose, tapering towards tips, the third joint longer than

the fourth ; claws cleft. ^ ^ Parazarca, Ashm.

Third transverse cubitus straight, or nearly so, running in the same
direction with the transverse radius ; antennae pubescent, the
third joint nearly as long as joints 4-5 united.

Claws cleft or bifid ; anal vein in front wings straight, not
curving upwards at tip ; transverse cubitus in hind wings not
short, the anal cell somewhat briefly petiolate.

9 Eryihraspides, Ashm.

Claws simple ; anal vein in front wings curving upwards at tip ;
transverse cubitus in hind wings very short, the anal cell
longly petiolate. $ $ Blennacampa, Hartig.

13. Third transverse cubitus curved inwardly, not extending in the

same direction with the transverse radius, divergent ; third sub-
marginal cell larger than the first and second united ; pedicel as
long as the scape, about thrice as long as thick at apex.

(^ Calozarca, Ashm.

Third transverse cubitus straight, or nearly so, and running in the
same direction with the transverse radius ; third submarginal cell
hardly larger than the second, much smaller than the first and
second united ; pedicel shorter than the scape, only a little longer
than thick. ^ Erythraspides, Ashm.

14. Third transverse cubitus in front wings not running in the same

direction with the transverse radius ; marginal cell in hind wings
7vith an appendage ; third joint of antenncC much shorter
than joints 4-5 united ; claws with a small tooth

within Scolioneura, Konow.

Third transverse cubitus almost interstitial with the transverse radius
and having the same direction ; marginal cell in hind wings

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253

-iviihout an appendage, sometimes open at apex ; claws with a

strong tooth at base Entodecta, Konow.

15. Hind tarsi usually longer than their tibii^ ; clypeus very small,
transverse linear ; antennae densely pilose, the third joint longer
than the fourth ; anal cell in hind wings a little shorter than the

subinedian. 9 $ Zarca, Cameron.

Hind tarsi not longer than their tibiif ; clypeus not unusually small,
anteriorly subeniarginate or truncate.

Antennie pubescent, the third joint distinctly longer than either
the fourth or fifth.

Third submarginal cell longer than t-2 united ; antennaj
densely pilose, tapering oft' toward tips, the third joint

about as long as 6-9 united Calozarca, Ashm.

Third submarginal cell not longer than 1-2 united; anten-
nae pubescent, the third joint not longer than 4-5 united.
Claws cleft ; transverse radius and the third transverse
cubitus running in the same direction ; larvae with

forked spines Monophadnoides, Ashm.^ n. g.

(Type M. rubi, Harris.)

, Claws simple, or with a minute tooth near the middle;

transverse radius and the third transverse cubitus

not running in the same direction, divergent ; larvae

smooth Monophadmus, Hartig.

(Type T. albipes, Gmel.)

Antennae clothed with long appressed hairs, the third and

fourths joints equal, the fifth longer, all somewhat thickened

toward tips Senociia, Cameron.

Subfamily H. — BlasticotomiN/«.
This group is confined to Europe, and is represented by a single
genus, with one species, the Blasticotoma filiceti, Klug. The species in
some of its characters, especially in the antennse, is quite anomalous. It
has been shifted from one place to another by different authorities, but to
me seems to belong to the Selandriidse The shape, especially of the
head and thorax, agrees quite closely with such genera as Rhadinocercea,
Phymatocera and Tomosteihus, while the venation agrees fairly well with
many other of the Selandriida?, the only real difference being in the
more distinctly petiolated first discoidal cell, caused by the cubitus
originating farther away from the apex of the basal nervure than is

264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

usual. The first discoidal cell in Athalia annu/aia is, however,
similarly petiolated. The antenna alone, therefore, offer any very striking
difference : They are four-jointed, the third joint being very long, the
fourth or last very minute. At first siglu they appear wholly different
from other sawflies, and I was almost inclined to consider them of family
value, as I have the three-jointed antennne in the Hylotomidoe ; but on
submitting them to a high-power lens I was able to see that the long
third joint was resolvable into seven indistinct annulations, caused by
the amalgamation of seven distinct joints. This discovery demonstrated
that the antennje were originally, in ages long past, lo-jointed, and had
an affinity with such genera as Athalia and Phyllotoma. I therefore
consider Blasticotoma to be an anomalous Selandriid. Like Athalia, it
probably had its origin in the tropics, and has been changed structurally
in its struggle for existence in a colder clime.

In addition to the 4-jointed antennse, the genus may be further
distinguished by the following characters :

Hind vvings with two discal cells ; claws with a small tooth within ;

ovipositor subexserted Blasticotoma, Klug.

Subfamily III. — Selandriin^.

This subfamily differs from the others, except the Blasticoto mince, by*'
having the lanceolate cell, in the front wings, contracted a little before
the middle, but still open, the contracted part not quite attaining to the
submedian vein. This cell is also sometimes divided by an oblique or
transverse nervure between this contraction and its apex, a character
frequently found in the Strongylogasterince, and thus some Selandriines
might be easily mistaken for species in that subfamily. The Strongylogas-
terines, however, are always distinguished by the more elongate shape,-
the larger, more quadrate head, longer antennti3, longer scape, and by the
more distinct costal cell, the costal vein being slenderer, not so much
thickened towards apex.

The number of joints in the antennee, 9-22, readily separate the
Selandriines from the Blasticotomince. The abdomen is always short,
oviform, the head transverse, the temples rather narrow ; the vertex, seen
from the side, convexly rounded from the ocelli to the base of antennce ;
there is no well-marked furrow or groove between the antennse and the
eyes, as in the Tenihredinidce, while the scape is small, not or scarcely
larger than the pedicel.

The genera may be readily recognized with the aid of the following
table :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255

Table of Genera.

Antenn?e 9-jointed 3.

Antennae more than 9 jointed (10- to 22-jointed).

Front wings with four submarginal cells, the second and third each

receiving a recurrent nervure 2.

Front wings with three submarginal cells, the first transverse cubitus
absent or indistinct.

Antennae io-15-jointed 3 hind wings with one

discal cell Phyllotoma, Fallen.

2. Hind wings with one discal cell.

Antennae io-i5-jointed Phyllotoma, P'allen.

Hind wings with two discal cells.

Antennae lo-i i-jointed. ^ ? Athalia, Leach.

Antennee 2 2-jointed. (^ Hennedyia, Cameron.

3. Lanceolate cell with an oblique or transverse nervure between the

contraction and the apex 4.

T^anceolate cell without suth a nervure.

Front wings with four submarginal cells, the costal vein much
thickened before the stigma; hind wings with two discal cells.
Anal cell in hind wings as long or a little longer than the sub-
median cell ; cubitus in front wings strongly angularly bent

at its origin ; claws strong, simple Selandria, Klug.

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian ; cubitus
in front wings not angularly bent at its origin ; claws with a

median tooth beneath Paraselandria, Ashm., n. g

(Type S. flavens, Klug.)

4. Eyes not extending to base of mandibles 7

Eyes extending to base of mandibles.

Hind wings with two discal cells 6

flind wings with one discal cell 5

Hind wings without a discal cell.

Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex, the anal eel
shorter than the submedian ; claws simple.

^ Periclistoptera, Ashm., n. g

(Type M. alba, Nort.)
Hind wings without a surrounding nervure at apex, the ana
cell shorter than the submedian ; claws simple.
^ Periclistoptera, Ashm.

256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

5. Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, petiolate at

apex, claws with a large triangular tooth at

base Endeloniyia, Ashm., n. g.

(Type M. rosfe, Harris.)

6. Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian ; claws simple or

with a small tooth within. ? ^ Caliroa, Costa.

( = Eriocampoides, Konow.)'

(Type E. cinxia, King., = C. sebetia, Costa.)

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian ; claws

cleft Eriocampa, Hartig.

7. Front wings with three submarginal cells, the first transverse cubitus

wanting 10.

Front wings with four submarginal cells 8.

8. Hind wings with one discal cell 9.

Hind wings with two discal cells ; claws

simple Eriocampidea, Ashm, n. g.

(Type E. arizonensis, Ashm.)
Hind wings without a discal cell.
Hind wings with a bordering nervure at

apex Tetratneura, Ashm., n. g.

(Type M. ignota, Nort.)

9. Anal cell in hind wings as long or a little longer than the submedian

cell. $ Tetratneura, Ashm.

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, petiolate at
apex ; claws with a tooth beyond the middle.. Pcecilostoma, Dahbb.

( = Monostegia, Costa.)
10. Hind wings with one discal cell.

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian ; claws with a

long acute median tooth Poecilostomidea, Ashm., n. g.

(Type P. maculata, Nort.)

Subfamily IV. — HoplocampiN/E.

This subfamily is at once separated from the others by the distinctly

contracted lanceolate cell in the front wings, the contracted part, unlike

the Selandriinai, extetiding to and uniting with the submediaii vein. The

genera are not numerous, and may be separated as follows :

Table of Genera.
Four submarginal cells, the second and third each receiving a recurrent
nervure \ hind wings with two discal cells.

I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 257

Claws simple , 3.

Claws cleft or with a tooth near the middle 2.

2. Claws deeply cleft ; labrum anteriorly truncate or subemarginate ;

first joint of flagellum distinctly longer than the

second Zaschizonyx, Ashm., n. g.

(Type H. montana, Cr.)
Claws with a small tooth beneath, a little beyond the middle ;
labrum anteriorly rounded, semicircular ; first joint of flagellum a
little shorter than the second, rarely somewhat

longer MacGillivraya, Ashm., n. g.

(Type M. oregonensis, Ashm.)

3. Anal cell in hind wings longly petiolated ; labrum anteriorly

rounded ; first joint of flagellum not or scarcely longer than the
second Hoplocampa, Hartig.

NOTE ON THE LARVA OF MELANOMMA AURICINC-
TARIUM, GROTE.

This genus will have to be transferred to the Noctuidie.

Larva cylindrical, feet normal on joints 7-10, 13, about equally
developed. Tubercles minute, setae long, fine, iv. opposite the lower
edge of the spiracle, a little nearer to v. than to iii., and rather far behind
the spiracle ; setre single, several on the smooth leg plates. Segments
obscurely 5-annulate. All green ; spiracles small, brown ; no marks ;
cervical shield and anal plate uncornified, invisible. (Head broken off.)
Feeds on " hockelberry " (Vaccinium ?).

Washington, D. C., colls. U. S Nat. Museum.

The larva resembles the Deltoids.

The moth is a Noctuid in venation. In Hampson's tables (which I
recommend American students of Noctuidie to study) I make it fall in the
Palindiinae near the genus Ho))iodes, from which it differs in that vein 7
of fore wings does not join the stalk of 8-9 to form an accessory cell,
while the third joint of palpi is rather long. Dr. Hulst's account of the
genus (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXHL, 294) seems to me erroneous, as I
find veins 8-9 long stalked, and 6 arising well above the middle of cell.

Harrison G. Dyar.

Papilio Ajax. — Mr. C. Troxter, Sr., Louisville, Ky., reports that on
the 7th of May last a female P. ajax emerged from its chrysalis, which
had been kept in a cellar all winter, with all the red on its wings replaced
by yellow,

258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON SOME ONTARIO ACRIDIID^.

BY E. U. WALKER, TORONTO, ONT.

( Continued from page 126. )

III. — CEdIPODIN/E.

10. Aiphia sulphurea, Fabricius.

Gryllus sulphurens. Fab. Species Insectorum, I., 369 (lySi).
Acrydinm suip/nireum, Palisot de Beauvois. Ins. d'Afr., et d'Am.,

145 (1817).
(Edipoda sulphurea, Burm. Haiidbuch, II., 643 (183S).
Locusta sulpluivea, Harr. Ins. Inj to Veg., 177 (1862).
Tomonotus sulpJmrens, Saiiss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool, XIII., 321

(1862).
Arphia sulphurea, Sauss. Prodromus CEd. Ins., etc., 71 (1884).
This species is one of the earliest to appear in the spring, making
itself conspicuous on the wing by its bright yellow wings and rattling
stridulation. It is quite common about Toronto in open, sandy, unculti-
vated lands, especially where these are scattered with low bushes and
scrubby trees. I have never seen it about Lake Simcoe, though there are
spots there which would apparently make a suitable home for it.

My earliest capture of the full-winged insect was on May i6ii"i, 1896,
though it probably appears some days before that.

I think it very probable that Arphia xauthoptera., Germ., is also
found in Ontario, but have not as yet seen a specimen from here.

11. Chortophaga viridifasciata, DeGeer.

Acrydmm viridifasciaium, DeG. Memoires d'lns., III., 498

(1773)-
Gryllus virginianus, Fab. Syst. Entom., 291 (1775).
Locusta ( Tragocephala)viridifasciaia,l\diXr. Ins. Inj., 182 (1862).
" " in/uscata, Harr. Loc. cit., 18 r ([862).

" " radiata, Harr. Loc. cit., 183 (1862).

Tragocephala viridifasciata, Thos. Syn. Acrid., 103 (1873).

" ifi/uscata, Thos. Loc. cit , 102(1873).

Chimarocephala viridifasciata, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

Hist., XIX., 89 (1876).
Chortophaga viridifasciata, Sauss. Prod. Gid., etc., 72 (1884).
This is the first of our locusts, except the Tettiginae, to make its
appearance in the spring. The young are sometimes e.xtremely abundant
in the fall, but large numbers perish during the winter, and though often

THB CANADIAN fiNTOMOLOGIST. 259

numerous in early spring, they are much reduced in numbers. They may
be seen in sunny sheltered spots quite early in the spring and complete
their last transformation about the first or second week in May. They
are found until about the middle of July, but are commonest in May and
early June.

This species is the least particular about its haunts of all our
Gi^dipodince, appearing in open grassy places of almost any kind, whether
the soil be a sandy or a clayey one. It seems to be very generally dis-
tributed in Southern Ontario. I have seen it at Hamilton, Grimsby,
Toronto, DeGrassi Pt., and Clear Lake, Peterborough Co.

The males are almost always of the brown form, inftiscata, green
examples being quite rare. I have, in fact, taken but three specimens of
the latter. Of the females, on the other hand, the majority are green, but
the relative proportion of the two forms is not nearly so unequal as with
the males.

12. Encoptolophus sordidus, Burmeister.

QLdipoda sordida, Burm. Handbuch der Entotn., II., 643 (1838).
. Locusta nebulosa, Harr. Ins. Inj., iSi (1862).
Encoptolophus sordidus,'B\.\xva. Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XVII., 479 (1875).
A very local species in Ontario. I have taken only three specimens,
2 9 and I (^ , at Toronto, and have never seen it about Lake Simcoe. I
found it, however, very abundant at Niagara, Sept. nth, 1893, and its
rattling stridulation could be heard from the trolley window all along the
line between Niagara Falls and Queenston Heights. My Toronto
specimens were taken on the following dates: About Sept. 10, 1892,
I?; Sept. 21, 1896, 1$; Oct. 17, 1897, I (T . It is most commonly
found in dry upland pastures.

13. Camnula pellucida, Scudder.

QLdipoda pellucida, Scudd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII., 472

(1862).
QLdipoda atrox, Scudd. Ap. Hayden Geol. Survey of Nebraska,

253 (1872).

Canumia pellucida, Sauss. Prod. (Ed., etc., 81 (1884).

This is a very abundant grasshopper in riiany parts of Ontario,

especially towards the north. At DeGrassi Pt. it sometimes occurs in

positive swarms, rising up from the grass by the dozens at every stej). It

is not usually as numerous as this, however, though always one of our

260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

commonest grasshoppers. At Toronto it is much less abundant. It
prefers dry, grassy upland pastures, but is also commonly found in other
dry situations, such as burnt woods on sandy soil.

I have taken the full-winged insect from June 24 till about the
beginning of October, but it is not usually seen until July, and specimens
taken in late September are apt to be ragged at the tips of the tegmina
and wings. I have specimens from Nepigon, Lake Superior, Aug. 27,
1897; Clear Lake, Peterborough Co., July 7 and 16, 1897; DeGrassi
Pt., Lake Simcoe, July to late September; Toronto, June and September.
West of Ontario, I have taken it at various points along the Canadian
Pacific Railway from Manitoba to Vancouver Island.

14. Hippiscus tuberculatus, Palisot de Beauvois.

AcrydhcDi tuberculaiu/n, Pal. de Beauv. Insectes d'Afr. et d'Amer.,

145 (1817)-
Locusta corallina, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg., 176 (1862).
CEdipoda pJioenicoptera, Thos. Syn. Acrid., 135 (1873).
Hippiscus plioenicopteriis, Thos. Ninth Rep. State Ent., 111., 117

(1880).
Hippiscus tuberctdattis, Sauss. Prod. QEd., etc., 87 (1884).
The "Coral-winged Locust" is rather local in Ontario as far as my
experience in collecting goes. Where it does occur, however, it forms
colonies of considerable size. It is quite numerous in certain spots
about Toronto, but this is the only locality where I have met with it.
Dr. Saunders says it is common at London, and Mr. Scudder reports it
from Nepigon.

There is a great disparity in the relative number of individuals of the
two sexes. Since 1893 I have seen probably more than one hundred
males, but have taken but four females.

It is found on light sandy soil, covered preferably with rather long
grass and generally with other plants, as lupine, scrub oak, blueberries,
etc.

It appears from about the twelfth of May till near the end of June,
and I have seen the nymphs late in autumn and again in early spring.
Wherever I have found this species it has been associated with Arphia
sulphurea.

15. Dissosteira Carolina, Linn.

Gryllus (Locusta) Carolina, Linn. Syst. Nat., I., 701.
Gryllus carolinus, Fab. Syst. Ent, II., 58 (i775)-

THE CANAWAN entomologist. 26l

CEdipoda Carolina, Serv. Hist. Orthop., 722 (1839).

Locusta carolijia, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg., 176 (1S62).

Dissosteira Carolina, Saiiss. Prod. (Ed., 137 (18S4).
This large, well-known locust, easily recognized by its black wings
with a yellow border, is common everywhere in the settled parts of
Ontario, frequenting every dusty roadside during late summer and
autumn. It is our most striking species when on the wing on account of
its large size, ample wings, and peculiar, butterfly-like flight.

It appears about the beginning of July, the earliest date on which I
have taken it being July 2, 1896, and continues till October. I have seen
it at Rat Portage, the Muskoka District, DeOrassi Pt., Toronto, Hamilton,
and various other places in Southern Ontario which have not been
recorded.

16. Spharagemon bolli, Scudder.

Spharagemon bolli, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII ,

469 (1875).
Spharagemon balteatiim, Scudd. Proc, etc., 469 (1875).
Dissosteira Bollii, Sauss. Prod, Qid., 140 (1884).
Spharagemon aeqiiale, Comstock. Introd. to Entom., 103, 104
(1888).
This locust is quite common about Toronto on sandy soil. It is also
sometimes seen where the soil is clay, but much less frequently. I have
also taken it at Stony Lake, Peterborough Co., and have seen a specimen
taken at Sparrow Lake.

The earliest date upon which I have taken it was June 24, 1896
{i $)■ Its first appearance is generally, however, a little later, and it
continues to fly about until October.

Its stridulation is a rapid and rather loud, rattling sound, resembling
that of Arphia snlphnrea.

I should think it not improbable that other species of Spharagemon
occur in Ontario, since there are two others in New England, one of
which, .S". saxatile, Morse, frequents rocky unsettled districts, such as
abound in the northern part of our Province.

17. Scirtetica marmorata, Harris.

Locusta marmorata, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg., 179(1862).
(Edipoda marmorata, Thos. Syn. Acrid., in (1873).
Dissosteira( Scirtetica) marmorata, Sauss. Prod. (l']d., 141 (1884).
Scirtetica marmorata, Morse. Prelim. List N. V^. Acrid., in
Psyche, 105 {1S94).

262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This is one of our most beautiful Acridians, but is very local in dis-
tribution. I have specimens taken at Sparrow Lake by Mr. C. T.
Curellc)', who found them very abundant. I have also taken it,
personally, at Gravenhurst, Muskoka District, Sept. 27, 1897, where they
were flying in considerable numbers about a dusty gravelly road close to
the railway station. They were very rapid in flight, though they never
flew very far, and being without a net and pressed for time, only a few
were secured. Its stridulation resembles that of Spharagemon bolii, but
is more rapid, the sound being almost a buzz.

It probably occiirs in many parts of our Laurentian area, but I have
had, as yet, but little opportunity of collecting in that region.
18. Trimerotropis maritima, Harris.

Lociista mariiima, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg., 178 (1862).
CEdipoda maritima, Thos. Syn. Acrid., 124 (1873).
Trimerotropis maritima, Stal. Recens. Orth., L, 134 (1873).

On the sandy beaches of Toronto Island this locust flies about the
coarse grass which grows at a short distance from the water's edge. In
some seasons it occurs in large numbers, in others it is comparatively
scarce. I have also two pairs which were taken at Kingsville on the
beach of Lake Erie, by Mr. C. T. Hills, who says they were abundant
there.

It is an extremely alert species and very difficult to capture, and is
almost impossible to see when it alights, on account of the close
similarity of its gray tints to those of the sand.

The specimens of this species found about the Great Lakes differ
very considerably from the typical form of the Atlantic coast, and may
possibly constitute a distinct species. The dark band crossing the wings
is much broader than in the typical form, and is uninterrupted instead of
being broken up into a series of sub-continuous spots. The greatest
breadth of this band is nearly half the greatest breadth of the wing, while
in typical maritima it is only about a third the greatest breadth of the
wing. The base of the wings is yellower and more opaque, resembling S,
boUi in this respect. All the markings are generally more distinct, and
the tegmina and wings usually somewhat shorter in proportion. It is dis-
tinctly smaller in size, judging from specimens of the typical form which I
have from Monmouth Beach, N. J. This form appears to be a distinct
variety, and may be known as interior.

My Toronto specimens were taken between July 22 and about the
middle of September, while those from Kingsville are dated Aug. 13, 1897.

TTIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263

19. Circotettix verruculatus, Kirby,

Locusta verruculata, Kirby. Fauna Bor. Amer., Insecta, 250

(1837).
Locusta latipcmiis, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg., 179 (1862).
Qidipoda ven-uculata, ?)C\idd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII., 47 1
'■ (1862).
Trimerottopis verrucuiata, Scudd. Daws. Rep. Geol. Rec, 49111

Par., 344 (1875).
Circotettix verruculatus, Sauss. Prod. (Ed., 175 (1884).

With the exception of Caninula pcllucida, this is the most abundant
(Edipodine in Northern Ontario, where it finds a very congenial home,
flying about the bare rocky slopes and among the burnt timber, the loud,
crackling stridulation of the males resounding in every direction. It is,
however, by no means confined to rocky situations, being found wherever
burnt timber occurs, even in swampy places, though preferably on dry
sandy soil. I found it in a burnt clearing in a large swamp of tamarack
and white cedar near Lake Simcoe at a considerable distance from dry
soil.

Nearly all the specimens from Northern Ontario are of a black
variety, being thus afforded an excellent protection when they alight upon
the blackened stumps and logs, which they very frequently do. This
variety has all the markings, except those of the wings, hind tibia? and
inside of hind femora almost entirely obscured by a blackish tone. I
have seldom seen specimens of the mottled or southern form, though
individuals intermediate between the two extremes are not infrequent.
I found a dark brown, somewhat mottled variety common at Bradford on
a marshy flat covered with weathered blocks and chips of wood from a
sawmill; while in the rocky islands in Stony Lake, Peterborough Co., the
specimens met with were frequently ash gray mottled with black.

I have occasionally heard the female stridulate, the sound being
similar to that of the male, but more subdued.

It appears about the beginning of July and continues till near the
end of Se])tember. My earliest capture was at DeGrassi Pt., July 2,
.1896, and I heard one stridulating at Gravenhurst, Sept. 27, 1897.

My specimens are from the following localities : Rat Portage, Aug.
28, 1897 (very abundant) ; Molson, Lake Superior, Aug. 28, 1897 \
Jackfish, Lake Superior, Aug. 27, 1897 ; Stony Lake, July 9 to 15, 1897;
Bradford, Aug. 6, 1897 \ DeGrassi Pt., and various other localities about
Lake Simcoe. I have also seen it at Aurora, but never at Toronto,
though it has occasionally been seen there by other collectors,

264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A NEW ALEURODES ON OAK.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Aleurodes gelatinosus, n. sp. — Pupa oval, rather less than i mm.
long, pitch black, not bearing ihe larval skin, margin beaded; no fringe
of the ordinary kind, but the pupa is surrounded by and rests on a
gelatinous-looking colourless translucent substance, which extends rather
further from the margin than half the diameter of the pupa. Radiating
from the pupa, resting on the translucent substance, are three conspicuous
lines of white secretion, one from the caudal end, and one from each side
of the cephalic end.

Adult with head and body very bright lemon yellow ; wings white,
semitransparent, spotless. Eyes not divided. Antennte with second
segment at least twice as long as the first ; formula for ihe slender seg-
ments 43576.

Hdb. — -Pupje abundant on under sides of leaves of oak at Dripping
Spring, Organ Mts., New Mexico. Adults emerging the last week of
April. The oak, according to Prof E. O. Wooton, is probably Querais
arizofiica, Sarg.

AUTUMN CAPTURES.
Our park caretaker unwittingly caters to the wants of the entomol-
ogist by planting every year some fine beds of Phlox Drummondii and
verbenas. Last year, without a net, I took with a cyanide bottle 59
Plusias in one evening about the 2otli of September. I was surprised
to find that 22 of them were B//oda, the rest were Precationis. This -
year I went to the park on the 17th of Sept., better prepared for taking
anything I came across. I caught Phisia BaUuca, one ; .-Eroides., one ;
Simplex, several ; and Frecationis, a few ; three Plusias of a species 1 ot
yet determined; also two Deilephela Ihieata ; but the capture of the
evening was a very fair specimen of Dilophonota obscura, which was not
represented in my cabinet. I have two of eilo, but this insect is at once
easily distinguished from it by the description quoted by Mr. Moffat in
the last annual report, viz., smaller size, light gray primaries, and
unbanded abdomen. I thought the capture was worth recording. I
have taken over 40 Heterocea, new to me this season, and my Orillia list
is now fairly respectable. C- E- Grant, Orillia, Ont,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 265

THREE MYRMECOPHILUS MITES.

BY NATHAN BANKS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Many American entomologists have, doubtless, been much interested
in the accounts published during the past year by Charles Janet on the
relations of certain Myrmecophilus Acarians and their hosts. His very
interesting papers have been noticed in various English and American
journals. Particular attention was paid to two species of Eamasidje,
Discopovia coinata and Antennophorus Uhlmanni.

A {^vi years ago, while collecting mites on Long Island, New York, 1
obtained three species of Eamasidje, which were always associated with
certain ants. One, a species of Discopoma, is attached to the body of
the ant, and appears to obtain food from it in the same manner as its
European relative, by piercing the skin. But while the European species
appears to choose the abdomen, the American form is, at least generally,
found attached to the thorax of the host ; and I have not observed
more than two mites attached to one ant. There is usually but one mite
fastened to the dorsum of the thorax near the median line. In some
nests the mites were found on about lo per cent, of the ants, but in other
nests they were much more scarce.

Of the other two miles, one, the Uropoda, was found in considerable
numbers associated with the same ant as the Discopoma, but they were
not attached to the ants. The other was observed only a {q.'n times in
the nests of another ant.

The ants have been kindly determined for me by Mr. T. Pergande.
Holostaspii moestns, n. sp.

Body one and one-half times longer than broad, broadly rounded
behind, sides subparallel, narrowed in front on cephalic part, and nar-
rowly rounded in front, quite convex above. Body above with four rows
each side of clavate hairs ; two lateral rows of about nine hairs,
which start from the shoulders ; the third row has about ten
hairs, one on the cephalic part of body ; the sub-median row
has about twelve hairs, and starts from the anterior edge of head.
On the soft posterior sides is a row of a few small clavate hairs ; soft
parts of venter with a few simple hairs, and some on the margins of the
sternal and genital plates. Anal plate nearly circular, and almost its
diameter from the hind border of the ventral plate. Legs of moderate
length, clothed with a few clavate hairs on basal joints, and more and
simple ones on the apical joints, I^ength, i. mm,

26B THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In the nest of Lasitis alienus, var. americarius ; Sea Cliff, N. Y.
Readily known by rows of clavate hairs, and small anal plate.

Uropoda punctulata, n. sp.

Body rather long oval, about one and one-fourth times longer than
broad, broadly rounded behind, narrowly rounded in front ; moderately
convex, both above and below ; dorsum with small hairs, mostly on the
sides, and a row of much larger and stiffer hairs along the margin, and
about four rows each side above, of slightly smaller size than the
marginal ones, all erect ; hairs of under side confined to the legs and a
few on the anal plate ; three on each side, and two smaller before anus ;
sternal plate more than twice as long as widest parts, which are just
behind the second and third coxse, narrowed in front and behind,
truncate at each end, rather coarsely, sparsely punctate, anal plate more
densely and finely punctate ; legs short, concealed in repose, the femora
(except I.) slightly margined beneath. Length, .85 mm.

In the nest of Cremastogaster lineolata at Sea Cliff, N. Y., Fitch
described a Uropoda ( U. forviicce } found in the nest of an ant, but it is
evidently different from this species.
Discopoma circular is, n. sp.

Body nearly circular, a trifle longer than broad, quite convex above,
with a rather broad, thin margin all around, alike at each end, so that
from top view one cannot tell which is front, clothed above with minute
hairs, and many scattered, short clavate hairs, arranged in concentric
rows ; legs very short, when in repose not showing from above ; the
sternum elliptical, rather narrowed behind, its margin finely serrate, con-
taining a central plate of same shape in front, but truncate behind; the
plate is sparsely punctate, the venter behind is also punctate ; the legs
are clothed with minute hairs. Length, .48 mm.

Attached to thorax of Cremastogaster lineolata ; Sea Cliff, N. Y.

A NEW SCALE INSECT FOUND ON BEARBERRY.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Aspidiotus Dcarnessi, n. sp. — $ . Scale suboval, about 2 mm.
long, moderately convex, pale gray, more or less concentrically ridged ;
with the orange-yellow, partly exposed exuviae quite to one side. Ventral
scale thick and distinct. The scales resemble minute oyster-shells.

i. Dark yellowish-brown, after prolonged boiling in K. H. O.
becoming transparent and almost colorless, except that the lobes remain

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

267

dark brown. No circumgenital grouped glands. Only one pair of lobes,
these short, parallel, very close together, practically contiguous at the
tips, their ends broad and obliquely truncate, breadth of a lobe greater
than its length beyond the general margin. Apparently no squames.
Margin irregularly bluntly serrulate ; a small projection near the lobes,
and two much larger ones at considerable distances beyond, much in the
style of A. bigelovice. Anal orifice oval, a considerable distance from
the hind end. Surface striated, with rows of small round dorsal glands,
much in the manner of ^. bigelovice. Mouth-parts large.

$ . Scale elongate, nearly parallel-sided, light brownish, with the
pale orange exuvia at one end, when fresh covered by a film of white
secretion.

(J . Brownish-yellow, with ample wings.

Hab. — Crowded on twigs of Ardostaphylos uva-ursi, collected on
" shore of Lake Huron," Aug. 20, 1898, by Mr. J. Dearness.

This interesting species is not a Diaspidiotus, but is evidently allied
to the south-western group composed of A. bigelovice, A. yitccce and
A. yticcariim. At the same time it is allied to A. Signoreti of Europe,
which is the type of the subgenus Targionia, Signorct. For the present
I believe we cannot do better than extend the subgenus Targionia to
include all these five species.

[In his note to the Editor, Mr. Dearness states that the precise
locahty where he collected the infested plants was in the Ojibeway Indian
Reserve in Saugeen, in the Bruce Peninsula, on the sandy shore of a little
bay off Lake Huron, a favourite botanizing ground of Dr. Scott, of South-
ampton, Ont. Mr. Dearness does not know whether the inlet is generally
known by the name of " French Bay," but that is what the Doctor calls it.]

A CORRECTIOX.

In an article in the October, 1897, number of the Can. Ent., page
243, I used the name subfasciatus in describing a new species of Attains
from San Clemente Id. I have since discovered that this name had
been previously used by Gorham for a Mexican species, and I would
therefore propose the name ti-ansi>iarinus for the San Clemente species.
Oddly enough, in looking over the Horn collection the past summer, I
found specimens oi subfasciatus, Gorh , labelled Arizona : the name must
therefore enter our lists.

Superficially subfasciatus and transmarinus resemble each other
very closely, but the latter may be at once distinguished by the prothorax
being sinuately narrowed behind so as to produce the appearance of
being broadly lobed, while in subfasciatus it has the normal form.

H. C. Fall,

268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON ANDRENA.

P.Y S. N. DUNNING, HARTFORD, CONN.

Andrena Hallii, n. sp.

?. — Lenth, 14-17 mm. Black, shining; pubescence black with
patch on vertex, the prothorax, mesothorax (excepting posteriorly where
pubescence is not so thick and has black mixed with ferruginous, forming
a more or less distinct black-appearing band between the tegulse), scutel-
lum and postscutelluni bright ferruginous, thick, entirely obscuring
punctures on thorax. Clypeus shining, large quite close punctures^ a
median line impunctured : antennae black, third joint equal to fourth and
fifth combined; metathorax not shining, closely and more finely punctured;
scutellum with two smooth shining spots anteriorly, a few scattered
punctures near-by, otherwise roughened ; postscutellum and metathorax
roughened, enclosure triangular, distinctly outlined, carried to a point on
posterior face, sometimes faintly and irregularly wrinkled in fore half, last
half impunctured. Abdomen without hair bands, a few long scattered
hairs on segments 3-4, 5th seg. pubescent and protuberant as is vidua;
anal fimbria heavy, black ; segments 1-4 depressed posteriorly, the first
very slightly if at all, the remainder one-third or one-half of their length ;
fine scattered punctures on seg. 1-3, remainder impunctured ; a sweep of
hairs below like vicina. Wings dusky throughout, a violaceous reflection,
otherwise like vicina ; stigma and nervures piceous or very dark brown.
Claws bifid, rufous ; spurs black. Basal process of labrum prominent,
emarginate.

Three females. Pullman, Wash. (coll. C. W. Piper), and Moscow,
Idaho (J. M. Aldrich).

It difters at once from vicina by pubescence and punctures of
clypeus.
A. MARi^, Rob.

Three females Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball) ; one from flowers of goose-
berry, May 6th.
A. RHODURA, Ckll.

Two females on Salix, April 25th, at Hartford, Conn.

A. CASAD/E, Ckll.

Two females on Holodiscus discolor. Evergreen, Colo, (about 7,000
feet), July 16. One specimen shows the second segment rufous through-
out. Prof. Cockerell thinks a large series may show this species to be
synonymous with prwiortiin.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269

A. KiNCAiuii, Ckll.

This species varies like SynJialonia Edwardsii, Cr. (see paper by
Cockerell, Pioc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Sep. "97, page 347), but owing to the
unsatisfactory nature and variabiHty of the differences I liave not named
the races into which it falls.

(i) Typical Kincaidii. Seattle, Wash. 3 $ : Vancouver Is., B. C,
2 5 (July I and July 5); Moscow, Idaho, i $. This has the abdomen
more ovate in 9 .

(2) A geographical race. Pullman, Wash. 3 9. Abdomen sub-
depressed in 9 .

My male specimens are all from Seattle and Vancouver. The only
differences they show is in colour of pubescence as mentioned by Cock-
erell in the original description.
A. PERARMATA, Ckll. (in ed.)

I have males from Seattle, Wash. (Feb. 16- Mch. 14), and females
from Seattle (March 13-14), and Vancouver Is. (Apr. 20).

Aphilanthops Bakeri.

$ . The " lobes " in the co-types take the form of dentations in a
larger series. Third joint antennse as long or almost as long as joints
4-5 combined. The first abdominal segment is a little coarser in punc-
tuation than the rest. Sometimes a yellow spot is on the mesothorax in
front of the tegulae.

?. Differs from $ in larger size (12-13 nim.), face with three
broad yellow stripes (not ^// yellow), clypeus 5-dentate. Montana and
Colorado, Coll. Araer. Ent. Soc. and Colo. (Baker 2044). The ? is
much like frigidus ; the $ shows differences, however.

DIASPIS AMYGDALI, Tkvon.

BV C. P. LOUNSBURY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, CAPE TOWN, AFRICA.

The article on Diaspis amygdali, Tryon, by Professor Webster, in
the April issue of this magazine, has left me with the impression that
the introduction of this insect to several widely separated sections of the
United States has not aroused the apprehension among American ento-
mologists that the advent of a pest of its importance justifies. I'he
quotation from Mr. Tryon's letter to the effect that the insect is neither
widely distribued nor destructive in Queensland is too reassuring. It
constrains me to emphasize the fact that the species is a highly injurious

270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

one in Cape Colony. A brief account of its occurrence here may not be
uninteresting.

Under various common names, tliis insect lias been known about
Cape Town for at least twenty-five years. Owing to the slight attention
paid to fruit culture until within a comparatively short time, and also to
the lack of transportation facilities, it has not, however, become nearly so
widespread as would have been the case had such favourable conditions
as are found in the United States prevailed. And yet, despite of adverse
circumstances, it has become established at many of the principal
centres, both east and west, and in the country adjacent to the seaports.
One serious occurrence in the Transvaal has been reported to me, and
M. d'Emmerez de Charmoy, of the Museum at Port Louis, writes that it
is destructive in Mauritius. From Cape Town, it has spread inland for
about one hundred miles, and within this area I do not think there is any
orchard insect pest, with the exception of the Fruit Fly ( Ceratitis
capitata), that gives greater trouble.

The peach is pre-eminently the food-plant oi Diaspis ainygda/i, and
notwithstanding the vigorous growth it makes in this climate, this tree is
not infrequently killed to the ground ; more often, branch by branch dies,
and the tree becomes misshapen and unproductive. Reddish stains,
both in the rind and pulp, are produced on the fruit of some varieties ;
and if the attack begins when the fruit is very green, malformation
results. Many other food-plants are cited by Professor Webster, but the
list might be greatly lengthened. The China Tree (Melia azedarach),
known here as Syringa, a tree adapted to the requirements of several of
our common scale pests, sometimes gets thoroughly coated with this one.
Many Solanaceous plants assist in passing the infection from orchard to
orchard ; chief among these are Solaniim sodommiin, S. giganteuin and
S. aculeastrum (?) (Natal Thorn). Myoporum insu/are, chiefly grown
here as a hedge plant, is similarly responsible. Fortunately, the poma-
ceous fruits are nearly exempt from attack ; I have not seen it at all on
apple, and not on more than a dozen pears.

Upwards of fifty per cent, of the insects are here destroyed by
parasites on many trees, and a further large percentage is devoured by
Coccinellids. But the loss might be ninety-five per cent,, and still the
increase be a hundred fold in twelve months. Three to four generations
are passed in a year, and two hundred young from one female is not
exceptional. The multiplication may prove less rapid in the Northern

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 271

States, but it is reasonable to suppose that many years may elapse before
natural enemies prey on it there to the extent that they now do here.

That the insect is not an easy one to contend against in the United
States may be inferred from the results obtained in the experiments
recorded by Dr. Howard. In this warm climate the Californian lime-
sulphur-salt wash will keep it in check if the wash is well made and
thoroughly applied, and fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas destroys
eggs and all other stages when one ounce of cyanide is used for each one
hundred and fifty cubic feet of enclosed space. Many suburban people
have all their stone-fruit trees protected by whitewashing them from the
ground to the tips of the twigs every winter.

All in all. I consider that Diaspis amygdall is almost as much to be
feared in the peach orchard as Aspidiotus perniciosus. The whiteness of
the scale renders the former easier of detection, it is true, but con-
spicuous as it is by reason of its colour, people here often unwittingly
infect nursery stock in the process of budding. American nurserymen
and fruit-growers are not, I feel sure, any the less likely to commit such
a blunder. The insect is fond of secreting itself behind buds on young
wood, and much of it is often to be found in such situations when the
twigs elsewhere are quite clean.

STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF NEW YORK.

We beg to offer our hearty congratulations to Mr. M. V. Slinger-
land upon his appointment to the important position of Entomologist to
the State of New York. We may also congratulate the authorities of the
State upon having selected one so eminently fitted for the position. Mr.
Slingerland is a graduate of the College of Agriculture of Cornell Univer-
sity, and for the last eight years has been a member of the University
Experiment Station at Ithaca. In this capacity he has published a num-
ber of admirable bulletins on injurious insects, and a large number of
articles of a popular character on practical entomological subjects in
various agricultural papers. He has also contributed to this magazine
and to other scientific publications, many valuable papers of a more
technical character. He has thus proved himself to be thoroughly well
qualified to carry on the work at x\lbany, both in its scientific and practical
departments, in accordance with the high standard maintained by his
eminent predecessors, Drs, Asa Fitch and J. A. Lintner,

272

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORS' NAMES.

BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A.M., HILDESHEIM.

It is quite desirable that the names of authors should be uniformly
treated according to a certain standard. To this end the Zoologists of
the Berlin Museum have published a list, which has now appeared in a
second edition. It is quite necessary that names which are borne by
different persons, owing to their prevalence, should be so abbreviated
that the particular bearer intended is designated. I give here a selection
of the abbreviations of the names of chiefly American authors deter-
mined upon, and call attention to the pamphlet which is published by R.
Friedlander and Sohn, Berlin :

Aaron Aar.

Abbot Abb.

Berg, C Berg.

Boisduval Bsd.

Butler Butl.

Casey, Th. L Casey.

Chambers Chambers.

Clemens Clemens.

Comstock, J. H Comst.

Coquillett. Coquill.

Cresson Cress.

Crotch Crotch.

Duzee, Van Duzee.

Edwards, H H. Edw.

Edwards, VV. H W. H. Edw.

Fabricius F.

Fernald Fern.

French, G. H French.

Grote, A. R Grote.

Guenee, A Guenee.

Gundlach Gdl.

Harris Harr.

Harvey Harvey.

Herrich-Schaefter H.-Sch.

Howaid, L. O How.

Hiibner Hb.

Hulst Hulst.

Packard Pack.

Reakirt Reak.

Robinson Rob.

Schwarz, E. A E. A. Schw.

Scudder Scudd.

Smith, Emily A E. A. Sm.

Smith, J. B J. B. Sm.

Smith & Abbot Sm. Abb.

Walsineham Wlghm.

ENTOMOLOGICAL BOOKS.
We have much pleasure in informing our readers that entomological
books of all kinds can now be imported into Canada free of all customs
duty, and that this concession was made by the Dominion Government in
consequence of the representations made to it by the President and
Council of the F^ntomological Society of Ontario.

Mailed October 8th, li

\\t Caiiatltati ^iitotnolojjbt.

Vol. XXX. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1898. No. 11.

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MYRMELIONID2E.

BY ROLLA P. CURRIE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

IV.

Brachyiicmurus brunneus, new species.

^fale. — Length, 40 mm.; expanse of wings, 55.4 mm.; greatest
width of anterior wing, 6.4 mm.; length of antenna, 7 mm. Slender,
prevailing colour fuscous, markings luteous ; sparsely clothed with black
and white hairs, more thickly so on abdomen.

Face scarcely convex ; lower part luteous ; covered above by a
broad piceous band which encircles the antennae ; furrow between face
and inner orbit of the eye fuscous. Circumocular area luteous, except
along vertex, where it is mostly dark fuscous, and near the maxillary
palpiger, where there is a fuscous spot, Clypeus* luteous, rather short.
Labrum transverse, luteous ; rounded laterally and narrowed anteriorly,
emarginate in front. Mandibles piceous, black at tips.

Maxillary palpi of moderate length, luteous, tinged with piceous
apically, the fifth joint especially so; first two joints short, subequal in
length, the first one about as broad as long, the second less broad ;
third joint somewhat longer than first two together, perceptibly curved,
enlarged apically ; fourth joint straight, considerably shorter than third ;
fifth joint somewhat longer than third, subcylindrical, notched at tip.

Labial palpi about same length as maxillary or slightly longer,
luteous, more or less tinged with piceous apically ; first joint about twice
as long as broad ; second joint somewhat more than twice as long as
first, slightly curved, enlarged apically ; third joint about same length as
second, fusiform ; tip narrowed and notched.

Maxillary palpigers luteous, clouded with piceous. Labium and
labial palpigers luteous ; mentum luteous, clouded with piceous pos-
teriorly, with a long black bristle ; in front a longitudinal median black

*One male specimen, labelled " Dunsmuir, Cal., Wickham," ha?, a faint transverse
fuscous line or series of dots separating the face from the clypeus. The female sped.
mens have a fuscous clouding on each side of clypeus.

274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

line passing between the labial palpigers to the basal portion of the
labium. Gula luteous, clouded with darker.

Antennje somewhat clavate, as long as head and thorax, fuscous,
darker before tip, sparsely covered with very short stiff black hairs ; first
two joints piceous, luteous at articulations ; a luteous crescent bounds
base of first joint in front.

Vertex elevated behind, rounded, luteous ; in front, on depressed
portion, dark fuscous ; behind, on elevated portion, two dark fuscous
bauds*, the posterior irregular and spread out each side so as to approach,
sometimes to meet, the anterior band. Behind this a median, oval,
black or rufo-piceous spot.

Pronotum dark fuscous ; a longitudinal median luteous line and one
each sidef. Sides of pronotum luteous, divided by a fuscous linej.
Lateral carinje luteous. Below luteous, marked on each side with dark
fuscous.

Mesonotum fuscous ; lobes moderately elevated ; anterior lobe with
a longitudinal median line and a dot or two luteous ; each lateral lobe
marked with two luteous lines on its inner side ; a luteous spot or two
also near articulation of wing ; posterior lobe with a longitudinal median
luteous line, sides and rear of the lobe also margined with luteous.
Sides and beneath fuscous, marked with luteous.

Metanotum fuscous ; anterior lobe margined in front with luteous,
with a longitudinal median luteous line ; patterned similarly to meso-
notum, the inner luteous line of lateral lobe forming a rough triangle, the
apex of which is near middorsal line. Sides and beneath fuscous,
marked with luteous..

Abdomen fuscous, articulations luteous; segments luteous above, _
especially at base, with a longitudinal median fuscous line.

Appendages one-half the length of seventh segment, slender, arcuate
for their posterior halves, somewhat flattened laterally ; fuscous, luteous
near tips ; clothed with coarse black bristles ; there is the usual triangular
fuscous plate between the appendages below ; this plate is luteous
apically.

*In one male specimen, collected at Dunsmuir, California, by Mr. H. F.
Wickham, the anterior band is very indistinctly separated from the fuscous depressed
portion of the vertex.

tThis line is usually most distinct in front of the transverse furrow, where it
becomes a good-sized spot ; it is interrupted at the furrow and in the male specimens is
only faintly indicated behind it.

:;:This line is divided into two parts in the females,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275

Legs of moderate size, luteous, with black and pale hairs and
spines ; dotted with piceous at bases of the spines, these dots sometimes
coalescent in places ; tibiae piceous at bases and apices, each with a
transverse piceous line on basal half externally. Tibial spurs longer than
first tarsal joint, slightly curved, rufo-piceous ; spurs of anterior and
middle tibitv longer than those of ])Osterior. Tarsal joints piceous at
their apices, the third and fourth especially so ; claws a little more than
half the length of last tarsal joint, moderately curved, rufo-piceous.

Wings of moderate size, hyaline. Venation hairy. Pterostigma
whitish, fuscous on inner side. Apical third or more of veins of inter-
costal series forked. Veins light brown or fuscous, interrupted irregularly
with paler; the subcostal vein darker, with a distinct luteous mark
between each transversal.

Anterior wings marked as in B. niger*, but the markings less
extended and light brown in colour. Posterior wings almost immaculate.
Posterior borders of both wings fringed with fine hairs.

Fgmale. — Length, 31 mm.; expanse of wings, 58.5 mm.; greatest
width of anterior wing, 6.3 mm.; length of antenna, 6 mm.

Antennae more clavate than in male ; first joint luteous behind, the
following joints luteous at articulations, especially the basal ones. The
luteous markings are more extended and distinct than in the males. A
luteous spot or band is present between the antenn;e.

Anterior fuscous band of the vertex continued posteriorly along the
longitudinal median furrow ; the posterior band appears like an irregular
group of more or less coalescent fuscous spots, divided at the median
furrow.

Abdomen somewhat shorter than wings, marked similarly to that of
male, but there is little luteous on basal segments above excej^t at middle
of segments and at their articulations, the middorsal fuscous line hardly
apparentf.

Tip of abdomen luteous, clouded with fuscous ; clothed above with
black hairs ; superior parts split ; inferior parts beset with coarse black
spines ; below two small cylindrical luteous appendages, three times as
long as broad, with some very long black hairs or bristles.

Wing markings and veins somewhat darker than in males.

*Can. Ent., XXX., 5, 1898, p. 136.

tTwo of the females (co-types) have this line (|uite .ipiiaient, especi.illy the
specimen from Los Angeles, California, collected by Mr. '!). W. C(i<|uillctt.

276 tllE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Type. — No. 4073, U. S. National Museum. One male specimen
collected by the author at Fountain, Yellowstone National Park, August
10, 1896.

No. 4073a, U. S. National Museum. One female specimen collected
by the author at Sage Creek, Wyoming, July 28, 1896.

Co-types. — Collection, U. S. National Museum. One male collected
at Dunsmuir, California, by Mr. H. F. Wickham ; one male collected in
Los Angeles County, California, in September, by Mr. D. W. Coquillett ;
two females with no labels ; one female from Los Angeles County,
California, collection of D. W. Coquillett.

The female of this species resembles B. niger, but is lighter coloured,
the wing markings are lighter and less extended, and the labial palpi are
normal.

A BRIGHT RED PARASITE OF COCCI D.-E.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Aphycus Howardi, n. sp. — %. Length about i mm.; entirely
bright scarlet, except the brown antennal club, sage-green eyes, and
white tarsi ; with the apical portion dusky. Wings dull hyaline, with a
dark cloud ending at stigmal vein, whitish just beyond and hyaline at
tip. Scape not dilated, club about or almost as long as the four joints
before it. Mesonotum and scutellum with numerous short white hairs,
mesonotum with no naked spots ; mesopleura very delicately shagreened,
with no longitudinal impressions.

Hab. — Mesilla Park, New Mexico ; bred from Eriococcus Tifisleyi,
Ckll., on Atriplex canescens ; collected by Prof J. D. Tinsley. Emerged
August 6th, and some days following. The colour of this beautiful little
Aphycus is just like that of Perdita luteola when reddened by cyanide,
and I should certainly have considered it as due to the same cause, had I
not seen the species alive. The original type is now in the U. S. Nat.
Museum ; two or three others were bred after the description had been
written. A. Howardi is named after Dr. L. O. Howard, in recognition
of his valuable work on the parasites of Coccidse. He has now in press
a revision of the genus Aphycus, and the present insect was found just too
late to be included in it. He has very kindly informed me that it is
distinct from all the species known to him or published by others, and
has given me some notes on its specific peculiarities.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 277

NEW SPECIES OF SAPROMYZID^.

BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Genus Sapromvza.

Wings hyaline, unmarked 3.

Wings brown along the costa, the small and the posterior cross-
veins ; body and its members, except the wings, yellow, antennal
arista brown, second joint of hind tarsi sometimes black ; three
pairs of dorso-centrals, one of acrostichals, and two sternopleural
macrochaeta? 2.

Costa and apex of vving, from the base to beyond apex of fourth vein,
broadly bordered with brown, which is widely separated from the
brown of the crossveins ; second joint of hind tarsi yellow, third
antennal joint oval, one and one-third times as long as wide, arista
with a scarcely perceptible pubescence. Length, 3.5 mm. Chiric
Mts., Ariz. A female specimen collected May 31, 1897, by Mr. H.
G. Hubbard. Type No. 4082, U. S. Nat. ^ixistnm . Hubbardii, n. sp.

Costa and apex of wing, from slightly beyond humeral crossvein to
beyond apex of fourth vein, broadly bordered with brown, which is
connected with the brown of the small crossvein, and sends a spur
which almost reaches the hind crossvein ; second joint of hind
tarsi yellow, third joint of antennae elongate oval, almost twice as
long as wide, arista short plumose. Length, 3 mm. Oswego, N.Y.
A female specimen collected August i, 1895, by Prof. Chas. A.
Sheldon. Type No. 4083 Sheldofii, n. sp.

Costa and apex of wing, from tip of auxiliary vein to beyond apex
of the fourth, broadly bordered with brown, except a short space
between the apices of the second and third veins, where the brown
is very narrow ; the brown sends a spur to the small crossvein and
another which almost reaches the brown of the hind crossvein ;
second joint of hind tarsi black, third antennal joint oval, one and
one-half times as long as broad, arista short plumose. Length,
3.5 mm. New Bedford, Mass. A male specimen collected by Dr.
Garry de N. Hough. Type No 4084 Houg/iii, n. sp.

Face, pleura and scutellum destitute of round black spots 4.

Face marked with one, pleura and scutellum each with two black
spots ; yellow, an ocellar dot, first two joints of antennae, spot on
lower edge of face, one near middle of mesopleura, another on
front end of sternopleura, one on each side of middle of scutellum,

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and a basal one on each side of the third, fourtli and fifth abdominal
segments, black ; a brown dorsal line on the last three abdominal
segments, and indications of one on the mesonotum ; two pairs of
dorso-centrals, no acrostichals, one sternopleural macrochseta ;
third antennal joint oval, one and one-half times as long as wide.
Length, 3 mm. Biscayne Bay, Fla. A female specimen collected
by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Type No. 4085 Siossonce, n. sp.

Mesonotum opaque black or yellowish 5.

Mesonotum polished black ; black, highly polished, the first two
antennal joints, base and lower edge of the third, base of arista,
lower edge of front above the antennae, halteres, femora, tibise,
middle and hind tarsi and base of first joint of the front ones, also
the front coxae, yellow ; four pairs of dorso-centrals, one of acrosti-
chals, and one sternopleural macrochajta ; third antennal joint
scarcely tapering toward the tip, two and one-half times as long as
broad, arista short plumose, wings strongly tinged with yellow.
Length, 4 mm. Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Two
male specimens collected by Mr. C. Livingston. Type No.
4086 Livingsioni, n. sp.

With three pairs of dorso-central and two sternopleural macrochtet0e.6.

With only two pairs of dorso-central and one sternopleural macro-
chfeta ; yellow, the front except the lower edge, the mesonotum,
scutellum, metanotum, and a vitta on upper part of the pleura,
black, opaque bluish-gray pruinose, a black spot on each side of
the third, fourth, fifth and sixth segments of the abdomen ; third
joint of the antennie oval, one and one-half times as long as wide,
arista long plumose. Length, 3 mm. Onaga, Kansas, A
female specimen collected by Mr. F. F. Crevecoeur. Type No.
4087 Crevecoeuri, n. sp.

Antennal arista long phunose, bjdy very robust, wings tinged with
yellow, scarcely more than twice as long as the abdomen 7.

Antennal arista bare, body slender, wings unusually long, over four
times as long as the abdomen ; black, gray pruinose ; the antennae,
front legs, and middle and hind femora, brown ; middle and hind
tibite and their tarsi, yellow, halteres whitish ; wings not tinged
with yellow, third antennal joint only slightly tapering toward its
tip, nearly twice as long as wide. Length, 3.5 mm. White Mts.,
N. H. One male and five females, collected by the late H. K.
Morrison, Type No, 4088 brac/iysoma, n, sp.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279

7. Thorax and entire insect yellow, a black spot in middle of occiput
above the neck, a light yellow fascia above the antennse, bordered
above and below with brown ; third antennal joint only slightly
tapering to the tip, one and two-thirds times as long as wide.
Length, 5 to 5.5 mm. Los Angeles Co., Cal. (H. C. Fall) ; Cor-
vallis, Oregon (A. B. Cordley), and Seattle, Wash. (O. B. Johnson).

Two males and four females. Type No. 4089 flaveola, n. sp.

Thorax, scutellum, occiput and upper half of front, brown, bluish-
gray pruinose ; a yellow fascia above the antennee, bordered above
and below with brown, face yellowish, a U-shaped brown mark in
the middle and a black line extending obliquely from each antenna
to the occiput near the oral margin ; antennae, proboscis, palpi,
halteres and legs yellowish, front side of femora sometimes marked
with a gray vitta, apex of tibiae and a faint ring near base of each,
brown ; abdomen yellowish, bases of the third, fourth and fifth
segments, brown ; third joint of antenna; slightly tapering to the
apex, nearly twice as long as broad. Length, 5 to 6.5 mm. Dist.
Colum. Four males and twenty females, collected by the writer in

June, 1894. Type No. 4090 magna, n. sp.

Genus Lauxania.

1. Submarginal cell at the small crossvein less than three-fourths as wide

as the length of the hind crossvein, wings more than three times as

long as wide, hyaline or yellowish. : . . 2.

Submarginal cell at the small crossvein wider than the length of the
hind crossvein ; black, the first two joints of antenncc, base of
arista, and first three joints of the middle and hind tarsi, yellow ;
front and face polished, the lateral margins narrowly white pruinose;
antenna? linear, more than twice as long as the head, the third joint
eight times as long as wide, arista rather long plumose ; body
polished, mesonotum thinly gray pruinose ; wings twice as long as
wide, smoky-brown, the posterior margin gray. Length, 3.5 mm.
Florida (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), and Georgia (H. K. Morrison). One
male and six females. Type No. 4091 iatipennis, n. sp.

2. Antennal arista brown, long plumose, its base yellow ; black, the first

two joints of antennae, base of the third, bases of tibiae, first joint
of front tarsi and first three joints of the others, yellow ; antennje
slightly tapering toward the apex, one and one-half times as long as
head, the third joint five times as long as broad ; face with a

280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

median vitta, spot near the oral margin each side of the middle,
and the narrow lateral margins, whitish pruinose ; front slightly
polished, the broad lateral margins, except on their lower part,
thinly gray pruinose ; body polished, two vittae on the mesonotum,
scutellum and front part of pleura thinly gray pruinose ; wings
tinged with yellow. Length, 3 mm. Lake Worth, Fla. (Mrs. A. T.
Slosson), and Georgia. Three males and nine females. Type

No. 4092 facialis, n. sp.

Antennal arista white, short plumose, its base yellow ; black, the first
two joints of the antennae, base of the third, halteres, front coxae,
front femora and broad apices of the others, all tibiae, and the
middle and hind tarsi except their apices, yellow ; antennae slightly
tapering toward the apex, slightly longer than the head, the third
joint four times as long as wide ; front and face polished, the latter
whitish pruinose near the lower part of each eye ; body polished,
mesonotum and scutellum with a strong coppery lustre, thinly
brownish pruinose ; wings tinged with yellow. Length, 3.5 mm.
Santa Cruz Mts., Cal.. A male specimen, collected by Mr. A.
Koebele. Type No. 4093 albiseia, n. sp.

Genus Pachycerina.
Yellow, an ocellar spot, tip of antennte, the arista, apical half of palpi
and three vittae on the mesonotum, black ; antennae almost as long
as the head, slightly tapering to the tip, the third joint three and one-
half times as long as wide ; front and sides of face polished, middle
of face thinly whitish pruinose, body polished, wings hyaline, slightly
tmged with yellow. Length, 3.5 mm. St. Augustine, Fla. Two
female specimens, collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson. Type No.
4094 clavipennis, n. sp.

Genus Trigonometopus.

Yellow, two vittae on the front, four on the mesonotum, the upper side
of the scutellum and the metanotum, brown, antennal arista white,
with a very short pubescence ; head subopaque, mesonotum and
scutellum opaque, abdomen somewhat polished ; wings hyaline,
small and posterior crossveins bordered with brown, two circular
brown spots on the last section of the third vein, the outer one
almost directly in front of the posterior crossvein. Length, 3.5 mm.
Colorado. A female specimen. Type No. 4095 .punctipennis^ n. sp.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGlSt. 28 1

CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR
THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.

BV ^VII.LIAM H. ASHNfEAI), ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARl.MEN'T OF
INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(Paper No. 6.)
Family XII. — Nematid.i:.
This family is very sharply separated from the Selandriidce,
Dineuridce and the Tenthredinid<s by having only one marginal cell in
the front wings, while from the Hylotomidte, Lophyridce, Perreyiidce and
the Fterygophoridce, which also have only one marginal cell, it is readily
distinguished by pteropterological and antennal characters, and especially
by the basal nerviire in front wings uniting with the subcostal vein far
from the origin of the cubitus.

Our species have been subjected recently to a thorough revision by
Mr. C. L. Marlatl, in a work entitled : " Revision of the Nematinfe of
North America, etc. Technical Series No. 3, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, 1896."

Mr. Marlatt's " Revision " is typical of the best kind of systematic
work, and the Department of Agriculture is to be congratulated on
publishing works of such a high degree of merit.

The publication by our Government of technical works, on special
groups of insects of an economic importance, is an excellent feature in the
present administration and one that I trust will become permanent.
These publications not only contribute towards filling a void in our
literature, draw attention of our farmers, fruit-growers and laymen to the
necessity and importance of the study of insects, but also act as a
stimulant to our students, and greatly advance systematic and economic
entomology.

In his revision Mr. Marlatt followed Konow and placed the genera
Dineura and Hemichroa with the Nematince. In this I cannot agree,
since they seem to me to have very little affinity, if any, with this group.
Their affinities are almost equally divided between the Selandriidce and
the Tenthredinidce., but with characters sufficiently distinct to justify one
in placing them in a family by themselves.

It may be well here also to call attention to the position Mr. Marlatt
assigned one of his species, viz., Fachynematus g>-€i^arius. Dr. Dyar*, in
describing the larva of this species, expressed surprise at the iiosition

*fourn. N. Y. F-nt. Soc, Vol. V. ,

282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

assigned the imago by Mr. Marlatt, since the larva was so different from
other Pachynematus larvae he had bred. He says : "I was much
surprised that the flies should belong to Pachynematus. The larvw of
this genus are solitary grass feeders, whereas a larva very similar to this
species is described as that of a species of Fristiphora."

On making a careful study of the type, I find it really belongs to the
genus Micronematus, Konow, and has nothing to do with Pachynematus.
This result was a great surprise to me, because Mr. Marlatt, in speaking
of the genus Microiiematus, says : ''This genus seems to be of doubtful
value, and at least has no American representative."

The genus, as my table shows, is a good one, falling near
Prist iphora, where Dyar would have it placed from larval characters,
and it is quite evident that Marlatt misinterpreted some of Konow's
characters, since the genus as tabulated by him cannot be recognized.

The family Ncmatidce, as here defined, may be divided into two
subfamilies as follows :

Table of Subfamilies.

Lanceolate cell widely contracted at the middle and

closed Subfamily I., Cladinae.

Lanceolate cell petiolate Subfamily IL, Nematinae.

Subfamily L — Cladin.e.

The species belonging to this subfamily are readily distinguishable

by the widely-contracted lanceolate cell, the contracted part uniting with

the submedian vein and leaving a closed cell at base.

To this group belong five genera distinguishable by the aid of the

following table :

Table of Genera.

Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures 4.

Second and third submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent nervure, or
if the first transverse cubitus is wanting it is the first and second
submarginal cells which receive the recurrent nervures.

Male characters 2.

Female characters.

Antennae somewhat compressed, with a sharp projection at tip of
basal joint, the third joint with a sinus beneath at the middle,
so that the joint is narrower at middle than at the base or

tip Cladius, Illiger.

Antennae normal, cylindrical, not compressed, claws cleft,

THB CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283

Third joint of antennje slightly curved or slenderer at the
middle, with a short projection at the base, not longer than
the fourth Trichocampus, Hartig.

Third joint of antennic simple, uniformly

thickened Priopliorus, Latreille.

2. Antenme simple, or at most with the third joint alone forked 3.

Antennce with joints 3-5 and sometimes 6-7 with a more or less

prominent branch at apex Cladius, Illiger.

3. Antenm^ with the third joint bent or a little slenderer at the middle

and usually with a short blunt process beneath ; second recur,
rent nervure in hind wings interstitial or uniting with the cubitus

beyond \\\t second transverse cubitus Trichiocampus, Hartig.

Antennse simple, the third joint uniformly thickened ; second
recurrent nervure in hind wings joins the first submarginal cell
before the second transverse cubitus Priophorus, Latreille.

4. Front wings with four submarginal cells ; claws bifid.

2 with the abdominal segments 7-S not carinate ; ^ with the
last abdominal segment entire, without a median

furrow Camponiscus, Newman.

Front wings with three submarginal cells (rarely with four) ; claws
simple.

$ with dorsal abdominal segments 7-8 with median carinse ;
$ with the last dorsal abdominal segment with a median

furrow Anoplonyx, Marlatt.

Subfamily II. — Nematin^.
This subfamily is distinguished from the Claditice by the distinctly
petiolated lanceolate cell, the anal vein being always absent at base ■
the second submarginal cell, or the first if the first transverse cubitus is
wanting, always receives both recurrent nervures, or the second recurrent
is interstitial with the second transverse cubitus.

About a dozen genera are known, readily distinguished by the aid of
the following table :

Table of Genera.

Costal transverse nervure interstitial with the apex of the basal nervure or
placed a little beyond it 10.

Costal transverse nervure never interstitial with the apex of the basal
nervure, always placed somewhat before it.

Claws bifid or cleft ,

5-

284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Claws with a small or short tooth beneath, a little beyond the middle,

and which projects nearly at a right angle 2.

Claws simple, without a tooth.

First and third submarginal cells small, nearly equal, united
shorter than the second ; clypeus emargi-
nate Gymnonychus, Marlatt.

2. Clypeus anteriorly truncate or at most only slightly emarginate ; first

transverse cubitus often wanting 3.

Clypeus anteriorly distinctly emarginate ; first transverse cubitus
always distinct.

Marginal cell in hind wings at apex pointed, with an appendage,
the second recurrent nervure usually uniting with the first sub-
marginal (first discal) cell, at about two-thirds its
length Pachynematus, Konow.

3. Marginal cell in hind wings at apex pointed, witJi an appendage ; head

with the frontal atea most frequently wanting, rarely distinct. . . .4.
Marginal cell in hind wings pointed, without an appendage ; head
with the frontal area distinct.

Second recurrent nervure in hind wings received by the first sub-
marginal cell at about two-thirds its length, or a little before,
rarely very near its apex ; last dorsal abdominal segment in ^
with a carina extending to apex Lygaeonematus, Konow.

4. Hind wings witli the second recurreiU nervure received by the first

submarginal cell at about two-thirds its length or a little before,
rarely beyond ; frontal area wanting; sheaths of ovipositor rounded
at apex; last dorsal segment in ({ with the carina, if present, not

e lending to the apex Pristiphora, Latreille.

Hind wings with the second recurrent nervure received by the first
submarginal cell near its apex or almost interstitial with the second
transverse cubitus ; frontal area more or less defined ; sheaths of
ovipositor roundly truncate from below ; last dorsal segment in
^ triangularly i)roduced Micronematus, Konow.

5. Front wings with four submargmal cells, or if with three only the first

transverse cubitus is wanting or subobsolete 6.

Front wings with three submarginal cells, the third transverse cubitus
wanting ; second recurrent nervure in hind wings usually interstitial
or uniting with the cubitus a little beyond the first closed submar-
ginal cell ; frontal area more or less defined Euura, Newman.

( ^ Cryptocampus, Hartig.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285

6. Middle mesothoracic lobe medially more or less depressed and with

a distinct median grooved line or furrow ; marginal cell in hind

wings pointed at apex, but ivith a distinct appendage 8.

Middle mesothoracic lobe convex, without a distinct median grooved
line, with a m )re or less median carina posteriorly ; if this groove is
at all present, only slightly indicated anteriorly ; marginal cell in
hind wings pointed at apex, but witJiout a distinct appendage.

Male characters 7.

Female characters.

Antennae rather widely separated at base, with a convex promi-
nence between, which is margined superiorly ; last dorsal
abdominal segment short, rounded at apex . . Pontania, Costa.

7. Last dorsal abdominal segment with a small blunt, more or less awl-

shaped, projection Pontania, Costa.

8. Male characters 9.

Female characters.

Frontal area more or less well detined ; mesonotum and pleura
shining, smooth, or at most sparsely punctate ; last dorsal ab-
dominal segment not long, squarely truncate or very slightly
rounded at apex.

Last ventral st-gment at apex without a median sinus or incision.

Legs normal, the hind tarsi not thickened. . Pteronus, Jurine.

Legs with the hind tibi^ and tarsi more or less thickened,

the former longitudinally sulcate. . . Holcocnema, Konow.

Last ventral segment at apex with a median sinus or

incision Nematus, Jurine.

Frontal area wanting ; mesonotum and pleura opaque, with very
dense and fine punctures ; last dorsal abdominal segment almost
as long as wide, at apex rounded or triangularly produced ; last
ventral segment triangularly produced . . Amauronematus, Konow.

9. Last ventral segment at apex obtusely, triangularly produced or trun-

cate.

Last dorsal abdominal segment at apex medially, luith a rounded

or truncate projection Pteronus, Jurine.

Last dorsal abdominal segment at a[)ex truncate, without a pro-
jection.

First dorsal abdominal segment not deeply incised ; terminal
ventral plate only about twice as long as wide ; frontal
area more or less distinct.

286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hind tibi?e and tarsi somewhat thickened, the former

^ with a longitudinal sulcus Holcocnema, Konovv.

Hind tibi;« and tarsi normal Nematus, Jurine.

First dorsal abdominal segment with a deep median incision ;
terminal ventral plate more than twice as long as wide ;

frontal area wanting Amauronematus, Konow.

lo. Hind femora and tibiae somewhat thickened, the tarsi

normal Hypolaepus, Kirby.

Hind tibi:e towards apex and first joint of the tarsi strongly com-
pressed and very broad Croesus, Leach.

Family XHI. — Dineurid.e.
This group has heretofore baen classified with the Neinatidcey but
from which it is readily separated by having two marginal cells in the front
wings. It appears to me, however, to be more closely allied to the
Selandriidce, and especially to the Tenthredinidce, than to the Nematida,
and probably was evolved from the latter. The basal nervure uniting
with the subcostal vein some distance from the origin of the cubitus sepa-
rates it from the former, while the short oviform abdomen and the vena-
tion of the front wings distinguish it from the latter.

Two subfamilies have been recognized, separated as follows :
Table of Subfamiiies.
Lanceolate cell contracted near the middle, closed at

base Subfamily L, Hemichrointe.

Lanceolate cell petiolate Subfamily H., Dineurinse.

Subfamily L — Hemichroin^..
This subfamily in having the lanceolate cell contracted at or near
the middle, and in the habitus of the species, closely resembles the Hoplo-
campinx in the family Selandriidse, and suggests the possibility of its
being the phylum from whence that family originated.

The genera may be recognized with the aid of the following table :
Table of Genera.
Costal transverse nervure not interstitial, placed much before the apex of
the basal nervure ; third submarginal cell more than twice as long as
the first ; claws bifid.

Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures, or the
second recurrent is interstitial ; first recurrent nervure in hind
wings not twice the length of the first transverse cubitus, the anal
cell longly petiolated Hemichroa, Curtis.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287

Second and third submaginal cells each receiving a recurrent nervure;
first recurrent nervure in hind wings more than twice the length of
the first transverse cubitus, the anal cell longly

petiolated Opisthoneura, Ashm., n. g,

(Type O. Crevecoeuri, Ashm.)
Costal transverse nervure interstitial with the apex of the basal nervure ;
third submarginal cell not twice as long as the first ; claws

simple Marlattia, Ashm., n. g.

(Type H. laricis, Marl.)

Subfamily II. — Dineurin.t:.

The petiolated lanceolate cell readily distinguishes this subfamily
from the former. In general appearance the species included in it recall
those to be found in the Blennocainpince, the only marked structural
difference being the venation in the front wings.

Only two genera are at present known, separated by the characters
made use of in the following table :

Table of Genera.

Transverse radius oblique and joining the third submarginal cell beyond
its middle ; claws of hind legs with a small, subapical
tooth Dineura, Dahlbom.

Transverse radius straight and interstitial with the second transverse
cubitus, or very nearly, the latter itself being interstitial (or nearly) with
the second recurrent nervure ; claws bifid Mesoneura, Hartig.

THE FREEZING OF INSECTS.

BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.

In the 22nd Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, being
that for 1 89 1, there appeared a paper from my pen under the title " Can
Insects Survive Freezing?"

I have recently come across further records of observations upon
this subject, and deem them of sufficient interest to be republished in the
Canadian Entomologist.

In looking over an interesting book of travels entitled " A Journey
from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean,
undertaken by order of the Hudson's Bay Company for the discovery of

288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

copper mines, a north-west passage, etc., in the years 1769, 1770, 1771
and 1772, by Samuel Hearne," published in 1796, I came across the
following interesting notes on page 397 :

"Frogs, Grubs, and Other Insects.
" Frogs of various colours are numerous in those parts as far north
as the latitude 61°. They always frequent the margins of lakes, ponds,
rivers and swamps ; and, as the winter approaches, they burrow under
the moss, at a considerable distance from the water, where they remain
in a frozen state till the spring. I have frequently seen them dug up
with the moss (when pitching tents in winter) frozen as hard as ice, in
which state the legs are as easily broken off as a pipestem, without
giving the least sensation to the animal ; but by wrapping them up in
warm skins, and exposing them to slow fire, they soon recover life, and
the mutilated animal gains its usual activity ; but if they are permitted to
freeze again, they are past all recovery, and are never more known to
come to life. The same may be said of the various species of spiders,
and all the grub kind, which are very numerous in those parts. I have
seen thousands of them dug up with the moss when we were pitching
our tents in the winter, all of which were invariably enclosed in a thick
web, which Nature teaches them to spin on those occasions ; yet they
were apparently all frozen as hard as ice. The spiders, if let fall from
any height on a hard substance, would rebound like a gray pea; and all
the grub kind are so hard frozen as to be as easily broken as a piece of
ice of the same size ; yet, when exposed to a slow heat, even in the depth
of winter, they will soon come to life, and in a short time recover their

usual motions."

In Dr. H. Guard Knaggs's Lepidopterisi's Guide, on page 49 of the
1871 edition, under the heading of " Ailments of Larvae," I find the
following :

" Frost Bite. It is well known that larvag, which have been so stifiiy
frozen that they might have been easily broken, have afterwards recovered.
The chief thing to be remembered in the treatment of such cases, is that
the thawing should be effected very gradually — rapid thawing bein^
dangerous."

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289

NOTES ox JASSINI, WITH SOME NEW SPECIES.

BY C. F. BAKER, ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, AUBURN, ALA.

Tlnobreginiis vtttatns, VanD. — This species occurs from Virginia to
Brownsville, Texas, where it is frequent The male differs most remark-
ably from the female. It is smaller and the elytra equal the abdomen in
length. In the male the head and all below, with bases of femora, hind
tibiai entirely and tips of elytra are black ; the pronotum and elytra except
tips are milky white. The hind xiib\x. equal the whole body in length.

JVeocoelidea^G. is: B — The description of this genus requires amend-
ing somewhat, on account of the discovery of a number of new species
evidently congeneric with tuinidifrons, and in consequence of a study of
a large series of specimens of the type species. The anteapical cell in the
wing is a monstrosity ; there are two apical cells besides the costal or
supernumerary, the first sometimes peduncled. All of the species are not
as robust as tumidifroiis and /actipe?mis, but resemble Thamnotettix in
form, having longer elytra. The elytra always lack a distinct appendix
and sometimes possess but three well-defined apical cells. VanDuzee's
Jassus lactipennis belongs in this genus. Tuniidifrons i.s found also in
Texas.

Neocoelidea lineata, n. sp. — Female. Length 7 mm. Vertex broadly
obtusely rounded. Colour pale greenish-yellow. Apex of vertex with a
small black spot ; the disc with a median longitudinal darkened area
which extends across the pronotum, becoming gradually broader jios-
teriorly and forking on the scutel. Elytra subhyaline, slightly obscured,
somewhat darker along the internal border and at apex. Veins of wings
except second sector strong and dark. Tergum with a longitudinal black
band narrowing to a point behind and visible through the closed elytra.
Ovipositor rufous. Last ventral segment very long and truncate or more
or less sinuate behind, and slightly notched at centre.

Male. — Length 5.5 mm. Colour orange yellow. Length of valves
twice entire breadth at base, alternate and parallel-sided beyond middle.

Prof A. P. Morse collected this species in abundance at Ashland,
Oreg., Sept. 7th. There were in the lot but fe-w males to many females.

Neocoelidea obscura, n. ?,\). — Female. Length 5.5 mm. Proportion-
ally rather broad across base of elytra. Vertex obtusely rounded. Straw
coloured ; apex of vertex with a small black spot. Elytra nearly hyaline.
Tergum with a subobsolete trace of black at base. Vertex, pronotum
and scutel with faint traces of two parallel light lines, which are very

290 THE CANADIAN ENtOMOLOGlSt.

faintly edged with reddish. Veins of wings, except second sector, very
distinct and brownish. Last ventral segment very long, white, hind mar-
gin evenly rounded.

Male. — Length 5.5 mm. While slightly shorter, the male is not
narrower, and this makes it appear more robust than the female. The
reddish borders are more prominent, and the veins of the elytra are con-
spicuously brown, the latter being a very rare character in this genus.
The valves are once and a half as long as wide at base, the sides evenly
oblique to the acute tip^ scarcely incurved.

There are several females in my collection from Prescott, Ariz.
(Kunze'), and in the National Museum a male from Texas, and a female
from Marble Valley, Cal. (Koebele).

. Neocoelidea nebrolineata, n. sp. — Size and form of obsaira, to which
it is closely related. The two parallel white lines on the vertex, pronotum
and scutel, are very distinct. Vertex obtuse, but rather strongly pro-
duced, its apex without a black spot. Colour above shading into reddish
on the vertex, where it contrasts strongly with the white lines, giving the
vertex the appearance of being rubrolineate. Inner margin of elytra
somewhat darker. Wings with all the veins whitish.

Male. — Slightly smaller than the female, and brighter coloured.
Valves large, long, parallel-sided, tumid, and apex bluntly rounded.

Described from one male and five females in the Herbert H. Smith
collection, taken at Corumba and Chapada, Brazil, in March, April, May.

Neocoelidea pallida, n. sp. — Female. Length 5 mm. Vertex strongly
produced and subacute. Colour very pale faded yellowish throughout,
the elytra subhyaline. Veins of wings, except second sector basally, dis-
tinct and brownish. Last ventral segment long, subtruncate. Male
somewhat smaller, valves as in lineata.

This species was abundant near Tucson, Ariz , in May and June
(Kunze). Prof. Morse also found it at Palm Springs, Cal., on July 12th.
This small weak form seems to be common in the South-west. It has a
singular lack of salient characters. It can be readily separated from the
other species by its size, lack of markings, and form of vertex.

Neocoelidea modesta, n. sp. — Female. Length 7 mm. Large and
robust, but with the usual elongate elytra. Pale sordid yellowish through-
out, the elytra subhyaline, the vertex with a small black spot at apex.
The last ventral segment is twice the length of the preceding, and very
broadly notched to half its length.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. -91

Described from three females in the Herbert H. Smith collection,
taken at Chapada, Brazil, in June and August.

Neocoelidea Barretti, n. sp. — Female. Length 6 mm. Vertex
moderately produced, obtuse. Colour pale lemon-yellow. Tip of vertex
with a small black spot ; from this, extending backward lo the tip of the
clavus, is a conspicuous longitudinal brown band ; the sides of this band
are darker, and incurved twice on the vertex, once on the pronotum, once
on the scutel, and twice on the clavus ; it terminates in a brown spot on
either side just beyond tip of clavus. Scutel with a black spot on
either side of the centre. Elytra subhyaline, slightly smoky within at tip.
Wings milky white, with a median longitudinal fuliginous band. Tergum
with a median longitudinal black band.

Male somewhat smaller and more strongly coloured, the valves as in
iineatd.

Described from several specimens collected near Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Named in honour of Mr. O. W. Barrett, a collector who shows promise
of doing something noteworthy on the Mexican fauna. This is the most
striking North American species of the genus.

Neocoelidea bimacu/ata, n. sp. — Female. Length 6.5 mm. With the
colour and very much the general a^jpearance of iiiodesta, but smaller,
slenderer, and with two brown commissural spots on clavus, one at base,
the other at tip. The vertex is proportionately more produced. Last
ventral segment somewhat longer than preceding, depressed either side of
median line, the hind margin slightly produced and minutely notched at
middle.

Male slightly smaller, the valves rather large and long, gradually
evenly narrowed to obtuse points.

Described from a male and female in the Herbert H. Smith collec-
tion^ taken at Chapada, Brazil, in August.

Neocoelidea Smithii, n. sp. — Female. Length 8 mm. Pale yellowish
with faint touches of reddish on sides of front, pronotum, scutel, and along
commissural margin of clavus. Elytra shining yellowish, subhyaline, with
four dark spots on inner margin, three on clavus and one beyond ; with a
complete transverse decoloured band before transverse nervures, which
is edged before near costa with a dash of red ; with another partial de-
coloured band beyond transverse nervures which is edged near costa with
fuliginous. Costal margin of elytra and first sector of wings greenish.
Wing subhvaline, with a median row of three fuliginous spots ; veins pale

29l' 'jiik Canadian em'umulogist,

brown, excepting first sector. Last ventral segment but little longer than
preceding,hind margin truncate, with the laleral angles somewhat produced.

Described from a single specimen t'rom Brazil in the Herbert H.
Smith collection. It is the largest and finest known species in the genus.
It is most nearly related \.o graiiosns, .Spang., which is also an undoubted
Neocoelidea.

Paracoelidea, n. gen. — With the venation and other characters of
YV(?tfcf^//^<?<?, but with the clypeus strongly and very conspicuously tuber-
culate. This is a character unique in the tribe y(/.f^/;// and very rare in
the subfamily Jassinte. The elytra are elongate as in Thamnotettix.
Type, Paracoelidea tubercuhiia, n. sp.

Paracoelidea tuberculata, n. sp. — Female. Length 5 mm. Vertex
rather strongly produced and subacute, as in Neocoelidea pallida. Colour
pale yellowish. The elytra subhyaline and faintly yellowish, with the in-
ternal margin and apex slightly infuscate. Tergum medially black.
Wing with the third sector and its forks strongly brown, the other veins
pale. Last ventral segment twice length of preceding, hind margin
truncate.

Male somewhat more highly coloured. The valves are about twice
as lor^g as entire breadth at base, tapering to obtuse tips, sides rounded
below, somewhat constricted at two-thirds of length.

Described from several specimens from New Bedford, Mass. (Hough),
several from Washington, D. C. (Coqm'llttt), a number from the vicinity
of Baltimore taken on pine (Uhler), and one feir.ale collected by myself
at Auburn, Ala.

Terulia ffiagna, r\. sp. — Feinale. Length 14 mm, breadth across
base of elytra 5 mm. Ocelli equidistant from eyes and median line.
Front with a fine, sharp median carina. Clypeus with a narrow median
callosity and with apex somewhat emarginate. Clavus without transverse
nervures. Colour ferruginous throughout, including the subcoriaceous
elytra; front a little lighter, vertex darker before tip. The strong carina
on propleura, and some indistinct markings on fore and middle legs,
reddish. Hind legs lineate with black. Last ventral segment depressed
on either side of a strong median ridge, the hind margin acutely produced
medially, then broadly incurved to the prominent lateral angles.

Described from a single female in the Herbert H. Smith collection,
taken at Para, Brazil, in July. This species is nearest ferrugiuea (Stal.),
but differs in size and various minor characters. It is the largest described
species in the genus.

Petalopoda annulipes (Spang) —There is a specimen of this curious
Jassid in the Herbert H. Smith collection, taken at Santarem, Brazil,

Till': CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293

TWO NEW SPECIES OF LECANIUM FROM CANADA.

BV T. D. A. COCK.ERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Lccanium ( Eulecaii'nim ) caryaruin, n sp. — 9- Scale (after pro-
ducing young) somewhat variable in form, from long. 6, lat. 3^;2, alt. 2^3
mm., to long. 5^/^, lat. ^yi, alt. 3j^ mm., the more swollen individuals
probably affected by parasites ; outline in transverse section nearly
hemispherical, in longitudinal section more or less low-pyramidal, with
the posterior slope considerably the shortest, the apex of the pyramid
marked by a more or less prominent boss, sometimes inclined to be
double. Colour of scale dark chestnut; sides pitted and plicate to a
variable degree.

Antennte rather unusually long and slender, about 348 jj-ix long ;
formula 37 (12) 465 ; 3 is about S^f^fj. long, 7 about 50 /x/t ; i with two
short bristles, 2 with two long bristles near the end, 4 with a very long
bristle, 5 and 6 each with a rather short bristle, 7 with two whorls of
rather short bri-tles.

Tarsus about 23 length of tibia; tibia xi6 /^/x long, tarsus (without
claw) about 74 //,u. Digitules long; thorax of claw extending far beyond
its tip, one a little siiorter and stouter than the other. Length of anal
plates about 150 /z//.. Width of mouth-parts about 166 ///_/..

Hud. — Very abundant on twigs and branches of a magnificent tree of
Carya a/ba, on the grounds of Mr. C. Thonger, at Niagara, Ontario,
June 17th, 1898 (J. Fletcher).

There is an unfortunate confusion about Fitch's L. caryce. The
original description, published in 1856, is as follows: "Large, very
convex, oval, black fading to chestnut brown, in May dusted over with a
white powder." Long. 0.40, lat. 0.25 inch. This agrees tolerably well
in some respects with a species found by Mr. King, which will be described
in a future paper.

Signoret, however, describes a quite different Z. caryce, based on
specimens sent to him as that species by Fitch. This is only 6 mm. long,
and has 6-jointed antennae. It is closely allied in all respects to the
European L. corni. What I take to be this species was found by Mr. G.
B. King, at Methuer, Mass., on Gleditschia. This Glcditschia insect, how-
ever, agrees even better with Signoret's account of L. cynosbati, Fitch,
and my present opinion is that cynosbaii, Fitch, and carycp., Sign, (not
F'"itch, 1856), are one species,

204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Z. catyce, var. canadense, Ckll , must stand as Z. canadense. L. cary-
arum, above described, is well distinguished from all these species,
especially by its antennae.

Lecanium ( Eu/eca/iium) machirartitn, n sp. — 5 . Scale long. 41^,
lat. 3, alt. 3 mm., very dark chestnut brown, shiny, smooth dorsally,
pitted round the margin ; in transverse section narrower than a half circle,
in longitudinal section with the outline of a half circle, except that the
margin is produced caudally.

Antennte shorter than in caryariii/i, about as long as in rynosbati,
y-jointed, formula 3 (17) 25 (46). Sometimes the antennae seem only
6-jointed, with a formula 3162 (45). • In the normal (7-jointed) antennae,
3 is about 62 jLjL long, while 4 is less than half that length; i is about
42 //./i long, 7 the same.

Tibia 113 to 121 /x/t long, tarsus (without claw) 85 to 90 /'./'., claw
23 jiji. Claw digitules rather slender, extending considerably beyond-
its ti|\ Skin reticulated as usual in the subgenus.

Hab. — On twigs of osage orange, Niagara, Ontario, June 17, 1898
(J. Fletcher).

This scale has some considerable resemblance to Z. corylifex. Filch,
which Mr. G. B. King has lately found at Lawrence, Methuen and
Andover, Mass., on Corylus americafia.

I will take this opportunity to record that I have just received
Z. querdtronis. Fitch, from two new localities, on new food plants, viz ,
(i) on elm, DuBois, 111. (Chas. C. Adams), (2) on Castanea pumiia,
on the road to and near the Yosemita Valley, Mariposa Co , Calif. (Alex.
Craw).

t.*:niocampa alia, g.v., at Quebec.

BY RP:V. 'IHOMAS W. FYLES.

Fifiy-nine eggs of this species were found on a twig o{ Amelanchier
Cafiadensis, at the "Gomin," June ist, 1897. They were laid in four
rows — each row was about three-fourths of an inch long.

Egg. — Small, dull pink in colour, striated. The ridges branch into
pairs a short distance from the apex, and number altogether about 33.
Each ridge is regularly indented, so as somewhat to resemble a cord.
Hatched in the afternoon of June 5th.

Voung larva. — A half-looper. Length one-tenth of an inch. Colour
greenish-yellow. Set thickly with brown warts, and sparsely with bristles,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295

Head large. Two hindmost pairs of pro-legs and the claspers very
long. Moulted June loth.

Larva after first tnoult. — Length two-tenths of an inch. Colour
green. Dorsal line white; subdorsal white, with a chocolate line close
below it. A second chocolate line below that. .Side line white. On
the segment next the liead is a whorl of black dots, with a black bristle
surmounting each dot. There is a similar whorl on the following seg-
ment. On each of the other segments there are along the back two
pairs of black dots — tiie tirst pair nearer together than the second. Head
ochreous. Feet green. Moulted June 15th.

Larva after second moult. — Length four-tenths of an inch. Head
ochreous. Body colour dull green. Dorsal and sub-dorsal lines green-
ish-white. Spiracular line milk wiiite, and broad. Between the sub-
dorsal and spiracular lines the colour is brownish-green. Spiracles
black. Moulted June 23rd.

Larva after third moult. — Length one inch. Head chestnut.
Body colour brown. Dorsal, sub-dorsal and side lines interrupted,
bluish, bordered with dark brown. Spiracular line milk white. Spiracles
black. On either side of ihe dorsal line, on each segment, is a pale
spot. Moulted June 28th.

Full-grown larva — Length one inch and a half to one inch and
three-quarters. Plump ; dull brown, rather mottled, lighter on the back.
Dorsal, sub-dorsal and side lines somewhat interrupted ; ochreous, edged
with dark brown. Spiracular line dirty white. Spiracles black. Head
light chestnut, with a brown spot on each side. Buried itself July 4th.
Formed a cist with a slight web.

Chrysalis. — Rich mahogany brown.

Lmago. — Somewhat variable in colour. The following is a descrip-
tion of the prevailing type : Expanse of wings, one and a half inches ;
length of body, seven-tenths of an inch ; length of antennae, nine-twen-
tieths of an inch. Antenn?e fihform. Colour of primaries, brownish-
ash, with a gloss; fringe reddish. Along the subterminal line to within a
short distance of the costa is a row of dark brown velvety spots.
Reniform and orbicular stigmata dull brown, outlined with Indian-red.
Inner line wavy; this and the elbowed line are Indian-red. The central
shade is reddish-brown. On the basal half of the wing are some short
curved, Indian-red markings. On either side of the subterminal line is
a row of small, but distinct, brown dots. Secondaries gray. The moths
appeared in early spring.

29G THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BOOK NOTICES.

Outdoor Studies : a Reading Book of Nature Study. — By James G.
Needham; i Vol., pp. 90. New York, Cincinnati, Chicago : Ameri-
can Book Company.
These are a series of stories of animal life, written in a charmingly
interesting way, and designed to lead on a youthful reader to observe for
himself the wonders of nature that are everywhere open to his view. It
begins with an account of the common wild snapdragon, or " butter and
eggs," and tells how the peculiar structure of the flower is designed for
the visits of the bumblebees who come for the nectar and carry off the
pollen as well. The next chapters are on Chipmunks; Galls and their
makers ; the Golden-rod and its visitors and tenants ; Crows and their
doings ; Dragon-flies, which, as our readers may remember, have been
special objects of the author's studies ; Eye-spots on insects which aid in
the protection of their owners ; and Ant-lions. Any boy or girl who
takes up the book and dives a little way into its pages will surely read
on with delight, and when the little volume is closed, be anxious to sally
forth and see if he (or she) cannot find some similar marvels of nature
and learn their meaning while admiring their beauty.

The book is one of a series designed for the use of school children
who are about to enter the high schools. It is beautifully illustrated
with about ninety wood-cuts, the work of Mrs. Needham, the author's
wife, and is provided with an index and a list of the scientific names of
the animals and plants referred to in the text.

Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, indigenous and exotic.

Supplement No. i. By Herman Strecker. (Printed for the author),

Reading, Pa., 1898. 12 pp., 4to. Price, 25 cents.
It is now twenty-one years since Mr. Strecker published the last
number of the above-named work ; it was, therefore, an agreeable surprise
to receive the first part of a new issue with the old familiar title page.
This "Supplement No. i " contains descriptions of fifty-one species of
Heterocera, which have all, with one exception — a species from Brazil —
been taken in North America ; two-thirds of ihem are described from
single examples. The author states in his preface that he found, on re-
arranging his collection of Noctuid;^, that he had a number of specimens
which he was unable to identify, •' either through the bibliography, or the
examination of other collections, or by the aid of specialists," and con-
sequently he took the matter in his own hands and issued this instalment
of new descriptions. He explains also the difficulties that he met with in
his endeavor to give figures of the species thus described, and how he
was compelled to do without them. We certainly miss them very much,
but as we are never likely to possess duplicates of anything that is unique
in Mr. Strecker's collection, the want of them is not so serious. Under
these circumstances it seems a pity that Mr. Strecker had not sent his
descriptions to some entomological journal, such as the Transactions Am.
Ent. Society, rather than to have published them in this form himself.

.Mailed November 1st, 1898.

J

Vol. XXX. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1898. No. 12.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.

The thirty-fifth annual meeting of the Society was held in Montreal
on the Slh and 9th of November, in order that the members might join in
the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the foundation of the
Montreal Branch. A full account of the business transacted and the
papers read will be published in the annual report of the Society. A
. very enjoyable conversazione was held in the rooms of the Natural
History Museum in the evening of the 8th. Short addresses on the
history and progress of the Society were made by Mr. Lyman (the
President), Dr. Fletcher, and the Rev. Drs. Bethune and Fyles. A large
number of microscopes, with slides of an entomological character, were
furnished by the Microscopical Society, and a splendid display of speci-
mens, chiefly Lepidoptera, was made by the members of the Montreal
Branch.

The following were elected officers for the ensuing year :

President. — Henry H. Lyman, M. A., Montreal.

Vice-President.— V^Q\. T. W. Fyles, D. C. L., F. L. S., South Quebec.

Secretary. — W. E. Saunders, London.

lyeasurer. — J. A Balkwill, London.

Directors. — Division No. i — W. H. Harrington, F. R. S. C, Ottawa ;
Division No. 2 — J. D. Evans, Trenton ; Division No. 3 — Arthur Gibson,
Toronto ; Division No. 4 — A. H. Kilman, Ridgeway ; Division No. 5 —
R. W. Rennie, London.

Directors Ex-officio (ex-Presidents of the Society). — Professor Wm.
Saunders, LL. D., F. R. S. C, F. L. S., Director of the Experimental
Farms, Ottawa; Rer. C. J. S. Bethune, M. A., D. C. L., F. R. S. C,
Headmaster of Trinity College School, Port Hope ; James Fletcher,
LL. D., F. R. S. C, F. L. S , Entomologist and Botanist, E.xperimental
Farms, Ottawa; John Dearness, I P. S., London.

Director Ex-officio (Ontario Agricultural College). — Professor Wm.
Lochhead, Guelph.

Librarian and Curator. — j. Alston Moffat, London.

298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Auditors. — J. H. Bowman and W. H. Hamilton, London.

Editor of the Canadian Entomologist. — Rev. Dr. Bethune, Port
Hope.

Editing Committee. — Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman,
Montreal : J. D. Evans, Trenton ; W. H. Harrington. Ottawa ; James
White, Snelgrove.

Delegate to the Royal Society. — Rev. Dr. Fyles, South Quebec.

Delegates to the Western Fair. — J. Dearness and W. E. Saunders,
London.

Committee on Field Days.—Vix. Woolverton, Messrs. Balkwill, Bow-
man, Elliott, Law, Percival, Rennie, Saunders, and Spencer, London ;
Dr. Hotson, Parkhill.

Library and Rooms Committee. — Messrs. Balkwill, Bethune, Dear-
ness, Moffat, and Saunders.

NOTES ON SOME ALBERTA BUTTERFLIES.

BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, CALGARY, ALBERTA.

Chionobas. — To hear of the occurrence of Chionobas Macounii in
the hill-prairie district south of Calgary* will doubtless be as much of a
surprise to most entomologists as the discovery of it here has been to
myself. That a man who, like myself, is ever on the outlook for anything
fresh in the way of butterflies, should have lived for five years in a
Macounii locality without knowing it surpasses my comprehension. Whilst
overhatiling, relaxing, and setting last winter from the captures of the past
two seasons, I came across, amongst some papered specimens that had
been handed to me by a Mr. Hudson, an ardent collector here, a papered
butterfly labelled " Chionobas Chryxus, % , July 4th, 1896,'' taken amongst
the spruce about twelve miles west of here ; that is to say, about 26 miles
to the south-west of Calgary. Now, though I have never yet seen
Chryxus here, I have always been expecting to come across it amongst
the spruce, and was not much surprised. However, after relaxing and
setting the specimen, lo and behold ! it was not Chryxus, but agreed
rather closely with some C. calif or nica $ $ that I have from Ft.
Klamoth, Oregon. Having learnt from Mr. Elwes's "Revision of
CEneis " that a supposed Macounii % had been taken by Prof. Macoun

' .\ fine male of this species taken at Red Deer, N.-W. T., by Mr. T. N. Willing,
of Olds, Alta., was shown at the annual meeting of the Entomological vSociety of
Ontario in 1895,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299

at Morley*, Alta., my suspicions were aroused, as the locality where Mr.
Hudson took the specimen is very like the Morley district, viz., thick
spruce and pine timber. To make sure whether the species was Macounii
or not, of course, needed a (^ , so I determined to visit the locality this
season and work specially for it. On June i8th of this year Mr. Hudson
brought me a fine $ of the same species that he had just captured about
a mile west of my place (i. e., about ten miles east of the eastern limit of
the spruce here), and which, from its resemblance in size and colour to
my Oregon Californica, except for the absence of sex mark, I had not
the slightest doubt was Macounii from the moment I saw it. I am gener-
ally too busy with other matters to devote more than one day in the week
to butterfly catching, and as the spruce district is a far better Imnting-
ground for various species than the more immediate neighborhood, it is
thither that about once a week I generally wend my way. Accordingly,
on June 19th, Mr. Hudson and myself visited last year's locality together,
and succeeded in capturing, amongst other species, one fine $ Macounii
flying in the thick timber in company \s\\\-\ Jutta. On 26th we took two
$ ^ and two $ $ in the same locality, and saw about two more, and
noted the fact that it is less partial to the thick spruce than Jutta, as three
of the four specimens were taken outside the spruce, one several hundred
yards from it, whilst Jutta, though common under cover of the woods, is
seldom seen outside. The capture by myself on July 4th of a $ in fair
condition, on the hill-prairie about two miles east of where Mr. Hudson
first took it this year, brings me to believe that it must be somewhat widely
distributed, though it is certainly far from common. Up to date we have
turned up nine specimens in all, and only seen about two more. I can
recognize it on the wing at a glance, and its flight being slow and some-
what clumsy, it is very easy to net on open ground. Three of the four
specimens which I caught myself near the spruce, I disturbed from dead
boughs lying on the ground. One of these I followed — I cannot say
chased — laboriously over fallen timber for about a hundred yards, the
butterfly every now and then settling on a log, and resting with closed
wings and a tilt to one side at an angle of about 45° to the log. It al-
lowed me every time to come almost within striking distance before it
took wing again, and had the nature of the ground permitted me to run a
yard it would never have settled twice after I had first seen it. After one

* There is no doubt as to the identity of the specimens taken at Morley and referred
to by Mr. Elwes. There were two males and one female. These were taken by Mr.
W. T. Macoun, and were exhibited by Dr. Fletcher at one of our annual meetings.

300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

or uvo stalkings, it flew when rising, apparently from clumsiness, towards
me instead of away, and thus ended its career. The specimen I took on
the prairie I observed settle on a flower-head — of what species I know
not — a habit I have never yet observed in q.\\.\\qx Jutta, Alberta or
Variina. The (^ S agree fairly well with my Ca/i/ornica, except that
both primaries and secondaries are broader and more rounded, the sex
marks absent, and the primaries have two ocelli, rarely a trace of a third,
whereas my Calif oniica have only one; and the ground colour of the
under side of secondaries is paler, and the band more contrasting. My
only explanation of the fact that I have not met with it here before this
year, is that it must be very erratic in appearance, as so conspicuous a
butterfly is not easily overlooked. I should be glad to hear something
about it from those who have taken it at Nepigon.

A NEW PLANT LOUSE ON TOBACCO.

BY THEGDORt; PERGANDE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Dr. L. O. Howard, who is prei)aring a general article on the subject
of insects affecting tobacco, for the Year Book of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture for 1898, has called my attention to a plant louse feeding
upon tobacco [)lants grown on the grounds of the Department, which he
wishes to mention specifically in his article, and since it is a new species,
at his request, I submit for publication the following description.

I had been familiar with this undescribed species since 1897, and
had found it on the grounds of the Department of Agriculture in smaller
colonies on Riimex crhpus. Leucanthe/num vulgare, Forsythia viridis-
sima, and also on the leaves of the apple, pear, and egg-plant. Speci-
mens have also been received from Mt. Holly, Md., where they were
reported to feed in immense numbers on the tomato plant.
Nectarophora TABACi, new species.

Winged Viviparous Female. — Length of body, 2.8 mm. to 3 mm.;
expanse of wings, about 8 mm.; length of antennre, 3 to 4 mm. Colour
yellowish-green and faintly pruinous, with the median line and lateral
margins of the abdomen more or less distinctly darker. Head, thoracic
lobes and sternal plate light brownish and polished ; the anterior angle
of the median lobe and posterior angle of the scutellum frequently black.
Eyes brown ; ocelli colourless, margined at inner side with black.
Antenna black, reaching considerably beyond the tip of the tail, the two
basal joints pale, dusky or with a greenish tinge, extreme base of third

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301

joint pale greenish. Legs rather long and slender ; femora pale greenish
at base, shading gradually from brown to black at the apex ; coxae
pale greenish ; tibia; dark yellowish, their apex and the tarsi black.
Nectaries long and slender, slightly stoutest at base, about two-thirds the
length of the femora, reaching beyond the tip of the tail, and of a black
colour, with their basal fourth or less, pale greenish. Tail about one-
fourth the length of the nectaries, curved upwards, densely covered with
minute spines, and provided with a few rather long and fine hairs along
the edges ; green, changing gradually to dusky towards the end. Rostrum
short, not reaching to the median cox:e, pale dirty yellowish, the last two
joints brown or black. Wings transparent, iridescent ; the subcosta
faintly yellowish or greenish, its base more or less distinctly yellow ;
stigma pale greenish, and with a pale dusky shading along the outer and
inner margin ; costa and veins slender and black.

The antenn;e are apparently without any sensoria, but are provided
with a few short and capitate sensorial hairs ; those of the tibi?e are quite
numerous and slightly enlarged at the tip.

Apterous Female. — Length, 4 to 4.4 nun. to the tip of the tail.
Coloration as in the winged forui, though more distinctly pruinous ;
head yellowish ; coxre and femora pale bluish-green, their apex black ;
tail pale green or fre(]uently yellowish. Hairs of antenna and legs as in
the winged form. The larvu', and especially the pupte, are distinctly
pruinous, giving to them a whitish appearance in a certain light. The
younger larvae are yellowish, with antennal joints three and four white,
tipped with black. Pup;f pale yellowish-green, head and thorax pale
greenish, the wing-pads almost white, and with a dusky streak near inner
edge ; coloration of antenni« as in the larvio ; femora very pale greenish,
the tibije pale yellowish, with the apex black.

THE HESSIAN FLY ATTACKING TIMOTHY.
When examining some stems of timothy grass taken from a wheat
field in Prince Edward Island, where this year's crop had been badly
infested with Hessian Fly, I found two of the stems of timothy which bore
the undoubted flax-seed-like puparia of the Hessian Fly. There was only
a single puparium on each stem, and these were at the second joint from
the root, lying inside the sheathing base of the leaf close above the knot.
The Hessian Fly is recorded as attacking timothy in Russia, but I do not
recall any record of similar work in America.

J. Fletcher, Ottawa.

)02 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SOME NEW NEMATIDS.

BY C. L. MARLATT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

PoNTANiA coNSORS, new species.

Larva and Galls. — Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, VI., June, 1S98,
p. 121.

Female. — Length, 4.5-5. mm. ; slender ; surface shining, not at all
pubescent ; clypeus distinctly emarginate, lobes triangular ; ocellar basin
distinctly defined, but with walls rounded ; crest rather sharp, unbroken ;
fovea oval, distinctly defined; antennae short, joints 3 and 4 subequal ;
sheath moderately broad, regularly rounded at tip ; clothed with a rather
dense fringe of long browish hairs ; cerci narrow and elongate ; claws
deeply cleft, rays subequal ; venation normal, upper discal cell of hind
wings elongate, as long as or exceeding lower. Colour black ; orbits
and face brownish-yellow, including the area between the bases of the
antennic ; pronotum, teguhe and legs for the most part and venter of
abdomen yellowish or resinous ; bases of coxa^ black ; posterior tarsi
strongly infuscated ; sheath dark brown ; apical half of abdomen, dor-
sally, resinous, more or less infuscated ; veins and stigma dark brown or
strongly infuscated ; wings hyaline, or nearly so.

Male. — Length, 4.5 mm. ; structural characters in general as in
female ; antenna? ratlier more robust, short, scarcely as long as head
and thorax ; upper discal cell of hind wings distinctly elongate and
exceeding lower cell in length. Colour in general as in female ; wing
veins darker, almost black, and dorsum of abdomen altogether black ;
procidentia not longer than wide.

Described from one female and two males reared by Mr. Dyar from
willow galls on Salix sericea. In the table of the genus given in my
Revision of the Nematinae (Bull. 3, Tech. Ser., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept.) the
female of this species would fall next io pis2(m, Walsh, from which consors
is readily distinguished by having a somewhat elongate third cubital cell,
and by the elongate upper discal cell in the hind wings. The male of
this species falls in the table next to pomum, from which it is readily
separated by the long upper discal cell in consors much exceeding lower
cell.
PoNTANiA 150KEAI.IS, new specics.

Larva and Galls. — Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc , VI., June, 1898,
p. 121.

Female. — Length, 4 mm. ; rather slender, glistening ; body clothed
with minute yellowish hairs, particularly evident on thorax ; clypeus
deeply emarginate ; ridges about anterior ocellus rounded, nearly obsolete;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303

frontal crest well developed, not broken ; fovea minute, oval ; antennae
stout, much shorter than head and thorax ; joints subequal ; sheath
narrow, elongate, regularly tapering or slightly excavated beneath, clothed
witii short black hairs ; cerci long and narrow and not extending to the
tip of sheath ; claws evenly notched or nearly so ; upi)er middle cell of
hind wings projecting one-third its length beyond lower cell ; venation
otherwise normal. Colour black ; narrow inner orbits and cheeks
resinous, strongly infuscate ; spot between bases of antenna; ; mouth-
parts generally, pronolum, teguhe, legs for the most part, and the central
area of venter of abdomen resinous infuscate ; bases of coxaj darker, and
tarsi, especially posterior pair, more strongly infuscate than the rest of the
legs ; sheath edged with black • veins brown ; stigma and costa distinctly
infuscate ; general surface of wings somewhat infuscate.

Described from two females reared by Mr. Dyar from galls on Salix
sericea. The species is allied to P. califoniica.
Type No. 3859, U. S. N. M.

Pteronus carpini, new species.

Larva. — Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. , \'I., June, 1898, p. 121.

Female. — Length, 6 mm. ; rather robust, shining ; clypeus very
broadly and shallowly emarginate, nearly truncate ; vertex roughened
with coarse punctures ; ocellar basin distinctly defined, with prominent
walls ; crest strongly bent anteriorly, scarcely broken centrally ; fovea
triangular, deep, with sharp limiting ridges ; antennae long, very strongly
tapering, joints 3 and 4 subequal, 5 scarcely shorter ; sheath short,
rounded at tip, slightly emarginate beneath, clothed with dark brownish
hairs ; claws deeply notched, rays subequal ; venation normal, upper cell
of hind wings slightly exceeding the lower cell, stigma very robust.
Colour black ; small triangle below the antennal fovea, the clypeus and
other mouth-parts, pronotum, teguUu, legs for the most part, large sternal
spot, and the venter of the abdomen light resinous yellow ; posterior legs
with the tips of their femora and tips of tibice and all the tarsi black ;
edge of the abdomen dorsally and a central line, interrupted on the first
and last segments, yellow ; wings hyaline, veins and stigma dark brown.

Described from a specimen reared by Mr. Dyar from gregarious
larva) on "ironwood," either Ostrya virginica or Carpijius Carolina;
taken at Fort Lee, N. J., in September. In the table of species (1. c, p. 45)
P. carpini will follow P. thoracicus.

Type No. 3859, U. S. N. M.

Pteronus quercus, Marlatt.

^[ale. — ^ Length, 4 5 mm. ; rather robust ; structurally as in the female
except that the intercostal nervure is not interstitial (nor is it quite so in
the companion female) ; procidentia inconspicuous. Colour as in female,

:i04 thp: Canadian entomologist.

except that the anteniue are light yellowish beneath, much more distinctly
so than in the case of the other sex.

The female of this species was described in my Revision of the
Nematinje of North America (Bulletin No. 3, technical series, U. S. Dept.
Agr., Div. Ent., p. 67, No. 35), from a specimen bred March 22nd, from
an oak larva taken at Ithaca, N. Y., by Mr. Trelease. Mr. Dyar has
handed me two specimens, a male and female, reared from solitary larva?
taken at Brook Haven, L. I., resting on the edges of the leaves of Quercus
«//>«, the adults issuing April 15th, 1898. Opportunity is now taken to
characterize the male insect.

Type No. 3860, U. S. N. M.
NeiMatus cHi.OREi'S, Norton.

Male. — Length, 4 mm.; moderately robust and shining; clypeus
distinctly and broadly emarginate, lateral lobes small, sharp pointed ;
vertex smooth, with the walls of ocellar basin indistinct or subobsolete,
and the frontal crest scarcely raised ; fovea semicircular, distinctly
defined ; antenme short, robust, joint 3 slightly larger than joints 4
and 5 ; procidentia short, scarcely projecting ; claws deeply notched ;
venation normal. Colour in general black ; face, beginning with the
frontal crest and including the cheeks and orbits (interrupted opposite
ocelli), pallid ; pronotum, tegul?e and venter for the most part, light
resinous, inclined to reddish yellow ; line across the middle and the upper
and posterior edge of meso-epimera black ; base of posterior coxas black ;
tarsi, especially posterior pair, slightly infuscated ; wings hyaline ; veins
light brown ; costa and stigma yellowish, nearly hyahne.

The female of this insect was described in my Revision of the
Nematinse of North America (1. c, p. 90), from two specimens collected
in Texas, Mr. Dyar has recently reared a male and female of this species
from solitary edge-feeding larva? taken on black oak ( Quercus coccinea)
at Bellport, L. I., and the male is now characterized. (See description of
larva, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. VI., June, 1898, p. 123)

Type No. 3861, U. S. N. M.

Papilio hrevicauihi, Saunders. — This rare butterfly, which has hitherto
only been recorded from Newfoundland, Anticosti, Labrador, Gaspe, and
a few other localities on the Bay of Chaleur, has now been found at
Kamouraska, a village about eighty-five miles below Quebec, by Mr. A.
F. Winn, of Montreal. He found the larva? feeding upon the leaves of
Archangelica, and also obtained eggs from the female butterflies. The
insect has now been carried through all its stages, as related by Mr. Winn
in the paper he read at the annual meeting of the Entomological Society
of Ontario in Montreal. This paper will be published in the forthcoming
Annual Report.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305

CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR
THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OK

INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(Paper No. 7. — Conclusion.)
Family XIV. — Tenthredinid.«.

This family is probably the most extensive of any of the families of
the sawflies, and is of world-wide distribution, representatives of it being
found in all parts of the world, although, as a whole, it is more numerously
represented in the Palearctic and Neotropical regions than elsewhere.

I have separated the family into four subfamilies, distinguishable by
characters made use of in the following table :

Table of Subfamilies.
Lanceolate cell contracted before the middle, but still open, the contracted
part not quite extending to or uniting with the submedian vein, and
with or without an oblique or straight cross-nervure beyond the middle.
Front wings with ihree submarginal cells.

Third transverse cubitus wanting, the first and second sub-
marginal cells each receiving a recurrent

nervure Subfamily I., Athlophorinse.

Second transverse cubitus wanting, the second submarginal
cell therefore large and receiving both recurrent

nervures Subfamily II., Dolerihs,

First transverse cubitus wanting, the first and third sub-
marginal cells each receiving a recurrent

nervure Subfamily III., Strongylogasterinse (pars).

Front wings with four submarginal cells, the second and third each
receiving a recurrent nervure. .Subfamily III., Strongylogasterinse.
Lanceolate cell with a straight or oblique cross-nervure at or a little
before the middle ; if contracted, closed, the contracted part extending
to and uniting with the submedian vein ; front wings with four sub-
marginal cells Subfamily IV., Tenthredininae.

Subfamily I. — Athlophorin.k.

This subfamily is based upon the genus At/i/op/iorus, Burmeister,
described in 1847, from Java. It is unknown to me in nature, but is

oOG THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SO admirably described and figured by Burmeister, that I have no hesi-
tancy in considering it a distinct group near the Dolerince.

The venation of the front wings is quite different from the other sub-
families, in lacking the third transverse cubital nervure and in the shape
of the mandibles.

This group is evidently peculiar to the Oriental region, and we may
naturally expect the discovery of other genera in it when the sawflies of
that region are more extensively collected, since at present our knowledge
of them is most meagre.

The single genus known may be briefly characterized as follows :
Hind wings without a closed discal cell, the anal cell a little shorter than
the submedian ; right mandible simple, acute ; left mandible acute at
apex, but with an incision or tooth at the middle within ; claws

cleft Athlophorus, Burmeister.

Subfamily II. — DoleriN/E.
This subfamily was first separated as a tribe by S. C. Thomson, in
187 1, with one genus, Dolerus, Jurine, established in 1807. Pastor
Konow, however, in 1890, separated this genus into two distinct genera,
based upon the shape of the eyes and the length of the malar space. An
examination of a large series of species of Dolerus shows that these
characters are scarcely reliable or always to be depended upon for
separating the genera, the length of the malar space being variable in the
same species, while the shape of the eyes merges gradually from a short
oval to a long oval. I am, however, not yet prepared to reject the new
genus Loderus, Konow, and give below the characters made use of by
him for separating the two genera.

Table of Genera.
Three submarginal cells, the second long, receiving both recurrent
nervures.

Eyes oval or rounded and strongly convex ; malar space as long or

longer than the pedicel Dolerus, Jurine.

Eyes long-oval, slightly emarginate within ; malar space very short,
linear, shorter than the pedicel Loderus, Konow.

Subfamily III. — Strongylogasterin^.
This group or subfamily has been heretofore confused with the
Selandriides, possibly on account of the similarity of neuration. To me,
however, the genera here brought together under the above subfamily

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3Q7

name have very little real affinity with that family. On the contrary,
taking into consideration their larval characteristics, their narrow elongate
shape, and especially the shape of the head, I believe them to be genuine
Tenthredinids, sufficiently differentiated from the original type to form a
natural group by themselves, although not yet sufficiently divergent to be
considered a distinct family. This group may be the phylum from
whence originated the Selandriidie.

The genera are very numerous, but may be recognized with the aid
of the following table :

Table of Genera.

Lanceolate cell with a transverse or oblique nervure between the

contraction and the apex 3.

Lanceolate cell without such a cross-nervure, simply contracted but still
open before the middle.

Hind wings with two discal cells ; front wings with four submarginal
cells.

Third joint of antennas usually longer than the fourth or of an

equal length 2.

Third joint of antennae not longer than the fourth, usually a
little shorter ; claws simple.

Anal cell in hind wings much shorter than the submedian ;
sheaths usually triemarginate at apex . . . Thinax, Konow.

2. Head with the frontal area well defined, enclosing the front ocellus ;

anal cell in hind wings a little shorter than the submedian, briefly
petiolated ; antennae slender, the first joint shorter than the
second ; claws with a strong tooth at bascStromboceras, Konow.
Head with the frontal area wanting or subobsolete ; anal cell in hind
wings as long as the submedian.

Antenna shorter, thicker, less distinctly pilose, the scape short,
scarcely or rarely thicker than the pedicel ; third joint
scarcely longer than the fourth ; claws

bifid Strongylogaster, Dahlbom.

Antennje long, pilose, tapering off toward tips, the scape large,
much thicker than the pedicel ; third joint almost as long as
joints 4-5 united Waldheimia, Brulle.

3. Front wings with three submarginal cells 12.

Front wings with four submarginal cells.

308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Eyes not extending to base of mandibles, the malar space there-
fore distinct, as long or longer than the pedicel .9.

Eyes extending to base of mandibles, or very nearly ; lanceolate
cell with an oblique cross-netvure, very rarely with a straight
or perpendicular cross-nervure.

Hind wings with two discal cells 7.

Hind wings with one discal cell 6.

Hind wings without a discal cell 4.

4. Hind wings normal, without a bordering nervure at apex 5.

Hind wings with a bordering nervure at apex, although occasionally

wanting between the radius and the cubitus.

Bordering nervure wanting at apical cell between the radius and
cubitus ; head and thorax coarsely cribrately punctate, opaque;
antennae rather short, stout, not tapering towards

apex. (^ Pseudosiobla, Ashm., n. g.

(Type S. excavata, Nort.)

Bordering nervure entire ; head and thorax smooth, shining,

at the most sparsely punctate, except sometimes the head

anteriorly ; antennre neither short nor stout, tapering toward

tips, the third joint longer than the fourth ; claws cleft.

Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian ; flagellar
joints cylindrical. S ■ ■ Strongylogastroidea, Ashm., n. g.

(Type S. apicalis. Say.)
Anal cell in hind wings a little longer than the sub-
median ; flagellar joints sub-compressed.

;: ^ Dimorphopteryx, Ashm., n. g.

(Type S. pinguis, Say.)

5. Anal cell in hind wings as long as or longer than the submedian ;

clypeus deeply semicircularly emarginate ; claws cleft.

Transverse median nervure uniting with the median vein at the
middle of the first discoidal cell ; third antennal joint not
quite as long as joints 4-5 united ; hind tarsi not longer than

their tibiae Parasiobla, Ashm., n. g.

(Type S. rufocinctus, Nort.)

Transverse median nervure uniting with the median vein much
before the middle of the first discoidal cell; third antennal

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309

joint longer than 4-5 united ; hind tarsi much longer than

their tibiai AUomorpha, Cameron.*

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, briefly petiolate;
claws bifid.

Head and thorax coarsely cribrately punctate; third antennal joint

as long as joints 4-5 united. 2 . . .Pseudosiobla, Ashm., n. g.

Head and thorax not cribrately punctate, shining ; third

antennal joint scarcely longer than the

fourth . Aomodyctium, Ashm., n. g.

6. Anal cell in hind wings not so long as the submedian, briefly petio-

lated, the second discoidal cell present ; no closed submarginal cell.
Head and thorax coarsely cribrately punctate, opaque ; antennae
rather short, stout, not tapering off at tips.

9 Pseudosiobla Ashm., n. g.

(Type S. excavata, Nort.)
Anal cell in hind wings a little longer than the submedian, a closed
submarginal cell as well as the second discoidal cell present.

Head and thorax not cribrately punctate, shining ; antennae
tapering toward tips, the third joint long but shorter than

joints 4-5 united. ? Parasiobla, Ashm., n. g.

(Type P. bicolor, Ashm.)

7. Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, briefly petio-

lated 8.

Anal cell in hind wings as long or a little longer than the submedian
cell.

Lanceolate cell with an oblique cross-nervure ; claws cleft.
Clypeus large and deeply semicircularly emarginate.

Second joint of hind tarsi one fourth the length of the
basal joint; pedicel annular, wider than long.

$ Dimorphopteryx, Ashm., n. g.

Second joint of hind tarsi one-third the length of
the basal joint ; pedicel not annular, fully twice

* Alloiiiorplta may be wrongly placed in my table. Cameron says nothing about
the venation of the hind wings. His description reads, " Alar neuralion resembles
Strongylogaster (Cingulatus group)." Now, .V. ciiigii/atiis has two discal cells in the hind
wings. Kirby, however, who, I believe, examined the type, says : " H/iid -liiiii^s with
one discal cell." The artist, however, employed by Kirby has figured it on Plate X.,
No. 22, without a cell in the hind ^uini^s ! In my perplexity I have followed the artist,
since I find his figures of sawflies known to me perfectly accurate.

;U0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

as long as wide or still longer.

9 Strongylogastroidea, Ashm., n. g.

(Type S. apicalis, Say.)

Clypeus truncate. c? Siobla, Cameron.

(Type S. mooreana, Cam.)

8. Claws bifid or cleft.

Clypeus small, truncate or at the most sub-emarginate anteriorly.

9 Siobla, Cameron.

Claws simple or with a minute tooth at base ; clypeus distinctly
emarginate ; head with the frontal area well developed, enclosing
the front ocellus ; third antennal joint longer than
the fourth. $ Stromboceras, Konow.

9. Hind wings with two discal cells 11.

Hind wings without a discal cell 10,

10. Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, usually briefly

petiolated.

Marginal cell in hind wings at apex subacute, with a short
appendage, the recurrent nervure originating far before the
transverse median nervure ; claws cleft or with a long tooth

at base Aphilodyctium, Ashm., n, g.

(Type S. rubripes.)

Marginal cell in hind wings at apex rounded, without an
appendage, the recurrent nervure originating just before the
transverse median nervure ; claws with a triangular median
or basal tooth Taxonus, Hartig.

1 1. Wings elongate, narrowed ; hind tibiae very long, nearly twice the

length of their femora ; anal cell in hind wings shorter than the
submedian : claws bifid ; clypeus triangularly emarginate

anteriorly Rhoptroceros, Konow.

Wings normal ; hind tibiae not nearly twice as long as their femora ;
anal cell in hind wings fully as long as the submedian.

Transverse nervure in anal cell straight, perpendicular ; claws
with a median tooth ; head coarsely punctate, opaque, without
a frontal area ; clypeus triangularly emarginate ; third and
fourth antennal joints equal. . Polystichophagus, Ashm., n. g.

(Type S. filicis, Klug.)

Transverse nervure in anal cell oblique ; claws cleft or simple.

Clypeus semicircularly emarginated ; frontal area poorly

THE CANADIA.N ENTOMOLOGIST. oil

defined ; third antenn;il joint longer than the fourth ;

claws cleft Hypotaxonus, Ashm., n. g.

(Type T. pallipes, Say.)
Clypeus truncate anteriorly or at most sub-emarginated ;
frontal area distinct, enclosing the front ocellus ; third
antennal joint not longer than the fourth ; claws

simple Hemitaxonus, Ashm., n. g.

(Type T. dubitatus, Nort.)

12. Hind wings without a discal cell 14.

Hind wings with one discal cell 13.

Hind wings with two discal cells ; anal cell in hind wings a little

shorter than the submedian, briefly petiolated..Heptamelus,Haliday.

( Ctenoneura, Thorns.)

13. Anal cell in hind wings a little shorter than the submedian, briefly

petiolated ; claws cleft or bifid.

Abdomen depressed, ovate ; first submarginal cell much longer
than the second ; antenna long, the flagellum sub-
compressed Harpiphorus, Hartig.

Abdomen more or less compressed, strongly constricted
beyond the base ; first submarginal cell not or scarcely longer
than the second ; antennae short, slender, thickened beyond
the middle Emphytoides, Konow.

14. Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the median ; clypeus anteriorly

sub-emarginated ; claws with a small tooth at base , Emphytus, Klug.

Subfamily IV. — Tenthredinin.b.

This subfamily is probably the most extensive one in the family,
there being several hundred species already described, the majority of
which are found in the Palearctic and Neotropical regions. The sub-
family is easily recognized by the lanceolate cell in the front wings, which
is either contracted before the middle and closed, or divided into two
parts by a straight or an oblique nervure.

Two of the described genera, \\z.,Farabia, Somenow. and Cocosytidia,
Kirby (- Pampholyx, Freyniuth), I have been unable to place in my
tables, not being able to obtain specimens, nor to consult the descriptions.

Pampholyx, Freymuth, was changed to Cocosytidia by Kirby on
account of the former name being preoccupied ; but he gives no descrip-
tion of it, merely stating that it is the only wingless sawfly known. I have

312 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

been unable to obtain a copy of the work, in which it was described, in
any of the libraries of Washington and Philadelphia.

The numerous genera belonging to the group may be tabulated as
follows :

Table of Genera.

Lanceolate cell with an oblique or straight cross- nervure usually situated

a little before the middle . 5.

Lanceolate cell contracted and closed a little before the middle.

Hind wings without a discal cell 4.

Hind wings with one discal cell 3.

Hind wings with two discal cells.

Malar space wanting or scarcely apparent, the hind coxae much

elongated 2.

Malar space distinct, the hind coxte normal.
Contraction of lanceolate cell very short.

Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian.

Marginal cell normal. $ . ... Perineura, Hartig.

( = Synairema, Hartig.)

Marginal cell with two transverse radial nervures.

5 . (An anomalous form of Perineura, named

Bivefia, MacGillivray.*)

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian.

Head and thorax opaque, cribrately punctate ;

antenna? short Sciopteryx, Stephens.

(? = Zermakia, Jakow.)
Head and thorax smooth, shining, at the most
, sparsely punctate ; antennte not

short Rhogogastera, Konow.

Contraction of lanceolate cell long; anal cell shorter than
the submedian ; clypeus semicircularly emarginated ;
claws cleft Pachyprotasis, Hartig.

2. Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the sub-

median Macrophya, Dahlbom.

3. Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex, the anal cell a little

shorter than the submedian. ^ Tenthredopsis, Costa.

'■Mr. MacGillivray has kindly sent me the type of Bivena for study, and I find it
to be an anomalous form of Perineura ainericana, Provancher. It also bears a super-
ficial resemblance to P. drlta, Prov. , but the anal cell in the latter is not contracted, but
has a cro^s-ner't'iirc.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ol3

4. Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex. <^ ..Perineura, Hartig.

5. Malar space wanting or very narrow, linear, always shorter than the

pedicel «. 6.

Malar space distinct, as long or longer than the pedicel or second
joint of antennte 10.

6. Lanceolate cell with an oblique cross-nervure 9.

Lanceolate cell with a short, straight or perpendicular cross-nervure.

Hind wings without a discal cell 8.

Hind wings with one discal cell -j.

Hind wings with two discal cells.

Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian.

9 Tenthredopsis, Costa.

Anal cell in hind wings a little shorter than the submedian.
Head and thorax cribrately punctate ; antennae short,

not tapering at tips. 9 Sciopteryx, Stephens,

Head and thorax smooth, shining, at the most sparsely
punctate; antennje not short, tapering toward tips.
S Rhogogastera, Konow.

7. Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex, the anal cell a little

shorter than the submedian. (^ Tenthredopsis, Costa.

Hind wings without a surrounding cell at apex, the anal cell a little
shorter than the submedian. ^ Amestasteiga, Costa.

8. Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex, the anal cell as long

as the submedian. ^ .
Hind wings without a surrounding nervure at apex.

Anal cell as long as the submedian. ^^ ...Homwoneura, Ashm.,n.g.

(Type P. delta, Prov.)
Anal cell shorter than the submedian. $ ..Rhogogastera, Konow.

9. Hind wings with two discal cells, the anal cell shorter than the sub-

median Pachyprotasis, Hartig.

Hind wings with one discal cell, the anal cell as long as the sub-
median Beleses, Cameron.

10. Hind wings with two discal cells 11.

Hind wings with one discal cell 14.

Hind wings without a discal cell 15.

11. ^Vings not narrowed, the transverse radius not or rarely strongly

curved 12.

oU THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Wings narrowed, the transverse radius strongly curved ; lanceolate
cell long and narrow, with a short cross-nervure ; anal cell in hind
wings as long as the submedian ; head quadrate ; antennae long
and slenoer, the third joint a little shorter than the fourth, the
following gradually shortening, the second with a small tooth
within at apex Dipteromorpha, Kirby.

1 2. Hind coxae normal, the femora not or rarely extending to the tip of

the abdomen 13.

Hind coxfe much lengthened, so that the femora extend to or beyond
the tip of the abdomen ; lanceolate cell with a short straight
nervure (or shortly contracted) ; anal cell in hind wings shorter

than the submedian Macrophya, Dahlb.

( = Emilia, Costa.)

13. Frons on each side above the antennje elevated into more or less

distinct ridges and with deep furrows on either side ; antennae 9-
jointed, filiform, slender toward tips, the third joint never longer
than joints 4-5 united ; anal cell as long as the sub-
median Tenthredo, Linne.

Frons on each side above the antenna truncate, or feebly emarginate
and without or with only a feeble furrow between the antennae ;
antennae usually more or less thickened before apex.

Antennse 8-jointed Labidia, Prov.

Antennae 9-jointed.

Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian.

Clypeus subemarginate ; antennpe long, slender, taper-
ing off at tips, the third joint much longer than
fourth, but shorter than 4-5 united.

5 Tenthredopsis, Costa.

(? =^ Parastatus, Kirby.)
Clypeus deeply semicircularly emarginate ; antenna;
not long, subclavate, or somewhat thickened towards
apex, the third joint long, longer than 4-5

united Allanthus, Jurine.

Clypeus truncate ; antennae not long.

$ Laurentia, Costa.

Anal cell in hind wings as long or a little longer than the
submedian ; claws cleft,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315

Scutellum normal or only slightly elevated ; transverse
median nervure straight perpendicular and placed
before the middle of the anal cell.

Head small, much narrower than the thorax ;
clypeus at apex truncate or rounded ; antennse
mucli shorter than the abdomen, incrassated

towards apex Colochelyna, Konow.

Scutellum conically elevated ; transverse median
nervure oblique and placed beyond the middle of
the anal cell ; clypeus deeply emar-
ginated Conaspidia, Konow.

14. Hind wings without a surrounding nervure at apex.

Lanceolate cell with an oblique cross-nervure ; third joint of

antennae longer than joints 4-5 united. . Aglaostigma, Kirby.

Lanceolate cell with a straight cross-nervure ; anal cell in hind

wings fully as long or a little longer than the submedian ;

clypeus truncate, ? Homoeoneura, Ashm.

(Type P. delta, Pro v.)

Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex ; lanceolate cell with

a straight cross-nervure ; anal cell in hind wings a little shorter

than the submedian. $ Tenthredopsis, Costa.

15. Hind tarsi not longer than their tibiae ; hind wings with a surrounding

nervure at apex : anal cell as long as the submedian ; clypeus
truncate. $ Homoeoneura, Ashm.

Family XV. — Cimbicid^.
The 5- to 8-jointed, clavate antennce, in both sexes, and the acutely
margined abdomen readily distinguish this family from all the other
families of sawflies. It may be separated into two subfamilies as follows :

Table of Subfamilies.

Lanceolate cell with a transverse nervure Subfamily I., Cimbicinse.

Lanceolate cell contracted at the middle Subfamily II., Abiinje.

Subfamily L — CiMBicm.t.
This subfamily contains rather large, robust sawflies, with rather
stout or more or less swollen hind femora, which are often toothed
beneath, and always have the lanceolate cell in the front wings divided
into two parts by a transverse nervure. Their larvae are external feeders
and are scarcely distinguishable from the Tenthreiiinidie.

316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Table of Genera.

First dorsal abdominal segment posteriorly deeply emarginate, and filled

with a chitinous membrane ; hind femora not toothed . . Cimbex, Oliver.

First dorsal abdominal segment posteriorly not or scarcely emarginate

and without a membrane ; hind femora more or less distinctly toothed.

Antennae 8-jointed, with five joints before the indistinctly jointed

club Trichiosoma, Leach.

Antennae 7-jointed, with four joints before the indistinctly jointed
club Clavellaria, Leach.

Subfamily IL — Abiin/«.

The species included in this subfamily resemble those of the former
in shape and general appearance, but as a rule are much smaller, more or
less metallic, and may be easily separated from them by the diffetence
in the lanceolate cell, which is always longly contracted at or a little
before the middle. Five genera have been recognized, separated as
follows :

Table of Genera.

First submarginal cell not receiving both recurrent nervures 2.

First submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures; antennae 7-
jointed (the seventh joint sometimes showing an indistinct suture), the
third joint long, bent, club 3-jointed Abia, Leach.

2. First and second submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent

nervure 3.

First submarginal cell receiving only one recurrent nervure, the
second recurrent interstitial with the second transverse cubitus.

Antennae 7-jointed, the club 2-jointed Praia, Andre.

Antennae 6-jointed, the club unjointed Plagiocera, Klug.

3. Stigma normal ; fourth joint of antennae about half the length of the

third Amasis, Leach.

Stigma abnormally large, and produced outwardly beyond the costal
margin ; fourth joint of antennae two-thirds the length of the
third Pachylosticta, Klug,

PERSONAL.

We wish to offer our very hearty congratulations to the Rev. T. W.
Fyles on his receiving the degree of D. C. L. honoris causa from the
University of Bishops' College, Lennoxville, P. Q., at a recent convo-
cation. The ability and scientific work of the reverend Doctor well
entitle him to this distinction.

Carl F. Baker has left Auburn, Ala., on a two years' leave of
absence. He goes as Field Botanist to the Herbert H. Smith Exploring
Expedition, which will be engaged in biological work in North-western
South America. All letters, etc., for him should be addressed to St.
Croix Falls, Polk Co., Wisconsin,

THE CAXA.DIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 317

NOTES ON COCCID-^. WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES.

BY J. D. TINSI.EY, NEW MEXICO EXPERIMENT STATION,
MESILLA PARK, N. M.

ErIOCOCCUS llNSI.K.YI, Ckll.

Adult o. Length, 1.3 mm.; expanse of wings, 2.5 mm.;
colour, head and abdomen purplish-gray ; mesothorax light ochreous,
some specimens show a white longitudinal streak on the abdo-
men. Legs and antenna? concolorous with body. Antenmv 10-
jointed. Joint 2 is bottle shaped, proximal end smallest, 70 jj. long,
practically identical with second joint of Fhenacoccus solenopsis. Tins.,
except that E. Tinsleyi has a number of stout blunt spines interspersed
with the bristles ; joint 3 cylindrical, considerably longer than any of
the others (130 ji long), only differing from P. sole7iopsis in having the
stout blunt spines ; joint 4 often shorter than 5, but sometimes longer,
76-85 /v ; joint 5, 81-87 I'- long; joint 6 usually next, longer than
2, 68-78 \i long: joint 7 shorter than 2, 68 /x long; joint 10 usually
next, 65 /t ; next 8, 56 \i\ shortest 9, 50 /a. Joint 10 is flask shaped,
tapering distally. All the segments bear the stout blunt spines,
interspersed with rather stout bristles. Formula 3, 5, 4, 6, 2, 7, 10, 8, 9.

Legs rather slender; femur tapering proximally, i8c /'. long, with
some medium sized bristles ; tibia quite slender, tapering very slightly
proximally, 250 ]i. long, quite bristly, with the stout blunt spines inter-
spersed ; tarsus bristly and with the stout blunt spines, 90 //. long,
bearing a pair of short stout digitules which are very slightly dilated at
the end ; claw rather slender, 20 //. long.

The usual pair of long slender white caudal filaments. Male sac
creamy white, about 2 mm. long and .75 mm. wide, elliptical, inclining
to cylindrical.

Plab. — On roots and portions of stems lying on the ground, of
Atriplex canescens. A. and M. College campus, Mesilla Park, N. M.;
Aug. 4, 1898; coll. J. I). Tinsley.

Eriococcus Tinsleyi, Ckll.

9 • Having recently studied this species somewhat in detail, I
wish to add the following facts to Prof. Cockerell's description in
Canadian Entomolocisi., Vol. XXX., No. 9, p. 247. The antenn;e

318

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

(Fig. 20) in this species are quite variable both in regard to the relative
length and actual size of the segments. I have observed the following

437256
formulie : 3 4 2 7 6 5. While in many cases the tarsus is longer than

432765
the tibia (Ckll., loc. cit.), yet they are often subequal. The full-grown
young females appear much more spiny than the old females.

Some time since I received specimens on Malvastriim coccineum,
collected by Mr. E. Bethel, at Denver, Colo.,
which I at the time thought to be a distinct
species, and from those specimens prepared the
accompanying figure. I now consider them to
be this species.

Prof. Cockerell has, in Aug., 1898, collected
specimens on the leaves of Atriplex canescens,
growing on the campus of the A. and M. College
of N. M., which I also refer to this species.

The Colorado specimens are fairly constant
p\ "^ VZl I <i '" their antennal formulte of 4 3 2 7 5 6.

The specimens on the leaves of Atriplex are

347256

ite variable in their formula: ^.i^: ^■^ /^' ' \

' ^ 3 (4 7) 2 5 6

3 4(7 2) 5 6
Their legs and antennae are stouter than in the type form, and they have
more hairs between the bases of the antenn:e and legs.

Dactylopius Kincii, Ckll., var. Neo-Mexicana, n. var.

During the past summer I collected this insect on the roots of
Gutierrezia sarothrce in the Organ Mts., N. M., at an altitude of about
5,000 feet. They were, in all cases, attended by ants.

Adult $ . Length, 2 mm.; width about i mm. Shape, ellipsoidal,
rather plump. Colour yellowish. Nearly naked ; no lateral or caudal
filaments ; dorsum sparsely mealy. The antennae are 8-jointed, and
with the formula of Kingii, 81235764, the fourth joint, while shortest, is
relatively longer than it usually is in Kingii. Hairs on the segments about
the same as in Kingii, perhaps a little smaller. The whole antenna
is a little smaller than is usual in Kingii. Legs are rather smaller than
in Kingii; femur 130 /t long; tibia, 140 ji long; tarsus, 75 /< long;

3y/^

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319

claw, 25 //. long. Hairs and digitules nearly as in Kingii. The most
marked difference is in the ovisac. Kingii secretes a loose, Ihiffy,
shapeless ovisac, while this var. secretes a compact, elliptical ovisac,
very little larger than liie female, in which the female lies partially
embedded. The ovisac resembles that of an eriococcus very much.

Phenacoccus solexopsis, Tinsley.

Adult ^ . Length, 1 mm.

Colour white, head tinged with gray, eyes red, mesothorax yellowish,
legs light yellowish brown. Antennae lo-jointed ; joint i short and
stout, 35 //, ; joint 2 bottle shaped, proximal end smallest, 70 // long ;
joint 3 is considerably longer than any of the others, being 1 20 /x
long ; joint 5 next, being 90 //. ; 6 next, 85 \>. ; the remaining joints
are variable in relative length. Formulae of the antenna; of one

individual:3 45(6 9)io7 28i
3 4 5 (6 8) (7 9) 10 2 I

All the segments are quite bristly. Legs rather slender. Femur
250 /x long, bearing a {^^ bristles ; tibia 265 /x long, bearing numerous
stout bristles ; tarsus 95 /'. long, bearing numerous stout bristles ; claw
31 /x long, rather slender. Tarsal digitules long and slender; claw
without digitules. The usual caudal filaments.

Hab. — On roots of Atriplex canescens ; Aug. 4, 1898 ; coll. J. D.
Tinsley.

DaCTYLOPIUS AZALEiE, n. sp.

Adult 9 . About 3 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide.

Flattened ellipsoidal, rather pointed at the ends. Colour of dried
specimen, purplish-gray secretion, white, granular, practically hiding the
true colour of the body. Lateral filaments very short on the thorax,
increasing in length toward the anal extremity. Caudal filaments not
conspicuously longer than those of posterior segments of the abdomen.
The lateral and caudal filaments are just easily seen with the naked eye.
Epidermis with numerous spinnerets. Dorsum with scattered, rather
large, hairs. Ventrally the hairs are quite large and rather numerous,
especially on the posterior segments. Largest hairs on posterior
segments are 60 //. long. Sides with rows of spinneret spine areas.

Antennae colour reddish, S-jointed ; medium size, all the joints have
quite long hairs. The joints are rather variable in their relative lengths ;

P.20

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I and 2 are often subequal, although in many cases 2 is appreciably
longer, and 3 may be longer than i ; 5 is most usually longer than 7 ; 4
and 6 are shortest, sometimes one and sometimes the other. Two of
the most common formulae are
8(12)35746 and S2315764. (See
figure 21.) Legs reddish, medium
size. Femur, 215 //. long, 85 //. wide,
with long, rather slender hairs.

Tibia 215 /j. long, with long,
rather slender hairs ; tarsus 112 /a
long ; claw 33 //. long ; digitules of
tarsus 40 fj- long, knobbed ; digitules
of claw long, slender, knobbed.

Anal lobes bearing one large
long hair (250 // long), and one Fig. 21.

smaller hair. The usual group of spinnerets and spines,
quite stout.

Anal ring with the usual 6 hairs, which are quite large (140 /x long).

Boiled in potash the insects turn a very dark bluish green, almost
black ; if they are now treated with acid they turn red. The colouring
matter contained in this insect has been found in but few other Coccids ;
most Coccids turning a red, of some shade, when treated with potash.

Ovisac loose and fluffy, white, not covering the female, but contain-
ing the eggs, which are purplish.

Hab. — On Azalea in Japanese nursery, San Jose', Cal. Collected by
Mr. Edward M. Ehrhorn ; Sept., 1898.

Remarks. — ^This species is very closely allied to D. pandani, Ckll.,
especially in the characters of the antennae, anal lobes and ring, and the
hairs on the epidermis. It differs, however, in colour, secretion on
margin, and colour in potash. Being found in a Japanese nursery, it is
almost impossible to say from whence it came, but it may possibly be
Japanese.

The spines

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 321

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NOCTUIDS.

BY JOHN B. SMITH, RUTGERS COLLEGE, N. J.

Eutolype ^randis, n. sp.

Ground colour an even, smooth, bluish-gray, washed with smoky
brown. Head with a little admixture of brownish in front. Collar with
a small central brown spot. Patagiae margined with brown. Basal tuft
of thorax with an admixture of black scales. Primaries with all the
ordinary markings obscured, the most evident feature being a broad light
gray band at inner third, outwardly margined by a brownish shade, which
is the darkest part of the wing. The basal space is uniformly smoky gray
to the t. a. line, which is narrow, geminate, even, a little incurred between
the subcostal and submedian veins. The included space is light gray,
and the light gray shade extends to tlie rigid median shade, including the
orbicular. T. p. line narrow, geminate, denticulate, widely bent over the
cell, then with a deep incurve beneath, narrowing the median shade at
the inner margin. The entire median space beyond the gray band has a
warm brown tint in which the large reniform is obscurely visible as a dull,
lead-coloured blotch, outlined by paler gray scales. Beyond the t. p. line
the wing is of the same dull gray as at base, interrupted by the diffuse,
somewhat irregular s. t. line. There is a dusky line at the base of the
fringes, which are alternately black and white marked at their tips.
Secondaries smoky brown, much paler at base, and with a darker line at
the base of the fringes. Beneath, primaries smoky blackish, powdered
with bluish-gray scales in the terminal space. Secondaries grayish-white,
powdery, with a blackish outer line and discal spot.

Expanse 1.70 inches = 42 mm.

Habitat. — Kansas City, Mo., March 28; F. J, Hall. Massachusetts.

The type is a fine male received from Mr. Hall, who has others, I
believe. The antenme are yellow and lengthily pectinated. This is the
largest species thus far known of the genus, and recognizable also by
the peculiar banding of the fore wing, which is unique thus far. The
Massachusetts specimen is in the Strecker collection, and has been in his
hands for several years.
Hadenella Icevigata, n. sp.

Ground colour brown witli a reddish tinge, the pale shades gray.
Head dark, without special markings, except that there may be a paler
line between the antenna-. Collar with a darker, sometimes black, line
above the middle. The base and tip with gray scales. 'IMiorax without

322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

distinct maculation. Primaries with all the markings fairly evident. As
a whole, the wing is darker from the base to a little beyond the middle ;
then a variably distinct pale gray or even whitish shading extends to the
s. t. line, the terminal spaces being again dark. There is a variable
amount of red in the dark colouring of the wing, and sometimes the
median space is quite distinctly reddish. Basal line geminate, blftck, not
very well defined. T. a. line geminate, black, the included space marked
by white scales, as a whole forming a rather even outcurve and only a
little irregular between the veins. The extreme base may be a little
lighter than the rest of the basal space. T. p. line geminate* brown,
usually not very distinct for the upper portion of its course, because it
passes through the pale space already described. It makes a wide out-
curve over the reniform and a correspondingly deep incurve under the
cell. The s. t. line is distinct, emphasized by the difference iti shade
between the dark terminal and the paler preceding space ; and it is also
emphasized by a dusky shading which precedes it, and thus shows that it
has three rather even and equal outcurves. There is a black terminal line,
followed by a yellowish line at the base of the dull brown fringes ; the
outer margin just a little irregular. There is a trace of a median shade on
the costa extending between the ordinary spots to the median veiii ; but
not traceable below that point. The claviform is moderate in size, extends
half way across the median space, is outlined by black scales, filled with
the ground colour of the wing and followed by a reddish blotch. Or-
bicular moderate in size, a little oblique, outlined by black scales and
hardly paler than the rest of the wing. Reniform large, broad, hardly
kidney-shaped, and yet less indented inwardly than at the outer side ;
usually of the palest colour of the wing. The veins through the pale
part of the wing are usually marked by blackish scales. .Secondaries an
even smoky gray ; fringes a little paler and with a yellowish line at the
base. Beneath, powdery gray ; the secondaries with a more or less
obvious discal dot and powdery outer line. In some specimens the
primaries also show a trace of this line, and in others neither of the
wings have any markings whatever.

Expanse i to 1.12 inches = 25 to 28 mm.

//al?ifaf.—G\en\vood Springs, Colorado, in August ; Dr. Barnes.
Garfield County, Colorado ; Mr. Bruce.

I have eight specimens under examination and have seen others,
most of them females. The latter are as a whole larger, the markings

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 323

more sharply defined, witli more contrast and more red. The males are
much less contrasting, but otherwise do not differ preceptibly. No two
specimens are quite alike ; but in a general way we have a reddish shade
through the middle of the wings, a pale gray shade to the s. t. line, and
the s. t. line itself is rather well marked by the three subequjl outcurves.
The species reminds one of Bryophila ; but the vestiture is rougher, and
there is a series of small dorsal tufts on the abdomen.

Hadenella siibjuncta^ n. sp.

Ground colour ashen gray, varying in colour and in depth ; some-
times with a very strong admixture of brown or reddish. Head usually
darker, in pale specimens sometimes with a dark band below the
antennae. Collar with a blackish line in the middle. Primaries with all
the markings traceable in most of the specimens ; in some very dark
forms considerably obscured. Basal line geminate, black, usually marked
on the costa only. The basal space is usually powdered or light in colour
superiorly, while along the inner margin there is a blackish or black shade
below the submedian vein. T. a. line geminate, black, with a rather even
outcurve. The included space paler, sometimes marked with white scales.
The t. p. line geminate, blackish in some cases, brown in others ; the
included space usually white, strongly bent over the reniform and deeply
incurved below. The s. t. space is usually paler, more or less white
powdered to the whitish s. t. line. This has two large and one smaller
outcurve, and is defined by the dark ordinary space and a dusky pre-
ceding shade. The veins are marked with blackish through the paler
portion of the wing. There is a series of black terminal lunules, beyond
which there is a pale line at the base of the fringes ; the latter are
rather pale, but cut with smoky opposite the interspaces. A median
shade is marked on the costa and extends beyond the reniform, where it
becomes lost in some specimens ; but in others reappers close to the t. p.
line in the inferior portion of the wing. There is a dusky blotch which cuts
the s. t. line in the submedian interspace. The claviform is moderate in
size, of the ground colour, extends less than half way across the median
space, but is continued by a black streak or bar to the t. p. line. Above
this black bar there is a reddish shade, which varies as the examples are
dark or light in colour. The orbicular is oval, oblique, somewhat
irregular, usually paler than its setting. The reniform is kidney-shaped,
of good size, a little oblique, usually white marked ; but variable,
according to the ground colour of the wing. Secondaries dull, smoky

324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

fuscous ; fringes with a pale line at the base. Beneath, gray powdered.
Secondaries usually with a darker discal spot. None of the exanriples
that I have seen had any maculation on the primaries.

Expanse .80 to i inch = 20 to 25 mm.

Habitat., — Glenwood Springs, Colo., Aug. ; Dr. Barnes. Garfield
County, Colo., 6,000 feet; Bruce. Calgary, Canada, July 9th, i6th, 19th
and 27th ; Mr. Dod.

Thirteen specimens are under examination and others are in collec-
tions. This is an ally of IcBvigata, with the same type of maculation ; but
considerably smaller in size. It is as variable in colour as the other
species ; but in this case the females are the darker and smaller as a
whole, while the males are brighter and have the contrast much better
marked. In all the specimens the black line connecting the ordinary
median lines is well marked. In all specimens the dorsal tuftings, par-
ticularly in the male, are obvious.

Lathosea ursina, n. sp.

Ground colour a very pale whitish-gray, the maculation black or
smoky brown. Head and thorax without markings ; the vestiture very
long, hairy, loose, and a little mixed with brown and gray, so as to give a
somewhat powdery appearance. The sides of the palpi are blackish.
Primaries with all the transverse markings obliterated. The most
obvious ornamentation is a series of black dashes in the interspaces
beginning between veins one and two and extending to just below the
apex ; in all five of these blotches arranged in an oblique series. A
brown shade extends through the cell and the median vein is bordered
on both sides with blackish. A black basal dash extends a short distance
through the submedian interspace, and another black dash marks the
internal angle. Vein one is also usually black marked. A brownish
shading occupies most of the centre of the wing, leaving the costal
and terminal spaces a little paler, though the white powdering sometimes
extends also along the internal margin. The ordinary spots are vague,
pale, without defining lines : the orbicular transversely oval ; the reniform
an indefinite small lunule. The veins are more or less powdered with
black. Secondaries smoky gray, with a more or less well-defined discal
lunule, which is rather a reflection of what is found on the under side.
Beneath whitish, powdered with gray, the veins darker marked. The
secondaries with a fairly well defined discal lunule in most specimens.

ICxpanse 1.40 to 1.60 inches = 35 to 40 mm.

TitE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 325

Habitat. — Glenwood Springs, Colo., March 27th to April 13th; Dr.
Barnes. Garfield County, Colo., 6,000 feet ; Mr. Bruce.

Twelve specimens are under examination, only one of which is a
female. Judging from tliis single example, there is no difference between
the sexes, except possibly in size, because the female is next to the
smallest specimen in the series ; but this may be an accidental occur-
rence. As compared with pullata this is a smaller species, not nearly so
dark, and distinct by the oblique series of black marks in the interspaces.
Pleroma bonuscula, n. sp.

Ground colour a very dark, powdery blue-gray. Head without per-
ceptible markings ; the antennas whitish anteriorly. Collar with the basal
half whitish-gray, relieving a narrow black transverse line. T!ie disc and
patagia; have no special markings. The primaries are as a whole a little
paler in the costal region. The transverse maculation is much obscured
and hardly traceable, except on the costa. T. a. line single, blackish,
preceded by white scales. It is oblique to the median vein, then forms
an incurve, with another tooth on the submedian vein, which meets the
t. p. line at the same point. The t. p. line is geminate, blackish, the
included space marked with whitish scales. It is very slender, and as a
whole very evenly oblique inwardly, reaching the inner margin at the
same point with the t. a. line. There is a traceable median shade which
parallels the t. p. line just within its course. S. t. line whitish, broken,
consisting rather of a series of spots which do not extend quite to the
apex, preceded by blackish spots and shades and sending in opposite
the anal angle a white tooth which extends to the t. p. line. The
terminal space is dusky. The ordinary spots are very feebly marked :
the orbicular not traceable in the specimens before me ; the reniform an
irregular, small, upright mark. Secondaries smoky brown, without
obvious markings, except a vague discal lunule. Beneath pale brown,
powdery. Secondaries with a distinct discal spot, and primaries with an
indication of such a spot, which may become better marked in some
cases than in the examples before me.

Expanse 1.20 inches = 30 mm.

Habitat. — Glenwood Springs, Colo., in March ; Dr. Barnes.

Three male specimens are under examination and they agree closely ;
none of them are quite perfect, and were taken at the electric lights. As
compared with obliquata this is a smaller species and much more obscure
in general appearance. The type of marking is the same ; but in the

326 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

new species the s. t. line is a much more distinctive feature, particularly
in the tooth which it sends to the t. p. line in the submedian interspace.
There is another undescribed species from California belonging to
this genus ; but the material is at present insufficient to enable me to
characterize it properly. I call attention to this fact at present because
the female type of ob/i(/uata is from California and is not the same
species as the male examples which I marked type from Colorado. In
other words, what I considered at the time that I described obliqiiata to
be sexual differences are really specific. I have since seen male examples
from California that agree with my female type, but have no male myself
to authorize a description.

THE COCCri) GENUS SPH.EROCOCCUS IN MASSACHUSETTS.

BV T. I). A. COCKERELL AND GEO. P.. KING.

Sphctrococcus syhestris, n. sp.

Much like an Eriococcus in shape, 23^ millim. long, xy^n wide, dark
dirty brown, with a little white cottony down at its anal end, and on the
mid-dorsal line a distinct longitudinal nearly white baud. (King.)

9 . — Boiled and mounted in balsam, broad oval, 2 millim. long,
transpa:rent, without legs. Antennre pale brownish, thick, subconical but
very blunt at end, about 100 \>. long, five-segmented ; of the segments, 3
is longest, and about as broad as long ; 5 next longest, slightly longer
than broad ; the others more than twice as broad as long, very short, 4
the shortest ; 5 with a few bristles at tip. Mouth-parts yellowish-brown,
very large and well-developed, about 200 /x wide. Anal ring hairless ;
caudal tubercles quite absent, their place represented by a few hairs. A
few circular dermal glands in the caudal region. Two large stout spines,
and a few small ones, on each side of the body. Spiracles as usual in
the genus. (Ckll., from King's Mount.) .

Hab. — Methuen, Mass., June 15, 1898, on white oak. (King.)

This is a most interesting discovery in every way, no Sphce.ro coccus
being hitherto reported from America. Whether the present insect is
strictly congeneric with Maskell's type of Sp/icerococcus from Australia,
must remain uncertain until the newly-hatched larva is found ; but there
is nothing in the adult $ on which to make a generic separation. At all
events, our insect is surely congeneric with Sphcerococctcs parvus^ Maskell,
found on cherry, and possibly on oak, in Japan.

S. sylvestris will be readily known from parvus by its better
developed antennae.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 327

CORRECTIONS.

The Rev. Dr. Fyles writes that the title of his paper on page 294
(November, 1898), " Taeniocampa aha, Gn., at Quebec," is incorrect, and
should read, " Tieniocampa siibterminaia., Smith, at Quebec.''

Prof. A. R. Grote, Hildesheim, Germany, writes : " On page 257, I
find my name Melanomma auricinctaria changed to jW. auricinctarium.
I protest against this alteration in my original spelling. In all cases the
gender implied originally by the author should be conformed to sub-
sequently If I conceive of Melanomma auricinctaria as a golden-
ringed, black-eyed woman, there is none competent to contradict me and
insist that I should conceive of it as a golden-ringed, black-eyed stone ! "
" I refer to Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. IV., 674, 1878, for my opinion
as to the position of auricinctaria. I have not since examined the
insect, which, I agree with Dr. Dyar, is not a Geometrid. It may be a
pyralidiform Noctuid, allied to Boletobia fu/ii^inaria, which I only know
from figures.

" I also wish to correct the corrupt spelling of two species of Plusia,
which has been lately used. It is Plusia cercoides, not ceroides ; also, it is
P. pasiphceia, v\ot pasip/icea.'

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

Sir,— I desire on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario,
to acknowledge the receipt of three species of Noctuides, new to the
Society's collection, from Mr. C. E. Grant, of Orillia, Ont. :

Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis, Grote.

Carneades pleuritica, Grote.

Mamestra vicina, Grote.

Also, a pair of fine, fresh Euprepia Caja, Linn., and three Catocala
Antinympka, Hub., which, he said, came last season in profusion to a
light in his window.

Also, bred specimens of the following species of Jlydrcccia, from
Mr, H. Bird, Rye, N. Y. : A pair each of H. putpuri/ascia, G. and R. ;
H. rutila, Guen. ; H. tiitela, var. nebris, Guen. ; and a single specimen of
If. necopina, Grote.

The delightful fresh bloom upon these specimens, in contrast to
those that are taken by capture, is (juite surprising, and has to be seen to
be fully realized. J. Alston Moffat, Curator.

328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BOOK NOTICE.

Handbook of Insects Injurious to Orchard and Bush Fruit. —
By Eleanor A. Ormerod. Simpkin, Marshall & Co.: London, Sept.,
1898. 8vo., 286 pp.

The excellent work which has been done for economic entomology
by Miss Ormerod, particularly in England, but also in many other parts
of the world, is well known to everyone. Her valuable annual reports
are eagerly looked for every year by all interested in the practical appli-
cation of the study of insects for the prevention of their injuries to crops.
We have just received from this talented authoress another evidence of
her unselfish labours for the good of her countrymen. The above named
volume is in reality a compendium of the original observations made
during the last twenty-one years by Miss Ormerod and her correspond-
ents, together with the latest results and the most approved remedies
for the various pests of large and small fruits.

As in all former publications bearing Miss Ormerod's name, the
arrangement of the subjects for convenience of reference, the presswork
and the general get-up of the volume bear the stamp of a most careful and
tasteful master hand. The different fruit crops treated of are : Apple,
cherry, currant, gooseberry, medlar, nut, pear, plum, quince, raspberry,
and strawberry. At the end is a list of the fruit crops infested by insects,
with the names of the insect infestations ; the subjects are arranged
alphabetically ; and after the name of each tree or crop mentioned in the
work the names of each of the infestations to which it is liable in England
are classified under subordinate headings as Bark, Blossoms, Fruit,
Leaves, Shoots, Wood, according to the nature of the attack. The
insects are given with their scientific and popular names, and so far as
possible are arranged together as to kinds, as Aphides, Beetles, Moths,
etc., with the number of the page of the detailed observation in the
volume. In four instances where the pests are causes of much mischief
to several kinds of crops, the infestation appears under its own name.
These exceptions are : Earwig, Red Spider, Root-knot Eelworm, and
Wasps.

Particular mention must be made of the excellence of the illustra-
tions, which seem to be perfect types of what such illustrations should be
in works on insects for the use of practical fruit-growers.

J. Fletcher.

Mailed December 131I1, 189S.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXX.

Aberration of \'anessa antiopa, 49.
Acaiilhoptenos, n. S^"-' 212.
Acanthosinus ohsoletus, 38.
Acknowletlgnient, 327.
Acridiida', some Indiana, 54.

" " Ontario, 122, 258.

Adiiioiitia liyloslonti,., n. sp. , 233.
polita, n. sp., 234.
'■ /arsalis, n. sp. , 234.
" unispiiiosa, n. sp. , 234.
.I'lgialites Stejiiei^eri, n. sp. 74.
.Ktliyitera litnata, n. sp. , 192.
Alberta butterflies, notes on, 298.
Aids lallata, n. sp., 193.

" iiiiislosa, n. s]i. , 193.
Aleurodes, new, on oak, 264.

" ,i;t'/u///!os/ts. n. sji. , 2O4.

Aml)rosia beetle, liistoiy and halnts of. 21.
Anasa armigera. 239.
" tristis, 17, 239.
Andrena bipunctata, 104.
" casadii', 26S
Cressonii, 104.
Duiniiiii;i, n. sp., 103.
limbriata, 104.
l-'orbesii, 104.
'• IlaUii, n. sp., 26S.
Kincaidii, 269.
Maria.', 268.
perarmata, 269.
pruiii/lon's. n. sp., 147.
rhodura, 268.
sii/>aiislralis, n, sp. 146.
vicina. 104.
Ant's-nest Coccid from New Mexico, 47.
Aphilanthops Bakeri, 269.
Aphilodydiitin, n. gen., 310.
Aphis gossypii, 19.
Aphyais Howa?di, n. sp., 276.
Aplodes catachloa^ n. sj). , 160.

" obliijua, n. sp., 161.
Apple-biul moth, the fringed- wing. 109.
Araneiv Hungariiv : Chvzerand Kulczuski.

168.
Archenomus liicolor, 81.
Argynnis Aglaiiv, 202.
•• Cybele, 98.
Edwardsii, 98.
Lais, 98.
Nevadensis, 98.
Arphia siilphiirca, 25S.
Asclera, table of species, 151.

I Aseniopliis iindiis, n. sp. , 197.

Ashmead, W. 11., articles by, 141. 177,
I 205, 225, 249, 281, 305.

A.^liiiieaditlla Holtii, n. sp., 51.
Aspidiolophngus citrinus. So.
Aspidiouis ancylii.= , 82.

Dtajuc.^si, n. >|i. , 266.
I'orbesi, 82.
perniciosus, 82, 169.
Attains subfasciatus, 267.

" tra)isiitiniiiiis, n. sp., 267.
Author's names, alibreviations of, 272.
Autumn captures, 264.

Haker, C. F., articles by, 30, 219, 289.
change of address, 316.
Banks, X.. articles by, 168, 1S5, 265.
Uasilodes Arizon;e, 106.
Ilowardi. 106.
metallic species of, 105.
territans, 105.
Hearherry, scale insect on, 266.
Hees from Arizona, 237.

'■ New Mexico, 146.
new and little known, 50, 146.
" of the genus Andrena from Hartford,
Conn., 103.
Belhune. C. J. .S., articles by, i, 78, 196,

271, 296, 297.
Bibio paliipes. 18.
Bird, II., article by, 126.
Bkasticotoma tlliceti, 253.
Blatchley, W, ,S. , articles by, 54, 71;.
lioarmia plumigeraria, 214.
Bogue 1". E , article liy. 172.
Book notices, 20. 48, 75, 104. 167, 196,

248, 296, 328.
Brachycoma Sheldoiii, n. sp., 236.
Hrachynoiiiirui '■ntnueus, n. sp. , 273.
CoqitiUctti, n. sp. , 93.
" Huhbardii, n. sp. , 241.

niger, n. sp. , 134.
' (/uadripiiiichiltis, n. sp.,

134, 242.
Brephos infans, figures of, 49.
Breiiniis iiisii/ari<:, n. sp., 200.

Caberodes »iini//ia, n. sp. , 219.
Callidapteryx dryopterata, larva of, 155.
Calliopsis clypeatus, 29.
Caloptilia, n. gen., 212.
Calopus angustus, 150.

:«()

I.\I)K.\ TO XOI.r.MK xxx.

Camnula pellucida, 259.
Carneades pleuritica. 327.
Catocala antinynipha, t,?."].
" illecta, 140.

" Magdalena, 140.

Cephaloidre of Ontario and (^)iiebec, 149.
Cephaloon, table of species, 151.
Cephida,', table of genera, 181.
Cep/ius Grauiclieri^ n. sp. . 18 1.
Cerambycidic of Ontario and Quebec, 37.
Ceratina Arizoiietis/s, n. sp., 238.
Ceratitis capitata, 270.
Ceratographis biguttata, 39.
Chictophleps rostra ta, n. sp., 235.
Chelyiiia riibrifloris, n. sp. , 50.
Cherry scale, 82.
Chionaspis Bruneri, 133.

" iaryu\ n. sp., 86.

" Hotvardi, n. sp., 88.

" I.intneri, 89.

" " bet like, n. var. , 85.

" I.oiiiishnryi, n. sp. , 87.

" minor, 89.

" ortholobis, 133.

" prunicola, 232.

Chionobas Californica, 298.

" Chryxus, 298.

" Jutta, 299.

" Macounii, 29S.

Chittenden, F. H., article by, 239.
Chloealthis conspersa, 61, 124.
Chlorotettix Inrviceps, n. sp. , 220.

" t-mari^iiiata, n, sp. , 219.

galbanata. 219.

" minima, n. sp , 220.

" unicolor, 219.

" Van Dii-.eei, n. nom., 219.

Chortopliaga viridifasciata, 258.
Cicada, new egg-parasite of, 102.
Cimbicida-, tallies of sub-families and

genera. 315.
Circotettix verruculatus, 263.
Cisthenc striata, n. sp., 10 1.
Cistogaster Pallasii, 233.
Cleora pediiellata, n. sp. , 194.

" suinxitstralis, n. sp. , 194.
Clistomorpha hyalonioides, 233.
Coccidiv. bright red parasite of, 276.
Cockerell, T. D. .\., articles by, 19, 29,

50, 103. 133, 146, 184, 224, 237, 246,

264, 266, 276, 293, 326.
Coleoptera of Canada, 37. 149.
Colias Ccesonia, 70, 71, 98.
" Interior, figures of, 49.
" Philodice, figures of varieties, 49.
Collecting at bloom, 188.

" .' " light, r:,- 65. 84-
Concerning Ticks, 96.
Coniodes pliimigeraria, 214.

Cooley, K. A., articles by, 85, 232.

Copismerinthus ocellata, 201,

Coquillett, D. W., articles by, 9, 53, 233,

277.
Cottonwood snow-scale of Nebraska, 133,
Crematogaster lineolata, 266
Currie, R. P., articles by, 93, 134, 241,

273-
Cuterebra emasculator, 9.

" latifrivis. n. sp , 10.
Icpivora, n. sp., 9.

" nitida, n. sp., lO.

" polita, n. sp,, 10.

tenebrosa, n. sp., 11.
Cylhcodes { ' ) incerta, n. sp. , 185,
Cychrinid, a new species from British

Columbia, 199,
Cychrus marginaius, 199.

Dactylopiiis azalect\ n. sp. , 319,
" ceriferus, 221.

" Kingii, var. Neo-I\Iexicana, n.

var., 318.
" {hiainlancii, n sp. , 220.

'■ virgatus. 221.

Danta ministra, 19.
Deidamia inscripta, 204.
Deilephila lineata. 264.
Deilinia Behrensaria, var. ct'rz'inicolor, n.
var., 161.
" ptilveraria, n sp., 161.
Deva oniata, n. sp., 106.
Diaspis amygdali, 78, 169.

" " in Massachusetts, 232

" ■■ in South Africa, 269.

" ostre:vformis, 81.
Diastiifis henigiia, n. sp., 191.
'• Floridensis, n. s[)., 164.

inaricopa, n. sp , 164,
'■ olivalis, n. sp. , 164.

particolor, n sp. , 163.
seriit'ata, n. sp. , 191,
Dilophonota obscura, 264
Diiiiorphopteryx, n. gen., 308, 309.
Dineuridiv, tables of sub-families and

genera, 286.
Dionifa nitoris, n. sp. , 235.
Diptera, notes on some species, 18.
Dipterous genus Eusiphona, 53,
Dissosteira Carolina, 260.
Dityhis cu-ruleus, 150.
gracilis, 150,
" quadricollis, 150.
Diurnals, note on, 201.
Dorcaschema nigrum, 39.
Doryphora lo-lineata on tomato, 72.
Dunning. ,S. N., articles by, 152, 26S.
Dyar, H. ("■., articles by, 2, 16, 81, 104,
155, 173, 203, 24S, 257.

i.M>i;\ I'd \(ii.i .Ml-; NNX.

;«i

Ecyrus dasycerus, 43.
Mdwards. W. II., articles by. 7, 11.
Klirhorn, E. M., article l)y. 244.
Encoptolophus .sordidus, 259.
Ency7-tus Johnsoui.Ti. sp . 18.

" mitratus. 17.
Endeloinyia. n, gen.. 256,
Endropia serrata, 71.
Ennoinoi ochreatiis. n. sp. , 218.
Entomological books free of duty. 272.

Society of Ontario. 8. 45.
157. 168. 297.
Eois Ha)ihaiin, n. sp., 158.
" persiinilis, n. sp . 158.
EpiplemidiV the lowest Bombycids. 155.
Erigoiic albescens, n. sp. , 187.
Eriocampiilea, n. gen., 256.
Eriococcus adenostonuc, n. sp. , 244. 246.
neglectus, 246.

" quercus. 246.

Tinshyi, n. sp., 246, 276, 317.
Errata, 37 (note), 84, 267, 327.
Ersephila iudistincta, n. sp. , 1 19.
Euchloe Stella, 201.
Eiicymato^e Gillettei, n. sp., 116.
Endule hyaliua. n. sp. , 1 14,
Eugoiiobapta constans, n. sp. , 216.

'■ ochreata. n. sp,, 216.

Eumargareta coresia, 201.
Euphanessa mendica, food-plant of, 248.
Euphorocera clavipennis, 19.
Eupogonius, table of species, 42,
Euprepia caja, 327.
Euschansia. n, gen,, 81.
Eusiphona, the genus, 53.
Eidolype grandis. n, sp., 321.
Exorista dorsalis, n. sp. , 236.

Fall, H. C, article by, 267,
Fletcher, Dr James, portrait and notice
of, I.
" J., articles by, 301, 328

Freezing of insects, 287.
Fyles, Rev. T. \V. . degree conferred
ujjon, 316.
" T. W., articles by, 29.). 327.

Geometrina of North America, new genera

and species of, 113, 158, 191, 214.
Gonophlebia paradoxa, 201.
Crortyna leucostigma, 130.
Grant, C. E., article by, 264.
Graphisurus, table of species, 39.
Grasshopper, new Alpine from Western
Canada, 197.
•' new from Ontario, 90.

Grote, A. R., articles by, 201, 272, 327.
Gynniopteriis, n. gen., 213.

Hadenella Levigata, n. sp. , 321.

suhjiiitcta, n sp., 523.
Halictoides Tinshyi. n. sp., 52.
Hal ictus Kiiicaidii, n. sp. . 51.

A'liir.ti, n. sp. , 238.

Lerouxii, var. riibonim, n. var..

meliloti, 237.
OlyiiipiiC, n. sp. , 51.
pseudotegularis, 237.
similis. 52.
ilanclbjok of Insects injurious to Orchard

and Bush fruit : Ormerod, 328.
Hanhani, A. W.. articles by, 33, 65. 18S.
Harlequin cabbage-bug. parasite of, 17. .
Heath, K. F., article by, 98,
Heiiiiiaxoniis, n. gen., 311.
Hespcraspis. n. gen., 147.

'■ clcgantiila, n. sp. , 148.

Hessian fly attacking timothy, 301.
Hippiscus tuberculatus, 61, 260.
Holland, W. J., article by, 96.
Holostaspis tnasttis, n. sp. , 265.
Hoinaoneiira, n. gen., 313, 315.
Hopkins, A. D.. article by, 21.
Hoplosia nubila, 42.
Horn, Dr. G. H., death of, 46.
Horntails and Sawtlies, classification of,

141, 177. 205. 225, 249, 281, 305.
Howard, L. O. , articles by, 17, 102.
Hulst, G. D., articles by, 113, 158, 191,

214.
Hutchison, H., article Ijy. 84.
Hydra;cia cataphracta, 12S.

necopina, 131, 327.

" nitela, 127, 327.

'■ notes on the Xoctuid genus, 126.

" purpurifascia, 129, 327.

rutila, 327.
Hydriomena grandiosiiy n. sp. , 118.
'■ occideiis, n. sp. , 118.
peniotata, n. sp. , 117.
Hylotomidiv, table of sub-families and

genera, 210.
Hyperplatys, table of species, 38.
Hyposlena sednervis, n. sp., 236.
Hypotaxonus, n. gen., 311.

Insect Life : Comstock. 20.
Insects, rare, taken at Hamilton. 69.
Issoria lathonia, 202.
Ixodes albipictus, 96.
bovis, 96,

J assini, notes on, 289.
Jassus lactipennis. 289.
Johnson, W. (J., ailicle b)-, 82.
Johnston, James, article by, 70.

332

XNDKX 'I'O VOI.CMI'', XXX.

Tubavillij, n. gen., 192.

" Danhyi, n. sp. , 192.

Junonia civnia, 71.

Kaliitricliia, n. gen., 107.

" albavcna. n. sp. , 107.

■' pcndtila, n. s]5., loS.

'■ saoitfd/lhi. n. sp., 108.

Keen, J. II., article by. 199.
Kellicott, Prof. U. .S., death of, 166.
Kermcs lOccitinii/tis. n. sp. , 172.
" pnhcsicns, n. s]). , 172.

Labelling of entomological specimens. 72.
LachneidK, generic revision of, 2.
Lasiocampida% generic revision of. 2.
Lasius alienus, var. Aniericanus. 266.
Lathosca ursiiia, n. sp., 324.
Latliroineris cicad<i, n. sp. , 102.
Lauxaiiia a/liiseta, n. sp., 280.

" facia/is, n. sp. , 280.

" latipeunis, n. sp. , 279.
Lecanium armeniacinii, 81.
Canadense, 294.
car) a.', 293.

" caryarum^ n. sp., 293.

" Crawii, n. sp. , 245, 247.

" Macliirarnin, n. sp., 294.

" ptibesceiis^ n sp. , 244, 247.
7'entrale, n. sp. , 245, 247.
Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Hetero-

ceres : Strecker, 296.
Lepidoptera taken at Winnipeg and

Brandon, 33, 65.
Leptomeris itigrodiscalis, n. sp. , 158.
Leptostylus, the genus, 37 (note).
Lepturges, table of species, 37.
Leucopsis bella, 19.
Libythea Bachmani, 71.
Linell, M. L. , article by, 74.
Lintner, Dr. J. A., death of, 165.
Liolyda, n gen., 209.
Liopus, table of species, 37.
Lophyrids, table of genera. 225.
Lophyridea, n. gen., 226.
Lopliyrotoiiia, n. gen., 230.
Lounsbury, C P., article by, 269.
Lucock, F. , article by, 248.
Lydidaj, table of subfamilies and genera,

207.
Lyman, II. II., articles by, 49, 287.

Macaria piiiipciuiata, n. sp. , 162.
MacGiUi~'raya, n. gen., 257.
Macrophya externa, larva of, 173.

flavicoxiv,
Mamestra vicina, 327.
Mancipium brassicii', 201.
Marlatt, C. L., article by,
Marlattia, n. gen., 287.

173-

Mariiiavea peplarioidcs, n. sp., 218.
Masicera enfitchia', 19.
Mecostethus gracilis, 126.

lineatus, 55, 125.
Megaxyela major, larva of, 175.
Melanomma auricinctaria, larva of, 257,

327- . •
Melanopli, revision of, Scudder, 75.
Mclaiiophts abortivits, n sp. , 90.

" angustipennis, 58.

" Blatchleyi, 62.

" dififerentialis, 62.

" extremus, 57.

" obovatipennis, 62.

" punctulatus, 62.

Mcsolcitca abacta. n. s]5., 117.
Metancnia stibpuintata, n. sp., 218.
Mia-argc, n. gen., 213.
Microcfclia diphtheroides, larva of, 16.
Micronematusgregarius, 282.
Moffat, J. A., articles by, 69, 140, 204,

327-
Monophadiioides, n. gen.. 253.
Monofaxis, n. gen., 120.

" semipcctinata, n. sp. , 120
Montreal Branch, Entomological .Society

of Ontario, 45, 297.
Morphin.v, note on, 203.
Murgantia histrionica, 1 7.
Myctcrophora Slossoiiitr, n. sp., 120.
Myrmecophilus mites, 265.
Myrmelionida, new species of, 93, 134,
241, 273.

Nacerdes melanura, 150.

Nacophora quernaria, var. atrescens, n.

var., 162.
Nathalis lole, 201.
Nectarophora tabaci, n. sp. , 300.
Nematidce, tables of sub families and

genera, 282.
Nematids, some new, 302,
Nematus chloreus, 304.
NeococUdea Barrctti^ n. sp. , 291.

biniaculaia. n. sp. , 291.
" lineata, n. sp. , 289.
viodesia, n. sp., 290.
obscura, n. sp. , 289.
pallida, n. sp. , 290.
" riibroliiteata, n. sp. . 290

Sniithii, n, sp., 291.
" tumidifrons, 289.
Neopcrga, n. gen., 232.
Neopiilia, n, gen., 213.
Neoter]3es ephelidaria, var. A'mizei, n.

var., 215.
Ncstiriis tai'iiola, n. sp, , 187.
New ^'ork State Entomologist, 271.
Nisoniades Propertius, 71.

I.NDIOX TO Vdl.lMK X.W.

•.a\

Noctukls. descriptions of neu, 321.

Phenacocrus ii/inin/iis, parasite on, 224,

Nothrii (.') M(r/ii^rW('//ti. n. sp., 109.

solcnopsis, n, sp , 47, 319.

Phengoniniat;va dissimilis, n. sp. , 2 1 5.

Oberea, table of species, 43.

JViilaiil/iiis Ari-Ayi(r. 11. sp. . 155.

Obituary notices, 46, 78, 108, 165, 166.

ik'Oi/iu:, n. sp. . 152.

(l'".denieri(l;v of Ontario and Queltec. 149.

Ilcnritiis. n. s]).. 153, 184.

< ]''.nectra distincla, 19.

srrnilatu-. n. s]i.. 154.

Ohio, insect fauna of, 78.

rinlodroiinis pacifiai:.. n sp. , 187.

Oncideres cingulalus, 40

Plilcpsiiis iirc'o/aiiis, n. sp., 30.

Opiitltoncitra. n. gen., 287.

pcrsonaliis. n. sp. , 30.

Orchard ]>est, a new, 109.

Rilcyi. n. sp.. 32.

Orphula ;>'(|ualis, 125.

Teyaiiiis, n. sp. .31.

pelidna, 54.

Phyllojjhaga, tallies (if families, 143.

Orllu'.ia arlciiiisiic, n. sp. . 19,

Phytophaga. classification of, 141, 177,

" iheilaiif/ii, n. sp. , 12.

205, 225, 249, 281, 305.

" ^^'raniiiiis, n. sp , 13.

Pipiza niodesta, 19.

" nigrocincta, 20.

Plant-louse on tobacco, a new. 300.

Oryssidiv, table of genera, 177.

Plcroiiia hoiniscula, n. sp. . 325.

Orysstis IhoraciiKs, n. sp., 178.

Plusia a;reoides, 264, 327.

Ottolengui, R., articles by, lor, 10$.

captures of, 264.

Outdoor Studies : \eedhani, 296.

pasijihaia, 327.

Podaliritis p/ieiiax, n . sp. . 1 46.

Fadiyccriiia davipciiith, n. sp. , 280.

Paciloi/irou i/iiiiitta, n. sp. . 185.

Pachynematus gregarius, 281.

Pncilostoiiudea. n. gen., 256,

Palcacrita longiciliaia, n. sp. , 1 13.

Pogonoclierus mixtus, 43.

" speciosa, n. sp. , 113.

penicellatus, 42.

Pamphila Dion, 70, 71.

Polyitiiliopliagiti, n. gen., 310.

Panoxya Hoosieri, 63.

Ponlia daplidice, 201.

" Scudderi, n. sp. . 59.

Potamia Iwrca/is, n. sp. , 302.

Panton, the late Prof. J. H., 78.

" lOiisors, n. sp., 302.

Panurginus clypeatus, 29.

Prionidus cristatus, 17.

" Cressoiiiellin, n. sp. , 29.

Prosapis MesilLt, 237.

Panurgus and Cailiopsis, Cockerell on,

Pseudocyphona, n. gen., 21 1.

lOI.

Pscitdope7-ga, n. gen., 232.

Papilio Ajax, 257.

Psendosiobla, n. gen., 308, 309.

Bairdii, 11.

Psinidia fenestralis, 56.

" brevicauda, 304.

Ptei-onus carpini, n. sp. , 303.

" Brucei, 11.

" quercus, 303.

" Marcellus, 71.

Pterygophoridaj, tables of sub-families and

" Oregonia, 11.

genera, 228.

Paracaiidia, n. gen., 292.

Plerygophon'mis, n. gen., 230.

" tuherciilata, n. sp. , 292.

Putnam's scale, 82.

Paraperga, n. gen., 232.

Paraplagia spinosula, 19.

Raupen der Ptero]jhoriden : Hoffmann,

Paraselandria, n. gen., 255.

248.

Parasiobla, n. gen., 308, 309

Report of observations on injurious in-

Paratettix cucullatus, 123.

sects : Ormerod, 196.

Parurus pinicoliis, n. sp. , 179.

Rhamphomyia mutabilis, 18.

Pegomia bicolor, 19.

Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis, 327.

Perdita salicis, 237.

Kipttla -I'estalii. n. sp. . 215.

Perga Lewisii. maternal instinct in female.

Robertson, C, article by, loi.

^l^-

Royal .Society of Canada. 121.

Pergande, T., article by, 300.

PcricUstoptcra, n. gen., 255.

.San Jose >calc, 82.

Perreyiid;v, table of genera, 226.

importation of, from japan,

Petalopoda annulipes, 292.

169.

Pettit, the late Johnson, 108.

.Saperda Candida, 71.

Phenacoccus helianthi, 48.

concolor, 71.

" iniiiiiiiiis, n. sp. , 223.

table of sjiecies, 40.

:«1

IM)i;X TO NOI.r.MK x.w.

Saproviyza brae hy soma, n. sp. , 278.

" Crcvecatiri, n. sp., 278.

" flaTCola. n. sj). , 279.

" Iloiighii. n. sp. . 277.

" Hubbai-dii, n. S|i. , 277.

" Livingstfliii. n. sp. , 278.

" magna, n. sji. . 279.
Sliildoiii, n. sp. , 277.
Salyrus alope. 71.
Sawflies and Horntails. classification of,

141, 177. 205. 225. 249. 281. 305.
Sawfly larv;L'. notes on. 173.
Schausia. the genus, 81.
Schizoneura lanigera, 19.
Sciagrapliia Jlaviveiiata, n. sp. . 163.

■' spoJopteraia, n. sp. . 162.

.Scirtetica marmorata, 261.
Scudder, S. II.. article by, 183.
Selandriidic, tables of sub-families and

genera. 249.
Selidosema ioiifigia-aia. n. sp., 195.

■• lachrymosa, n. sp. , 194.

" iiigrcscens, n. sp. , 214.
Siricida;. tables of sub-families and genera,

178:
Slingerland. M. \., appointment of, 271.

" ■■ article by, 165.

S/ossonia, n. gen., 216.

" lafipeiiiiis, n. sp. , 2 1 7,

" rubrotincta, n. sp., 217.
Smith, J. B., article by, 321.
Snyder, Mrs. A. J., article by, 99.
Solenopsis geminata, 47.
Sparagemon bolli. 261.

Wyomingensis, 6r.
Species, considerations on the nature and

origin of : Tutt, 104
Splucrococcus sylvestris, n. sp., 326.
Sphinx catalpa' at Coalburgh, W. Va., 7.
" luscitiosa, 71.
" quinquemaculata, 72.
Spiders, some new, 185.
Spodoptera Kiinzei. n. sp. , 192.
Squash-bug, anew, 239.
Stedman, J. M.. article by, 109.
Stcnaspilatcs inviolata, n. sp. , 218.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, 126.
Stevenson, C article by. 72.
Stories of Insect Life : Weed, 48.
.Strongylogasterin.u, table of genera, 307.
Stroiigylogailroidea, n. gen., 308. 310.
Syna.xis fituata. n. sp. , 217.
Syiichloia Louisa, n. sp. , 159.

" Texaiin, n. sp. , 160.

" viridipinpurea, n. sp., 159.
Synelys nigrocandida. n. sp. . 121.
Syzygonidea. n. gen., 230.

Tachinid.v. additions to synopsis. 233.

Tiiniocampa alia (?). 294. 327.

■' subterminata, 327.

Taylor. G. \V.. article by, 14.
Tenthredinidii-, tables of sub-families and

genera, 305.
Tiphrodystis actttiptiniis. n. s]i. . 1 1 5.
botra/is. n. sp. , 1 14.
Iiitipcnnis. n. sp., 114.
nii'cifaiiia, n. sp. , 1 15.
perfiisca, n. sp. . 1 16.
siibio/oraia. n. sp. , 1 14.
Teras niinuta. 19.
Teritlia magna, n. sp. . 292.
Tetracncmits Wesiwoodi, n. sp. ,224.
Tetraopes, table of species, 44.
Tttratneura. n. gen.. 256.
Tettigidea armata. 60.

depressa, 60.
" [jarvipennis. 124.
Tettix granulatus, 123.

ornatus, 122.
Text-book of Entomology : Packard, 167.
T/ieridiiim i tint /pes, n. sp., 186.

" subterraneiim, n. sp. , 186.

'I'lierina ptDictata, n. sp., 215-
Ticks, concerning, 96.
Timothy, Hessian fly attacking. 301.
Tinobregmus vittatus, 289.
Tinsley, T- D-, articles by, 12, 47, 220,

317."
Tobacco, new plant-louse on, 300.
Tomicus cnelatus, 21.
Tremecinfu, table of genera, 179.
Trigonalys Canadensis, 14.
Trigonometopiis piinctipeiinis, n. sp. , 280.
Trimerotropis maritinia, 61, 262.
Trissolcus margantiie, 17.
Truxalis brevicornis, 61.
Trypeta solidaginis, 99.

Uropoda piinctiilata, n. sp. , 266.
U. S. National Museum, Department of
Insects, 45.

'Vanessa antiopa, rare aberration of, 49.
Vespa occidentalis, 14.

Walker. E. M.. articles by, 90. 122, 197,

258.
Webster, F. M.. articles by, i8. 20, 48,

78, 166. 167. 169.
Wickham. H. F.. articles by, 37. 149.
Wood-engraver beetle, history and habits

of. 21.

Xanlluvhoc giacialis. n. sp. , 119, 203.

longula. n. sp. , 119, 203.
Xiphidium. the described species in the
United States and Canada, 183.

INKKX I'O VOI.r.MK XXX.

:«r)

Xiphydriida', tables of sub-families and

genera, i8o.
Xyela minor, larva of, 176.
Xyelidiv, list of species, 174.
" notes on larv:u of, 173.
" tables of sub-families and genera,
205.
Xyleborus dispar, 26.

Xyleborus pini, 22.

" saxeseni, 21.

" xylographus, history and habits

of, 21.
Xylophaga, table of families, 143.
Xysta didyma, 233.

Zaschizonyx, n, gen., 257.

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