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A
WRITER OF ATTIC PROSE
MODELS FROM XENOPHON EXERCISES AND GUIDE A VOCABULARY OF ATTIC PROSE USAGE
BY
ISAAC FLAGG
‘ PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
NEW YORK.-:-CINCINNATI-:- CHICAGO BMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
COPYRIGHT, 1902, BY
ISAAC FLAGG.
ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ Hatt, Lonpon.
ATTIC PROSE. Wieteaiek
PREACH
e
THE intention and purpose of the present work are indi- cated in the first few paragraphs under the head of Writer’s Guide, and explicitly stated at the end of the same section in Directions for Using the Book, p. 103. The Guide is not meant to offer an exhaustive treatment of any of the topics which it touches: supplementary matter can be found by such readers as may desire it in Outlenes of the Temporal and Modal Principles of Attic Prose, published by the University of California, copyright, 1893; an Intro- duction to the Lives of Cornelius Nepos, on the Rapid Reading of Latin and the Art of Translation; The Trans- lation Habit, University of California Magazine, April, 1808.
iii
; a
CONTENTS
PAGE
MODELS FROM XENOPHON . : : : . : : . I-63 Cyrus the Great: his Lineage and Native Qualities (107) I The Boy Cyrus at the Court of Media (107) . : : : I
At Dinner (109) . 3 The Court in its Cups (110) . 5 : 4 Cyrus decides to remain with his Grandfather (111 ) 5 A Lesson in Justice (112) . : ; : : ; : 6 Winning Ways of Cyrus (112) 7 Hunting (113) : 3 8 A Grand Hunting Party (116). : : ; : 2, ho
Cyrus returns Home (118) . : ; ; : : of Vale He resumes the Persian Discipline (119). : ' a? “ee Designs of the King of the Assyrians (119) . : : om it Cyrus takes Command of a Persian Army (120) . ‘ aU (i He marches to Media (121) . : : ; : : tt? ANI Capture of Sardis (122 ; : ; : 6 : s- MG Cyrus and Croesus (123) 5 : ; : ‘ ; | Ty@6t ceavrov (124). 2 ¢ ‘ . : : oh nS Evdaipovia (127) . : : : ; ; : : a Upae The Taking of Babylon (128) : : A : : eT Cyrus’ Dower (133) . : , : : : ‘ An ene
The Charge of Cambyses (134) . ; : : : 2" 26 Length and Breadth of the Empire (135). : ; =» 20 Svoxevalov, ® Kipe (136). ! ‘ ‘ ; E 20 Last Words of Cyrus the Great (137) . : : : AD sie)
The Death of Cyrus the Younger (138) : : ‘ Pens
Nf
vi CONTENTS
PAGE Traits of the younger Cyrus (141) : : . . 37 Kadoxayabia (143) : é ; . : . Oe Fae UG Ischomachus’ Instructions to his Wife (145) = : stetat Learning Homer (152) : : , : : “ 3, a6 Beauty of Socrates (153) . : : : : a toe eee Xanthippe, his Wife (154) . ; : - : : Pane: Filial Gratitude (155) . : : : - . 7 se) 9 Agesilaus in Asia (158) : . : - ° : ip he
Recalled to, Hellas (16r)"".. .) (& 3.' 4%. Se Battle of Coronea (162) ‘ é ; 5 - : yp age
Panhellenic Patriotism (165) : : : : ES) Spartan Simplicity (165) —. j < : : -, | 60 Hunting as Part of a Liberal Education (166) - : =i 260 EXERCISES AND GUIDE. : : : : : - 65-169 Intuition and Imitation : 2 : : : . CesO5 Rhetorical Articulation ; 2 : : : : enon Lesser Rhetorical Masses. : : ; ‘ ; paz Larger Rhetorical Masses. : : - : é 5 Os Responsiveness of the Greek Language - 2 : 2/7368 The Greek Order . : : : : : : : Se.) First come, First served ; , : : . : 170 The Group as Unit : : : . : - : Ae Period, Antithesis, Chiasmus : : : , 5 - 7a. Euphony . : , : ‘ é - - : s "270 Rhetoric and Grammar . : z : : : ~ 76 Grammatical Terminology . . : A - ; ee7 7. Temporal and Modal Expression . . ‘ - : TA (2 Pure Conditional Clauses. : . : : 79-82 Real Condition . - : ~ . : . ‘ i 4S) Circumstantial Condition . . j : . Z - 81
Vague Condition : : : : : : ‘ = Aor
CONTENTS Vil
PAGE
Relative Indefinite : : : : . . 82 Original and Secondary Constructions . ; : . J ag Scheme of Subordinate Clauses . : : - : 2. WSs The Past Phase . 2 : - - - . : - 88) Objective Conditional . : , : - : : are) Subjective Conditional . : ; : - : : -, © 196 Final of Expectation . P : : : : : = gt Cautions regarding Idiom. ; 3 z : - 92-100 The Connective Particle . : : - : : oy) Se Parataxis of peéev : ; ; ; : : : na Aorist and Imperfect ; : : : : ‘ es ihe Perfect.Stem) .. ; ‘ 3 ; : 7 2g Infinitive and Participle_ . . ; : : ; : ' 5 pavat, eiveiv and Acyew , : ; : , . 96 oiec Oat, Soxetv, yycioOa, vouilew fa : . 96 yvovac : , , , ‘ : : « _ 66 datverOat, axovew ; : : : , ; oF Adjuncts of Infinitive or Participle_ . : : : - 97 Personal and Impersonal . : : : : : . 1 96 Temporal Relations . ; ; : : ; : - 98 Simplicity . ; : ‘ : : : : : . 100 Directions for Using the Book 103
Exercises for Writing . : : . . : . 107-169 ABBREVIATIONS . : : : .
VOCABULARY . “ 2 : . - . - ; «. AZ
mite PROSE
Cyrus the Great: his Lineage and Native Qualities
Ilarpos prev 57) 6 Ktpos déyerar yevésrOar Kap- , ~ 7 ‘ A ¢ A Bicew Hepoav Bacihéws, pytpds Sé€ dpodoyetrar Mavddyns yeverOar: 7» 5€ Mavdavyn avrn ’Aotud- > ig Lal : 4 , 4 yous nv Ovydrnp tod Mydav yevonevov Baciréws. A Aue A , alee ¥ \ a 5 puvar d€ 6 Kupos déeyetar kai aderar Ere kal vov tm tav BapBapar, cidos pev Kahhiotos Wyn Se prravOpwrdratos Kat diiowabéaratos Kat didotipd- TATOS, WOTE TaVTA pev TOVvoY avaT\nvat TavTa dé KivOuvov Umopewar Tov éemawecOar evexa. dvow \ ‘\ “a A \ a A , ¥ 10 pev OF THS pophys Kal THs WuyNs TovadTny eyov S1a- pvynpoveverar: evardevOn ye pv ev Tlepo@y vopmoss.
The Boy Cyrus at the Court of Media
Kv 0 \ , \ PS) Ms) 7: A x PVE d A“ pos yap méeype ev O@deKa éTaV 7 OAIyw Thetov 4 “~ fi 3 4 ‘ , “ e 4 TAUTH TH Tavdeia eTardevIny, Kal TavTwy TaV HALKoV , > , \ > Xx x , a # diah€pwv éfaivero Kal eis TO Tayd pavOavew & Séor ‘ > ‘\ A ‘\ 6) s Y A > \ I5 Kal €ls TO Kah@s Kal avdpEiws Exacta Tove. éKx de TOUTOV TOV ypovov peTeTEeuaro AaTuayns THY éav- ~ 7 ‘\ ~ “a > “A me > oe ‘ > , Tov Bvyatépa Kai Tov Taida adrns: Welw yap emeBU- ¥ a PEL, OTL NKovEV avTOV Kaov Kayabdy Elva. EpyeTat > > , e , \ 5 lA ‘\ ‘\ lo & avty te 7 Mavdavy mpos Tov TaTepa Kal Tov Kupov 20 TOV ULOY EXoUTA. ATTIC PROSE—I I
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ATTIC PROSE
\ a ‘Os 5€ adixero TadxioTa, Kal eyvw 6 Kdpos tov > , A \ , » >QX a N Aotuayyny THS pnTpos watépa ovta, evOds ota dy A , , x > , , SN mats dvoe diidctopyos wv nomaleTd TE avTov @oTEep av el TIS TAAL ovVTEApappevos Kal mahat diiov aomalouro, Kat dpav dn avTov KeKoopNmevov \ 3 “Aw ¢ ™ \ , 3 ie. kat dd0apav vroypapyn Kat ypaparos evTpiber \ / Ig a \ 2 > > / Kal Kopais mpoobéros, & O1 vopwima Hv ev Mydas —Tadta yap TavTa Mnyoduxd €ort, Kal ot topdupot lol \ XiT@vES Kal ol KavdVES Kal Ob OTpETTOL ot TeEpt La , \ \ / x x “A ie 3 ™ S€pn Kat ta Wedia Ta mEpt Tats yepol, ev IIlgpoaus d€ Tots olkou Kat vov €7t TOAD Kal exOATES / \ 4 > , c “A \ dhavrdrepar Kat Stata, evteh€orepar — dpav dy N , A , > , La ey TOV KOGMOY TOU TamTOV, EuBEeTaV av’T@ EdeEyer, > A e dod e , > te \ Q pytep, as Kahds pou 0 Tammos. Eepwraans Se 3 ‘\ “A ‘ is , 3 ~ lal avTov THs pyTpos WMoTEpos KadXiwvy av’T@ Soxet > x eo » lo eval, 0 TATHP Y OUTOS, amEKpivato apa 6 Kupos, "Q prep, epoav fev mod KaddwoTos 6 eds / / , Y CZ. 3. ON N38 ts) maTyp, Mydav pévtor Cowv Ewpaka éya Kal év Tats € ca] SY 5.oN “~ v A a c Brae SK , Odols Kal emt Tats OUpais TOAD ObTOS 6 Eds TaTTOS KaANLOTOS. > - \ c /, > oN N \ Avractalopevos 6€ 6 mammros avToV Kal oTOAHV XN bee XN A \ / 2 Je ~ Kahynv evédvae Kal oTpemTots Kat Wedious eTia Kal 3 / \ ¥ 2) , aps -S. , EKOo MEL, Kal EL Tov eLehavvoL, ef imToV ypuToxaNt- you TEpinyev, WoTEP Kal avTos Elofer Topever Bat. 6 d€ Kdpos ate tats av Kal diddKkados Kat diioTyLos nOoeTo TH OTOAH, Kal immevew pavOdvor wrepeyarper * > /, x \ XN XN > ‘\ vd év Ilépoais yap dua TO yaherov elvar Kal Tpéepew 9 » A immous Kal immevew €v dpewyn ovon TH Xopa Kar lal “4 idety Ummov omdviov.
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 3
At Dinner
A \ a7 2. , ‘ ~ \ \ Lal Aevav € 6 Aotudyns atv TH Ovyatpi Kat T@ \ aw e yY ~ Kip, Boviopevos tov matda as noveTa deurvew, 9 @ ¥ 7 va ATTOV Ta olKade TOOOin, TpooHyayev aiT@ Kat , ‘\ \ 3 , XN ei mapoyidas Kal TavTodaTa euBaymara kal Bpomara. Tov d€ Ktpov éefacav héyew, "QO mame, do mpaypata exes & TO Oeitvm, Ei aVadyKn ToL Ent mavTa Ta hekdpia TavTa Swateivew Tas YELpas Kat anoyever Oar tovtway Tov TavtodaTtav Bpwpatwr. Ti 8é, ddvar tov ’Aotudynv, od yap Todd cou SoKet > , , \ lal n 3 ei XN eivat Kad\\Lov TOOE TO SEtrVOV Tov ev Ilépoats; TOV \ , ‘\ Lal 5 / / A d€ Kvpov mpos tadra atokpwaobar A€éyerat, Our, > , > \ Vrs , \ > , 2 @ mame: a\\a TOAD atAovaoTepa Kal evOuTEepa Tap if Lal e c > > \ \ 5 ~ xX > ¢ Aw Huw y 0dds e€otw emt 76 EuTrAnTOHvaL 7) Tap VLD. Tap Huw pev yap apTos Kal Kpéa els TOUTO ayeL* € Lng \ > \ XN Ee a a) , X , bets S€é els pev TO avTd july oredoerE, TOANOUS OE ce ‘\ » »," , 4 / Twas €Atypovs avw Kal KaTw mAavapevor modus aduxvetobe Orror Hers TAAL HKOMED.
"ANN, @ tat, davar Tov ’AoTuayny, ovK ax Oopevor na , / \ \ 4, »” ravTa mepitravapela: yevdpevos S€ Kal ov, Edn, lA Y AOE b) v2 > dra \ , , \ yore or ndéa éotiv. “AAG Kal oe, Pavar Tov Kipov, 6p0, ® Tamme, pvoaTTopevov TadTa Ta Bpa-
\ ‘\ > yd 5 , @ \ 4 67, para. Kal Tov “Aotvdyny émeperfar, Kar tie on \ , > a , Y , ov TEeKualpomevos, @ Tat, héyers; “OTe oe, Pavan, 6p, Grav pev Tod aptov ayy, eis ovdev THY XELpa
> , Y Cag be, \ , SN drodépevov: dtav S€ TovTwv TiVvds Diyyns, eds azro- a , kabaipe. THY yElpa eis TA XELPOWAKTPA, WS TavU dyOdpuevos btu mhéa cor am adtav éyéveTo. Tpds ~ \ > 4 > Lal > , y , Tavta dé Tov Aotudyyy eiety, Et Towvy ovTw yryve-
Io
ty ire
ATTIC PROSE
> 7 > x nee > a ¢ , oxes, @ wat, a\\a Kpéa ye evwyov, Wa veavias oixade aweAGns. aya dé tav7a €yovTa ToNa aiT@ mwapadepew Kai Onocia Kal TOY NuEpwr.
Kai rov Kupor, éwei Epa wok\a ta xpéa, ceive, a -— - > / 7 -~ * . *H xa Sides, davat, & waawEe, TavTa TavTa por Ta Kpéz 0 7t BovAouar avrois ypnolar; Ny Ata, davat, @® wat, €ywyé cor. evtavfa 87 Tov Kupov \aS8ovra tev Kpeav Siadidovar trois audi roy wawzov Oepa- weuTais emt€yovra éxds7w@, Lot pév TovTO, O7t Tpo- ’ < sa A ’ ‘ * J x Pipes pe inmevew biddoxes- cot dé, o7t wor wadrov ~ . ~ >: > . ’ A ‘ €Owxas, vuv yap tour éyw- oot dé, drt pou TH , ~ ~ > 7 a 8 83 id = pytépa Tyas. ToLavTa Ezola ews Oucdid0v Tav7a a 7 s eAaBe Kpea. The Court in its Cups ~ ~ >: ~ Kat 7ov Kupov cizety, *2 Saxa, awod@das- éxBare oe Ex THS TULNS* Ta TE yap adXa, davat, cov Kadduov > , x > > , > x > e > OlvOXONTW, Kal OVK EKTI2U“AL AUTOS TOY O!VOY. ot 9B > - s > , : Ss 8 ~ x apa tev Bacrléwy oivoydo:, éxadav S:d@04 THY G@idhyny, aovoavres Gz aizys To Kuabe eis THY apisrepay xeipa éyyeduevor Katappodovcr, tov dy A ~ -~ €t Odpuaxa eyyéovey wy AvTiTEAEw avTois. > s i S , > , % =f Ex rovrov 8) 6 “Aotudyns émtoxeatev, Kai ti , > ~ = 87, €dn, @ Kipe, 7ad\a pipotpevos tov Saxav, ovK azepp6dn Tas Tov otvov ; “Ort, edr, vy Aia eScdoixew ae - - s ‘ ‘ pt) <v Te Kparnpt dappaxa peutypéva cin. Kal yap al e 7 7 ‘ , > ~ * ore €ld7iagas av sous dirovs & ois yereOXiots, cadas Katéuafov ddpyaxa piv avrov éyyxéavza. ‘ ~ % x -~ a 73 Kai was 87 ov tovr0, edn, xaréywos; “Ore vy At e ”~ e . ~ -~ vpas €wpwy Kal 7als yrv@pais Kai Tols Topact
ee
_ —————
hit ea ii ee
Io
15
CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 5
, - ‘ , Ga > esi tae ee adahopevous. ampeTov peyv yap, a ovK €aTe Has TOUS TALOAS TOLELY, TAVTA aVTOL ETOLEITE. TaVTES pe
a 4 3 s > 4 . > s > , yap apa éxexpiyere, €uavbavere Se ovdey aGddxjhwv, > 4A 7, * Ss >] rd 5 -_ ndere d€ para yedoiws, ovK axpowpevor 5€ Tov > > , >» >» a 4 v adovTos @prveTe aptoTa ade: héywr 5€ Exaczos bpav THY E€avTov pon, EvaAT el avactain7e Opy7-
, 4 7 > ode >] e ~ > > s7vs TouEVol, LN OTWS 6pxeio Far ev pvope, add avd 6pBove Ga cOwacb:. émehédnabe 6€ wavrazact, ov
> . > > » > \. Te ort Brottevs 7TG9a ot ze GAOL OTL GV apxor. Tore yap 8 €ywye Kal zpaTov Kazéualoy or TOUT >» > > e > 7 a e ~ ,? > ~ J 7 ap Hv n lonyopia O vets TOT EzoOLELTE. ovo€emorTeE your €olwaare. 4A > ce 5 =
Kat 6 “Aoruayns héye, “O 5€ ods wazHp, Edn, > ” ; ® Tat, wivev ov pebvcxerar; Ov pa Al’, €dn. “AdAa mas wout; Aujav zaverat, addo 5é Kaxodv ovoe
, » > > , , -~ 3 A TATXEL* OV Yap Oiwal, @ TaT7E, Laxas avTw@ OlvoXoEL.
Cyrus decides to remain with his Grandfather
> \ fy ~ Evei &€ Mavdavn zapeoxevalero ws amuwvea 4 . 4 > > 7 > - e > , mwadw mpos Tov avdpa, édciro avTns 6 AoTvayns = ‘ a . > , s , Katahimav tov Kipov. 7 8& amexpivato, o7t Bov- 4 ~ ty > Aoiro pev amavra To TaTpi xapilecOa, axovra 4 x Aa A > ’y ~ pevro. Tov maida yadevor civat vopilew KaTahivew. > = Eva 89 6 “Aortvayns Aé€yer zpos zov Kupor, ra) -~ sa fd 2 3 , ~ X , cas ee Q wat, qv perns Tap Eepol, TP@TOV peEV L7TOLS TOLS > “ , x > c , 2 , x €uots xpyoe Kal addows Gazdcors av Bovdn, Kat c , > , »¥ > a s i. A 3 , al OmdTav azins, Exar azet ovs Gy av7os EHEANS. ExeiTa 7 ~ , ~ ¥ dé &v 7@ Scizvw ext 7d peTpiws cor Soxovw Exew
>
c ? , ~ Omotay Bovder Oddy Topevoe. EwEITA Ta TE VO &
ur
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ATTIC PROSE
TO Tapadeiaw Onpia didwpi oor kat adda Tavrodara VON Ve a a , > 8 ‘\ , c / Aa oviheEw, & ov, ETEevdav TaxLoTa inmEevew jays,
4 \ /, \ > 4 Lal ly did€er, Kai Tokevwv Kat axovTilwv KataBadeis womep e OX ¥ 5 \\ to PS) ld ) \ , ol peyddou avopes. Kat matdas O€ cou ya oupTral- oTopas mapéfw, Kat adda omdca av BovdAn déywv TpOS EME OVK ATUXHTELS. "Evel tavra eimey 6 “Aotva ) LHTNP SiNpa vdyys, } pATnp Smpara ‘ lal , , - xX 3 4 a \ Tov Kvpov modrepov Bovdotto pevew 7} amievar. 0 € ovk e“ehdAnoer, A\AG TAY Elmev OTL pévetv Bovdouro. 3 ‘\ \ VA ¢€ ‘ A ‘\ A , 3 Le) erepwTnfels S€ Tadw bro THS pHTpPds Oia Ti, Eire g yy la la héyerau, “Ore otkou pev TOV HALKwY Kal Eipt Kal doKo KPATLOTOS EivaL, @ MHNTEP, Kal aKovTilwy Kal TOCEVwWDY, 3 las \ SQ? So e , 4 StEeN la e 7 évtav0a S€ 010 OTL immEevwy HTTwWY Eipt TOV YArLKwY. \ A > 7 a na x 7] 3 oN , a kN Kat TovTo ev tof, @ pnTEp, Epy, OTL EME TAaVU aria. ED , , > LO \ qa ¢c , y ny O€ pe katadinys evOade kat palo immevev, orav pev ev Ilépoais @, olwat cou exeivous Tovs ayallous Ta TELiKa padiws riknoew: ora S cis Mydous EDe, evade Teipdoomat T@ TaTTH, ayabav imTéwv Kpa- c t
¥ N A A TLOTOS WV, LITTEVS TUUPAXEW AUTH.
A Lesson in Justice
Tv 6€ ducavociynv, @ Tat, Tas pabyoa EevOdde, 5 aA » lal , \ . an €KeL OVT@Y GOL TaV SioacKdd\wY; Kal TOY Kupov ddvat, ANN ® pATep, akpiBO TadTd ye HOy. las ov oicAa; tiv Mavddvnv cine. "Orr, pavar, 6
/ / e YY 3 le) ‘\ , duddoKads pe, @s NON aKpLBovrTa THY SiKaLocvrHY,
\ + , / \ / 7, me NS kat ahdous Kafiorn duxalew: Kat Towvy, davar, Et
las / \ ¥ ¢ > > A pia mote Oikn amdnyas €daBov ws ovK dpfas dukaoas.
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 7
Ss \ ec , , a , \ » Hy 6€ 7 diKn TowadTn. Tats peyas piKpov exwv XiTava Tatda puKpov péyav €xovTa xiTaVa, Exdvoas ree: \ \ e€ a > i > , SS Eee) , avTov, TOV Lev EavTOU Exewov Hudiewe, TOV SD ExElvou ewe eS eye, > x > 4 / ” , avTos évédv. €yw ovv TovTo.s dukalwv eyvev BédATLOV Elvat aupoTépors TOV ApmOTTOVTA EKATEPOY yLTwVA »~ > \ 4, 4 4 is , eyew. ev O€ TOUTH pe ETaLoEV 6 didacKaos, é~as, 9 = » 9 OTL OTOTE [eV TOU APHLOTTOVTOS ElNV KPLTHS, OUTW SéoL wn “~ y Touw* OmoTe O€ KpLvat Sor TOTEpoV O yLT@V Ely, Tour epyn oKemtéov elvat, Tis KTHoLS SiKaia €oTi, re ‘ , > , x x ‘\ , ToTEepa TOV Bia aehopevov EXELY 7 TOV TOLNTamEVOV
X va 7) mpudpevov KexTno Oar.
Winning Ways of Cyrus
Tovadra pev 57 mo\d\a éhdder 6 Kdpos: reédos dé e x , 3 A 0 aa be / \ 5) A n pev pntTnp amndOe, Kipos d€ Katéueve Kal avTov eTpEPETO. KAL TAXY [LEV TOLS NALKLOTALS TUVEKEKPATO @OTE oiKElws SiaKetcPar: Tayd Se Tovs maTépas
tA eee) \ \ » 3d Y r) , AUT@V AVHPTHTO, TPOTLWY Kal EvONAOS OV OTL HoTA- Cero avT@y TOUS vies, WaTE, EL TL TOU Bactéws
, x nw 5 4 aA if) nw d€owTo, Tovs Tatoas eKéXevoy Tod Kupov Setcbar diarpagacbat odiow. 6 d€ Kdpos, ei déowr7o avtov ol matdes, Oia THY hiiavOpwriav Kal dirotiniav mept TavTos €mrovetTo SuaTparrec Oa.
Kat 6 “Aatudyns, 6 Tt d€oiTo avtov 6 Kupos, ovdev > /, > la \ > / \ ‘\ > eOvVATO avTexe fu) OV yapilerAar. Kat yap aobe-
7 ) La! 5 4 > / XN , » | \ VHTAVTOS AVTOV, OVSETOTE ATEAELTE TOV TATTOV OVE
, Cae , : \ A > A Y e KAdwv ToTé Eravero, ANA OHAOS Hv TAC OTL UITEpE-
A 7 exe lh > /, A \ 3 \ poBetro wy ol 6 TamToSs aTofavy: Kal yap EK VUKTOS
¥ , > , nw 5 , n El Tivos SéoLTO Aotuadyns, tpatos noOavero Kupos
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ATTIC PROSE
\ , > , > , c , 9 Kal mavTwv aoKVoTaTa aveTyOa VaINpEeTHoOwY O TL oloiro yapietoOar, WoTE TaVTaTAacW avEKTYOATO TOV *AoTuayyp.
Hunting
FEN ‘ A > \ » > , A Ve “ a
Kal tayvd pev els TO toov adixeto TH tmrmuKH Tots nd ‘ \ / \ es a Y*¥ \ mrEt, TAXY SE Tapyer did TO Epay Tov Epyov, TaYDd
\ oS a , , > , , \ dé Ta €v TH Tapadeiow Onpia avyroxe Sudkwv Kal
, \ 4 v c > 4 > ae Bad\wv Kat KaTtakaivwr, wate 0 “Aotudyns ovKeT eiyev adT@ ovddéyew Onpia. Kat 6 Kupos, aiaGo- pevos ott Bovdopevos ov dvvaiTd ot CavTa moda
, ad \ > ent Ss / / A mapeyew, eXeye mpos avtov, “2 mame, Ti oe det , lal , a? oy. > SSN De AY , Onpia Cnrovvta mpayywar exew ; add’ €av ewe Exirep- SnaN , \ A , ak 4 ay , ms émt Onpav crv T@ Oeiw, voutd, 60a av tow Onpia, euol Tavta tpéperOar. émiuuady dé opddpa e€révar ae ® ‘\ , > 4fy? ¢€ 7 a 3 4 Ad emt THY Onpav, ovKel’ dpoiws imapew edvvato worrep la ¥ > zie / f, > \ / Tats wy, add’ OKyNpoTEpov TpoTHEL* ov yap mpooyHEL » el 47) LOot Ed KaLpOS ELD.
"Enel 8° otv eyvw 6 *Aatudyns ofddpa avrov > “a” + A” > 7 5 XN ‘\ aA t2 émiOupovvra e€w Onpar, exméutrer abtov ovv TO Delw
‘\ , , 37? y /
Kal dvv\akas oupTEeuter eb imrwv mpeoButépous, 4 > XN lal a 4 > XN \ > OTws aTo TOY SvTXapiov PuddTTOLY avTOV Kal El TOV ayplov TL pavein Onpiwv. 6 ovv Ktpos Tav €7o- pevav tpolvpas emuvOdvero, motors ob xpy Onpious / \ a \ a / a ? medale Kal mota ypy Oappovvta didKew. ot 6 ¥ y ” \ »¥ , Ekeyov OTL apkTo. Te ToAdOds YON TANoLacavTas
/ \ , ld ‘\ / SuepOepay Kat Kadmpou Kat NéovTes Kal Tapdahes,
e Muy. XN , \ ec + 3 a ¢c at dé Ehadou Kal SopKades Kal ol aypiot oles Kal OL »” cy > “ > » \ ‘ ea Ovol Ol aypior dowels ciow. Edeyov 6€ Kal TOUTO,
Tas Suvoywpias Oru Séou hurdrrerOar ovdev Hrrov 7
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\y CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 9
‘ , . \ »” 5 lal r Y Ta Onpia: modovs yap NON avTOLS Tols UTTOLS KaTa- Kpnpvic Ojva. \ c =~ , ~ 5 , , Kat 6 Kupos mavra tavta éuavOave Tpobvpas: 5 ¥” ws d€ eldev EXadhov exmndjoacay, TavTwV émLdafo- ae » 280 > \ »” ¢ A a y pevos av ykovsev ediwKker, ovdev ao Opav 7) OmOL » 4 “A > ~” e y , > epevye. Kal TwWS SuaTynd@v avT@ 6 tmmos TinTe Ets yovata kal puKpov KaKewor eferpayyduoev. ov pHV > ie , c “ , etd > 7 add’ ereuewev 0 Kupos polis Tws Kat wos e€aveorn. ws S€ Eis TO TEdLov NAOEV, akovTicas KaTaBalre THY ¥ ~ , Ehadov, kahdv Te XpHua Kat peya. Via A: Kai 6 pev 51 vrepéxaipev ot d€ pvhakes tpoce- >” a Adcavtes éhovddpou avrov Kai Edeyov eis oboy KUW- ¥ ae A > na ¢ > ra Suvov €\Oou Kat ehacav KaTEpely avTov. Oo ovv Kupos eloTy KEL KaTAaBEBNKaS Kal AkKOVY TAUTA AVLATO. WS ¥ A y ry &° nodeto kpavyns, aveTnonoey ETL TOV LTTOV WaTTEp évOovoiav, Kal ws Eldev EK TOU aVTIOU KAT POV TpoO- hepomevor, avtios ehavver Kal SiaTEewapevos eVaTOXMS BadXex eis 75 pérwrov Kal KaTéoye TOV KaTpoV. A ¥ a A A "Evtav0a pévtor non Kat 6 Oetos abt@ €dowdopetro, DY 4 c “ aA > > “~ 4 Tv OpacityTa opav. Oo 6° avtov owWopoupevou 7 3 rf 9 Sa% 4 ~ bias > re OMws E€d€lTO, OTA avTOS EAaBeE, TAVTA EATaL ELOKOpI- cavta Sovvar TO TaTTH. Tov O€ Hetov Eire dacw, "ANN Fv aicOyrar oti édlwKes, 0} col pdvov ho.do- , > \ \ > Loe, » Fe, ty eC , pyoerat, ahha Kat Emol, ort oe evwv. Kau nv Bov- Anta, pavar avTov, pactiywodTw, émedav ye eyo nan > “A XN , > , ¥” oy Co 60 avT@. Kal ov ye, el Bove, Epy, @ Dele, Tipwpy- Gapevos TATA, Ouws YaApioai mor. Kal Oo Kva€apys , an > , Y , \ N peo. TedevT@v etre, Iloier omws PBovder: ov yap al an A > = vouv ye nav eorxas Baowdevs €ivat.
IO ATTIC PROSE
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9 \ cal , Ovtw 5) 6 Kipos eickouioas ra Onpia edidov nw ¥ ty a
TET@ TaTTH Kal Edeyey OTL adTds TadTa OnpdceLer
> , \ ‘ > , > , \ ¥ 4 EKEWM. KAaL TA AkKOVTLA EEdElKVY fev Ov, KaTeOnkE \ c , 9 ¥” \ , »” c \ € 7aTwpeva orov wero Tov madmrov opera. 6 dé > A , » 5 PAX > a Py la \ Aaruayns apa elmer, , @ Tat, d€xomar pev
¥» c , 9 \ , > , , 4 eywye nd€ws doa od Sidws, ob pévTor Séomal ye
9 \ “~ TOUTwY OvdEVOS WOTE GE KWdUVEvEW. Kal 6 Kvpos ¥ > 4 ‘A \ / e 4 > , 5 ‘ ef, Et rowuy py od dée, ixeredw, & waare, enor 9 A an > d0s al’Td, OTws ToLs HAuKLdTaLS éya dado. *AAN, ® tat, eon 6 Aotudyns, Kat radTa haBav SiadidSov
oTw od Bovde Kal Tov addAwv drdca Hédes.
A Grand Hunting Party
Kai 6 Kipos \aBav édidou re dpas rots mauot Kal 7 ¥ 9S la ec » > Lan y \ ana eheyev, °O, waides, as dpa ébr\vapovper bre Ta &v T@ Tapadelow Onpia eOnpduev: dpovov Eovye A > ar » , an , doxet elvar oldvrep el tis SeSeucva faa Onpon. lal \ \ “A / > ‘\ TPWTOV [LEV Yap EV [LLKP@ Ywpiw Av, emerta emTa \ , \ XN \ ee \ io \ ‘ Kat Wopahea, Kal TO perv aiTav yodov hv 7d Se / \ > =) lal ad sf lal , kohoBov: ta d €v Tots dpeou Kat eydou Onpia, e \ \ c \ /, e \ bs 3 / as me Kala os O€ peydha as Sé hurapa édaivero. \ ¢ \ ¥ 4 ‘\ 4 \ ‘\ Kal at pev elahou womTEep mrnVval 4AovTO T™pOs TOV > , c \ , WA ‘\ + \ ovpavov, ot O€ KdmpoL, waTEP ToS avdpas dact \ > 5) 4 c Ie > / cn \ A , Tovs avopEeLous, Oo“oce Eh€povTo: v7d dé THS mAaTv- > wl e lal 4) > 4 3 lal , va THTOS OVSE duapTely ody 7 Av abtav. Kaddia On, ep, Euouye Soxet Kal teOvnkdra evar Tadra 4 Covra EKEWG TA TEPLWKOOOLNLEVA. "ANN dpa dv, éby, adetey kai tuas ot TATEPES emt Oypav; Kai padi av, ep i “Aorud mt Onpavr ; L pgolws y av, epacay, el Aotuayns
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON rt
Kehevor. Kal 0 Kupos etme, Tis ody dv uty Aotudye. prnolen; Tis yap av, épavar, cov ye ikavdtepos metoar; “Adda pra Tov Ata, edn, éy@ pev ovK otd° dotis avOpwros yeyévnuar: ov5é yap olds T eipi héyew eywye, ov0 avaBdérev mpds Tov TamTov éK nw ¥ » , xX \ la > nw Tov toov eT. Ovvapat. Hv d€ ToToUTOY é€7LdLO00, dédorKa, eby, py) Tavtdmacr BraE tis Kat HdLAvos me - , X ¥ / oy EY a yévopar’ madapiov dé wv, Sewdtatos hadetv ddKouv eval. Kal ol Tatdes etmov, Ilovypdv héyers TO Tpaypa, > Nia elo 2% G la x , , , > 2 El unde UTEP Nav, av TL O€n, SuVHTEL Tpatrew, ad y XN \ RX Nye: , y¥ A e fal adXov Twos TO ETL GE avayKy EoTaL eto Oar Has. ‘Akovoas d€ tavta 6 Kutpos édyyOn, Kai ovyh $ POS eo oy aTehOav, duakehevodpevos EavT@ Torpar, eiondOer, o) 4 4 x b) , , aA XN N emtPovhevoas Omws av ahumdtata Elmo. Tpdos TOV TamTOV Kal OvraTpakeevy AUT@ TE Kal TOs TaLolY oP 390 7 » > a m2? , ¥ > , éd€ovto. npEaTo ovv Ode. Eimé pou, édy, © wane, y be) a lal > ~ ‘ 4 3 / / nv Tis amoopa oe Ta oiKeTav Kal haByns avdrov, TL aiT@ xpynoe; Ti adddo, edn, ) SHoas epydlerbar > ets x \ SaaS; , + A , avayKaow; “Hy dé adrouaros tahw €hOn, Tas Touy- , /, Y > \ , 4 \ dO J oes; Ti d€, edn, i py) pactrydoas ye, Wa py avis la lan 3 b) an , y » YY ¢ TovTO Tron, Ef apyns xpyHoopar; “Apa av, epn 6 A N , » Y , Kupos, cot tapackevalecOar ein, OTH paotiye@cets ¢ , 4 9 b) ww \ ‘\ pe, ws Bovievopat ye dmws oe atodp@ haBav Tovs A ¥ nucidtas emt Oypav. Kat 6 Aatuayys, Kadds, ey, ) 7 v2 » , ¥ = , eroingas mpoeTtov’ evdolev yap, edn, atayopetw A y co. wy KWweisIar. yapiev yap, edn, el Evexa Kpea- , ~ x \ a ’ Ze diwv TH Ovyarpi tov Talda droBovKolno a. > , an ¢ an 3 , \ Ny Akovoas tavrTa 6 Kupos, émeifeto ev Kal Eewer, al la , aviapos S€ Kal okvOpwmds dv ciwTy Sijyev. 6 pevToe
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ATTIC PROSE
’ , oeaN es Se SCS ERN , > A Aotudyns, €mel eyvw avrov AvTovpevov toxupas, , > Lal / 5 z 5 \ 4 ‘\ Bovhopevos ait@ yapilerOar e€ayer emit Oypav, Kat ‘ ‘ \ c 4 4 ‘\ x melovs moAXovs Kal imméas ovvartioas Kal Tovs Tatas, Kal ouvehdoas eis Ta tmmdowa ywpia Ta Onpia €rotnoe peyahynv Oypav. \ “ \ ‘\ > / > / , Kat Baoitxas 6) tapav adres, amnyopeve pndeva Badrdew rpiv Kvpos éumdnobein Onpav. 6 dé Kipos ovk ela Kwdvew, add’, Et Bovra, edn, @ marTe, e , la) »” ‘\ > 93 \ , , nodews pe Onpav, aes Todvs KaT ewe TavTas SidKew kal duaywvilerOar omws ekaotos Kpatiota S¥vairo. 5 way Nw GD , > 7 : \ \ “2.4 evrav0a 5) 6 ’Aotudyns adinot, Kat aoras eOearo e , 3 A \ / ‘\ “ ‘\ authiouevous ert Ta Onpia Kat didoverkovvTas Kat 7 \ 2) P ‘ ra 7 5 SuKovtas Kal akovtilovras, kat Kvpw ndeto ov , ig ve. \ “A e A b) > 7 , Swapeva oiyav vrd THS OovAS, GAN womep cKVaKL la 2 ip ce if , 4 ‘\ yevvatw davakddalovte omdre mAnovdlor Onpio, Kat an \ la \ TapakahovyTe dvopagTl EKacTOV. Kal TOD Mev KaTa- la CN c Las b) 7 ‘\ be \ yehavta abroy dpav evppatveto, Tov O€ TWA Kat > La! 5 \ > , ~) bes “ A emawovvta avrov yoOdvero odd OrwaT.ovy POovepas. , > > \ pre iy Gav) , 3 rs téhos 5 ovv wo\ha Onpia Exov o “Aotvayns amen. Kai 70 Xourdv ov noOn tH TOTE Onpa, woTE ai TO NotTov ovTws noOn TH TOTE Bypa, woTE. D4 Pca , a/ > y / Led , \ tAX Gel, OTOTE OlOV T Ein, TUVEEHEL TO KUpq@, Kat addovs X A te To\Novs wapedapBave Kal Tods Tatdas Kvpou 4 ‘ \ \ io / Y PS) A evexa. Tov pev Oy TAELaTOY ypovoyv oUTW dLNyeEV A lal A aA , 6 Kipos, tacw ndovns pev Kal wyafov Twos ouvai-
» aA Ov AS , TLOS WY, KAKOU de OUVOEVOS.
Cyrus returns Home
KauBvaons S¢ 6 tod Kupou tratnp ndeTo pev truv- Pavouevos tadra, ere 8 nKovoev epya avdpds non
CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 13
, \ aA i > , , 9 ‘\ 3 Suaxerpiloprevov Tov Kupov, amexahet oy, OTWS TA EV Tépoais emiywpia eritedoin. Kat 6 Kupos d€ évtav0a héyerau eiwety ore amévat Bov\o.T0, wy O TaTHp TU »¥ \ e / ia ‘\ eS) 4 axOouwro Kai 4 TOS péndouTo. Kal T@ “AoTUaye
5 O€ ESdKer EvaL avayKatoy atoTéuTev avroyv. evOa \ 4 > ax \ ra SSN > 7 A 67 trmovs TE avT@ Sovs OVS avTOSs EmeDVmer haBeww Kal dANa ovcKEvacas TOANG eTEUTE, Kal Oia TO udev SEN \ ¢& > , »” , 3 Cre. »” avrov Kal dua é\ridas e€yov peyddas év abto, avdpa A e x XN , > Re be | \ b) A exec ban ixavov Kai hirous apedew Kat €xPpous aviar. > 4 \ ‘\ A , 4 \ 10 Amudvta d€ Tov Kupov mpovmeutov amavtes Kat aD \ 4 ‘s ‘\ » XN , > bi AZZ TaLses Kal WALKES Kal avopEs Kal yépovTes Eh UTTMV S49 , Ses \ 2a7 ¥ Y > 3 Kat “Agtuadyns avTos, Kat ovdéva epacav ovtw ov 4 + eee 2 4 \ wn \ > ‘\ , SaxpvorT amoatpéperbar. Kat Kopov d€ avrov héeye- > A 4 > Las \ \ Tat avy modhots Saxpvots admoxwpnaa. moda Se an an , ye a e , eo 15 bapa Siadovvat dagw avtov Tots yAiKwwTats av > , > “~ 3 4 / \ ‘\ A iy Aotudyns atta ededeéxer, TéXos O€ Kal qv ElyE \ a oN ~ ty aTo\ny THY Myduxny exdvvTa Sovvai Twi, SyrA@V OTL Tovrov padiota noTalero. \ la Tovs petro aBovtas Kat Se€apevovs Ta Sopa 20 héyera “Aorudye ameveyKetv, “Aotudynv dé de€a-
4 > rp XN \ , 3 7 pevov Kipw amomepyar, Tov d€ mahw Te aroTréupar eis Myjdovs Kal eizew, Et Boviea, @ mamTe, Ewe Kat D0 Eble e€ NS \ > , A ¥y ¥ ~ adOus iva. @s oe py aloyuvopevor, ea Exe EL TH
=) Ss 45) > , de lal > , Tu €yw dedwKa* “Aotvayny O€ TavTAa aKkovoavTa 25 Toncar waomep Kupos énéoredev.
He resumes the Persian Discipline
‘O pev 87 Kipos ovtws ae Oav év Tlépoais éviav- A \ Tov héyerau Ev TOls TaLoW ETL yever Oar. Kat TO meV
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~ e A » “ny € c a > Mp@Tov ol Taioes EaKwWTTOV av’TOV, ws NOvTabety év
4 \ cd > \ \ \ on , p pee Mydors pepabynkas HKou eel O€ Kal €oPlovra avTov Edpav w@oTEP Kal avTol Hows Kai TivovTa, Kal Et
> > ¢ ~ b) / , b) / lal ToT €v €opTH Evwxia yevoiTo, emLdLOdvTa paddov avTov TOU EavTOD pépous HaVavoVTO 7) TpoTdEdpeEVOr, Kal mpos Tovrois d€ TaANa KpaTioTevovTa avToV Edpov éavTav, evtav0a O17 mdhw varémTnTTOY av’T@ ot 7AuKes.
"Eel 6€ SueAOav tHv madelav TavTyV Hy eiondOev 5 x 5 / > 4 > > / fe els Tovs epy ous, ev TovToLs ad eddKEL KpaTLaTEvELY Kal pelerov & ypHnv Kal KapTepav Kal aldovpevos
4 lal >”
Tovs mpeoButépous Kat mrefdpevos Tots apxovor.
Designs of the King of the Assyrians
IIpoudvros d€ Tov xpovou 6 pev “AoTudyns ev Tots Mydous avofvycker, 6 6€ Kva€dpys 6 Tod “Aatudyous Tats, THS d€ Kudpov pytpos adeddpds, THY Bacrdreiay ¥ \ , exye THY Mydwr.
‘O 6€ tav ’Acovpiov Bactheds KaTtaoTpepapevos
\ , , la 4, e 4 \ pev mavtas Xvpous, prov Taprodv, vayKoov Se
/ \ > , , ¢ if de TeTonmevos Tov “ApaBiwv Bacid€a, vanKoovs O€ aod eS) X\ ¢ , r nw be \
Eywv dn Kal Tpkaviouvs, mohvopKov d€ Kal Bak- “ 3 , > ‘ / » la if tpiovs, evouilev, ei Tos Mydovs acbeveis Towjoese, TavTwv ye Tov TépLE padiws apEew: iaxupdratov my A 5 \ , nr 286 > id on yap Tov eyyvs PvAwy ToUTO edoKE ElvaL. OVTW ON Suaméumer mpos TE TOUS Um av’Tov mdvTas Kal mpos Kpotoov tov Avoav Baoitéa Kat mpds Tov Kama-
8 a \ x , > / \ SS oKaV Kal TpOS Ppvyas audotéepovs Kat zpos IlapAa-
, A ts ‘ bs X al \ , a
yovas Kal “Ivdods Kai mpos Kapas kat Kiduxas. ot
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 15
pev 0 Tots oyous TELGopevor OUppaxtay avT@ éo- oUVTO, ot O€ Kal SWpots Kal ypyHpacw avartre.OopevoL’ TOAAG Yap Kal TOLAVTA HY AUTO.
Cyrus takes Command of a Persian Army
, we aa / i > A nag ae! , Kvagapns d€ 6 Tov “Aotudyous tats mel yoOavero \ \ \ lal Tv T eTuBovdnVY Kal THY TAapAacKEUHY TOV TUYLOTG- 7, 3 3) Fe 4 b) , >) , 4 =} Ve > peor ed éeavTdv, avtos Te eVOEws Coa edvVaTO avTI- TmaperkevaleTo, Kat els Ilépoas erenme mpds TE TO N \ \ = , \ \ 3 \ ¥ Kowdv Kal mpos KapBvonv tov tHv adehdyy exovTa ‘\ Be > Ta kat Baovrevovta ev Ilépoats. » \ ‘ XN a /, > lal Emeute S€ kat mpds Kupov, dedpuevos avrod met- pacha apxyovta éeOey tov avdpar, et Twas TEUTOL oTpatiotas TO Hepoa@y Kowdv. on yap kat 6 Kdpos, \ \ E) A Spha7 , ¥ > A duateTeAeKw@s Ta ev Tols epHBos Séka ern, ev Tors = 9 a TedElois avdpdow Hv. ovTw 57 deEapevov Tov Kvpou ot Bovdevortes yepaitepor aipovvTar avtov apyxovTa ™s els Mydous otparias.
He marches to Media
lal c Kipos d€ mpocevEdpevos Eotia matpeqa Kat Av A y A Ta \ TaTp@w Kal Tols addous Beots wppato emt THY OTpa- Telav, OuuTpovTEeuTE S€ avTOY Kal O TaTHP. €7ELdy dé €€w THS olklas eyevovTo, h€yovTat doTpaTral Kat Bpovtat aire ator yeréobar. tovtwv d& pavérvtwy 3 ON » ¥ > , 3 , e 207 ovdev ado ETL oiwrlopevor emopevovTo, ws ovdeva Ajoovta 7a TOV peylotov Heov onpeta. a lal ,
Kat adixovto pév péexpe TOV Opiwy THs Tepatdos : > x > > A > A 5 \ \ A met © avtots deTos Seis havets TponyetTo, Tpocev-
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, lal pd a , a ,
Eduevor Beois kat npwor tots Ilepoida ynv Katéyou- Y \ > “ , “A Y , ow tdews Kal edpevets TEUTEW OAs, oUTW d1é8awor
, ¢ > \ \ , , > Ta Opia. Emeidy dé SieLBnoav, TpornvdyxovTo avbis Beots tots Mydiav ynv Karéyovow thews Kal evpevels déyeaIar adrovs. Tavra d€ Toijyoavtes, doTAcd-
b) , Wr 4 > / c ‘ LN , > pevor aA\AnAOUS WOTEP, ELKOS, O EY TaTHP, TAadW Els Tow ame, Kopos dé eis Mydous zpos Kvaédpnv ETOPEVETO.
"Eel 5€ adixero 6 Ktpos eis Mydous mpos tov Kvaéapnv, mpatov pév woTep ElKOS HoTACaVTO a\dyAous, ererta S€ Hpero TOV Kupov 6 Kva€apns,
, »¥ XV / a \ »v 4 TOTFOV ayo. TO oTpaTevpa. 6 dé Edy, Tpropupious
4 aA \ 7 5 / X\ e A pe ye, oc kat mpdcbev Ehoitwy mpds vas puoOo- dopo. addou O€ Kal TOY ovdémote €€eOdvTwv poo”
EpxXovTar TOV OMOTiLaV. @e
Capture of Sardis
K ‘S , \ > A M 45 ¥ X , vafapns pev ovv Tov Mydwv eywv 76 TpiTov , / e de \ ” ¥ ¥ e de pépos KaTeuevev, WS NOE TA OlKOL Epnua Ely. 6 O€ Kipos émopeveto ws HdvvaTo TdyLOTA. eS tA ~ ‘\ +) \ ig y b ~ Kpotoos pevtor evods eri Ydpdewy Efevye adv TO , \ >» A Y 30 7 oTparevpate: Ta O ada Pvda oor Ed¥vaTO TPOTw- TATw €V TH VUKTL THS €@ OlKOY Od0U EKacTOS ame 4 > oy de € / Seek AD Sra , 5 xope. e7edn O€ Nuépa eyevero, evOus emt Lapdets hye Ktpos. ws 0 éyévero mpos T@ Teixer TO EV ys , 8 / \ = , e€ “A x Lapdect, Tas TE wNYavas avioTn ws TpoT Bahay TpOsS cal a“ \ Td Telyos Kal KNipaKkas TaperKkevalero. Tavra Oe TOLOV KATA TA ATOTOLaTAaTAa SoKoUYTA EivaL TOU Lap-
ep b] , ”~ 3 4 XN b) , Siavav épvjatos THs émiovans vuKtos avaBu.Baler
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON £7
Xaddalovs re kat H€poas. ayjoato 8 avrots avyp , la rd nw lal Ilépons, Sodhos yeyernuévos tav ev TH akpordhe ~ \ TWOs Ppovpov Kat KaTapenabnkas katadBaow eis TOV ToTapov Kal avaBaow THY avTHy. ‘0 8 > / A ond 9 x a \ »¥ s 0 é€y€vero TovTO Oy dov, OTL ELyeTO TA aKpa, , Ni ¥ ec ‘\ 5 ‘ lol an ¢ mavtes On Epevyov of Avdol amd TeV TELYoY OTOL 5 , 4 la , ral \ 7 A édvvato exaaTos THS Toews. Kidpos dé aya Ty nuepa elone els THY TOW Kal Tapyyyeey ex THS 4 7 A ¢ \ ” tagews pndeva kweicOa. 6 dé Kpotoos Karaxkhet- oapevos €v Tots Bacrrelors, Kvpov €Bda- 6 dé Kupos lal A , , , oS \ Tov pev Kpoicov dvdakas xatéhivev, avdtos b€ Kata- OTpatoTedevoas Tovs EavTov O7oU eddKEL TO EmtTY- devoTarov civar THS Toews, pevew emt Tots mots \ A TApyyyeie Kal aproroTro.eta Bar.
Cyrus and Croesus 3
Tavra d€ diampatauevos ayayew éxélevoe avTo peels tad f Ss A c ‘ ~ oles lol Tov Kpotcoy. 6 d€ Kpotaos ws ide tov Kipor, Xaipe, @ Sé€orota, Efy* TovTO yap 7H TUyYN Kal éyew Pe? ore D face Sid RKP a ‘\ > ‘\ an aN X\ ‘ b) \ , TO a7O ToVde Sidwor col Kal éuol Tpoo~ayopeveuv. \ , » > A 5 7 »¥ 4 , Kat ov ye, én, ® Kpotoe, éreitep avOpwroi ye > > , ee ¥ > a a> > » , €opev auporepo. arap, epyn, ® Kpoice, ap’ av Ti pot Cehyjoas TupBovrevoar; Kat Bovdoipyny y’ a, Y > A > , , OR Ge, an x a epn, @ Kipe, ayafoy ti cou evpew: TovTo yap av oimar ayaloy Kapot yevérOa. ¥ , ¥” > A SAS ‘ A ee Axovaov Toivur, egy, @ Kpotice: éyo yap dpav TOUS OTpaTi@tas TOANA TeTOVYNKOTAS Kal TONG KE KivOuveuKoTas Kal vuv vouilovras mohkw éyew THY movolptaryy &v 7 “Acia pera BaBviava, a&@
ATTIC PROSE— 2
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ATTIC PROSE
> ~ ‘ 7 , , » ehenOjva Tovs oTpaTidtas. yryvooKw yap, Edy, Oru et py Twa Kaprov AjovTat TV Téver, ov SuV7- gopuat avtovs Toddy ypdvov TELMopevous Exew. Siap-
, ‘ > > als A \ , > , Taoal ev ovv avtors edeivar THY OLY OV BovAopat: , ‘ / 4 > 8 A ~ » ~ Thy Te yap Tow vouilw ay diadGapynva, & TE TH apmayn €0 oid O67 ol movnpdorato. meoveKTy- oelay ay.
"Akovoas Tavta 6 Kpotoos ehe€ev, “ANN Eu, edn, éacov é€ar mpds ods ay éyw Avdav €fédw, ort Siavémpaypar Tapa cov mH TonTa apTayny pnde 7 A A A , eacar ddan Onvar watdas Kat yuvatkas, VrecxXounv 6€ cour avti tovTwv, 7 phy wap éxdvtay Avdav = a ” ‘ > , > > , éxeobar wav 6 Tt Kadov Kayabdv éotw & Lapdecw. hv yap TavTa akovowow, o10 ore H&E wor TAY O TU > ‘ > 4 A ~ Ca A A , \ éotiv &vOdde Kahdv KTHwa avdpt Kal yuvaLKl* Kal ec , > /, “” \ lal , Gpolws els véewra Tokhk@v Kat Katov mahkw cot
, c , ¥ FY \ , \ ¢ amdypns 7 modus eotar: Hv dé Siaprdoys, Kai at réxvar Gol, as mnyds dact TaV Kahav elvar, dvepOap- , ¥ Ss 7 , > , ‘ > , péevar ecovtar. e€é€atar d€ aor iddvt. Ta €Oovta, er. Kal wept THS apmayns Boviedcacba. mpaTov dé, edn, emi Tods euods Onoavpods wéumE Kal Trapa- hapBavérwoay ot got dvAakes Tapa TaY enor duidKov.
Tatra pev d9) amavta ovTw cuvyvere ToLvew O Kupos, womep edeEev 6 Kpoioos.
Tvs. ceavtév
Tade 6€ por Tavtws, edn, Kpotoe, h€€ov, Tas cot 5 , ‘ 5 ~ 5 ~ , ‘A amoBéBnke 7a €x Tou ev AedXdhots xpnaTypiov: got
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 19
yap Sn héyerar wavy ye TeHeparevacbar 6 “A7o\AwY Kal o€ TavTa exetvw TELPouevov mparreL,. "EBovddpnv ovv, edn, & Kupe, ov7ws exew* vor 6€ mavra Tavavtia edOds €€ apyns TpatTTwy Tpoonvex Onv to “Amod\Aw. las 5€; &fn 6 Kupos: didacke: , X , 4 9 an , ¥ mavu yap mapadokéa eyes. “Ott mpa@Tov per, edn. > , > iis x , ¥ > , > , Gpetnoas epwrav Tov Gedy, et Te ededunv, aTEeTELpO- > A > , > , ~ , ¥ \ pnv avtov ei Svvaito adyOevew. Tovro dé, edn, pH ort Beds, dMAA Kai avOpwror Kahol Kayaboi, éredav yroow amioTovpevot, ov diiovar Tovs aTiaToOUVTAS. €mel pevTo. eyvw Kat pada atoTa €0v ToLovvTOS \ , a Sir 3 Y \ , \ Kal mpdaw Aedhav az€xortos, ovtw 67 TéuTw Tept , a , x \ a >Q:> > , maldwv. 6 dé por 70 wey Tpa@TOV ovd azEKpWwaTo: > ‘ = ae Der. X \ , > , 7 emai 0 ey Toda pev TéuTev avalypata ypvoa mo\\a 8 apyupa, maymod\da d€ Ovar, é&itacdunv TOTe avTOV, ws €dOKOUY, TOTE SH fol aAToKpiveTaL epwravte Ti av por Toujoav7e Taldes yévowTo: 6 Sé > = »¥ ‘ > id , NOe ‘ NOE €imev OTL EGOWTO. Kal eyevovTo MEV, OVOE yap ovdE ai > / , \ caNB! ¥ aA ‘ TovTo éWevaato, yevopevor S€ ovdev @rvngay. 6 pe ‘ ‘ x / a \ 4 , > yap Kwdds dv Sdieré\a, 6 SE apiotos yerouevos ev akpn tov Biov amdXezo. TlueLopevos Sé€ tais epi tovs twaidas cupudopats Tahw TéuTw Kal émepwr@ Tov Oeov, Ti av ToLwy TOV Aowrov Blov evdaipovérrara Siarede€oayi: 6 S€ pow
> , ameKpivaro, Savrov yryveockxwy evdaipwv, Kpoice, repacets.
> ‘ ,\ 3 , x , 4 > , ‘ Ey 8€ dxovoas Thy pavteiay Hany: Evourlov yap 70 pag7dév por avtov stpoora€arvTa THY evdatpoviav
20 ATTIC PROSE
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, » \ \ , nN A ar diddvat. addovs pev yap yryvdoKew, Tos pev otdv > > \ ihe, c \ , 9 > , , \ T evar Tovs © ov éavTov d€ OoTIS oT, TaYTA TL_Va aa »” > 7 ‘ \ \ las \ evouilov avOpwrov eidévar. Kal TOv peta TavTa Oy Kpovor, Ews pev Elyov Novyiav, ovdev Evexadovy peTa 7 an ‘\ , A“ 4 3 \ ») > Tov TOD Tatoos Oavatov Tats TUXaLS* EmrELON O€ aveE- , eX n°? , Supa De, as , metcOnv bro Tov Acoupiov eh vas otpateverBar, > / 4 > > / , > ‘\ eis TavtTa Kivdvvoy HAOov: é€cwOnv pévtor ovdéev Kkaxov haBav. ovK aiti@par dé ovde Tade TOY Oedv. eel yap €yvev euavroyv py iKkavoy vuiv payeorOat, > na A las n~ 5 ~ ‘\ 96% ‘\ ec acparas ovv T@ Oe@ amnhOov Kat avTos Kat ot ouv €0l. Now 8 av wahw v70 te trovToV TOU TapovToS diabpuTToj.evos Kal UO TOV Seopévwy ov TpooTaTHv , \ cient a 8 , pe 2618 , \ yevécbar Kai vrd Tov Sépwv Gy €didoddy por Kal e > 3 4 9 4 ¥ ¢ "3 3 \ vm avOparav, ot pe KohakevovTes eAeyov ws El eyw > , »” /, x 3 ‘\ / ‘ 4 Sa Fe GIR 2) me\MowTo Kal pe yiotos av einv avOpdrwv, b7d ToLodTwy Sé Adywv dvagvodpevos, @s ethovTd pe TavTes ot KUKA@ Bact Mets TpooTaryyv TOV Tod€nov, UTEdeEdpyy THY OTpa- x an THnyliav, ws iKkavos wy péytoTtos yeréoBal, ayvoar \ lal ¥ > dpa €“avTov, OTL Tol avTiTOAEMEW LKaVOS wENY EivaL, rn \ > wn , ¥ \ ‘ /, Tpatov ev €x Deay yeyovdrt, emeita 6€ d1a Baoii€éwy Tehvkorl, Emerta O ek TALOOS ApETHVY aoKOUVTL’ TOV 6 éuayv Tpoyovev akovw Tov TpaTov BacievoavTa 4 /, aN 4, , a 3 > dua Te Baciréa kat €XevOepov yevéer bar. Tadr ovv > 4 / ¥ ¥ \ 4 dyvojaas, dikaiws, edn, exw THY Sixny. —~ ¥ > A "AX viv 57, Eby, & Kdpe, yeyvookw pev emavTov: ov 8, edn, Soxets ert adnfevoew Tov AOA, ws 5 al eVOaiwv ecouat yuyydcKkav ewavtov; oe 8 EpaT@
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 21
5 = A y » >» § A > 2 A 3
La TOUTO, OTL apLtaT av por SoKels ElKaoaL TOUTO ev Re , \ \ A
T® TapovTL’ Kal yap OvvacaL TOLnCAL.
Evéatpovia
\ e 7A > re ‘\
Kat 6 Ktpos eize, Bovdjy pou dds mept rovrou, @ Kpoice: é€yw yap cov évvoay tiv tpdcbev eddar- , b A nn poviay, OiKTEipw TE OE Kal ATOOLOwpL HON yuvatka TE
»” A > \ > Exe iv elves Kal Tas Ovyarépas, dkovw yap cot eivat, \ \ , \ ‘\ , >, P, ‘ Kal Tous didovs Kal Tovs Oepatovras kal tparelav ovv 9 169) 2 , PS) , ‘ » , > A olamep eLnTe* payas 0€ Gor Kal Toh€“ovs adaipa. Ma Ata pndev roivuv, en 6 Kpotoos, od euot ért Bovdevouv aroxpivacbar wept THs ens evdatpovias : 5] \ \ nO , a na , , aA , eyo yap non cot Ey, HY TAUTA Lot TOLNONS a Eyes, 9 a ¥ , ais, Fi =F \ oTt HV addou TE prakapLwrarny evoutlov elvar BroTnv Kal €ya ouveyiyvwokov avtots, TavTnY Kal eya voy e
€ywr Oud&w. Kal 6 Kupos eize, Tis 57 6 €yxwv Tavrnv
TY pakapiav BioTnv; “H é€uy yuv7y, €
> 7 ‘ “~ ‘\ 5 “ \ “A Lal A EKEW7) Y2p TMV [LEV ayabav KQAL TMV padaKk@v KQ@L
>
imev, @ Kupe:
> A A > , oN Y A , evppocvvay Tacav e“ol 7d Loov peretye, HpovTidwv an XN 6€ Omws TadTa eotar Kal wodguov Kal payyns ov A A 9 Ny A perny avTn. ovrw 81) Kal od doxeis eué KaTacKeva- 9 3 erat.) 3 , 7, ) , Y Cew, wo7ep eyo Hv efihouvv patiota avOpdzav, wate qn » A 7@ Ato\Nwrt aX pot SOKO YapioTHpLa Odernoew. > , a A ‘ , > “A > , Axovaas €€ 6 Kipus Tods \dyous avrov, EBatvpace N X 5 7 aS \ * is 9 ‘\ aoa pev THY evOvpiav, Hye 5é 7d NouTdv OTOL Kal adTds TOpevolzo. The Taking of Babylon Ipotav d5é tHv ést BaBvi@vos Kateotpéaro pev v 3" > o” , , , \ Dpvyas Tovs €v TH peyadyn Ppvyia, kaTeoTpearo Sé
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ATTIC PROSE
Karaddxas, broxepiovs 5 éeroujoato *ApaBious. 3 , \ > XN , 4 lal ‘\ c la efém\yoe S€ amd mavTwv TovTav Tepoa@v pev imméas lal 9 “ ov petov TeTPaKLapUpiovs, TohAOVs dé tmmToUS TOV alypwahdTwr Kal TAaTL TOLS TULpayols SLedwKE* Kal mpos BaBvieva adixero mapmo\Novs pev tmTéas »” / \ , ~ 3 , Exov, TauTO\ovs 6€ TokdTas Kal akovTiaTds, oer- Sovytas Sé dvapiOunrovs. émel S€ tpds BaBvdave nv 0 Kdpos, TepieoTnoe pev Tay TO OTPaTEvpa TEpt ‘\ / ¥ > ‘ la \ / ‘ Thy TOW, ETELTA aVTOS TEpLyavvE THY TOAW GY Tois didous TE Kal EmKaLpioLs TOV TUppayoV, Kat katafeardmevos TA TEX ATHYAyE THY OTpaTLaY ard THS TOEWS. ) \ \ 4 4 e Evet O€ kateotpatomedevoavto, ocvvexddecev 6 a N ¥ Ktpos tovs émukatpiovs Kat ehe€ev, “Avdpes ovppa- , \ , \ , eee Pi, Gh, ‘ xo, TMedpefa ev KVKAwW THY TOL: eya SE, OTWS » ty fev ay TLS TELYN OUTS iaYUPA Kal Tipya TpoTpLAyX6- pevos €hot, ovK evopay pot SoK@: daw Sé Téoves »” An avOpwro. €v TH TOdEL Eloi, ereitEp od payorTaL > 4 , x FS a > \ e A eEidvtes, TooovTw av Oarrov hyw@ avrovs ryoupat e\ a ) , Sm y , ¥ , ah@vat. el wy TL ovv addov Tpomov EveTE hEyeL, , * , . 4 \ » 5 TOUT@ ToALOpKyTEovs dypt Elvar TOUS avdpas. > a Kat 6 Xpvodvras etrev, “O d€ Trotapds, epy, ovTOs 5 x v4 A , can , » Lal PY od dia pé€ons THS TOAEWS Pel TAdTos Exwy Tetov 7 ~ emt dvo orddia; Nai pa Ai’, edn 6 TwBpvas, Kat , ec 203 4 , » ec & aN A Babos ye as ovd av dvo avdpes 6 ETEpos emt TOU ETEPOV ETTNKAS TOV VOATOS UTEPEXOLEY* WOTE TH TOTA- A , lol 7 L@ ETL iayupoTépa eaTiv 7H TOS 7) TOUS TELYETL. Kat € lal n , yy > , . ia 9 o Kupos, Tavta per, epy, ® XpvoavtTa, Ewer, 07a KpeitTw é€oTl THS HueTépas Suvdpews* SiapeTpyoa-
Io
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON a
pevous d€ Xp) WS TAXLOTA TO MLEpOS EKATTOV HMaV Cory , e , \ , y dpuTTEW Tappov ws mAaTUTATHY Kat Babutaryy, OTws 4 3 2 e = las ne Ye PS) , ort ELaxioTwy Hiv TOV pviaKwy O€7.
yY x , lA \ XN A b}
Ovrw 5) KUKhw Siaperpyoas TEpl TO TELXOS, aTo- hura@v ooov rupert peyahous amo TOU ToTapLov, @puttev evbev Kat évOev tod Gers eee uae pr peyeOn Kat nye ynv ae Tp0s €avTovs. Kal TPWTOV Pev TUPYOUS ETL TH TOTAL GKOSoMEL, OTWS OTL paduora €oikot ToALopKyncew TapacKevaloneva. Jeers \ Ny, \ , SN lal b) aviatn € Kat ahdous TohAOVs TUpyous Et THS apmBo- Addos yns, O7ws OTL TAELaTA PuaKTYHpLa ELy.
a \ \ A393 3 , ¢ a A ,
Ot peév 61) Tavr’ eroiovv: of & & t@ Telyxe Kate
, A , e ¥ eS , , yehwv THS TovopKias, ws EXOVTES TA ETTHSELA TEOV elkoow €Tav. akovoas d€ TadTa 6 Kupos 76 otpa- Teva KaTe&vEpe OMOEKA EPH, WS HVA TOD EviavTOV exacTov pépos puddfov. ot 8 av BaBvddriot axov- @avres TavTa Tov ett paddov TovTwY KaTeyédav, évvoovpevor et ohas Ppvyes Kal Avool kat "Apa Bror kal Karmaddéxar duddfouev, ods odiow evourlov TavTas evpevertepous elvar 7 Wépoaus.
Kat at pev tadpor non d6pwpvypevar Hoav. 6 Oe Kupos émeidy éoptnyv év 7) BaBvd@ve nKovcer eivat, b) ® , fe! bd A , 4 \ év 7 Tavtes BaBvr@vior O\nv THY VUKTA TivovaL Kat Kwopacovo, év TAUTH, ETELON TAYLOTA TUVETKOTACE, haBav moddovs avOpadrovus averTouwce TAs TAPpous Tpos Tov ToTapov. ws O€ TOTO eyeveTo, TO VOWP
x \ / 5 te 3 a / ¢ \ ‘ “A KaTa Tas Tappous Exoper ev TH VvUKTI, H S€ Sia THS
, e€ XN 4 > , > 7 c | TOEWS OO0S TOpEVaimos avOparrots eylyveTo. ws dé TO TOV ToOTapov OVTWS ETOPaVETO, TapHnyyvnoE O
24 ATTIC PROSE
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\ “ \ > Kvpos Ilépoais yiuhidpyous Kat meCOv Kat imméwr els »¥ “A ié ‘\ dvo ayovtas THY YL\LOGTUY TapElvaL TPOS avTOV, TOUS > ¥ ? > > ‘\ , 4 & addd\ovs cuppadyouvs Kar ovpay tovtav emer Oat e , 0 la aA ‘\ o7, “A aA de nmep mpoabev TeTaymEevous. ot ev On TapHnaav: 6 de lal ~ 4 kataBiBdoas eis TO Enpodv TOV ToTApLoOVU TOVs UINpETas \ \ AL , 5 , , > Kat melovs Kal imméeas, exehevoe oKesaoOar El Topev- TLLoOV Ely TO Edados TOU TOTAMLOD. Ee ‘\ de > , \ A / »” 5 vO Tel O€ aTHYyELAav OTL TOpEvoLmoV Eln, EvTAVOa A a 57) €ropevovTo: Tv O€ ATavTaVTwY ot pEev aTreOvyTKoY , aA > ¥ , »¥ aA > S / e TaLomevol, ol O Epevyov Tadrw Elow, ot 5 EBdwv: ot > > ‘\ x 4 , > “A e SY dS audit tov TwaBpvav cuveBdwy advrots, as KopacTat »” \ > 7 Nee om gia se72 , che IN ovTes Kal avTol: Kal idvTes H COUVaVTO TaXLOTA Ertl ts Bactdetous éyev Lot wev ovv T® Tw8pva Tots Bacdelous €yevovTo. Kal Ol MeV OUP TE pve , INS kal Tadara teraypevou Kexhecopevas evploKovor TAs awn , fd mUAas TOU Bacidelov: ot O emt Tovs dvAakas TayOe- TES ETELOTIMTOVTLW avToLS TivovoL TPOS Pas TON, Kal evOvs ws ToAEmloLs EXparToO. ¢ \ \ ss) , Jared > , ¢€ Qs 5é Kpavyy Kat KTUTOS eylyveTo, aicOduevor ot evdov Tov BopvBov, Kekevoavtos Tov Bacitéws oKe- 4 ¥ ‘\ “ 3 , 4 > - Wacbar Ti etn TO Tpayya, exPoval TwWeEs avoi€arTeEs tas mUAas. of 0 apdt tov Taddray ws eldov tas / 7 bs 4 \ a” 7, , mUAas Yahooas, ELomTiTTOVOL, Kal TOLS TAAL PEevyou- ow clow efperopevot Kat TalovTes adikvouyTaL pds \ , Xo ey ¢ / Ew Nope , Tov Baciéa: Kal non éoty<dTa avTov Kal éeoTacpe vov Ov €lyey GkWAKNY EPLTKOVTL. Kal TOUTOV MEV lal x ot ovy Taddra Kat TwS8pva toddol éxepodvto: Kat L ov avtm Oe arb O pLev Baddomevos Tt ol ov avT@ € aréOvyoKor, 6 péev TPOBarhomeEvos TL, 0 6€ devywr, 6 O€ ye Kal auvydmevos OTw edvvaToO yor, y L GLUVOMLEVOS OTE ‘
e
\ a , N an ¢ , , \ \ 8) dé Kupos Ove ETE TAS TWY LITTEWV Tafeus KATA Tas
soe
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 25
e ‘ \ “a ra \ ¥y fa , 6d0Us Kal Tpoetrev ods pev Ew hap Pavoey KaTaKal- vew, Tos 8 év Tats oikiaus KypvTTew Tovs Lupiott ¥
émiatapevous evoov pevew: ei b€ Tis ew AypOetn, ott Pavata@coiro.
Ot pév Oy Tava emoiovy. Tadaras b€ kat TwBpvas a Ny An HKov: Kal Beovs pey Tp@Tov TpoceKvvovy, OTL TETI- popnpevo. Hoav Tov avdc.ov Baciréa, eeita Se Kvpov katedidovy kal yetpas Kat modas, Tohha Sa- KpVOVTES Awa apa Kal evVppatvdpevor. Emel OE NEpa eyeveto Kat yoOorTo ol Tas akpas ExovTES Eadwxvtav
‘\ / \ XN 7, / ,
Te THY TOAW Kal TOV Baciiéa TeOVHKOTA, Tapadiddact \ \ » e \ A ‘ \ »” 5 \ kal Tas axpas. 6 d€ Kupos tas pev axpas evos
, \ , i \ > TapedapBave Kat ppovpapyous TE Kal Ppoupovs els x b) - ‘\ \ / , 5 ~ TavTas avéreume, TOUS O€ TeOvyKdTas Oamrew EdyKe
TOlS TpPoTHKOVOL. Cyrus’ Dower 3 ‘ \ , / \ ‘\ / Evel d€ mopevdpevor ylyvovtay kata THY MydiKyp, vA ¢ | aa ‘\ , > \ \ ’ 4 Tpemetat o Kupos zpos Kvatédpynv. ere b€ nona- > , An \ \ e SA > an gavto a\\yXous, mp@Tov pev 57) 6 Kupos etme To Kvagdpn ore oixos avr@ e€npymeévos etn év BaBudave kal apxeta, OTws Eyn Kal OTav exetoe EOy Ets olKEta , ¥ \ Af Ey. A »” > “~ katayer Oar. emeta O€ Kal dda Sapa edaxev ait@ moh\X\a Kal Kaha.
‘O d€ Kvagéapns tatra pev ed€yeTo, Tpoc repre d€ aita tHv Ovyatépa orépavdy TE ypvooty Kal , / x ‘\ XN XN \ Weria dépovoav kal orpemTov Kal oTodnv Mnduxny
e \ , Ne \ x ~~ > ,
ws Suvarov KadNiatnv. Kal 7 ev 87 Tats EoTepavov tov Kidpov, 6 dé Kuakdpys cite, Aida 5€ cor, Edy, @ Kipe, cal adriy tavryy yuvaika, unv odcav Ovya-
26 ATTIC PROSE
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4 sl, ‘ \ \ ¥ ‘\ aA 8 lal A Tépa* Kal 6 ds O€ TAaTHP EyNME THY TOD E“ov TATpPOS a A Ouyarépa, e€ Hs aod eyévov: avtn S€ éorw Hv ov , a ¥ 9 Si. Oe SeN > > , To\aKis Tats wv, OTe Tap Huly noOa, erLOnvyTa: lal + 9 Kal OTOTE TLS Epwran adTHV Tive yapotro, EXEeyev OTL / > / \ > “A > \ \ ‘\ hs Kipo: émdidom d€ airy eyo kal hepviv Mydiav THY TAacap. a 9 > la) > ‘O peév ovras etmev’ 6 6€ Kipos amexpivarto, AX’, ay 4 , 4 > la \ \ a ‘ \ @® Kva&dpn, To Te yevos éraw® Kat THY Talda Kal TO A / Id A ‘ au la} ‘\ ie ddpa* Bovropau dé, eby, adv TH TOV TaTpos yvopun Kal TH THS PNTPOS TadTa Gor vvawéeoal. EiTE [EV > YY c Ta! 7 Q A \ , 5 id obv ovtws 6 Kipos, ouws dé TH mardl mavra €dwpy- ¥ a la \ gato é7dca weto Kvakdpyn yapeioOar. Tatra oe Toujoas els Ilépoas eropevero.
The Charge of Cambyses
> \ > SN A lal c (A > id . , Emel 6° é€mt tots Iepoav opious eyeévero topevd- Levos, TO ev ALO OTPAaTEVWA av’TOV KaTéhuTEV, AVTOS Ww \ Lal a > x / 5 , c Lal A d€ avy Tots Ptdous Els THY TOL ETrOpEvETO, LEpEta [LEV dyov as Tact Hepoas ixava Ovew Te Kat EoTiacOau* Sapa dé Hyev, ota prev ETpETE TH TaTpl Kal TH MyTPL \ A » , @ > » > A \ Kal Tots adAvs Ptdous, ola O° empemev apyats Kat yepaitépois Kal Tois opoTipois TagWw: edwKe OE Kat macu époas kat Tlepoicw ooamep Kat vov ere / 74 b) 4 ‘\ > 4 > didwow, oTavTep apikyntar Bactdevs els Tlépoas. ek \ , , = , \ , dé tovTov ouvédeEe KapBvons Ttovs yeparépous Hepoa@v Kat Tas apyads, olmep TOV peyiaTwy KvpLot elou Tapexddece O€ Kal Ktpov, kal ede€e Toudde. "Avopes Hépoau kat ov, @ Kipe, eya apdorépous bw cixdTas Evvous Ecipl' vuav pev yap Bacreva,
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 27
A 8 , io A mN Sn 5S) } fd > 2} 4 ov O¢, & Kupe, wats euos el. Olkavos ovv Elpt, Ooo yiyvockev Sod ayala appotépo.s, TavTa Els TO pécov héyew. Ta pev yap TapeMovTa vets per
A »
Ktpov nvéyoate oTparevpia Odvtes Kal apxovTa Tov- Tov KaTacTHoavTes, KUpos 5€ yyovpevos TovTOV ovY A > A \ cae “Dy , > A > , Oeots, evkdeets ev Das, @ Hdpoa, év macw avOpa- > 4 3 , > 3 boda te g fa , a) \
mous erolnoev, evtipous 0 év TH Aoia Tadon: TaV OE TVvoeTpaTevoapevwn Tovs pev aplaTous Kal TETAOUTLKE,
lal \ Lal ‘\ XA ~ 2 Tots d€ modAots puoOov Kat Tpodyy TapecKevaxen * immukov d€ KataoTyoas Ilepowr, remoinke Uepoais KGL TEOLMV Eval eTOVaLAV. HY mev OvY Kal TO NovTOV
y 4 lal Nip Ed “A yy b) 7 ouTw yryvdoKnte, TOAAOY Kat ayabav aitior adAydoLS ¥ = SN ES tol aie > \ a , écecbe: ci S€ H ov, & Kupe, éwapBels Tats Tapovoats TUYaLs, ErLyelpyoes Kal Hepoav apyew emt mheovegia Y XN la + Kf “A > A la woTEp Kal TOV AAwY, 7) VeELS, @ ToNtTaL, POovycav- TES TOUTW THS SuVapeEws, KaTahvew TEeLPdoEd He TOUTOV
A b) ~ ee 4 y > \ b) , & \ THS APXNS, EV LaTE OTL EuTVOda@V AAAHAoLS TOAKOY Kal ayalav execbe.
€ > N a , 5) \ > , > \
Qs oby py TavTa ylyvntar adda Tayabd, Euot doxkel, ey, Ovoavtas vas Kowyn Kat Deovs emiap- Tupapevous, cvvbécbar, oé péev, & Kupe, qv Tus em oTparevytar yopa Lepouds 7) Mepoay vopous diacmav
a , \ , Cue i , meipartat, BonOyoew rarti oHéver* vuas dé, @ Ilépoat, nv Tus 7) apyns Kupov émyxepy Kataravew 7) adt- otacbai tis Tav vroyeplov, BonOyjoew Kal vw > cn \ , 2 aN a > , \ avrois Kat Kipw kal? o 71 Gy ovTos EmayyedAyn. Kat
Y, \ x SS A = Leg , ¢€ > , ews pev av eyw la, eun ylyverar n ev Lepoars Bacrreia: orav dS éya TehevtHow, SHdov d7t Kvpov,
2A A eee \ a . 7 > , eav Cn. Kal orav pev ovTos adixntar eis Ilepoas,
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ATTIC PROSE
c , * ey ¥ lal , oe ‘ e A e an Oglws av vu Exor TovTov Ovew Ta iepa brép bpaov 9 al 5 . / o 5 a » > wn amep vov €yw Biw: drav S obtos Exdnpos 4, Kadh@s >» > et Sa A > 5 lal , a » Lage ER av Oipar Vly EXEW, EL EK TOD yevous, Os av SoKH dptv » ind ~~ w~ ~~ apLoTos €ivat, ovTOS TA TOY Dewy amroTEhoOtn. — Tatra elrovtos KapBicov ovvédofe Kipo te Kat tots Ilepo@v zékeou Kat ovvPéuevor Tada TOTE Kal Beovs Eripaptupapevol, ovTw Kal voy eT. Stapévovat TolouvTes pos addy dovs Ilépoau te kai Bacrdeds. , \ 4 > , e ra e > > ‘ Tovrav 6€ tpaxO&rtav amjer 6 Kipos. as 8 damiav a ak > / / “a \ ‘ “”~ \ eyevero ev Mydous, ovvddkav TO Tarp Kal TH PNTPL mage , , @ » Asie , yapet THv Kvagdpov Ouvyarépa, hs ete Kal viv Adyos /, @S TayKaAns yevouerys.
Length and Breadth of the Empire
> ‘ \ “~ e gi VA 7 a Eat 6é repindOev 6 eviavtds, cuvyyeipe oTpatiav eis BaBvudava, kal héyerar aiTw yevér Oar eis dHdeKa ‘ c , , > 4 \ 4 pev imméov pupidoas, els durytdua b€ appara Spema- , A \ > , c / > ." \ vnhopa, welav dé els pupiddas é€jKovta. eémel € TAUTA TVVETKEVATTO AUT, WPLLa ON TAUTHY THY OTPA- , > e , , , ‘\ »” Telav ev n N€yeTar KaTaoTpéeacBar Tavta Ta eOvy, ° / 5 , ] Lal A b) “~ / ova Xupiav ékBavte oiket péypr epvOpas Oadarrns. peta O€ Tadta 7 eis AlyumTov orpareia héyerat , \ , ” yeverbar, kat Kkataotpéacbat Atyumrov. K Sia8 , \ b] \ 4 C See \ 9 \ al EK TOVTOV THY apxnVv wp.ilev avT@ TPOS EW [EV e 3 ‘ , ‘ + be ¢ At , 7 €pvOpa Oadatra, mpos apktor dé 6 EvEewos rovros, \ c , \ , ‘ » a mpos €amrépav O€ Kumpos kat Alyumtos, mpos meonp- 7 \ > , 7, \ ‘ / XN ‘ % Bpiav 6€ Aifioria. rtovtwv dé ta Tépata Ta prev dia Oddzos, 7a 5é dua wWoyos, Ta SE dia vVOwp, Ta dé > 5 / , 2 ‘\ > > 4 YA du avvdpiav Sucoixynta. avtos 8 év péow TovTwv
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON 29
4 , F. 3 \ 5 A x A THY Siaitay Tonodmevos, Tov pev audt Tov YELdva , A > A ¢ \ A 7 \ xXpovov dunyev év BaBvhovi Extra pHvas: avtn yap ») XN e 7 ‘\ x > ‘\ ~~ ¥ A “A > aheewn 7 xopa: Tov O€ apdi TO €ap Tpels pHvas év LYovoos, tHy d€ axuynyv tov Oépovs dvo pHvas &v > 7 y > -~ > \ , 5 ExBardvo.s. ovtw 69 Tovovvta adrov déyovew év €apwo Oarre Kat Wye dudyev del. ovTw O€ dié- KETO TPOS avTOV ot avOpwror, ws TAaVv pev EOvos “a SQL > XN / , yY ‘\ pevoventety EddKer el poy Ktpw méprbevev 6 Te Kahov > “a > a , x , x , x : n avTois €v TH XOpA | voto 7 TpEhotTo 7 TEXV@TO, Lal \ / e / “ A Pret) , , masa d€ Tokis woatTws, Tas 5é ididtns TAOVGLOS x »” , Q ¥ Kv , ‘ \ \ ec av meto yevéobar ev Tr K¥pw yapioaito: Kat yap 6 A s Seats a > , > Kvpos \auBavev tap’ éExdotov dv adfoviay eixov e , b] 42 e , 5 \ ot d.dortes, avTedisov dv oazavilovtas avrovs aigOavoiro. Luokevdtov, & Kipe Otrw Sé Tov ai@vos TmpoKkeywpyKdros, pada Oh , a e rr. ) an > , XV mpeo Burns @v o Kupos adixveitar eis Ilépoas 70 EBdomov emt THS avTod adpyns. Kal 6 pev TaTHp Kal n pyTnp Tadar 87 womep Eikds éreTeMeUTH KET AY > OR ¢ de Ko “A \ fo ¢ , ‘\ a auT@* 0 d€ Kupos efuce Ta vourCoueva iepa, Kat TOD Xopov nynoato Ilépoais Kata Ta TaTpia, Kal TA Sapa Tact duddwKey worep €idOe. Koundets S ev 7@ Baorreiw dvap cide Toidvde. »¥ 3 an \ , x \ + edofev ad’T@ mpocehOav Kpeittwy Tis KaTa avOpe- > A , > A ¥ \ > \ Tov elrew, LvoKevalov, @ Kipe: dn yap eis Deovs ¥ ~ \ 3 \ ‘ »” 3 , \ ‘\ amet. ToUTo dé idwy Td avap e€nyépOn, Kal oyeddov 3 , ~ , yy nr , e Q 4 > AX eddKet eld€var OTL TOD Biov 7 TeNevTH) TapeEin. EvOds ovv haBav tepeta eOve Avi Te TaTpew Kal “Hriw Kal ~ » ~ 3 QA nw »” e 4 4 Tots addows Oeots emt TOY akpwr, ws Hdpaa Povocw,
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30 ATTIC PROSE
e A A i le ‘ @oe erevyomevos: Zed matpme Kat “"Hdue kal waves Beoi, Séxer Ve TaAde Kai TeNeoTH PLA TOMAOY Kal KAO mpakewy Kal YapLoTHpLA, OTL EONUAVATE fro. Kal év a ‘\ lal lepols Kal Ev OUPaVlo”Ls ONMELOLS Kal EV OlwVOs Kal > , Ae oe) aA i Noa > > A \ ev dyna aT EXPHV TOLELY KAaL A OVK EXPHV. TOAA 5 vw xapis, ote Kayo eyiyvwoKov THY vpeTépav eTysehecav Kal ovder@moTe Eml Tals EvTVYlaLs UTEP »¥ > / > la) 3 1¢ Lal lal \ avOpwrov éppovnoa. aitotpar 0 vas Sovvar Kal A \ \ \ ‘\ ‘\ , ‘\ / vov Tail pev Kal yuvorkt Kat didous Kal marpidu > , > \ , ped am , , evoayoviay, e“ot d€, oidvmep aiwva Sedw@KarTe, ToLav- Tnv Kal TeXeuvTHY Oovvat.
Last Words of Cyrus the Great
Lal > \ \ 4, e ld 4 3 ‘ Ilaides €0t Kat mavres ot mapdvtes didot, enor \ a / XN / = , > la) pev tov Biov 7d Téhos HOn Tdpectw: ex ToddOv TOUTO Gapas yryvorKkw: vas O€ ypyH, OTav TEdEv- THTW, WS TEpl EVOatwovos e“ov Kal héyew Kal Tove TavTa. Kal vov KaTaelirw pey uas, @ Tatoes, Cavras, ovamep eOomdy pou ot Oot yevéeoOar, Kata- Meirw O€ Tarpida Kal didous evdaiovovvtTas: waTE - TOS OUK ay eyo Sukaiws pakapilomevos TOY del ypdvov , , lo A ‘\ \ , pvypns Tuyyavount; det d€ kat THY Bacidrelay cady- vioavTa KaTahuTew, ws av py apdidoyos yevouern TpayLaTa viv TAapAacyy.
>
Kat od perv, & KapBvon, tTHv Bacrrelar exe, Dear / \ ] A“ y 3 3 4 x , > Te SLOdVTWY Kal E“ov, door ev euot: aol dé, @ Tavao- , , > , , war) , Edpn, catparny civar didmpe Mydwr Te kal ’Appevior ‘\ 4 ra nw , \ 4 Kat Tpitwv Kadovoiav: tavtra dé cou d.d0vs vopila
b) \ \ , \ ¥ wn p A apxnv pe petlw kat Tovvowa THS Bacirelas TO
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CYROPAEDIA OF XENOPHON at
, La) > az ss ‘\ 3 mpeoButépw katadimeiv, evddayoviay d€ oot aumo- ’
Tépav. omoias pev yap avlpwrivns eippoovrys B ~ A > Sj lat ~) ‘\ z aa} lal EMUOENS EEL, OVY OPO, AAA TavTa ToL TA SoKOdVTA avOparovs edppaive tapéota. olcba pev ovv Kat ov, ® KapBvon, ote od T6d€ TO ypvoody aoKHTTpOV x \ 7 “A iA b] v=) > e XN To THv Baoireiav Siac@lov €oti, GAN ot TLOTOL dio. oxnmtpov Bacievow ahyPeotatov Kat acda- Aéoratov. ot d€ amo TOV avTOUV oTEppaTos PwvTES Kal UTO THS AUVTHS MYTPOS TpaEevTes Kal Ev TH adTH olkia av&yOetes Kat UO TOY avTaY yovéwy ayaTa- pevou Kal THY avTHY pHTépa Kal TOY avTOV TaTEépa TPOTAYOpEVOVTES, TAS OV TAVTWV OUTOL OLKELOTATOL TE KQL TLOTOTATOL ;
"Aa pds Gedy TaTpdwv, @ Tatdes, TYLATE AN2- Nous, el Te Kal epot yapilerOar péder buy: ov yap , lal , lal eS =. ie e > , > Symov TovTO ye wadas SoxetTe Eidévar, ws OvED Ei
> \ A 3 \ lal > tA - os eye eri, ereoav TOV avOpwrivov Biov TedevTHTw* 5 A \ lal DZ; > 3 \ x e nw b) > ovee yap vov Tor THY y eunv Wuxynv Eewpare, addr ois Suerparrero, TovToLs avTHY ws oOvcAaY KaTEpwpaTe. oUToL e€ywye, @ Taldes, OVE TOUTO TaTOTE ereic On, e ¢ , 4 \ 3 > A , 5 A 9 ws 7 huyy, ews pev ay ev OvynT@ copare 7, Cn, oTav d€ TovTov aTah\ayn, TEO - Suadvopevov O€ avOpa- é TovTou aTahhayn, TEOvnKkev: dualvopevor O€ avOpa A , > 4 b) / ~ \ e / mov On\ad e€oTLW EKATTA ATLOVTA TPOS TO OModuAoV Tryv THs Wuyns, avtTn S€ pdvyn ovTE Tapovaa ovTE dmudaa oparar. éevvonoate O€, epy, OTL eyyvTEpov \ ”~ > , , OE] 3 4 ¢ de pev Tov avOpativav Oavarw ovdév €oTw vavou: 7 O€ lal > , XN / , , , tov avOpamov wuxn TéTe SyHTOV Gevordtn Katadai- XN lé lal , A , , veTal Kal TOTE TL TOY pEhhovT@Y TPOOPA* TOTE yap, , la) @s €ouKe, pahvota ehevOepovran.
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ATTIC PROSE
> \ > Y ¥ A Y EN Et pev ovv ovTws EXEL TAUTA, WOTEP EY oLopal, ‘\ ¢ X\ / ‘\ A“ \ \ 3 ‘ ‘\ Kal 9 Wyn KaTadelEel TO THOMA, Kal THY Eunv Wuynv a aA 4 KaTaoovpevor TrovetTe & yw Séoprar: ei S€ 7) OUTS, aha pev 7 Wuxyy) ev TO OO vaTroOvn o KE béevoveta 1 Wy) EV TH THOLaTL GvvaTObvynTKEL, > \ , ‘ SEX » A , > 3 A aha Oeovs ye Tovs ael OvTas Kal TavT EepopayTas ~ / , A \ 4 ‘ “ 7 kal mavra Svvapevous, ot Kal THVdE THY TaV OwY a 58 / > “a \ 5 , \ 5 , Taw ouveéxovol arpiByH Kal aynpaTov Kal avayap- \ c XV , ‘\ , b) 7 4 TynTov Kal UTd Ka\NOUS Kal peyeDous adiAyNTOV, Tov- , , 5: Noose \ dead 2 tous hoBovpevor pytoT aoeBes pndev pyde avdcrov PTE ToLNoNTE pyTE BovAevonTE. \ / , \ = , XN “A ‘A bY Mera pevtou Geovs, kat avOpdtwv To Tav yevos TO del emuytyvomevoy aidetobe. ov yap ev oKdTwH Das c \ bs , > > > ~ “A > , of Beot amoxpvarovrat, aN’ eudavn macw avayKn Dow a NY sche / ¥ a \ NX \ »¥ det Cyv ta vudrepa epya: & Hv pev Kabapa Kal e&w Tov adikwv dawyrat, duvatovds buas ev TAacW avOpa- Tous avadei feu et dé els ANAHAOUS AdLKOV TL Ppovncere, 3 , 3 , x eS , > > A éx Tavtev avOparav 76 a€idmioror eivar aToBahetre. > ‘\ \ >» Ss a , cok >Q> > ovdels yap av emt miaTedvoat SvvatTO wp, ovd et , A 208 3 , \ , mavu mpolvmotro, idov adikovpevov Tov padioTa , 7 pitta TpoonKovTa. > . 5S 3 ‘\ 4 nw e A , YY \ Ei pev oty éye® tpas ikavds diddoKw otovs yp XN 2 7 > > \ a ‘\ \ “A mpos addy#\ous elvat,—ei d€ pH, Kal Tapa Tov mpoyeyernnevav pavOavere: avtn yap apiotn dida- / ¢ \ \ XN , / A okaNia. ot pev yap TodXol Siayeyevnvrar pidou pev A qn y yovets tarot, dior dé adedfol adedpois: dyn SE 4 \ 5 7 2 4 » ec 4 Twes TOUTwY Kal évavtia addyots empakav. dmoTe pols av ovr aicbavynobe ta tpaxbevta ovveveyKorta, w“~ X\ ¢ , > ~ x 4 Tavra 7 aipovpevor 6p0as av Bovdevo.r Oe. \ 4 \ ¥ ¥ 7 X tee te a Kal rovrwy pev tows non alis. TO 5 euov copa,
un
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ANABASIS OF XENOPHON 33
er
© matoes, OTav TeleuTHTW, LTE Ev ypvT@ OnTE prjTeE o B) , , > ” » 5 /, ir \ a a e év apyvpo pyte ev ahiw pnoevi, alia TH yn ws , X\ A TAXLTTA aTOOOTE. TL yap TOVTOV LakapLwTEpoY, TOU Lal A aA 7 \ ‘ ‘ / \ = X\ yn pixOjvar, ) mavtTa pév Ta Kaha wavTa de Tayaba ¥ dver Te Kal Tpéper; eyw dé Kal ahrws hriavOpwzos eyevonny, Kal viv nd€ws av por d0KO KowwrvyAcat Tov evepyetouvros avOpurous.
"AN\a yap On, edn, exheimew por ghaiverar 7 Wux7, HevTEep, ws EorKe, TATW apxXeTar aTro\EiTOVc 4. > lat x “~ / ~ nn 9 El Tis Ov Dpav 7 SeEvas BovreTar THs Enns apacBar,
; eed Sy \ an y+ 8 a 2Hé / 7 Oppa Toumoy Cavros Ett Tpoovoev EHeheL, TPOTITH* 9 3 5 xX 3 4 <<) lal rd A > an drav © eyw éeyxaltiiwpar, aiTovpar vas, @ Taldes, PS) \ VL3IA 59 / > ‘\ on > , S > \ pnoets er avipdtov Totpov copa td€éTa, yd avTot vues. IUdpoas pévtou wavtas Kal Tovs Tuupayous én TO VHA ToULOY TapakadetTe TUVHTOnTOLEVOUS ’ Pi, > n° a» ¥ e Vo EK ¥ €wol, ore ev TO dohahet Hoy ETopat, ws wydev av Ere al DN al Kakov Tabet, pyTe HY peta Tov Oeiov yevwpar pyTE x de » => € tA S x eA ae. > nv pyndoev ett @* O7dcor O av EhOwor, TovTOUS €v 7 e , 5 > 5 XN 5 , oF ToiyoavTes OTdca em avdpt evdaiporr vopmileTat, b) , \ tal ¥ , , atoméumete. Kal TouTo, edn, peuvnoGé pov Tedev- Tatov, Tovs dirous EevepyeToUVTES Kal TOUS eyOpovs Suryocece Kohdlew. Kal yaipete, © pidor Taides, Kal TH pyTpl amayyeAdeTE WS Tap ew“ov* Kal TaVTES \ e / \ e BI / 7 t. d€ ol TapovTEs Kal ot amrovTes hidor xatpere. Tat? cima Kal ravras Se€twodpevos evexahvato
‘ 7 3 “e KQL OUTWS ETEAEUTYCED.
The Death of Cyrus the Younger
Kai dn te Hv apt ayopav mxfovoay Kat
ATTIC PROSE — 3
34 ATTIC PROSE
Ww
ty wm
TAnolov Hv 6 atabuds evOa eweddre katadveuw, Hvika , > ‘\ , A BI \ rf A Harnyvas, avnp Ilépons, tov audit Ktpov morar, mpopatverat €Lavvwy ava KpaTos iSpovvTt T@ iT: \ 7A\ A ® > , 207 \ kat evdds wacw ois éevervyyavev €Bda kai BapBapr aA oo A ’ \ \ , K@s Kal EdAnviKds, ore Baciievs avy oTpatedpare TOA TPOTEpYXeETaL wS Els WaYNY TapEeTKEvAacpEVOS. v \ \ , pe a: 8 \ 20 7 €v0a 8) Todds Tdpayos ey&eTo: avdtixa yap édoKouv eg? 2 4 4 > 4 , 5 ot “E\Anves, kal mavtes S€é, ataxtows odiow émume- cetaGar* Kupdés te xatarndyoas amd Tod appatos ‘ , > , ‘ > \ - ‘\ 9 ‘ ‘ Tov Odpaka évedv Kal avaBas emt Tov irmov Ta TadTa > ‘ a“ ¥ wn“ ¥ “~ 4 els Tas Xelpas EhaBe, Tots TE aANOLS TAaGL TapHyyed- Lev efomriler Oar kai kabioracbar eis THY éavTov Ta€w exactov. eva 8) odvv TOA omovdy Kabl- r , XN x > % a , »” aravto, Ki\éapxos pev Ta Sefia Tod Képatos eywv X Le > , -” , S43 , c mpos T@ Etdhpatyn Ttotau@, Updkevos 5é éydpmevos, ot > ¥ ‘\ ~ é rd \ ‘ ‘\ , ‘ & ad\ou pera TodTov’ Mévav S€ kai 75 oTparevpa Td > SP 4 ¥ ae ~ A A eveovunov Képas exxye TOV E\\nuikov. Tod dé Bap- nA e “ A , > , X Bapixov immets pev Tladdaydves els yidiovs Tapa K\éapyov eotnoav ev Ta de&i@ Kal 7d “Envoy 4, > \ ” > 4 > a? e 4 Te\TATTLUKOY, €v 5€ TO EVwVYpw Apratds Te 6 Kpou y ‘\ S. ¥ / UTapyos Kat TO ako BapBapikor. i Ss , e 4 \ + A Kai 75n te Hv pécov jhuépas Kal ovtw Katadavets > ¢ , e 'd A / 3 4 3 , noav ot moh€utor’ Hvixa dé Sethyn eylyveto, ebayn \ 7 , , , \ SF KoviopTos wamep vedédAn evky, ypdvm dé cuxv@ y y , > ae , FN , VaoTEpov Gomep peravia Tis ev TO TEdiw emi Todd. 9 \ 3 , Sy ek , ‘ ‘\ / Ore O€ eyytrTepov éeyiyvovto, Tdya 51 Kal yadkds TIS HoTpanTe Kat ai Noyyau Kat ai Tafers KaTadaveis ay OF ‘\ ra , +) IN ‘ , €ytyvovto. Kat Kupos wapeXavvwv autos ovr Itypyre TOE t Kat ahd iv 7) TéeTTApat, TO Keapyw @ EPUNVEL KAL AAAOLS TPLOLY 7 TETTAPOL, TO PX
ANABASIS OF XENOPHON 35
3 , » . , A , . ~ éBoa ayew 70 oTparevpa KaTa pécov TO THY TOhE- , 9 > an ‘ ep 2 a 3 » lal piv, o7e exer 6 Bacrdeds Eln* Kay TOUT, EpN, VLKG- pev, Tavl” Huw TeToinTa. K \ 3 , nied “a =e ‘ B ‘ Ps , al év TOUT@ T@ Katp@ 70 prev BapBapixoy o7pa- c “~ , ‘ A ¢ F » 5 ~ 5 Teva Oparas pone, TO dé “EhAnvikov, Ere &Y TO avT@ pévov, TVVETATTETO EK TOV ETL TPOTLOVTWY. Kal 6 Kdpos tapehatver od 7avu Tpos atT@ TH OTpaTEv- par. Katefeato, éxatépwoe aroBdémwv Eis TE TOUS 7 ‘ ‘ 4 5 A A > \ > A ~ moheutous Kal Tovs didous. dav S€ avtov amo Tov 10 ‘EhAnvixod Zevodav ’APnvatos, v7ekaoas ws ouvay- THOAL, NpETO el TL TapayyéAAou* 6 8 EmiaTHoas eize ' 4 > 4 “~ 9 A X e€ . A 4 Kal héyew €xéhevoe TATW, OTL Kal TA Lepa Kaha Kal 7a odbayia Kahd. tavra dé héywr GopvBov jKovce QA lal , >7 X ¥ 7 e , » Sia tav Ta€ewv idvTos, Kal HpeTo Tis 6 GopuBos EL7. e A , > 9 . , ,
15 6 6€ KXéapyos eivey Ore 70 otvOnwa TapepyeTat , ze ‘a > , , / devTepov On. Kal Os CHavpace Tis TapayyéeddeL, eee 7 ¥ . , a = 5 , ” Kal pero 6 TL ein 70 oUVOnpa. 6 S dmeKpivaTo OTL .Zevs Lwrnp kat Niky. 6 dé Ktpos axovcas, “A\Aa , , » ‘ ~ ¥ A > BI ‘ > Séxopat Te, Eby, Kal TOUTO €aTw. Tadra Sd Eizwy els
20 THY EavTOU xapav aTyavve. \ > 4 7 a 4 , , A Kat ovxér. tpia ® Térrapa ao7ddia Sueryernv TH dadrayye aw addAjdor, qvika éraranifdv ze ot “EAy- ves Kal TpoypxovTo avrion i€var ToLs TOELOLS. ws A , 5 4 , “~ , ‘ e dé wopevopevay eLexvpawe 7. THS Padayyos, TO UTO- » A 2s NerTOpevov NpEato Spopw Oey" Kai apa ébbeyEar70 , a x 3 , 5) / ‘ , mavTes olovTep T® Evvadiw €dedi{ovor, Kal mavrTes A »¥ , , e » lan) 5 4 A Sé€ EBeov. éyovar b€ TwWes ws Kal Tals doTion TpPOS ‘ / > , /, lal A 9 Ta Sdpata edovrnaav, PdBov ovovvTEs Tots iTTOLS. A ~ mp de T6€evpa eEixveio Gar, exkdivovew ot BapBapor
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‘ 4 \ > woe ‘ 2Q7 A ‘ kat devyovor. Kal evtavla db) ediwxov pév Kata 4 eg > , b Wee 4 ‘\ “~ , Kpartos oi “E\Anves, €Bdwr Sé addy dors x7) Oetv Spopo,
> , 9 9 aN’ év ta€eu EwerAar. 7a 8 apyara ta Sperary- , > , ‘ ‘\ > > “A “ / ‘ dopa éd€povto ta pev du’ avtav Tov TodELlwr, TA \ ‘ x a“ ec 7 ‘ e , a > 3 x dé Kat dua Tov “EXAjvev Kea Hridxov. ot 8 ézet mpotooer, Suiotavto: eat 8 oats Kal KarehndhOn @oTEep ev immodpouw exmdayels: Kal ovdey pévTor ial A ¥ A ovsé TovTov wabety edacar, 00d’ ad\dos 5é TaV “EXXH- > , “ , + > ‘ > ld ‘\ > ee vov & TavTn 7H MaXN ETAaDe ovdeis OSE, TAHY Ext T@ EVaVYLw ToSevOnvai Tis E\€yeTo. Ktpos & é6pav tovs "EX\\nvas vikorvtas TO Kal? p p 7 avrovs Kai SudKovTas, HSdpmevos Kal TpOTKUVOUpLEVOS » A 79n ws Baoireds U7d Tov apd’ adrdv, odd’ as CEnYOy Sidxew, adda cuveotepaperny exov THY TOV odV e ~ e , e , , > ~ 9 €aut@ é€akooiwy inméwy Taéiv, érepedetro 6 Te Tol , 4 ‘\ ‘ ¥ 5 \ 9 , »” noe Bacireds. Kal yap oer adrov Tt pécov Exot Tov Ilepo.xov orpatevuaros. Kal mavtes 8 ot TaV BapBdpwry apyovres pécov exovTes TO avTa@v YyoUp- = x Tal, vouilovTes ovTw Kal év aadaeataTw civar, Hv 1 loxvs adtav Exatépwler, Kal et TL Tapayyetdat , LS a , > , \ , xpylouv, quice av ypdovw aicBaverfar 76 o7pa- Teva. Kat Baotreds 67 TOTE pécov Exwv THS avTov a7Tparias, Ouws e€w éeyévero Tov Kvpov evwvipou 7 > \ \ 5 ‘ 5 ~ 5] , 5 ~ > 7 Ké€patos. eel € ovdels aiT@ eudyeTo EK TOV avTioVv ovdé Tois avTov TeTaypévois euTpoo er, éréxapmTev @s els KUKwoW. » — Ev@a 67 Kipos, Seioas ph omicbe yevopevos KaTakoun 70 E\nvixov, éhavver avtios* Kal éuBahav 4A ~ ~ guy ols €€aKxoclo viKa TOs TPO Bacidéws TeETAYy-
oe pera e
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OECONOMICUS OF XENOPHON 37
td ‘\ > A A ‘ e /, A pevous kal cis duyny erpafe Tovs EEaxroxudLovs, Kal Groxrewat héyeTar avTos TH EavTov xELpi ApTayéep-
» ~ anv Tov apyovta avTav. as O 7H Tpom7 éyeévero, dia- , ‘ e , c 7 > ‘ , omeipovrat Kat ot Kupou éfaxdarot, eis 70 didKew ec , = ‘ , 5 a > > 5 ‘ , oppnoavres’ ANY wavy Otyo. apd avrov Karehet- hOnoav, cyedov ot duorpamelor Kahovpevor. ov
4 A > - 4 \ ‘ > > 5 “ tovros 6€ av Kafopa Baorréa Kat 70 apd €xetvov
~ A 5 ‘ 5 > , 5 > > "4 ‘ otihos: Kat evs ovK yvéoyxeTo, ad’ etz@v, Tov » e a 4 3.63 - a \ “a ‘ x , avdopa Ope, teTo €w avTOv Kal TaleL KATA TO OTEPVOV
‘ , x A , id + , ec Kal TiTpdcKer Oia TOV Papaxos, ws dnar Kryolas o iarpos, Kal iacOar avros 70 Tpavpa dyot. walovta
> - | = , ~ c 7 ‘ 5 ‘\ 8 avrov axovrile. Tis wa\t@ v7 Tov d6dfadpov
F ‘\ 5 lod , \ ‘ XV Biatws: Kal evradfa paydpevor kat Baorrevs Kat
a \ e > > b) ‘ e X e ? e , Kupos, Kat ol a avToUs UTEP EKATEPOV, OTOTOL
POs; b ;
A “ > \ , 5 7 , , pev Tov audi Baca avébvynoKov Kryotas héye:
yn , \ > A \ a we \ map éxelvw yap yv* Kipos d€ abzds ze avefave Kat
b] ‘ A ~ \ >> » - ie 5 ~ OKTW OU aplaToe TWV TEPL QUTOV EKELVYTO ETF au7TW. Traits of the younger Cyrus
Paci S€ twes, dtav SHpa 8180 6 Bacihevds. TPaTOv A > “ A , 5 A , ° pev eioxaew Tovs TohEL@ ayafous yeyovotas, o7t ovdév ddedtos TOANA apodr, Et p17) Eley Ot apyfovTEs” SevTEpoV S€ Tovs KaTacKevalovTas Tas Yapas apiora x x o , 9 303 3 c 7»
Kal évepyous wovovvTas, A€yovTa ort ovo Gv ol adkwor , A > \ 4 © 3 , , \ dvvawto Myv, et py eiev ot epyalopevor. éyerau d¢ ‘\ aa , 9g Ss , A ‘ Kat Kupos move, oo7ep evsoxiysatatos 67 Bacideds yeyevnrat, cimew Tots emt Ta Sapa KEKANMEVOLS, OTL avros av Sixaiws Ta apudorépwv Sapa AapBavor-
s s 7a dudorépov Sapa dap ‘ » > \ KatagKevalew TE yap apiotos eivat Edn YOpav Kal
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apyyew Tots KaTecKEvacpevols. emnydddeTo Toivur ovdev ArTov emt TM Ywpas evepyovs Tole Kal KaTa- oxevalew 7 emt TO ToNEmLKOS Elvat. aa > ato ¥ A Kai Kupos ye, «i €Biwoev, apuotos Gv Soxet apywr 4 »" , , ¥ ‘ la yevérOat, kat TovTov Texunpia ada Te ToANA Tape ‘ e , € € ‘ A B X , “A LO nN “~ OXYNTAL, Kal o7OoTE wept THS Bacidrelas TH adEeAd@ ETOPEVETO MAXOULEVOS, Tapa ev KUpou ovdels eye > A ‘ , ‘ \ 7 Tat avToxodnoa mpos Baorihéa, Tapa 5é€ Baciréws \ “4 Bs -~ 5 ‘ \ ‘\ “ e la mo\\al pupiddes Tpos Kipov. éyw d€ kal todTo Wyod- par péya TEKUApLoY apyovTos apeTs Elvar, @ Gv Exovtes TeOwrTar Kal év Tots Sewots Tapapevew ebE- hwow. exeivw S€ ot dior Cavti te TuveudyovTo kat amoGavev7, cwamebavor, TavTes TEpl TOV vEeKpov , \ > , > A 3. 32% A paxouevor tyv “Aptatov: “Apiatos 8 eruxe él TO EVWVUL@ KEPATL TETAYMEVOS.
Otros totvuy 6 Ktpos éyerar Avodvipa, ore HAO dyov avT@ Ta Tapa TOV cUppdywv Sapa, adda TE diriogpoveta bar, ws adtos Eby 6 Avoavdpos Ew tore
3 , 8 , ‘ X > , tTwe ev Meyapo.s dinyovmevos, Kat Tov & Lapdeor 4, 3 4 > ‘ ¥ > \ x. > 4 Tapaderoov emiderkvivar avtov edn. met S€ eOar-
ars c , 8 e \ \ x , palev adtov 6 Avoavdpos, as Kaha pev ta dévdpa
» > ¥ \ ‘ /, > ‘\ \ e 4
ein, Su’ toov S€ Ta TEeduTevpéva, dpHoi S€ ot arixor A , > , \ , a ¥ > ‘ \ tav dévdpor, evydvia S€ wavta Kahas ein, dopat de mohhal kal deta cvuTapopapTotey avdrots mepiTa- Toval, Kat TavTa Bavyalwy eizev, "ANN eyo ToL, @ Kupe, 7a. ev TadTa Oavpalw éxi To Kar hd Dpe, TavTa pev TadvTa Oavpalw emi T@ Kaddev, TOAD d€ padov ayapar Tov KaTapeTpnoavTds oo Kal Ouatagavtos €kaoTa TovTwyY. aKkovoavTa S€ TavTa ‘ la e ‘a / \ > A A , > tov Kipov jobnvai ze Kat ciety, Tadra tow, &
* OECONOMICUS OF XENOPHON 39 A Avoavope, eyo TavTa Kal OueweTpyoa Kat dueraéa, » 5 > ~ , a ‘ ) , 5 , ~ é€oTt © avTav, davat, & Kal Ep’TEVvTG AUTOS. Kai 6 Avoavipos édbn, advoBéWas cis abtov Kat iSav Tov TE iwatiov Td Ka\os Ov Eiye Kal THS OTMNS 5 aigAouevos Kal TaY OTpETTOV Kat Tov Wediwv 70 , \ na » , a F 3 oN , Ka\Xos Kal Tov adNov KOTpOoV ov ElxeV, EiveEV, TL héyets, davat, @ Kupe; h yap ov Talis oats Xepot , 5 , be XV aa 5 , ToUTwy TL edvTevoas ; Kal Tov Kupov amokpivac Gat, Oavpalers TovTO, py, @ A¥oavdpe; Ouvupt Gor TOV 10 MiOpyv, dravaep byaive, pnwarore Seumvjoa TpwW LOpacal, 7) TOY TOMEMLKOY TL 7) TOV yewpyLKav Epywv pedeTar, f TOLOVT@V ye TL diAOTYLOVPEVOS. Kat abdros pévtor en 6 Avoavdpos axovcas TavTa , 7 5 XV ‘ > “ , ~ ScEidcacbal Te abrov Kat eizety, Atkaiws pot Soxets, ¥ ~ > , > > \ \ a “pe 15 ebn, @ Kupe, evoaipev evar: ayalos yap wv avnp = eVOaypovets. Kaoxdaya8ia pe me ¥ 3 > A , e , Tc obv, nv cou €€ apyns Sinyjcopat, ws cuveyevo- re avoo. dc é Lt €06 > ee Re ae pny more avdpt Os Euot eddKe Eivat Tw OVTL TOVTwY A > al ee e ~ \ » , 3 ‘ a Tav avdpav ep ois TovTO TO OvopLa OuKalws eaTlv O Led , 5 . 5 7 20 Kahetrau Kahds Te Kayabds avyp ; , , c . 3 ah, \ , > A Aé€o towvv was Kat AAOov ext THY oKew avToOv. XN \ 7 5 X A , 5 , Tous pev yap ayafovs TéxTovas, yahkeas ayallous, 4 5 4 5 , \ . »¥ Cwypadouvs ayabods, avdpiavroTo.ovs, Kal Ta adda Ta To.avra, wavy diyos por Kpovos eyeveTo iKaVOS e A A \ , \ 25 iKava@s mepiehfety TE Kal fedcacbar Ta SedoKyac- , ‘\ » 5 - > yg A . . ‘ pea Kaha epya avrots eivat. o7ws d€ 67) Kal TOUS €yovtas 70 GEpvov Gvopa TOdTO, TO Kahds TE Kayabos, > / A > 5 , ”~ > 5 ~ emioKkeainyv, Ti mot epyalouevor TOUT a€.owvTo
40 ATTIC PROSE /
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Lal / c ‘\ b] 4 > ~ karelrOar, wavy pov » Wuyy éereOiper abtav Twi ovyyever Oar.
r lal 9 a
Kat wp@rov pév, ote mpooéxeito TO Kads TO aya0@, ovrwa Woy Kaddv, TovTw Tpooyev Kal eTeipounv KatapavOaverv, et ov oie mpoonpTT-
, fal a \ > , > > > »” “ep y pévov TM KAA@ TO ayabov. aN ovK apa Eixer OvUTWS, > esa 207 , A A \ aN’ éviovs eddxovv KatapavOdvew tTav Kad@v Tas
sN , Q \ ” \ , “5 foppas mavu pmoxOnpovs ovras Tas Wuyds. edo€ev ovv pro, adewevov THS KadHs OWews er av’TaY Tia > “a lal id Lal > a 5 \ i eMfew Tay kahoupevav Kah@v Te kayabav. met odv Tov “IoxopaXxov nKkovoy mpds TavTwY Kal avdpav Kal yuvakav Kat E€vwv Kal aor@v Kadov TE Kayabov erovomalopevov, €d0f€ por Ttoitm Teipabnvar avy- yever Bau.
[dav ovv tore abrov ev TH TOV Atos TOD "EXevOepiov
“ xD na arog KaOypEvor, Erel ror doe TXohalew, tpoaHdOov avT@ Kat Taparabilopmevos eirov, Ti, ® loyopaye,
5 la > \ , , 3 \ , ov pddra elwOas cyoralev, KadOnoa; enel Ta ve mhetaTa 7) TPATTOVTA TL OP@ GE H OV TavY oKXOdG- C > a ae Ovsee cis € VuUV 0) 51 , ovTa ev TH ayopa. Ovde av ye viv, Eby 6 Ioydpaxos, > \ , XN , > 7 3 / 9 ei py E€vous Twas cuveHéuny avapevew evOdde. “Orav dé 47) TPATTYS TL TOLOvTOY, Tpds TaV Dear, Env ey, Tod duaTpiBes Kat Ti moveis; ey@ ydp Tor wavy Bovopat cov mvbécba, Ti ToTE TpadTTwY Kahds TE
> \ , > \ > » / SQA Kayalos Kéxdnoat, €ret ovK Evdov ye SiaTpiBeus, ovde ToLavTyn cov 7 Eis TOU Tapatos Katadatveran.
Kat 6 ‘Ioydpayos, yehkaoas emi 7@ Ti Tor@y Kahds
> XN , ‘\ e / hd > 5 \ ” Kayalos Kéxd\ynoa, Kat nobeis, ws y euot edo€er, > > S25 , 7 , Seas A eivev, AN ei pév, Orav cor diahéywvTat tepl pod
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OECONOMICUS OF XENOPHON AI
TWes, KaNOVTL LE TOUTO TO OVOMA, OVK Olda. ov yap
dyn, orav yé pe eis avTidoow Kah@vTar Tpinpapxias
x 4 b} ig » an \ , >
7 Xopnyias, ovdeis, efy, Cntet Tov Kaddv Te Kaya- / > \ Le) »” > 4 7 3 ,
Oov, add\dka cados, epy, dvoualovres pe “Iayouayov matpd0e mpookadovTar. eyo pev Tolvur, Eby, @ 4 o > , > “A ~~ ip LaKpares, 0 pe emHpov, ovdauas evdov d.iaTpiBo. \ ‘ 8 4 ~ , > ~ > ie VA ‘\ Kal yap On, ein, TA ye EV TH OLKLG Lov TaVU Kal
auTn W yuvy €or ikavy SuoLKkety.
Ischomachus’ Instructions to his Wife
"AXNX\a \ la eh ¥ w > | , , a Kal TOUTO, Epyy, Eywye, @ “loyopaye, Tavu av ndéws cov TUOoiuny, TOTEpAa aUTOS Ov eTaLdeVTAS THY yuvatka, WaTE Elvat Olav Sel, 7) ETLTTapEvny €aBes Tapa TOD TaTpoS Kal THS pHTPOS SioiKkely TA TPOT7H- KovTa avTn. Kat ri av, epn, ® LOKpates, EmraTapLevny auTny TapedaBor, 7) TN ev OUTH TEVTEKALOEKa yeyo- Pe £y x SA X >» , » SN vuca WADE pos Ep, Tov O euTpoad bev ypovov ely b7d nw b , iv ec 3 / x »” = / ToANns ETLedetas OTWS WS EAaXLOTA [EV OYoLTO, Eha-
QI 3 , 3 , cape / > ‘ tL XtoTa 0 aKovcolTo, Ekdyiota O° €poln; ov yap ayamy- TOV Gol SoKel Elvat, ci provov HOEY emicTapeay Epa
na e€ 7, > A \ ¢ A e TmapahaBovoa tuatiov aodetEat, Kal Ewpakuia ws / > > epya Tahao.a Jepatraivars diooTtar; Tad ah\a, edyv Sy 3 / s
€yo, @ ‘loxouaye, avros emaidevras THY yuvaica, @OTE ikavny evar VY mpoonKer éeTyredetcOar; Od SA 43 + C3: , 5 /, Sy: ‘\ pa At’, efy 0 Ioyouayxos, ov rpiv ye kat COvoa Kat evEdunv eué Te Tvyyavew Sid0doKovta Kat éxeivyy pavbavovoay ta BédriaTa ayporepors Huty. TIpds
deav, edynv eyo, ® “laxo L Tp@ Ovod » epyv eyo, @ Ioxouaye, Ti TpaTOV SiOdoKeWw
»” > ?, 8 A e 5) \ A 3. HX 4 , NPXOV avtTyv, Oinyov pou ws Eyw TavT ay HOLdY Gov
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ATTIC PROSE
4 ood Sinyounevov akovoyst, 7) €l Lol yupiKoy % tmmuKdv ayava Tov Ka\\oTov Sunyoto. Kai 6 ‘loyduayos amexpivato, Ti 8, ébn, & La- ¥ > Kpates, evel On por YeLponOns Hv Kal ereriPacevTo wate SiaréyerOat, jnpopny adtynv, edn, &d€ ws: > > ¥ Eiv€ pou, ® ydvat, dpa dn KaTevonoas Tivos Tote bd > , » See . e ‘\ A ¥ , eveka €yw Te oE EXaBov Kal ol Gol yovets Edoaay Ge > , , \ ‘ ¥ e \ > A \ e €uot; Bovdevdpevos pev yap eywye UTEep eE“ov Kal ob ol yovels vmép gov, Ti” av Kowwvov BéAtiaTOV ¥ ‘ , 4 , DF \ — r € , OLKou TE Kal TEexVoV NaBoer, eyo Te TE EEeheEapnr, Kal Ol Gol yovels, ws eoikacw, ek Tov SuvaTav epe. A \ \ > ene , > se \ viv d€.d7 otkos nuty Ode KoWwds eoTW. eyd TE yap 7 Oo moL EoTW aTarTa Eis TO KOWOY aTOdaivw, aU TE 9 ‘ Oca HvEéyKw TavTa els TO KoWdv KaTéOynKas. Kal > A A , , »¥ b) ” , ov TovTo Set oyilerOar, TOTEpoS apa apiOu@ meio A - A > 9 cupBeBytar nuorv, add’ éxetvo Set ed eid&var, ort e , >» e A , \ = ae ‘ oT0Tepos av nuav BedTiwy KoWwvds 4, OUTOS TA » telovos afta ovpPadXerau. > , , > , N A e Amexpivato 5€ pot, @ YHKpares, TPOs TavTa 7 yuryn, Ti & av éyd cou, dy, Svvaipny cvprpaka ; 4 \ e > ‘ 4 > a oe \ , 5 Poe > ‘\ tis O€ 7 eur Svvapis; GAN ev Gol wavta éotiv’ enov > ¥ e , » = A ‘ \ & edynoew 7 pyTnp epyov eivat cwdpovelv. Nai pa >» ee eee , \ \ Ry ary ate , At’, ednv é€yo, © ylval, Kal yap Kal e“ot Oo TaTHp. > \ /, 7 3 \ 3 % \ / ahha cwdpovev tol éott, Kal avdpos Kal yuva.Kos, 9 a 9 , »¥ e , g ‘ OUTwWS ToLElY OTwS TA TE OTA ws BéATLOTA EEE Kal A lal wn \ , G\\a ore mAetaTa é€k Tov Kadod Te Kal SiKalouv , er, , , ¥ ere € , 9 mpooyenoera. Kal ti dé, edn, dpas, 4 yuvy, oO ~ > \ T. av é€ya To.ovca ouvavfount Tov oikov; Nat , g » a 4, pa At’, edyy eye, a te of Deol Edvody oe SvvacAau
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OECONOMICUS OF XENOPHON 43
Kal .6 VOMOS TUVETALWElL, TaUTA TELP@ ws BéATLOTA qTOLELV.
Kat ti 69 ratvrTa éorw; edn exeivyn. Oitpar pev ¥ ¥ > as , ¥ > , , \ (ywye, Epnv, ov Ta EhaxiaTov aia, Ei wy TEp ye Kal e > “~ 4 ce XN 4 5 > 5 , 5 4 NY T2 opyHve nyenav petra ew e€axiorou a€ious + 5 7 5 . 4 + , A e Epyois epeoTnKkev. €ol yap ToL, Edn havat, Kal ol Geol, & ytvar, Sokovar Todd SierKenpevos padiota A ~ nw 7 aA A ~ A TO Cevyos tovTo ovvTeferkevar 6 Kadetrar Ondv Kal ¥ 7] 9 By 7, oy e A > \
AappeEV, OTWS OTL WHEALLWTATOV H a’TW Els THY KOWW- , > > , 5 ‘\ Y e , viav. Kat THY dvaow evOds Taperkevagery 6 Oeds,
er 33 \ Ary \ a \ aah eet. 8 ¥ @S €.0l OOKEL, THY LEV THS yuvarkds emt TA EvOov Epya. AL 4 \ \ a 3 X = lata \ Y» ¥ Kal eTednpata, THY S€ TOD avOpos emt Ta e&w Epya. \ > , ev \ \ \ , N Kal emiehnpata. plyn pev yap Kat Oddrn kat ddouTopias Kat oTpareias Tod avdpos TO capa Kat TH Wuxyny paddov dvvacOar KapTepely KaTecKevace* 9 . EE “) , & 5) “ ¥ ‘ “~ be A woTe Ta €€w eméeTagey avTw epya’ 7H Oe yuvaikt ATTov TO capa Suvarov mpds TavTa dvaas, Ta Evdov ¥ 5 nw , ¥ 4 See ~ , Epya auTn, davar Eby, Tpoota€ar por Soke 6 Oeds. X XA ‘ \ , \ ‘ 7 5 . > 4 dua 5€ TO THY ovow LN TPOS TavTA TAVTA ap.porépav ev mepukevat, dua TovTO Kal SéovTar waddov addA7jAwv 2. \ ~ 5 7 ¢ wn , a A Kal TO Cevyos a@pedy@TEpoy EavT@ yeyeyTal, a TO 9 5 , ‘ yy , nw , eTepov eAXeElTETAL TO ETEPOV Suvapevov. tavta é, ¥ Pm» igi A > 4, > , a ¢ , e A edyv, Set Nuas, @ yUvat, EiddTas, & EKATEPW TUL@V , e \ A A A oe e , Tpooréraktat v7T0 Tov Oeov, Tepacbar Oras ws BEA- TLOTA TA TPOTHKOVTA EKATEpOY Huav SiaTpatrec bar. nw , Yy A XA £ , > , Luvevawet dé, efyn ddvar, Kal 6 vopos adra, \ » \ A \ x \ = ¢ oulevyyds avodpa Kai yuvatka* kal kaha dé eivar 6 , 5 , aA e >. ¥ e 7 ~ vowos amodeikvucw & 6 Heds Eduoev ExaTepov waddov , yi a \ \ \ , ¥ , dvvacBar. TH meV yap yuvaxt Kadd\ov evdov péevew
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ATTIC PROSE
» O Netvy, TO OE avdpl aloy.ov évdov pévew 7 i) Ovpavdeiv, 74 pi aicxiov évSov pévew 7) Tov e&w emieretrOar. ei d€ Tis map’ a 6 Oeds Efvoe ~ »¥ \ > na \ \ > / \ TOLEL, LOWS TL Kal ATAKT@V TOs Deovs ov AVAEL, Kal dikny dSidwow apehav TOV Epywy TOV EavTOU 7) TpaT- a \ » A ‘\ Tov Ta THS yuvatkds Eepya. Soxel dé por, env, Kat TOV pENTTOY YyYE“@V ToLAvTA Epya vo TOV Deod mpooreraypeva Suatroveto Pan. \ A > » Cpe; ¥ ¥ e aA Kat ota 5, &byn éxeivn, epya exovoa 1 TOV na na lal e \ pedutToV Hyenav eEoporovTar Tots Epyous ots eue Set 4 ; "0 ” > 7 b] / > A , mparrew ; Ort, ebyv eyo, exewn TE EV TO OLNHvEL , >) he n! \ \ Wh > mA, aA fevovea ovK €a apyovs Tas pehitras cival, AAA’ as
pev det €€w epyaler Oar exméurrer Eml TO Epyov, Kal a
4
x 7, 7A ¢ , > tA BQO 7 \ 4 av avtav exaotTn elapépy oid€ Te Kal déyeTat, Kal 4 a »” > x 5 / a a b) Loa de € odle tavTa est av O€n ypnoba. emedav dé 7 @pa Tov ypnoba HKyn, diavewer Td Sikaroy ExaoTy. Ay 3 ‘\ a“ ¥ - sane | 7 4 5 , Kat émt Tots evdov 0 eEvpawopevors Knplois Ef€aTHKEV, @s Kah@s Kal Tayéws VpaivyTaL, Kal TOV yryVvdevov , > a e > / ee} \ An ie) TOKOV ETULENELTAL WS EKTPEPYTaL’ ErreLdav Oe ExTPAdH Kal a€voepyot ol veoTTol yévwvTat, atrouKiler avTOUS CVV TOV ETOMEVWY TWL NYELOVL. > AN \ > A a H Kat €ue ovr, eby n yurvy, Seqoe: TavTa Tove ; , , »” by , Y 4 ‘ e Aeyoe: pevtor oe, Epnyv eye, EvOov TE weve, Kal ots x > 2 S las lal pev av €€w TO Epyov H TaY OiKETaY, TOUTOUS TUVEK- La} a eK méuTrev, ots 8 av evdov épyov épyactéov, TovTwr \
COL ETLOTATHTEOV’ Kal TA TE LahEepopeva ATOOEKTEOY, ur at. \ x b) La , A \ , Kat &@ pev Gy avtay déy Satavav, col diaveuntéor, aA aS 4 4 i ‘ , a@ So ay tepittevew Sén, Tpovontéov Kal dudaKTéov OTWS PY Els TOV EviavTOYV KELevn SaTavy els TOV
pynva daravata. Kal oray épia eloevexOn oot, em
fe)
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OECONOMICUS OF XENOPHON 45
, Y ey Oe , , We) \ pedynréov ows ots Set iudria yiyyytar. Kat oye Enpos OtTOS OTS KAAS ECOHdipLOS ylyvyTal, ETLWEHTEoV. EV petro. TOY cor TpoTHKdyTaV, Ebyy Eyo, ETLEANMG-
~ > , / s yY aA 3 , Twv laws ayapioTorepoy Sd€e civar, OTL Os ay Kay lot > A , 4 TOV OLKET@Y, TOUT@Y GOL ETLYLEANTEOY TAYT@V OTS , \ 9 » ¢ , > , Oeparevntar. Ny At’, ehy n yuryn, €mtxapiT@ratov \ > a , 4 ¢ ” JA pev ovv, nv péd\r\wot ye ot Kalas Oeparevbevtes , + \ 5 4, xX , ¥ xdpw eloecOar Kai evvotartepor 7) mpdcbev Exec Han. \ > - + Cite 3, 7 5 \ >] lex! XN Kai eyo, edn 6 “loyduaxos, ayaobets avtns THY amoKpiow, eimov’ “Apa ye, @ yivar, dia Tovavras Twas Tpovolas Kal THS EY TO Tver YyEHOvos at péditrae ovtw diatifevta, pds avTyVY wWaoTE, OTAV 3 / > / =) , ” Qn lal > éxewn ekimyn, ovdeuta oleTar TOV pediTT@V aZO- > > 9 a Newrtéov eivat, GAN ErovTa, TAT aL; KAL T yuVy) joe , Plas ae b) , , 3 »” A > Ni X\ A amekpivato' Oavualoywr av, epyn, €l pn TpOS GE paddrov Teor Ta TOU YyE“ovos Epya 7 TpOS EME. e Xx > A ‘\ La) y” XN ‘\ 7 n yap uy pvdraky Tov evoov Kal dravoyy yedota Tus aa > , > A 4 3 A 9 » av, otal, patvouto, eb pr ov ye émuysedoto Oras efa- , > , , > Ly, see, e) a) aN 6& tu eiodépoito. Tedoia 3 ad, epny eyo, 1 enn 3 ‘ 4 3 + > \ ~ 9 N > f Aé; eladopa aivoir av, el 7 Ely OoTLS Ta ELoevexOeEvTA , > e aA »” 5 7, ¢€ > XN , c@lor. ovx opas, epynv eya, ol Els TOV TETPYUEVOV nw Ly, , miOov-dvrdeiv heyopevor ws olKTElpovTaL, OTL MAaTHV Lo aA X ie) »” e , \ X movey Sokovor; Ny Ai’, edn yuvy, Kal yap T\HMOvES ELOLY, EL TOUTS Ye TrOLOVOW. »” a > Ahhau dé Tou, env eye, ldrar Erys€erat, @ ovat, e nw vA noelat vou ylyvovral, 6mdTav aveTLaTHMoVaA TAhacLas haBotoa emuctypova Torjons Kat ditAaclov gor \ aia yévyntat, kal d7déTay daveTLOTHMOVa TApLlEetas KaL
lal SY dtakovias mapahaBotoa, emotHuova Kal ToT)
46 ATTIC PROSE
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‘\ 8 ‘ , \ 3 , ¥ A KQl OLAKOVLKHY ToLnTapLEern TavTos a€iay eyns, Kal OmoTay TOUS pev THPpovds TE Kal @pedt DoW
SB Pp OR Te ¥ > A > A 3 , ‘\ , olK@ EM ToL Ed TORT AL, Edy O€ TLs TOVNPds aivnrat, pore , r \ \ , 72 34 , €&M vou ko\doa’ 70 S€ TavTwy NdicTov, éav Bedtiov Emov davys Kal ewe cov Oeparovta Toujoyn, Kal py 8 , A 0 ‘\ ee 4 A < / > ey ve GoPetobar, pn mpoiovons THs HruKias aTio-
, > um ~ ¥ 4 iAX ‘ , 9 a
TEpa ev TH OLKY Yery, ala TLDTEVONS OTL TPE BuTEpa 9 Xd A \ ylyvouern, 07w GY Kal e“ol KOLVwYOS Kal TaLoLY OiKOU
4 > 4 _t x n~
pvrag apeivor ylyvyn, TooovTw Kal Tywrépa év TO ¥ + ‘ ‘ X / > 0 , b] ‘ »” > OlKM EGE. Ta yap Kaha TE Kayala, eyw ednv, ov PS) \ ‘\ e 4 = tAAQ 8 ‘\ ». > \ > X\
lad Tas wpaoTnTas, adda Oia Tas apeTas eis Tov Biov rows avOpadros emav€erar.
Learning Homer
"Ex tovrov d€ Tahu eirev 6 SwKparns, OdK ato-ypov , > » 5 - ye , , 5 lal 67, @ avOpes, ei nd Eriyeipjyoomev ovvovtes @hehew Ti} evppatvey ahdAyjdous ; évTevev cizov TodXol, Sd Tow Huw e€nyov, Tolwy Aéywv amTopevor paar 3 A A > \ \ , ¥ Y 3.x av Tav7a Towipev. “Eyo pev tolvur, edn, nde av avoha Bout Tapa KadXtov tiv vrocxeow. edn yap dynTov, el cuvdertvotmer, e7idElEew THY avTod Godiar. Kat émideifm ye, edn, €av Kal vpels amavtes eis pécov hépnre 6 Tt ExacTos eriatacbe ayabov. >AAN’ > , ¥ > , N N > , 9 ovoeis col, edn, avTiéyer TO py ov AeEew CO TL EKATOS HyElTaL TAELaTOU aLov éemictac Ba. > ‘ \ 4 ¥ e lé , e€ “A 3739 @ Eyo pev toivurv, edn 0 KadXtas, \éyw vuw ép @ ~ > e > péytotov dpova. avOpadrrous yap oipat tkaves elvar Bedtiovs wroetv. everday Tolvuy Kal Hudv ExaoTos
¥ y > , ¥ , Wee > , elm 0 TL @PEAWLOV EXEL, TOTE KaYw ov POovicw
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SYMPOSIUM OF XENOPHON 47
> A ‘ / > Be io. = , b) ‘ eimety THY TéxVnV Su Hs TOvTO aTEpyaCopar. adda . > ¥ , > 7 , SPE / 3 / av av, epyn, eye, @ Nikynparte, emt Told ETLoTHLY , A er. > e \ > , peya ppovets. Kat os eizev, O warnp emipedovpevos dws avnp ayabods yevoluny, nvdyKac€é pe TavTa Ta c , ¥ A \ tal , BN > , Opyjpov enn pabety: Kal viv dvvatunv av “IMudda 9 5 a | , > ‘\ / ] ~ 3 , > olnv Kat “Odvaoceayv a0 TTOMaTOS ElTELY. GKOVOLT x» > Rr <3 x i , x > \ a ay ovv Kai e€uov a €oecbe Bedtioves, HY Eu“ol ovv7TE. ¥ \ , y Y ¢ , , lore yap Sy7ov o7t Ounpos 0 copeatatos Temoinke A = > oxedov TEept TavTwY ToV avOpwriver. oats av odv e a , x > X x 8 X x vpov BovrAnTar 7 olkovou.KOs 7 ONuNyopLKOs 7 ‘ /, x 9 b] nan a »
OTPATHYLKOS yevér ar, 7) osoros “Ayiddet 7 Atavte » yt / Xx > 8 ~ 3 \ Q 4 3 \ X\ n Néoropt 7 Odvocet, ewe CepameveTw. eyw yap TavTa TavTa eTioTapar.
Beauty of Socrates
\ > ‘O d6€ KadXlas edn, Sd S5é 54, & KpuroBovne, eis . \ A s 2 A \ s , 3 TOV mept Tov KaAovs aywva Tpos LwKpaTyVv ovK avbiotaca ; ’AdN’ ovk avadvopat, edn, @ LHKpares’ ¥ > la adda didacke, el TL ExELS TOPOY, WS KaXiwv Et Emov. povov, Eby, TOV hauTTNpa eyyUs TpoTEVEeyKaT. Eis avaxpirw Towvy oe, Eby 6 LwKparys, TPaTov A 4 ‘al 3 i 4 \ 4 3 , THs Oikyns Kadodpar: aN amoxKpivov. Xd dé ye épara. Ildrepov oty &v avépaTw povov vouiles 7o Kadov evar, Kal ev aw Twi; “Eye pev vat pa At’, edn, Ne Coin! \ 3. Xs 2)? A > kal é€v immw Kai Bot kal év didyous ToAdols. ida A > Ni? , \ \ 4 ‘\ Ms youv ovoav kal dorida Kalnv Kal Eidos Kat dSdpv. Kat was, edn, otdv Te TavTa, pydév Cpota ovTa adn dows, Tavra Kaha elvar; “Hv vy Ai’, édy, zpos Ta Epya Gv veka Exacta KkTdueHa ed eipyacpeva 7,
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ATTIC PROSE
a 3 ‘ 7 } <b weduxdra wpds @ Gy SewpcHa, kai tavr’, Edn 6 KpircBovkos, xaka. ~ y
OicGa otv, Edn, 66Pakpav Tivos &vexa Sedpeba ;
= > ° mee a 7 x id 7 c AjAor, Edn, o7t Tov Gpav. Ovrw pév totvvy dn oF > . >F x ’ > ~ 7 » ~ €uot 6dGahuot KadXloves Gv Tov Cov Etnoay. [las
, > = . . x > > x ’ c ~ e Sy; “Ort of wey cot 70 Kar eh povor dpocw, oi
‘ > ‘ . x > ‘d 8 x x > ’ > S€ uot Kat 70 ex wAaytov dia TO emi7woAaLor €ivat.
, 7 ? > ”~ Aéyeas ov, €dn, xapxivoy evodGahpdrarov civat Tov — , , > 7 . x > . (ewv; Ilavrws Syzov, Edn: éxet Kat zpos ioyw
x > = x » ! , il vous Odfahpovs apiora wEeduKoTas Exel.
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Eier, dn. Tov 5€ pwav woTépa KahXiov, 7 OF) 7 7 a > . , > > ‘ > -~ 27 » a <P 5 eats pe, fd a ei ssi git ahaa
pee yap got pemrapes eis yqY po ot d€ uot Gvanéntavrat, wate Tas waviolaw dopas wpoode xecGar. Tod dé 6) cindy THs pwds Tas Tov dpHov Kadhuov; “Ort, Edn, ovx avTidparze, add’ éa edOvs Tas oWas 6pay G@ av Bovhovtar- H 5é Wmr7 @oTep éexnpealovoa SiaterelyiKe Ta Oppara.
Tod ye pv oréparos, edn 6 KpizoBovdos, vdiepat. ei yap Tov dwosaxvey evexa TeTOinTal, TOAV Gv ov
se = > s : , peccov 7) ey@ a7oodxots.
Xanthippe. his Wife “ »¥
Kai 6 Sexparns eizev, "Ev zodXots, @ avopes, Snrov ort | yuvakeia dvois ovdev yEipwv THS TOV > 5 . 2 f. , Se x. > , 5 a avopos ovca Tvyxavel, yropns S€ Kal toxvos Setrat. @aTe ef 71s tay yuvaika Eye, Gappar SidacKérTa a s > 2 Et . Ed ris 6 7t Bova’ av airy émtotapévn ypnoba.
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MEMORABILIA OF XENOPHON 49
, - > =~ > Kai 6 *Avziofems, Las otv, €6n, & Léxpares, id 7, > % a 5 s = ait ovTw ylyv@oKer, ov Kai ov Taldevets Zarbinzanpy, ~ ~ ~ > a ahha xXpq yuvaiki Te ovcer, oipar S€ Kai Tay yeyeE vnpevey Kai Tav écopevay, yahezw7taTn; “Ort, Edn, c = 4 x = ‘ , , > . Op®@ Kal Tous twatKovs BovdAopevous yerécBar ov Tovs 4 - ’ evrefeotdrovs aka tous Gupoedeis tazous Krope a > vous. vopilovot yap, qv Tovs Towvrous Sivewras , « e , ~ al > , Katexeiv, padiws ois ye ado inmos ypjoerOat. kaya 67 Bovkopevos avOpazos ypnoar Kal durrew TavTnV KexTNpal, EY EldMS OTL, Ei TAUTHY UroITw, e 7 ~ > 7 > rs , padiws rots ye addows azacw avPpaézos ovvécopat. 2 , -~ - Kai ovros pev 87 6 Adyos ovK azo TOV GKOTOD > = ed0€ev eipno bar. Filial Gratitude > _ Aio@opevos 5€ wore Aauzpoxhéa, tov zpecBi- ~ 4 TaTov viov av7ov, Tpos THY pyTépa yadezaivor7a, > , »¥ > a ca > A * = oa > A , > Eizé pot, edn, @ wat, oiofa twas avOpazovs aya- , , . , xy < , piavovs Kadovpevous; Kai pada, edn 6 veavioxos. ’ > x , ae = Katapepadnxas ovv Tovs Ti TOLovYTas TO OvOpa TOUTO > A“ > yy . . > , adzoxahovow ; Eywye, €d4- Tovs yap ev zaforzas, oray Suvduevor yapw azodovvar pH azodacw, aya- , ~ > - 8 -~ , > -~ = , plorous kaXovow. Ovxovr doxovct cot & 70ls adixots ”y ‘ > ’ >. vy, KatahoyileoGar zovs ayapiavovs; ‘“Euorye, €dn. 7 8 82 St. = > 7 a ss > © , H6én d€ wor eoxebo, ci apa, worEp 70 avdpazodi- , +> S - . feofar rovs pev didovs adsxov eivar Soxet, tovs S€ Toemiovs Sixatov, Kat 70 ayapiorew pos per ToUs , *> , > x Se x ’ , didovs adixov €a7t, pds E€ TOUS TohEiovs Sixatov ; Kai pada, €dn- Kai Soxet pot, Ud ov ay 715 ed Tabar, » ? > , ‘ - , > ~~ eve @ihov are Twoheulov, mH TELpaTar yapw aTodr-
ATTIC PROSE—4
50 ATTIC PROSE
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, ¥ > » ¥ Y ¥ A ddvar, adiKos etvar. OvxKovr, el ye ovTws EXEL TODTO, eihikpwys Tis av Ein adiKia ayapioTia; CUvw- podoyet. » A OvKour, dow av Tis peilw ayala rabav py) atro- 5 5 A , 4 LO , x » é , ‘ LO@ Xapw, TOTOUTW AOLKWTEPOS av Ein; TUvedn Kal A , > » (Wet , Y ey , Touro. Tivas ovr, ey, vd Tivwy evpoipev av peilo EvEpyEeTNEvoUs 7) TaLdas Vrd yovewy ; os ol yovets » / 3 lal €K [Lev OVK OVTwY ETOLNT AY ElvaL, TOoadTAa dé Kaha ide Kal TooovTwv ayalav petacyetv, ooa oi Deoi Tapéxovot Tors avOpamos: & Oy Kal ovTws Huw doKet TavTos aia €ivat, woTE TaVTES TO KaTaNLTELV .) ‘\ , / 4 ‘\ ¢ / 3 ‘\ avTa TavTwVY pariaTa pevyomevs Kal at modes ETL Tots peyiortois aduKynpact Cnplay Pdvatov memouy- € > x , A / A LO , Kao, WS ovK av petlovos Kakov poBw THY adiKiay TAVOAVTES. , NS ae , \ , € a A , Kat 6 pév ye Tatnp THY TE EavTOD yuvatka Tpédet, ra ¥ Kat Tots wéANovow Ever Oar Tarot TpoTapacKevaler TaVTA OTA GY OlnTaL TUVOiGEW adTots mpods TOV Bior, A lal ¢ x 4 Lal] e x - A Kal TavTa ws av OvynTar TAELoTA. 1 SE pATNP odV A , A , N , ‘> TOAN@ TOVY TEKOVTA TPEeper TE TO Bpeos Kat Emipe- A > A ep 9° > , 2Q\ , Netrat, od yryvaokov bp’ OToV Ev TAT YEL, OVOE ONpal- , 9 oy =) > 5 ‘ , vew Ouvdmevov OTov Seitar: adN avTy oToyalonevn \ an Ta TE CUUhepovTa Kal KEYapLopeva TELpaTaL EKTAY- lal \ \ pour, Kat Tpéper TOAVY KPOVOY Kat NuEepas Kal VUKTOS “a UTomévovea Tovey, ovK Elduvta Tiva TovTwy yapw \ amo\ywerar. Kat ovK apKket Opéepar pdvov, adda Kal, > \ , € \ > ¢ A , erevoav dd€wow ikavol elvat ot matdes pavOdvew TL, a \ x > \ 54 ¢ =) > os sy ~ & pev av avTol €xwow ot yovets -ayala mpos Tov / 8 5 , a S a y y+ € , Btov, dwWacKovaw: a4 0 ay olwrTat addov ikaveTEpov
ae
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MEMORABILIA OF XENOPHON 51
> , , \ A A \ evar OvdaEar, TéwToveL Tpos TovTOY SaTavarTes, Kal ETULENODVTAL TAVTA TOLOUYTES OTWS OL TaLOES avTOLS , e ‘\ 4 yeovta ws Suvarov BédticTou. A ¥ IIpos tavra 6 veavioxos edn, “AMAA Tor, Ei Kal , lal 7, Ny: 4 , TAVTA TAVTA TETOLNKE KaL AANA TOVTwWY TOA\AaTAGaOLA, -) ‘\ x , 3 “~ bd , \ , ovdets av OvvaiTo adTns dvacyér Oar THY YaeTOryTA. Nye , , Ae: ¥ , > , Kat 0 LwKparns, Idrepa dé, Edy, ote, Onpiov aypio- TyTa Svagopwrépar civar, 7) UnTpOs ; “Evo pev olpar, ¥ A A y ~ EPN, THS MYTPOS, THS ye TovavTyns. “HOn waore obv 7) Oakovoa KaKov TL wor €dOwKEeY 7) aKTicaca, ota vd Onpiwy 75n TodAot Erafov ; “AANA vy Ala, En, héyer a ovK ay Tis emt TO Biw Tavti BovAouTo aKkodoan. >) de , » cy , »” , \ A A v 0€ TOGG, EY O LwWKPATNS, oLEL TAVTN Kal TH Povyn Kal Tols Epyous €K TaLdiov dvcKo\aivey Kal nuepas Kal VUKTOS TpaymaTa Tapacyel, Toca Se AUTHOAL , > > p) , > 7 x ¥ > Kapvov; “ANN ovder@moTe avTyv, Epyn, ovT etre Ae RE) , 2Q\ STE vos > , ouT eToinoa ovdev ef @ yoyvvOn. , ~ ¥ ~ Ti dé; ola, edn, yarerarepov eval wou aKkovew av avtTn déyeL, 7) Tots UToKpLTals OTaV ev Tats Tpaye- diais aAAyWAovs TA Exyata héywow; *AAX’, oat, 3 ‘\ 5 ~ Lal , A ‘ 5 4 €TELON) OVK OloVvTaL TMV NEyovTwY OUTE TOV Eh€yyxoVTA aN 2 4 , + \ > la) Bb} A eheyxew wa Cnutwon, ovTe Tov amevdouvTa azrevhew 9 , , e Yh , SS S > Wa KaKOV TL TOLHON, padias hepovot. Lv €U 3 \ y a - e 7 b] , > \ \ eldw@s OTL & hé€yer WoL 7) LATYHP Ov pLovoY OVdSEeY KaKOP voovoa héyer, dha Kat Bovrdopéevyn cor ayaa civar 4 0 \ + We x i? / ooa ovdert aldo, xadematvers; 7 vouilers KaKovouv ‘ , 5 > A ¥ A , > THY pynTépa aor ewar; Ov dyTa, ehy, TOUTS ye OvK olopan. \ : A ¥ BY Kat 6 Lwxparys: OdKovv, efy, ad Tavryy, EvvovY
52 ATTIC PROSE
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, > S \ > nN an c » ov TE TOL OVTAaY, Kat ETYLE\oMEr’HY WS parloTa SbvaTaL KG{LVOVTOS, OTS VyLalvns TE KAL OMS TOV emITNOELwY ‘\ > ‘\ ¥ \ ~*~ 4 \ lal pndevds evdens eve, Kal mpdos Tov¥ToLs moda Tots Jeots ebyonevnv ayala wrép cov Kal evyas amo- d.d0vaar, yahemnv eivar pys; eyo pev oipar, el , 2% , , , > Yd =f TolavTnv fir) SWvaca Pépew pytépa, tayaba ce ov dvvac Oat déepew. ovK ola 6Tt Kat modus ahdns ‘\ > , 5 “A > -~ > \ / pev ayapiotias ovdeuias emyredetrar ovde duKalen, > \ a \ > , , > > GAA TEpLopa Tovs ev TEeTOVOdTas yapLY OdK aTOdL- id 3N\ vA / \ 4 4 a Sdvtas, €av 5€ Tis yovéas py Oeparedy, tovTw Sixnv > / N > , > 2” >”
Te €miTiOnor, Kat arodokyidlovaa ovK ea apyew A ¢ ¥ aN Nose \ > A , lees an TOUTOV, WS OUTE GY TA Lepa EVTEBOS Ovdpeva dTEp THS / , 4 x ” -” \ yf TO\EwWS, TOUTOV O¥ovTos, ovTE dANO Kaos Kal diKaiws > s\ x vA 2, ‘\ ‘\ / ae lal ovdey av TovTov mpakavtos; Kal v7 Ata édv Tis TOV yovéwy TehevTHTdVTwY TOUS Tapous 1 KoTPLH, Kal tovto eferdla 7 TOkis & Tals TaY apyxovTwY SoKt-
paciats. ee eS re a N \ ‘ Xd ody, @ Tal, av Gwpporys, Tovs pev Heodvs Tapai- > ” A THTEL TVYyVOmovas Got civar EL TL TAPNMWEANKAS THS LYTPOS, LH TE Kal OUTOL, VoMioarTEs AYapLoTOY Elvan, > > , 5 an \ ae > 0 , > ovk eOehycwow ed ToLlelv. Tovs Ce avOpaTovs ad 14 , > , La) , 5 lal duragea, py ce alcOduevor Tov yovéwy apehovvTa TUVTES ATILATWOUW, EiTa ev Epnuia pilwv avadarys: el yap oe vrodkdPouevy pos TOvs yovelts aXApLOTOY ” Yo Os eivar, ovdels Gv vomiceey ED GE TOLnoas Xap amodywer Pau. Agesilaus in Asia > , ¥ N , ny » A , Aynathaos €Tt ev véos wv Ervxe THS Baowreias: ¥ A > Pines: &, 3 on > fA ‘ apt O€ ovTos avbrov év TH apyy, eEnyyéOn Bacreds
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AGESILAUS OF XENOPHON 53
6 Mepodv abpoilwy Kat vavtikov Kat meLov mohv Y¢ e > \ X y , oTpdrevpa ws emt Tovs E\dnvas. Bovdevopevav Sé mept tovrov Aakedaoviov Kat TOV ouppayar, 7A Xr ¢e , 2\ YA Cys Lo: , \ ynoihaos vréoTn, €av OOTW aVT@ TPLAKOVTA [EV an 7, \ , 2} 5 Srapriarav, Siayidiovs Sé veodapades, eis Cake Xe- Movs 8 7O oWyTaypa TOV CUppdxar, SiaByoerIar cis THY ’Aciav Kal meipdoerOar eipHyyy Toinoat, 7, x tal / € , b) , > la av wohepety Bovidyntat 6 BapBapos, acxodav avT@
LG , STEN \ 4 mapecew oTpatevew emt Tous KAAnvas. EvOobs ev obv moddol Tavu HydaOnoay avTo TOvTO ‘\ 3 ”~ b] \ e 7, , > \ XN Td émOuunoar, érerdr) 6 Hépans tpdcbe ent tHv ‘E\AdSda Su€Bn, av7SiaBjvar em’ adrov, To Te aipeto Oar éridvTa paddov 7) vTopevovTa payerOar avT@, Kab \ 3 7 “a 4 Las x \ Cae TO Takelvouv datravavta Bovr\ecOar waddov 7 TA TOY ‘E\Myjvev Todenetv. Kad\uoTov O€ TavT@Y ExplveEToO, wry wept THs “EAddos adda TEpt THs “Actas Tov ayava Kabioravar. 10) / lal >A , “ay , ae > , vy towvy tH Acia noe TpaTN Tpatis EyEveETo. Ticoadhépyys pev opocev ’Aynovdw, ei oretoaito EES E oul Ds 4 A A , XN , > , éws €\Oorev ods Téeuere TpOs Baoirté€a ayyedous, Suatpakec Oar aia apeOjvar avtovdpous Tas ev TH ia ” ie i] > ¢ > , Agia modes “Ehdnvidas: “Aynoihaos 5€ avTadpoce \ Y oe , e€ , a , A omovdas afew ddd\ws, Gpirdpevos THS TPAakews TpEts la e \ \ , a + 7% pnvas. 6 per On Tisrcadépyys, & apooer, ebOvs épevoato* avTl yap Tod elpyrnv TpaTTew, oTpAaTevpLa x N , XN e , > To\v mapa Baoi€ws pos w mpoalev €iye [ETE Ze 3 7 , 7 b) , n néutero. “Aynatdaos ¢, kaimep atofopevos Tavta, Ouws evepeve Tals oTOVOats. > > a a A Epot obv tovro mpatov Kadov doxet duampagac ar,
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ATTIC PROSE
4 4, \ 3 / > 4 ¥ o7t Tisoadépryyy pev endhavioas étlopKov, amioTov Taow eroinoev: éavTov 8 avremideiEas mpatov pev Opkous euTedovwTa, ereita TvvOynKas py Wevdopevor, mavras emoinoe Kat “EXAnvas kat BapBapovs Oap- A , rf lal ¥ , povvtas ovvtiPer bar EavT@ et Tt BovdAorTo. > \ , “A “A 7 c > ~ Ex S€ rovrov mpoetme Tots aTpaTi@rats ws EvOds \ A WYYToOTO THY GuVTOMwTaTHY emL TA KPaTLOTA TIS xXaépas. 6 pévto. Ticoadhépyyns tatTa pév evdpice héyew avrov BovAopevoy eEatrarnoat, eis Kapiav dé nA » > A , > \ > , , T@ ovTr EuBarelv. 76 TE ovv welov eis Kapiav dieBi- ‘\ X ¢ X\ > ‘\ , , - Bace kai 70 immikdy cis 76 Matavdpov srediov Kate- oTnoev. 6 dé Aynaihaos ovK ehevoaTo, add’, oTEp “ rAd > XX s 8 ‘\ , 5 4 mpoeitev, evOvs eis TOV Lapdiavov TOToY ExwpyCE. Kal Tpets ev Nuéepas Ov epynutas Tohenlwy mropevo- ~ ~ wr nw wevos, TOAAA Ta ETLTHOELA TH OTpaTLA TapElye* TH dé TeTapTn Hepa HKov ot TOV TOMELIwY UTTELS. Kai ot Hépoar avtimaperd€avto tapmdynbéor Tav 4 4, ¥ X c > S , mréewv tTa€eow. eva b4 6 “Aynoidaos yryvdoKar
2 on
A \ a ¥ G 7. XN 4, 5 ‘al A OTL TOs pev TOELLOLS OVTH TapEln TO TELdV, avT@ SE ovdev amein TOV TapEeTKEvaT Lever, KaLpoV NYYTATO , , , > \ \ , Layny ovvarar. opayracapevos ovv THY pev Parayya evOds tyev emt Tods avtiteTaypévous imméas, ex dé Tov OTitav exédevoe TA Séxa ad Ans Hew oudce auTols, Tols O€ wed ts cite Spdpw vdynyetobar TOUS, TOLS Te\TaoTats eive Oponw vodny : , \ \ lal e lal 5 , e 5 “A Tapryyere O€ Kal Tots immedow euBadrew, ws avTov al ‘\ \ TE KAL TAVTOS TOV OTPAaTEVMATOS ETOMLEVOV. TOUS [EV \ e , > 4 e EA ‘\ “ ~ > \ 51) imméas ed€Eavro of ayabol trav Tepoar: éevdy \ 9 , ‘ ~ ~ ee 3 , > 7 6€ dua tavra Ta Sewa TapHy em avtovs, evéxhway,
X A A b) A“ 5 \ 5 A a ra Kal ot pev avtav evfis &v T@ Tlaxtwko toTapw
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AGESILAUS OF XENOPHON 55
€mecor, ot O€ ahdou edevyov. ot dé “EAAnves Eqopevor aipovot Kal TO OTpaToTEOOY avTav. ‘O dé “Aynaihaos evOds Hye emit Yapders, KaKet 4 \ » ‘ 5 2 ‘\ ‘\ ‘\ + 7 A apa pev ekate kat e7OpHe Ta TEpt TO aoTV, apa Se \ , > /, ‘ \ > / 7 kal knpvypate €Ojdov, Tovs pev ehevfepias Seopévovs @S TpOS TUppayoy avroy Tapetvar: et SE TWES THY "Aciav éavTa@v ToLovvTar, mpos Tovs edevHepodvTas Suakpwopevous €v oTois Tapelwar. rel LEVTOL OvOELS = 4 5 A \ 33 > X\ “af 3 , ‘ 53 avTeEne, ddeas 57 76 a7d TOUTOV EoTpPaTEvETO, TOUS pev , n~ iA > , c n mpoobev mpockuve “EdAnvas avayKalomevous par , cys «a c , nN > > an \ TyLwpevous vd av VEpilovTo, Tors O aEvovvras Kal Tas Tov Gey TyLas KapTOvTOaL, TOVTOUS TOLWTAS Lyd avTiBérew Tots “EXAnor S¥vacbar: Kal THY pev TaV 4 , > 4 4 \ \ “ / dhilav xépayv adyjwrov Tapéxwrv, THY S€ TaV TOELLOV oUTw KapTovpevos wate ev Svolv érow méov TeV éxatov Tadavtwv TO Hew év Aeddots Sexarnv drobicar. ‘O pévto Tepoav Bacidreds, vonioas Tixoadépynv airiov evar Tov KaKas déperbar Ta EavTov, TiPpav- oTny KataTémbas amrérewev avtov TH Kehany. peta . lal ‘\ x la / » > / 5 , d€ TovTo Ta pev Tov BapBapwyr eri afvpdtepa eyevero, \ 2 , ‘\ > , > ‘\ ,
Ta d€ “Aynowddov Todd Eppwpeveotepa. a0 TaVTwY yap tav eOvav érpeaBevovto wept didias, wool Sé X > , \ > A > / ”~ > , Kal aploTavTo Tpos avTov Opeyouevat TNS EAEvGeEptas, @oTe ovKeTt “EXAyvev povov ata Kat BapBdapwv A c \ we , Todor nyewoav nv Aynotdaos.
Recalled to Hellas
"A€vov ye pay Kat evtevbev v7epBahdovTws ayarbau QUTOV, OTTIS apywv pey TauTO\AwY ev TH ATELp~
56 ATTIC PROSE
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, ¥ ‘ \ , sag \ Ny Q Tohewv, apywv O€ Kal vHow, érel Kal TO vavTLKoY Tpoonwev avT@ 1 TOS, avFavdmevos 5é Kal edKheia
\ , Ss > > A Co \ > ey kat duvdpe, tapov 5 avt@ mohdots Kal adyabors
A 4 > , \ x / XN , xpnobar 6 Te EBovdeTo, mpds dé TovTOLS TO péytoTOL, emivoav kat elmilwv Katavoew Hv emt THY “EX\ada OTpaTvovtav TpOTEpov apyyv, ows Var ovdEVdS
4 > / A > > > \ aN > ~/ > ‘\ “A Tovtav expatyOn* add’ érevdy HAOEv adta ard TeV
ȴ A A ral , > , a , otkot TeA\@v BonOety 7H Tatpidr, emeiHero TH TOdEL
> \ / X 7-2 m3 4 + c \ ovdev diahepovTws 7) El Ev TH Ehopeiw ervYEV EaTNKwS povos Tapa Tovs TEVvTE, aha EVdyoy ToLaY ws OUK dv Tacav THY ynv SéEato avTl THs TaTpidos.
Tav pev dy €v TH “Acia tpakewv TodTo TéAos éeyé-
@v Lev OF ul fed oles c , ‘ veto. OiaBas dé tov “E\Ajomovtoy éropevetro dia rn > ro 5 ~ a c , lol an tTav avtav €Ovav avmep 6 Hépons T® tapmdy bet ito" Kal Hv éviavoiav 6ddv 6 BdpBapos ézour- oTo\w" Kal 7 ola | pBapos émon Caro, TAUTHY pEelov 7) eV pHi KaTHVUGE 6 ’Aynol haos. el 6€ eEapeipas Maxedoviay eis Oerradiav adixero, vrepBallov 7a “Ayaika THs POias opy > 7 > ‘\ “ 4 3 n ‘\ ~2 émopevOn eis Ta BowwTav pia. évtadfa 81) avt- TeTaypévous evpwav OnBatovs *“APynvaiovs *Apyeious KopwO@iovs Atviavas EbBo€as kai Aoxpods audoté > \ > , 3 ce ) A“ lo > pous, ovdev eué\\ynoev, add’ ex Tod davepov QVvTLTaAp- ératte, Aakedaipovioy pev exov popav Kal jutov, ~ > > / vA , Neo & Tov 0 aitédey cuppdyav Paxéas Kal "Opxopevious povous, TO T a\No oTpaTevpa STEP HydyeTO avTos.
Battle of Coronea Kat 4 payn éyevero oiatep ovk adn Tav ed’ Nov. ouvyerav mev yap eis 76 Kata Kopwvreiav
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AGESILAUS OF XENOPHON - 57
Tediov ot pev adv Aynoildw amd ToU Knducod, ot d€ ody Tots OnBalors ad Tod “EXuK@vos. Ewpav Se Tas Te hadayyas adAjhov para tooudyous, cyedov d€ Kal ol inmels Hoav ExaTépwy icomAnfets. eiye \ ¢ > / Aw > ~ la) > e lal dé 6 “Aynoihaos péev 7d deidv Tov pe? Eavtod, > , \ yy ss 5 “ nw > 4 Opyopemor S€ Exxyator Hoav av’T@ TOV EvwVvjov. c : > A > A ot 8 av OnBator adroit pev Se€vot Hoar, "Apyetou 0 avTots 70 EVavUpor Eixor. = > Luvidvrav Sé, Téews prev ovyy OAM) Hv aw apdo- la ¢ , XN b) “ > 7 oo 4 Tépwv* yvika dé ametyov ad\y\wv ooov otdd.or, ahahd€avres ot OnBator Spduw dudce Ef€povTo. as \ -~ ¥ /, > , » 5 , dé tprav ete TAM pwr ev pérw ovTwY, avTeEedpapov azo THs “Aynouldov fddhayyos av “Hpitmidas é&e- p e a ¥ im payer. ynoav © ovro. Tav Te €€ olKov at’T@ TvOTpA- , ‘\ an / , \ ¥ \ Tevoamevovy Kal Tov Kupeiwy tives, Kat Iwyves de \ 2) A Aye / > , ‘\ 4 Kat Atodets Kat E\Anomovtion €yomevol. KaL TAVTES OUTOL TOV GuVEKOpapovTwY TE eyeévovTo Kal els Sdpu > / =) ve \ > c 4 > “a adikouevor erpebavto TO Kal’ éavtovs. “Apyetor pevto. ovk ed€€arvto tovs apd “Aynoidhaov, adN + SEN \ ec va epuyov emt Tov Edtkova. lal nw »y Kavratéa ot pe twes Tov E€vwv extedavovv nd Tov *Aynotdaov, ayyéd\\er O€ Tis adt@ Ore OnBator MN > i / > NY /, Tovs “Opyopmevious SiakdwavTes ev ToLs TKEVvoPdpoLs > /, VA \ bs ) \ 5 4 A 7 > 5 > eioi. Kal 0 pev evOus e€ediEas THY darayya Hye er > , ¢€ o = a e > N , avtovs: ol 0 ad OnBator, ws cidov Tos TUUpayous mpos T® “Ehuxkave tedevydras, Suateceity Bovdpevor an la) ‘\ Tpos TOS EavTaV, Eyopouv eppopevas. EevTadOa oy > £ 3 ~ \ ” > nd b) / Aynoidaov avdpetov pev e€cotw eimew avaupidrdoyas, 5 4 y / X\ 3 4 3 XN ‘ > aA od pévTor etheTO ye TA dodhad€otata: €fdv yap adT@
58 ; ATTIC PROSE
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mapevt. Tovs Siatinrovras Emopmevw yerpovabar Tods oma bev, ovK ETOINGE TOUTO, GAN’ avTYLeTwrOS GUvEp- lal ‘\ page tots @nBatous. Kat cupBaddvtes TAS aon das, EewlotvTo Eudyovto ameéKtewov aréOvnoKov. Kai Kpavyn pev ovdeuia Taphv, ov pyv ovde ovyy, pwr) d€ Tis Hv TOLAvTH Olav dpyy TE Kal payyn TapacyouT » , de an , aA \ 8 FA \ av. Té€\os 0€ THY OnBatwy ov pev OLamimTovaL pds Tov “Eduk@va, toddol 0° dtoywpovrtes aréOavov. > 87 be ec \ / ‘ > /, > , Even 0€ N mev vikKn ovv “Aynoihaw éyevero, , S aus , a \ \ aN TETPMMEVOS O avTOS TPOTHVEYOH pds THY darayya, TpocehacarTés TWES TOV iTTéwy h€yovolW avT@, OTL Tov Todeniav bySoyKovTa ody Tots OTAOLS LTO TO va@ €iol, Kal NpwTwy TL ypH Tovey. 6 O€, Kalmep TOANG TpavpaTa ExwY TAVTOTE Kal TaVvTOLOLS O7)oLs, 4 5 > / a“ 0 , > > =” > , Opws ovK eme\dfero Tov OHeiov, a\N’ eav TE aAmévat 4 , > =i \ 7) “A > x ‘\ Grou BovAowTo Exéheve Kal adiKEly OdK Ela, Kal TPO- , tee xt > > OTN ¢€ A »” > A Téurpau eréerake Tovs aud avrov immets, EoTE ev TO > tot / aopadel €yevovTo. = , ~ \ , "Ered ye pny ehyn€ev 7 wayn, Taphny 7 Oedoacbar, ¥» , > 4 By \ ~ 7d ev0a ouvémerov adAyAOLS, THY MEV YHV alate TEpup- ft ‘ oe , Xn \ x 4 pevnv, vexpovs O€ Keypevous diAtovs Kat Toelous per adddnhov, aomidas Sé SiateOpuppeévas, Sdpara ovtepavopea, eyxepioua yupnva Kohe@y, TA pev Xapai, 74 0 ev cHpact, Ta O ETL weTA XElpas. TOTE A > x \ 5 nO > , x 4 XN fev ovv, Kal yap Hv non We, TvvEedKVoaVTES TOUS TOV TohLTaY VveKpovs ciow hahayyos €deTVoOTOLy- ‘\ > rd i. \ la) \ , cavto Kai exoiunOnoav: mpat de Tv\w tov mode papyxov taparadfa. Te éxéXevoe TO OTPaTEvpa Kal Tpomavov totacOa, Kat orepavotoba rdvras T@
ite)
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AGESILAUS OF XENOPHON 59
~ s\ ‘\ 5 XN id 5 Lod \ aA \ Beg, Kal Tovs aviyntas mdvTas avew. Kal ob meV Aaa 49 id ry ec \ i> y, , ¢€ Tavr émolouv’ ot dé OynBator erepisav KHpUKA, V7TO- omovdous Tovs vexpovs aitodvTes Odrpar. Kal ovTwS \ Y \ 7 WG a) 4 y 83) at Te oTovdal yiyvovtat Kal 6 "Aynoidaos otkade a SP BETS avTL TOU peytoros Elva €v TH "Acia otKko. TA VOmYyLa peV Ee Ta vouiya de Boe oa Panhellenic Patriotism > 4 y ¥ \ 4 > ie Aynothaos, orov weTo THY TaTpioa TL @pehyoen, 3 , c , > , > , > , ov rover vdteto, ov KWdivaV adioTaTo, od yYpNnLaTaV b) 4 b) ~ > ~ 5 Te b) \ \ efelSeTo, OV THpa, OV ynpas Tpovpacilero, ara Kat Baoitéws ayabov tovTo epyov évdutle, TO TOVS apXo- pevous ws mAcloTa ayaa mov. e ye pny av Kahov "EXAynva ovta iréd\dynva elvat, Tiva Tis elder A XN x fe > > /, e A dd\Xov otparnyov 7 wow ovK« eé€dovTa ailpely, oTav olntar TopOynceyv, 7 cvpdopav vomilovta To vikav €v TO TPs EAAnVas TOhEWw ; EKELVOS TOLVUY, > / \ 3 4 b] “A e 3 io 3 a 7 dyyehias pev EMfovons ait@ ws ev TH ev KopivOw ayn okTa pev Aakedamoviwy éyyds d€ pup.oe TOV 4 a] > > A si 3 , mohepiov TeAvaevr, ovk epynobeis pavepos éyévero, ad’ eirev dpa, Ded @ “EAAAs, O7d7€ of vov TeAVNKOTES ikavol noav Cartes vikav tavtas Tovs BapBdpovs. 4 \ La) , / 4 > Kopwitwr ye piv tov devydvtmv heyovtwv Ore Or Sotro avTots H TOs, Kal pnyavas érioeKViVTwY ais mavtes nimulov édev Ta TELXN, OVK OEE TpoTBah- hew, Néywv Ort odK avdpaTodiler Oar déou “Ehdyvidas TONES, GAA Twdpovile. Hi d€ rovs awaptavortas, ¥ ra nan > lal 5) an c lal \ \ sO ebn, Huov avTav adaviovmer, Opav Ypy [fy Ov 4 ;, ¢ IN / 7 e€opev pel drov Tay BapBapwv Kparycoper.
60 ATTIC PROSE
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Spartan Simplicity y \ > Cal > / 4 > c , Ayapat 6€ KaKetvo “Aynoiddou, OTe ody OmdrEpos 4 , ¥” \ rd »¥ , Trelw TE YpHuaTa EXoL Kal TELOVwY apxoL, TOUT e / “ rd > > 2 if / > /, HyyocaTo petlov hpovyréoy eivar, aN’ omdTEpos avros TE Gpeivayv Elin Kal apuevovwy HyotTo. 6 pev yap 4 4 xX "he Lal ¥ / > Ilépons, vopilev, Hv xpypata mretoTa evn, wavd bh éavt@ ToijoecOar, dia TovTo Tay pev TO ev > , , A \ ~ > , 4 \ ‘\ avOpémots ypualov, Tav dé Td adpyvpiov, TavTa Sé Ta 4 > “~ \ e XN > / a TohuTehéorata emeipato mpos éavTov alpoilew. 6 d€ ovTws avTesKevacato TOV olkoV woTE TOUTWY § X 5 a > 5 , a > e iO / pndevos tpoctdetc Oa. el S€ TUS TAVTA aTLOTEL, LOETW \ Y Bee g ¥ 32m , A de \ Au fev ola olkia npKe adT@, Oeacdobw dé Tas OGvpas QUTNS* EKA ELE yap av TIS ETL TaVTAS EKElvas EivaL 9 A aomep “Apiotddnuos 6 “Hpakdéous, ore KaTnOe, haBav éreotnoato’ Teipacdcbw dé Dedoacbar THY » , 3 , Me > , > c evoov KaTacKeuny, evvonadtw dé as eJoivaler év Tats Ouctas, dkovodtw dé as émt woditiKod Kavabpov , | > , e , > lal an Karner els “Apvcdas 9 Ovydrnp avrov. Tovyapodv 9 5 / ‘\ 4 A if =} 5 ovTws ehappdoas Tas SaTdvas Tats Tpoaddots, ovdEeY nvayKalero ypnpdtwy eveka adiKov TpaTTE. > / Kaito. xadov pev Soxet elvar Teiyn avadwra eS e Xv fr 5 \ / ¥ 4 KTaoOat vTd ToNELiov* TohV pévToL Eywye KadALov a , KpWo TO THY avToD WuyHnY avadwTov KaTagKEVAT aL
Ae XN , Ay. O8. \ ec lan sy © ‘\ / Kal UTO XYpHnLaTwv Kal.vTO NOovav Kal UTO Pofov. Hunting as Part of a Liberal Education
9 A 5 Mg To pev evpna Oedv, "Amodwvos Kal *Apréutdos, » \ o ¥ \ ‘\ Sane. 2. dypar Kal Kvves: cdocav O€ Kal éTiunoay TovTw
Xeipwva Sia dSuxardrynta. 6 dé aBav exapn TO
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CYNEGETICUS OF XENOPHON 61
Sdpw kal éxpyto’ Kal éyévovto abr@ pabytai Kwvy- 4 XN € 7 ~ ‘ ] ‘\ yeolwy TE Kal €TEPwV Kkahav Onaevs ‘Odvacevs AvopnSns Kaotwp Iodvdeinns Atvetas “Aytddevs, oa \ , y CARS A > , \ &v Kara xpovov Exagtos U70 Deav EryyOn. Onoeds X \ N me = > \ , , pev yap Tous THs EAXados €xyOpovs maons povos dmoédece, THY O avTov TaTpida ToAA@ peilw ToLnoas met} P d “a a] lol if \ ere kat viv Oavpaletar. “Odvaceds dé kat AcopyHdys hapmpot pev kat kal? & ExacTor, 70 d€ OXov atrvou Tpotay ddavar: Kdorwp o€ Kat Tlolvdevxyns, oa éredeiEavto év 7H “Eddade TAY Tapa Xelpwvos, Ova ~ » / XN > va b) , /, > 5 , , 7d d€lwpa Td €k TovT@Y aBavarol ciow. Aivelas é, , \ ‘\ / X , , odocas péev Tos TaTp@ovs Kat pytp@ovs Geods, vf x A > > ‘\ 7 f > 7 ooéaas S€ Kal avrov Tov tatépa, dofav edoeBelas eEnvéykato, @oTe Kal ol Tod€uior pdvm Exeivo Ov oC ~ expatnoav év Tpoia edocav py ovdrnOyvar. “Axtd- ‘\ Ve) 4 La 7 , 4 \ \ Leds 5é &v ravrn TH Taideia Tpadels, ovTw Kaha Kal ~ 4 peyadha prnucia tapédwoxe wore ovre éywr ovreE dxovav Tept éxelvou ovdels aTayopEveL. OTOL TOLOU- Tou éyévovto ek THs eTyerelas THS Tapa Nelpwvos. "Eya peéev ody mapaw@ Tots véows pr) Katadpovely 4 \ ”~ ¥ 7 - 3 4 ‘\ Kuvyyeriov pnde THs ays wadelas* Ex TOvTaY yap 4 N > Xx / > @ 7 ¥ ‘ »” ylyvovrat Ta eis TOV TOAEHOV ayaGol, ets Te TA AAG €€ Gv avaykn Kalas voew Kai héyew Kal mparrew. > 7 -) e 3 le 7 n » apeyoovra & ot émibuuyoavtes TovTOU Tov Epyou mola’ wyledy Te yap Tols THpaor TapacKevacovor kal 6pav Kal dkovew paddov, ynpdoKkew Se ATTOV* ‘ \ ‘\ by , , , Cit \ 7a, 8€ mpds Tov TéACUOV palioTa TaLdEvEL. Eapwv OE \ an ca Kal ob mpdyovol Hav OTL TAY VEwTEpwv 7 NO0V7) OV] 7 ~ 5 XV VA , , auTn mretoTa ayala mapacKevaler, owppovas TE
62 ATTIC PROSE
x a ‘ , ‘ x > ”“ > , yap moet Kat Sixaiovs dia 7d ev TH adyOecia war
a > , X ‘ e > , ~ \ SeverPar. apetvous dé Kal of €Oéovres wovety. Kal TovTo émdédexTar peydlo wapadelypart- Tay yap
ld e ‘ a 5 ae = > ‘4 ,
maha.orépwy ot Tapa Xeipwrt, av eveuvynaOnp, véor » > , > x ~ ‘4 ‘ ‘ x ovres apfdapevor ard Tay Kuvnyeciwv TONG Kal Kaha
i"
¥ oe e _ ee > a“ , > , > a
€uafov €€ ay éyeveTo adrots peyaddn aperyn, Sv fv
Kat viv Qavpalovrar. Fs Ore péev ep@ou zavtes, ¥ + il X ‘x , a A > “ e
evdnrov* oe S€ dia mover eat Tvyew aitas, ot
‘ > ‘4 ‘ ‘ tS 7
moh\ot adioravrat. 7o pev yap KaTepydoacba > ‘ + e x 7 e > > “ > ,
10 av7yv Gdndov, ot S€ advo ot &y aiTH évorres davepoi.
Oavudlw S€ tav codiaTav Kadovpevor, ott dacit
‘ - > x al e ‘ ‘ , > >
pev € apeTny ayew ot Tool TOvs Veovs, ayovar 8
€zt TowvavTiov* ov yap avépa mov éwpdKxapey ovTw c ~ ‘4 > ‘ > cA > ‘ > ,
15 of vuv GodioTai ayaboy ézotncav. éyw dé idarys per eiut, otda S€ OTe KpaTioTov péy é€oTt Tapa aiTHs ms dvcews 70 ayaloy Siddoxerfar, Sevrepov Sé
7 -~ > ~ > , > 7 “a
mapa Tov adyfas ayaldv 7 émotapévwr, paddov }) U7d Tov eLazatav Téxvny ExovTwv. igus ovv Tots 20 ev Ovopatw ov cEecodicpevas héyw* ovde yap ~ = = ‘ , > > ‘ e “~ {n7@ tov7o* av dé Séovrar cis aperny ot Kahas Ld > ~ > 4 ~ 7 > , meTadevpevol, 6pfas eyvwrpeva (n7@ héyew. dvo- para pev yap ovK Gy waidevoaav, yuopat Oé, «i Kah@s eyouv. wWéyovor 5é Kai addot woAXoi Tovs ~ x ‘ a « x , 9 > ~
25 vUy GDodtaTas Kal ov~Tovs diioTwodous, Gti ev Tots 6vopacr codilovrar Kal ovK €v TOis vonpacW. Ta pev ovv Tav cogioTav Tapayyéhpata Tapawa dvi\arrecFat, Ta Sé Tav dilocddwv Oupypata pH arialew.
CYNEGETICUS OF XENOPHON 6
ion)
7
A \ . 7 e ‘ 7 4 Adyou 5€ wadauot Katéyovow ws Kai Jeot TovTw TO Epy® xXalpovo. Kal TpazTovTEs Kal OpwrTes* wWaTE e , > 7 7, ~ > > ‘ vrapxew evOvupovpevovs tovTav Heodireis 7 Eivar Kai
A ‘ , . - Ces = evoeBels TOUS vEoUs TOUS TOLOVVTAaS 4 eyo Tapaive,
in
>. , ey - er - 2 > + olomévous U7 Yeav tov dpacGat tadTa. otto. 8 ay €lev KAL TOKEDOLY ayalot Kat Taon 7H EavTav TOE
Ne ¢ cA ~ ~ \ j- > , ‘ Kal Evi EKAOTW TOV TOALT@V Kai didwv. ov povov Se g » , 3 , 3 , > B , OcoL avopes Kuvyyeoiav npacbnoay éyévor7o ayafoi, ahha Kai yuvaixes als COwxey 7 Feds TadTa, "ATadavTn
7 , A » »~ 10 Kat IIpoxpis Kat ev Tis GAAD.
— vos exemplaria Graeca
nocturna versate anit, versate diurnda.
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De hCISES | AND GUIDE
Tue Greek language, like any other, is to be learned in the first instance through observation and use. Here, as elsewhere, empirical acquisition must be in advance of what is theoretical or systematic. The latter, however, should follow closely and attend constantly upon the former, to help in converting knowledge into power, and to lend the precision and fineness that are essential to scholarship. The observations of the reading mind need to be sharpened, checked, and, as it were, recorded upon the memory by the practice of the writing hand. All exercise of accurate writing, whether by way of simple copying, translation or re-translation, or original composition, encourages a habit of wholesome reflection, besides prompting frequent reference to system and principle as exhibited in the grammar and lexicon.
Intuition and Imitation. — The faculty of idiomatic expression is derived primarily, in great part, from imitation, conscious or uncon- scious. Mastery of a foreign idiom, in speaking or writing, can never be acquired by the way of abstract notions, but grows out of the con- templation of real phenomena. Thus, to make a sort of prose that would have been intelligible to Xenophon of Athens, one must first become familiar with the Attic mode of expression, as brought to view in the works of that author or of some other writer of his time and class. Such familiarity is not to be gained by preparing analytical translations, deliberately framed to illustrate a set of rules that would have seemed strange and meaningless to the Grecian mind. It must come by a process that is mainly intuitive — by the reading aloud and hearing read, the frequent reciting of Greek originals, unob- scured and unimpeded by the effort to construct a translation — gathering the ideas synthetically, with imagination rather than by reason, and more through the ear than through the eye, in the Greek order of their presentation, with the indispensable help of
ATTIC PROSE — 5 65
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ATTIC PROSE
the embodied rhythmical effects. The writing that follows or accompanies such practice will prove good and genuine in about the same proportion as the writer, when reading, has conned his models with sympathetic, true, and comprehensive insight. |
Rhetorical Articulation. — The primal units of literary expression are single words; and to accumulate a good working vocabulary in Greek there is need of clear discernment and alert attention on the reader’s part, as well as much patient investigation and reflective thought. For idiomatic writing, however, we have to consider not merely the definition of words, but the Grecian way of combining and arranging them to form composite rhetorical factors of a higher grade. In fluent discourse, while the essential meaning of every word em- ployed is strictly essential also to the whole effect, the individuality of the words nevertheless comes to be modified and merged, to a greater or less degree, in the unity of larger constituents. The articu- lations which enable the speaker or writer to convey his thought with distinctness to another’s mind are determined primarily for the most part by groups of words, not by words apprehended singly. The immediately effective masses are the larger and smaller sense- groups. Moreover, these masses are essentially and always rhe- torical, only occasionally and incidentally grammatical, units. That is to say, all complex intelligible utterance is addressed to the same powers as those from which it emanates — to the constructive, not the destructive, powers of the mind. If the rhetorical or synthetic framework of a Greek period be overlaid upon the analytic or gram- matical framework, the two sets of joints will be found but partially to coincide; and in living organic speech the former only are apparent. Thus, while a practical acquaintance with the funda- mental principles of grammar is indeed the condicto sine gua non of intelligibility, skill and power of recognition or expression can advance only farz passu with the receding of grammatical con- sciousness.
In the sphere of humane culture rhetoric, or the art of expres- sion, is the positive, grammar the negative pole — virtus est vitium fugere. For reading or for writing, the Greek language must be observed and studied always with a rhetorical, never with a grammatical, purpose. Ideas are presented and apprehended humanly, not according to diagrams and formulas, but in waves and pulsations. The factors of discourse are units of perception and
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WRITER’S GUIDE 67
feeling ; and whether the rhetorical unit happens to be also a gram- matical unit, a clause or a complete judgment, or not, is a matter of indifference to the genuine reader or writer. The articulations of which he is primarily conscious are those produced by the succes- sion of rhetorical factors, as such. The internal constitution of these factors, however, as well as the massing of them to form the period, must be noted by the learner: he must understand the order both of words and of groups of words; for in Greek the order is every- thing. This subject lies at the very beginning of Greek study; and for first steps a fortunate field of observation is afforded by Xeno- phon, with his extreme simplicity of thought and manner, the absence of a conscious artistic purpose, his Athenian lucidity and neatness. Lesser Rhetorical Masses. —The earliest groups to attract atten- tion are naturally those of an introductory or transitional character. These must be carefully compared and studied (always in intelligible combination, with their supplementary context) with regard to the usual idiomatic arrangement of the elements of which they are com- posed. Especially the so-called particles, which the Greek employs with such fluency to indicate the logical concatenation of the thought, should be observed with regard both to their mutual collocation, and to their position relatively to more prominent words that give the
key-note as it were to a significant utterance.
Ov yap ToAv cor— Ta Te yap GAa — kal Traidas S€ cou eyo — Kal a ‘ / > a , »” , 2 od \ X X\ a 0 pev On — evTadOa pevror On — TéAOs 8 ovV — Kal TO pev TPaTOV — ~ ‘ »” 2Qr b.' EBND! A 4 »” 3 y+ ‘\ , TovTO yap adv—ovde yap ode TOUTO— OTL apioT av por— pa Ara pdtv Tovey — ei py TW olv — as Ovd av dv0— oiaGa pév ody Kal ov > , \ a A a \ Q / , > oN > , — axovoavta b& tadta Tov Kipov — kal yap 69 —Ti 8 av éyo cor — TH pev yap yuvarki —7 Kal ene ovv — Kal G pev av a’tav— Kal 6 ye pos aitos — oida yotv ovcav — ev toivev TH Acia — To Te ovv webov > a Ne? / ” \ st , — évradOa 5) “AynotdAaov — él ye payv ad Kadov. Here note, for example, the position of yap, 67, ovv, relatively to , / . Gin .w each other and to we or d2 Observe the prominent position of words of negation, and the ways of placing particles in connexion with them. Observe also the frequent placing of one or more parti- cles in an inconspicuous and, at the same time, a sort of attributive position between article and noun, or between preposition and sub- stantive; likewise between avy and the relative pronoun or adverb to which ay is regularly appended when the subjunctive mode is needed. Note especially the position of dy in its potential use,
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occurring as it mostly does early in the sentence and closely joined to some highly significant word, a negative, or an interrogative, or a prominent adverb, often, however, with some particle intervening. Similar effects to those of the particles are to be observed in the placing of enclitic pronouns, ool, Twa, and the like.
Larger Rhetorical Masses.— By continuing these initial groups with their appropriate context we obtain larger effects of unity, more or less complex. The articulations indicated by the dividing line are sometimes to be marked by a perceptible pause in reciting, sometimes merely by the inflection or intonation of the voice: at any rate, on the part of a sympathetic reader a feeling for the right division and disposition of the masses is never absent; nor does he ever fail instinctively to lend to this feeling some intelligible form of oral expression.
Od yap woAv oor Sox? eivar KaAALoV 3 Q— Ta Te yap adAa | cov KaAAuov oivoxonow 4 15 — kal waidas 6: cou ey» ovpratatopas tap Ew 6 4—kai 0 pev dy trepcyaipey 9 11 — évtadOa pvtor 7dy | Kat 6 Oeios aia eAodopeiro 9 19—TEAos 8 ody | TOAAA Onpia EXwv 6 *Aorvuayns | arya 12 19 — Kal Td pev zp@Tov of aides EcKwrToOV aitév 13 27 —Tovro yap av ota ayaOdv Kayot yevic8u 17 22 — ovee yap ovde TOITO eWeroato 19 18 — dri dpior av por Soxeis eixdoat Touro 21 1— pa Ava pndey Totvey ov épuol Err BovAevouv aroxpivacGat 21 9 — ci py Tw’ otv GAXov Tporov ExeTe A€yey 22 20— ds odd Gv dvo dvdpes | 6 Erepos exi Tod Ergpov EaTyKws | TOD datos trepexorev 22 25—oicba pév ovv Kai ov | Ott ov TOde TO xpvootY oKATTpoV | To THv Baowreiav Suacadloy éotw 31 4— dxovcavra b€ TatTa TOV Kipov | 7o@nvai te Kai civeiy 38 28—xKal yap d)| Ta ye &v TH oikia pov | wavy Kal aiti) } yuvy éotw ixavy diorxeiy 41 7 —ri 8 ay eyo oo Suvatunvy ovprpagar 42 20—TH pev yap yvvasxi | kadduov évoov pévey 43 29 —7 Kal eve ovv Sno Tatra wovety 44 21 —kal a pev av aitav béy dazravay | cot duaveuntéov 44 26—xKal 6 ye Enods ciros | Grws Kas edwdysos yryvyntae | éxiweAntéov 45 1 — ofda yotv ovoay | Kal dorida Kadyv Kal Eidos kai ddpv 47 23 — év Tovey 7H “Acia | nde zpairn zpakis eyevero 53 18 —7é Te ovv zelov eis Kapiav deBiBace 54 10—évraiOa 89 "AynotAaov | avdpeiov pev feotw cixeiy 57 27 — et ye pv ad Kadov | "EXAn’ Gvta prr\edAnV eivar 59 12.
Responsiveness of the Greek Language.— The saying, “ Well begun is half done,” has a peculiar aptness to the task of writing
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Attic prose. The learner who promptly starts his Greek sentence in the right way, impelled by a true synthetic feeling, must have already conquered in great measure the difficulties of the finish. For in a language where the arrangement of the words is largely independent of the grammatical construction there must be a facile comprehension of the grammatical form before the mind can deal freely with the effects of order. As regards the larger groupings, in good writing, the arrangement is mainly the same in English as in Greek, when the intention is the same; hence in translating, the order of the principal masses must usually be pre- served, with such shifting of the grammatical construction as the difference of idiom may demand. But in dealing with words, the subtle effects of position are elusive, sometimes fairly untranslatable ; and here the writer of Greek has, in the direct and immediate re- sponsiveness of the instrument at his command, an advantage over the writer of a modern analytical language, for which only rare power and consummate skill can even partially compensate. In English the order of words, individually considered, is hampered by the law of intelligibility ; rhetoric is at the mercy of grammar: but in Greek, where grammar and rhetoric are rather harmonious than inter- dependent, there is, from the largest to the smallest element, a well- nigh perfect freedom of arrangement.
The Greek Order. — The Greek principle of order is that of natural suggestiveness and succession of ideas, as determined, for any given moment, by the mood and purpose of the speaker or writer. The thought which first arises before his mind first finds expression; the next arising is next expressed; and so on through a series of ideas, simple and complex, until the last that mentally presents itself is presented also verbally as the last. We cannot say that in Greek the thoughts are arranged in the direct order of their importance, since there are various phases of importance, variously interpreted ; nor in the order of emphasis, as the word is now commonly understood. In the antique sense of the term, however, an emphatic position is a position of priority; and such a place in the series may at any time be held by a member which, from some point of view other than that of natural suggestiveness and straight-forward mental move- ment, is of inferior importance. The power of ideas — their ethical character of force, weight, color —is inherent in the symbols chosen to represent them; but the order in which they occur to the mind,
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and are arranged in Greek writing, is not conditioned by these qualities as such. The beauty of the Greek order consists in its spontaneity, due to the mutual independence and harmonious co- operation of rhetorical and grammatical form. The sequence and involution of the words reflect intimately the sequence and involu- tion of the thoughts; and the flow of the thoughts is determined, in any given situation, by a power evolved, according to laws which can- not be precisely formulated, from the author’s intention and state of mind. To know the author and his language, to be educated by him, to fall under his spell, and finally with some measure of success to imitate his art, the learner must, as far as possible, make that intention and state of mind his own.
The arbitrary restrictions of our idiom are such as to produce regularly, in certain forms of expression, the effect of an ascending scale. Hence often in translating from the Greek the only arrange- ment permissible in English prose exhibits an inverted order of the words: épxerar Mavdavn — as ydiota dervety — cod KaAXLov oivoyo- now —inros Tots euois ypyoe. Similarly in dependent clauses: OTe pevey BovAovtro— iva veavias oixade areAOns — eredav TAXLTTA immevev a0ys. In Greek, however, the order is variable. “H pyryp dunpwra Tov Kipov | rorepov BovAoto peve 7) azvevar 6 7. In the mother’s question BovAecOa, the thought of preferring one thing to another, is foremost and precedes pévew, in the utterance as in its position before the mind of the speaker. But in the child’s reply, Taxv eirev | OTe pevey Bovrdouto 6 g, the same PovAcoOu, having been once presented and having served its turn, has passed into the background of thought and expression, while péveww has come forward. The English order in both question and answer must be the same; but in the answer we indicate the natural priority of the idea fo remain by a somewhat sharper intonation—there is an ascending scale. But in pronouncing the Greek, where the order shows everything, no change in the tone-levels would be needed. Again, after éreadav tdyiota tmrevew pabys (‘learn to ride’) 6 2, we find 7v pabw ixevew (‘do learn to ride’) 6 15: a change of word-sequence in the Greek answering precisely to the change of thought-sequence; while in English, where the order of the words is constant, the re-arrangement of the thoughts is’shown as usual by the tone or by a modified form of expression.
First come, first served.—In consequence of the frequency of
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the ascending scale in our idiom, the Greek is apt to convey to us correspondingly the effect of a descending scale. Since, however, the Greek order of words is not fixed, but adjustable to the order of ideas ; and since, assuredly, the flow of human thought may fairly be conceived rather as a forward than as a downward movement — therefore we ought to term the Greek order neither ascending nor descending, but simply d@zvect. The question of arrangement is essentially not a question of higher or lower, stronger or weaker, worse or better, but of sooner or later for the nonce. First come, first served !—a democratic principle that recognizes no privileged right to the same order of precedence on separate occasions; and each rhetorical unit offers a new occasion.
Ilarpos pev 6) 6 Kipos déyerar yeveoOar KapBioew epodv Baotréws, ‘the father of Cyrus is said to have been Cambyses, king of Persia,’ 1 1.1. In the work of Xenophon entitled The Education of Cyrus the principal personage is of course everywhere Cyrus him- self. But at the point where the passage above quoted occurs, the hero, who has already been introduced to the reader, while main- taining the dignity of grammatical subject, falls behind, so far as the order of words is concerned, to give precedence in this regard to his father, who is here for the first time presented. As usual, the zew thought, as first-comer, assumes the first position.
1 As Greek can be intelligently written, so it can be really translated, only with due regard to the order — which is equivalent to saying that it cannot be translated until it is fully comprehended. The passage above quoted can be turned into English in but one way. It should be noted also that real translation demands not merely the sacrifice of grammar to position, but often the replacing or the suppression of certain elements, as of yevéo@a: in the present passage. Compare the beginning of the Anaba- sis, Aapelov kai Ilapvodridos yiyvovra: matdes dvo, ‘Darius and Parysatis had two sons,’ where, again, the construction must be deferred to the order, - and the specific meaning of yiyvovrac replaced. In fact, while grammar holds the key to interpretation, with translation it has no concern whatever. Ae? rhv Bacidelav cadpnvicayta karadurety, ‘I must indicate with certainty the succession to the throne before I leave it,’ 30 20. Ti adv émriucrapyévny avTiny mapédaBor, ‘ What cow/d she have known when I took her (wapéda- Bov &v)?? 4113. Th dpas 6 re Av eyw Trowica cvvaviowuu Tv oixov, ‘ What do you see that I can do to help in increasing the estate?’ 42 27. All translation that deliberately aims at reproducing the grammatical form as such and the specific meaning of every word, since this can be done only at the risk of falsifying the sense, is psewdo-translation.
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Xenophon has composed what purports to be the charge of Cam- byses, formally addressed to the peers of the Persian community and to his son, when the latter returned to his native state after the capture of Babylon. First touching briefly the mutual services of these two parties, and the sentiments which ought respectively to animate them, Cambyses then goes on to say: 7v pev obv Kat Td Aourdv ovTw yryvwoknre | TOAAGY Kal dyaO@v altvioe GAA- Aous EveoGe (‘ye will be to one another authors of many blessings’) ; ei 5€ 7 ob (Cyrus) . . . €rtxeipyoes Hepody dpxew ext rXeovecia | ...% duets (Persians) . . . karadvew reipdcesOe todrov THs apxijs |
. €modmv adXAnAoLs TOAAGY Kal dyabdv Esecbe (‘ye will Azzder one another from many blessings’) 27 11. Here the English shows the ascending scale at the close of the first member of the period, but not of the second; the tone is shifted, while the order remains the same. But it is the order that changes in the Greek: éuzrodéy comes to the front as the new thought, while zoA- AGv Kat aya0Ov, already once presented, falls behind. Likewise, the suggestions of contrast have been at work here (éuzodwv the oppo- site of airwor), to produce the so-called chiastic arrangement: ayabav aitio.* éurodwv ayaav. Also, értxeipyoes apxew* KaTadvew Treipa- oeobe. — Cf. 17 24-18 1, the two positions of robs orpatudras.
The Group as Unit.—It is essential to a sound comprehension of the principle of the Greek order that the rhetorical precedence of the complex factor over the individual word should be clearly recognized. The order is revealed by counting w#zts; and the sensible unit is in the first instance not the word, but the group. Occasionally, though rarely, the waves or pulsations of thought proceed with perfect regularity and simplicity in the form of single words, so that in counting the words we count also the units: ewlovvTo | éaxovTo | amrextevov | areBvyoKov 58 4. But commonly the undulations are of varying length and volume, and, genetically, anything but simple. They might be conceived as successive rings or spirals, which have a distinct unity of their own, while within them the individuality of many a word, otherwise significant enough, becomes rhetorically submerged and subordinated. Muxpov exwv x'T@va, ‘wearing a small tunic’: first count ove; the group is the unit, to begin with. When next, however, we consider the arrange- ment of the words inside the group, we find puxpoy taking prece- dence of yir@va, because the small size of the tunic is the new and
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foremost thought in the premises, the presence of the garment itself being taken for granted. Secondarily, therefore, we may count one, two: (1) puxpov, (2) xiT@va: but not one, two, ¢#ree; for the word éxov is not co-ordinate with ». and x., but rather subordinate to their collective notion — so that we might count one, two in another way: (1) puxpov xiT@va, (2) €xwv. Why, then, did not Xenophon write puxpov xiT@va éxwv? Simply because €ywv, as an individual, was swept away and lost to view, under the unifying power of the stream of thought.
Take, again, os 8 adixero TaXuoTa, ‘as soon as she arrived,’ 2 I. In such a complex are we to begin by counting the words, and try to explain matters by insisting that adfikero stands before tTaxuoTa, or tayioTa after apixero? Certainly not. Here is a question not of one, two, or of one, two, three, but simply of owe. By the driv- ing of d¢ckero into the centre of ws tayuora the double purpose is served of expanding the phrase and minimizing the individuality of the word. We may not say that rax.ora is emphatic (supposing some invariable meaning of the word emphatic to have been agreed upon) because it is placed last; for then what right should we have to deny that the last word must be emphatic in as d€ tayuoTa agi- keto? Nor may we say that tayuora, in ws 8 adixero tayxuoTA<, is emphatic because it holds an unusual position (supposing some particular position to have been agreed upon as the usual one) ; for, by the same token adixero would be emphatic also. We may, however, affirm that the unit as 0° ddikero tayiora is more impos- ing than the unit @s tayuora would be; and that as 8 addiketo Tax.oTa, though composite in nature, is nevertheless, for the main effect, one and indivisible, while és 6 tayiora adixero would be more readily suggestive of subdivision. We might fancifully say that the idea ws tayiora, as it rose swiftly before the writer’s mind, acquired such momentum and volume as to swallow its parent adixero and bear it along in a position of comparative helplessness and obscurity.
Figurative language apart, the phenomenon under consideration is really a phase of periodic structure. As the whole period, a com- plex organism, derives its name from the inevitable tendency of synthetic utterance to hold thought in suspense until an effect of unity be secured by coming round again as it were to the point of departure, so within the several word-groups, practically indi-
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visible, of which the period is Composed, the same tendency is at work to produce an involved and rounded form. In puxpov exov xit@va and os 8 adixero TrdxXto7a the grammatical nucleus is the verb itself; its position in the rhetorical mass which has grown out of it is due to the periodic impulse. From first to last it holds true, that the Greek order strictly reproduces the natural sequence and involution of ideas, from the largest to the smallest element.
Yet one more illustration. Socrates, bent on making out a defi- nition of kaAoxéyaGia, finally determines to give over following after fair faces, and test the matter in the concrete, by going straight to one of the people who in fact received the appellation “fair and good”: okey oty por | dpeuevoy THs KaAjs dPews | ex airov Twa €\Oetvy TOv KaAoupevwv Kaddv Te Kaya0@v 40 8. The compact unity and imposing figure of the last colon or comma strike the hearer at once. The grammatical nucleus éA6eiv is linked to the surrounding envelope by the preposition and its immediate object tua, the latter being similarly involved as éA6eiy itself. Here again we can count only ove, to begin with. Probing farther, however, more deeply than the speaker can consciously have gone, we may count two: (1) atrév TOV Kadoupevov Kaddv Te KayabGv, (2) ext twa edAOdy. Analyzing (1), we find it double, the intensive atr@y naturally taking the pre- cedence. Dissecting its latter portion, Tov KaAovpevwv KadOv TE xdya0dyv, the principle of priority is confirmed to the last: xaAeoOat, newcomer for the nonce by contrast with dWews, is emphasized, while the appellation itself falls behind. It is instructive to com- pare with this the arrangement of another passage, Javpalw Tov codistov Kadovjevwv 62 12: here the appellation coduoraé is the newcomer and takes precedence of xadcioOa. ©
Period, Antithesis, Chiasmus.— The processes of human thought are marvelously fine, subtle, and intricate. The psychologist may explain them, if he can; skill and power in language consist in the ability, not to explain, but to follow them. Good writing comes rather from frequent practice, together with the contemplation of worthy models, than from any habit of speculation or analysis. Yet if can hardly be denied that the Attic Greek, by reason of its flexi- bility, clearness, and simple precision, affords a more instructive opportunity of observing some of the primary mental movements underlying literary expression than could elsewhere be gained from the phenomena of mere written language. Period, antithesis, chias-
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mus — these and other technical terms, albeit as names often highly artificial, stand in fact for natural impulses of the most elementary character. As a brief illustration we may take the period which presents Xenophon’s statement of a certain case at law, celebrated for the decision rendered by the boy judge, Cyrus, 7 1:
(1) mais péyas puxpov €xwv xiTova (2) aida pixpov péyav exovTa xiT@va (3) éxdvoas abrov
‘\ ‘ c “~ > ~ > , (4) Tov pev EavToU Exeivov nudiere
\ pony s Elst pia (5) rov d€ exeivov airos évédv.
Perfectly natural is the mutually antithetic arrangement of (1) and (2), and again of (4) and (5), shown with great clearness, as here printed, in consequence of the equal numbers of the antitheta, — one picture of the two litigants as they confronted each other in the original scene; another, of the two final high-handed acts of the aggressor. But no less natural, and equally far from any artful design on the writer’s part, is the chiastic order seen in (1) and in (2), and again in (4) and in (5).
A chiastic arrangement may result, not from a suggestion of con- trast, but merely from the due recession of some word or phrase, when the mean terms are like or synonymous. Thus, ov0' ay of GAxyior Sivawro Gv | & py etev of épyaCopevor, ‘the valiant them- selves would be unable to live, were the tillers of the soil not there,’ 37 22. Order,abbec. The mean terms, jv and civas, are brought into juxtaposition (very neatly, to be sure) merely by the receding of of épyafdpevor, which would have no right to an emphatic place immediately after the same thought has been explicitly enunciated, Tos KatacKevalovtas Tas xwpas KTA. 37 21.—Such is chiasmus: Antithesis, on the other hand, is not of contrast and recession, but of simple opposition. Another series, of similar but ew members, is brought ‘face to face’ with the first series. mais — peyas >< pikpov — xiT@va: chiasmus ,
Antithesis ; : , s : mratoa — pukpov >< peyav — xiT@va: chiasmus
‘c bebe F
al bi bazet
Finally, it is worthy of remark, that when chiasmus occurs in Eng- lish, as not infrequently in poetry, it affords relief from the rather
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To-morrow to /resh-woods and fastures new.
Euphony.— A sense of euphony often appears to be the final determining motive in the arrangement of words. Among several possible positions, any one of which would convey the whole intended meaning with sufficient precision, the choice is apt to be made (that is to say, the thoughts are prone to flow) in obedience to an instinctive desire to avoid harsh or disturbing sounds, and secure agreeable effects of melody and cadence. Even in the selection of the words them- selves the same motive is ever at work, under the same limitations. But euphony of language is only part of a greater harmony; it is not of the ear alone, but of the soul. Sense and sound are ih- separably bound together, particularly in a dialect moulded by the use of a sensitive artistic people. Hence, if at any time the Greek which we have written seems to sound badly, the reason is probably that we have not succeeded in saying exactly what we meant to say: some word has been wrongly chosen, or a false or unusual form employed; or we have not arranged the words idiomatically, as an Attic writer would have arranged them —in the order adapted to the most direct and telling presentation of the thought.
Rhetoric and Grammar.— Underlying the rhetorical art, and intimately associated therewith, are the principles of grammar. Grammar is to the writer what drawing is to the painter. In order to achieve desired effects of color, grouping, and imagery, the artist must be able to draw correctly. There are certain well-— defined laws of delineation and perspective which he may not violate and with which he ought to be acquainted, although the mere understanding of them would never enable him to paint a picture. So closely are rhetoric and grammar bound together that at some points of contact their respective functions are hardly distinguishable. But the learner should be warned against the danger of confusing them. The fundamental principles of gram- mar are absolute, and capable of exact definition; but the ways of applying them are manifold and various, subject ultimately to no limitations other than those of common sense. Thus, for example, the several forms of conditional clauses in Greek may be classified and defined with strict precision; but conditional sentences
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are not amenable to scientific classification and definition. The meaning of the whole sentence, or hypothetical period, as it is some- times termed, is the result of combining a condition and a conclu- sion; and this meaning changes as the combination changes, while the inherent value of either member, considered apart from guiding suggestions of context or environment, remains simple and constant. Ei dvacrainre d6pxnoopevor does not admit various definitions and assume various meanings because the conclusion appended to it may at one time be ovd dpGotaGu édvvacGe 5 7, at another time ov« av divvaobe, or ov Suvvncecbe, or ov Sivacbe. The truth is that in passing from conditional clauses to conditional sentences we have virtually crossed the boundary line which divides science and art; and if we fail to realize the fact of this transition, we run the risk of misunderstanding the nature of both elements—of viewing grammatical principles which are absolute as if they were variable, while perversely attempting to fix by rule the shifting and arbitrary combinations of rhetoric. If, however, the distinction here pointed out be fairly borne in mind, there is secured, on the one side, a “true grammar, a standard of first principles, for our guidance; while, on the other side, it becomes highly interesting and instructive to observe the numerous combinations that are rationally admissible, and to note the comparative frequency of their occurrence, as deter- mined, partly by the species of composition, partly by the. idiosyn- crasies of the writer himself.
Grammatical Terminology. — A word of warning is likewise needed with regard to certain wrong impressions apt to be conveyed by the traditional terminology of the Greek grammars. Technical terms cannot, at the best, serve the purpose of definition; as a rule, they can do no more than embody an appropriate thought for handy refer- ence. But names that are positively false lead the learner astray and work insidious mischief in his mind, even when they are flatly contra- dicted by the explanations offered and the examples cited under them. An illustration of this evil is afforded by the terms “ pres- ent” and “imperfect,” as commonly employed. There is, indeed, an Imperfect stem, well so named, upon which are built familiar forms of the Greek verb: Xetzeuv, Aetrret, EXeuzre, A€iy, Aelrrou, AKire, Aecrwv are all true imperfects of the Active Voice; and Aeiwe: and A€Aoure are both truly present, one of the Imperfect, the other of the Perfect-stem. Yet we hear of a “ present ” Infinitive, or a
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“ present” Subjunctive, as if any mode except the Indicative could express time as past or present; while, again, the term “ imperfect ” is currently employed exactly as if some notion of past time could properly be conveyed by this word. Even the name “aorist” (aopiatos, zndefinitus) comes to be associated in the minds of learners with a notion of past time, although in fact the only past form of the Aorist stem is the one that bears the augment, namely the Indicative.
In truth there are two tenses of present time, the Present-lmper- fect and the Present-Perfect. There are also the Past-/mperfect, the Past-Perfect, and the Past-Aorist. These are of the Indicative mode only. The properties and values of the several action-stems, clearly explained in the grammars, are common to all the modes and tenses formed thereon. The meaning of Aeizeu is ‘to be leaving,’ while Aurety means simply ‘to leave.” Whatever is true of Aeczrev, as an Imperfect, is equally true of Aedze, EXeure, A€lzry, A€lrrou, Netre, Aeizwv. Just as we have the several modes of the Aorist or the Perfect stem, so of the Imperfect stem we really find a present and a past Indicative; and there is a Subjunctive, an Optative, an Im- perative, an Infinitive, a Participle, of the /wzPerfect, but of course not of the present.
Temporal and Modal Expression.— The phenomena of Greek temporal and modal expression are to be classified and defined separately, by their essential marks and attributes — without con- fusion of the temporal and the modal principle. A conditional clause is essentially a modal form of expression, and the true division of conditions is according to the J/odes employed in stating them. To refer e dvvaror or ei dvvaro to a class of “present and past” conditions, as is sometimes done, is to convey to the learner no new truth about the verbal forms dvvarau and édvvaro, and no truth whatever that pertains to the clauses as con- ditionals. Both clauses, since they are expressed by means of the Indicative mode, are suppositions of the actual or real: just as 7v dvvnrat, by virtue of the Subjunctive mode, is a supposition of the possible or feasible; and «i dvvarro, by virtue of the Optative mode, a supposition of the conceivable or ideal. Only secondarily and incidentally can a conditional clause convey a temporal idea: the Real Condition is the only sort of condition that can positively express time as well as manner, because the Indicative is the only
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mode which has temporal forms, except upon the Future stem. Therefore the attempt to classify conditions according to the ele- ment of time leads to results which are partly gratuitous (in the case of the Indicative mode) and partly false (in the case of the Subjunc- tive and Optative modes), while containing no suggestion of the value and significance of the clauses in respect of their conditional nature.
Pure Conditional Clauses. — As original constructions, z.e. when not so dependent as to have assumed a secondary form or phase under the influence of a verb of past time governing the sentence, there are three pure conditionals in Attic prose.
I. Supposition of the Actual, or Real Condition.—A supposed case, assumed or conceded as actual in present, past, or future time, zs stated by means of the Indicative.
II. Supposition of the Possible, or Circumstantial Condition. — A supposed case ts stated, not as actual, but as still possible, by means of the Subjunctive.
III. Supposition of the Conceivable, or Vague Condition. — 4 supposed case, conceived without regard to time or possibility, ts stated by means of an Optative not of the Future. ;
Pure conditional clauses once classified and defined, we are ready to consider the more or less usual combinations of them with other constructions to form the conditional sentence or hypothetical period.
Real Condition. —I. As regards the Real Condition, it is to be observed, in the first place, that the Greek has no separate form to express an wureal condition. If the supposition of reality is intended as a false one, this unreality is shown only by the context, usually by the presence of a Potential of the Past in the conclusion of the sen- tence. Ei codés nv: ‘if he was wise,’ or ‘if he were wise ?? Which does it mean? Two forms in English, but only one inGreek! Fora specific interpretation of the supposition there is need of more than has yet been said. —‘ You are not often thus entirely at leisure,’ says Socrates to Ischomachus, finding him seated in the portico of a temple. Ode ay ye viv, replies the latter, ef uy E€vovs Twas cvve- Oéunv avapvev évOade, ‘No, nor would I be so now, had 7 not agreed (the Greek says, dd / not agree) to wait for certain friends from abroad in this place,’ 40 20. — King Agesilaus, recalled to Hellas by an official dispatch, from a foreign campaign successfully begun, ereiGero TH ToAEL OvdEV SiapEpovTus 7) Ei ev TH Ehopelw ETLXEV ETTNKWS
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povos Tapa Tovs wevTe 56 8: 7z.e. his obedience was as prompt and unhesitating as if, instead of being in Asia at the head ofa victorious army, he Aad chanced (the Greek says ‘if he chanced’) to be stand- ing alone in the presence of the five Ephors of Sparta. The precise interpretation of «i érvyev can only be got, yet is readily got, from the connection; there is, after 7, an easy ellipse of the Potential, érreiVero av.
The Real Condition of future time has always a marked rhetori- cal significance, varying slightly in tone according to the circum- stances indicated. For it is only by an act of the imagination, the result of heightened feeling, that a future contingency can be sup- posed as real. Ordinarily, when the point of view is future, the Supposition of the Possible is employed, as a matter of course. The Real Condition of the future is never a matter of course, but always implies a greater than ordinary interest in the case supposed ; con- veying sometimes the effect of a threat or a warning, sometimes apprehension, dread, or anxious hope.1. The difference between the Real and the Circumstantial Condition, rhetorically considered, is well shown in a passage already quoted from The Charge of Cam- byses 72 6. There, iv Td AoTOV OvTwW yryvwooKyrte, the form of condition ordinarily to be expected when the point of view is future, exhibits no unusual color; but in passing to e ob émxepyoes dpxew ert wreovetia, 7) wets KaTadve rreipacedOe TodTov THs apxys, the tone rises, and a note of warning is distinctly struck. See a precisely similar example in Last Words of Cyrus 32 14-17. Ad- monitory also is 59 26f. Again, Socrates, in the Symposium of Xenophon, is made to remark with pleasantry, that his choice of a helpmeet, like the selection by jockeys of more than usually mettle- some animals for practice in horse-breaking, afforded him an excellent propaedeutic discipline for successful dealings with man- kind in general: ed cidws drt, ef TavTyv iroicw (‘if I manage to endure her’), padiws Tots ye GAAos Aracw avOpurro.s ovvecopar 49 10. A matter-of-course jv tavryv trodépw would have been feeble here; the prospect of sustaining or continuing to sustain matrimo- nial relations with a Xanthippe might well impress itself upon the
1 The Supposition of the Possible may be employed 7 connection with an idea of apprehension or dread, as seen in the construction of the Sub- jective Conditional 90 38; but this idea is not suggested by the form of the condition itself, when the Subjunctive is used.
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mind with peculiar vividness of apprehension. Note that in this passage also the Real Condition is preceded by the Circumstantial Condition in mentioning the horse-breakers, the unremarkable jy dvvwvrat Kar exe 49 7.
Circumstantial Condition. —JII. The Circumstantial Condition is employed in combination with the Universal Present, or with some other form of expression in which the point of view is not past. A past point of view and the Singular Present are excluded by virtue of the essential meaning of the Subjunctive mode. While the uses of the Latin subjunctive, so-named, are only to a limited extent the same as those of the Greek mode (in conditionals, totally diverse), the English and the Greek subjunctive are alike in nature. But the obsolescence of a distinction of form between indicative and subjunctive in the English language has tended to obscure this truth.
Vague Condition. —III. The Vague Condition is exceedingly loose as to its rhetorical associations — ofa passim regione vagatur. There is no limitation of the temporal point of view, as to present, past, or future. The conclusion, however, must be of an indefinite or a universal character; a specific or singular form of statement in the apodosis (an Indicative of the future is not such) would be inconsistent with the essential meaning of the Optative mode. The conclusion is often a Past-Imperfect, of habitual action; sometimes an Indicative of the future; less rarely a Universal Present; very often a Potential. But the characteristic vagueness finds expression in a great variety of ways— through an Infinitive or a verbal sub- stantive, or something of an elliptical or exclamatory nature. The royal cupbearers of the Orient, as Xenophon affirms, regularly taste the wine which they have poured, before offering the cup, tod 6y et pdppaka eyxouev py Avowredcty adrois, ‘to the end forsooth that, supposing them to pour in deadly drugs, it may avail them not,’ 4 19. — Xap/ev, exclaims King Astyages, on being asked by his grandson if he might take the other boys and go a-hunting; yapiev, ei veka Kpeadiov, TH Ovyarpl Tov raida aroBovKoAncayu, ‘A pretty mess, were I to let my daughter’s child stray from the fold, for the sake of a few morsels of meat!’ 11 26. Similarly, otdev dpedos (‘no use’) 7oAAG dpodv, ef py Elev of GonfovTes 37 20.
The Vague Condition is a mere supposition, just the zd@ea and nothing more: putting as fanciful or impossible a case as the speaker may see fit to put; or, again, putting an ordinary case in what
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might be termed a non-committal way, when for any reason the speaker sees fit so to put it. In the Symposium of Phto 175 D, upon the playful suggestion of Agathon, that by reclining next to Socrates at the banquet he might derive somewhat of the philo- 5 snplical throngh contact with the ptocapees, tee Teter eeves: ES Gy dou, rowiroy cy § cogea Sor’ €x Tow 7. eis TOV KQrwrépor pciy Fuser, Cay azrepea GApAar, ‘It were a capital idea, supposing wisdom to be such a thing as to flow out of the fuller m2n into the emptier one among us, if we take hold of each other.’ 70 Note that the fanciful and purely imaginary character of the first hypothesis is not shared by the second, éay azrepefa GAApAew. — In The Death of Cyrus the Younger, Xenophon mentions the custom, regularly observed by Persian military leaders, of holding the central position in the line: vomilorres ovrw wai éy aoGakcorare ara, Wr 9 15 @ icyts airer xxrepedics, mai 4 Tt TupayydAa ypylour, Fuica Gy Xpere aicGuresGa: TO oTparerma, ‘believing that they are not only in the safest place in this way, if their force be on either hand, but also, should they wish to pass an order, it would take bat half as long a time for the army to apprehend it, 3619. There is in the 20 second hypothesis. a m: zupayydAa: ypylaer, nothing of a fanciful or €xir2ordinary mature, nor is it by any means intended to suggest something unlikely to occur: bat the ideal form is appropriate to a supposed case not marked by the imevitableness, the purely arcum- stantial or explanatory quality of @r 5 9 inyis atrer exarepeber. 25 Relative Indefinitte.— Relative Clauses. not denoting purpose, introduced by relative pronouns or adverbs (except those meaning watil and =pa Seforc) referring to an indefinite antecedent, have the same uses of the modes as conditional clauses. The pro- portion of frequency of occurrence. however, among the different 30 cesses SS, as might be expected, not the same im conditional relbtive Clamses as im pure conditionals. The Subjunctive is ex- ceedingly common, 3 24, 4 17, 5 24. 25.6 2,5.812. The Indicative is of far less frequent occurrence than the Subjunctive in indefinite relative clauses, 5 27,10 11; the indicative of the fu/ure, exceed- 35 ingly rare. The Vague Condition as a relative construction is fre- quent, more usma] when the poimt of view is past than otherwise, i 14,7 22,8 2,12 15.21. An example in which the point of view is not past occurs in The Grand Hunting Party: Cyrus, to his grand- sire the king. Ei BowAa, Edm. Hocus pe Gnpay, ages rows mar Epé
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wayras Susxesy xai bo-yorilerba Gres Karros xpdtwra Sivarr0 12 8 - i.e. If you wish me to enjoy my hunting, permit my mates to vie with me in the chase, ‘ each one with al] bis might, as best he may” (Szws E&agros xparwra Siwaro). The modal construction is the 5 same as if @ zws had been said imstead of crws, but there is no idiomatic equivalent in English, as far as the mode is concerned. In the Greek, the speaker does not commit himself to a real. or even a possible, supposition of ability and strength as variously to be manifested by his several companions: he merely puts the case 10 hypothetically, in the vaguest manner.
Original and Secondary Constructions.—In dealing with the Optative mode it is necessary to distinguish with care between Original and Secondary constructions. There are only three ori- ginal constructions of the optative: the expression of a wish, the
15 potential use (with ay), and the pure conditional or conditional relative clause. In all other uses the opiative is secondary — theoretically replacing the indicative or the subjunctive m a sab- ordinate clause under the influence of a verb of fast time governing the sentence. We find that al] subordinate clauses in Greek are
20 to be assigned to one or the other of two great Classes, marked by a fundamental difference of character. In one of these Classes the Optative may zof replace the indicative or the subjunctive in the subordinate clanse under the influence of a verb of past time in the superior clause; so that all optatives occurring im clauses of this
25 class, when the verb of the superior clause is not itself dependent. are original constructions. 1 14. 2 23,5 6,722,27- In the other class the Optative may, with certain limitations. be so generated under the influence of the past time of the superior Clause; and any optative not potential that occurs in a Cause of this (second)
30 class must be a secondary construction, 3 3. 424.5 19. 7 7. 8-— The principle underlying this division must be briefly explained before presenting a tabular statement of the classification itself
Subordinate clauses are of the First or the Second class. accord- ingly as they designate purely external circumstances and condi-
35 tions, or pertain inwardly im some way to the active consciousness of the subject of the superior Clause. — Oi yoreis éxumcAotrra: Gres
Of zaides airois yarewra Ss dewaroy BeArwra 51 2. O =zaTHp
“Opnpou éxy pabdiy 47 3. In these two sentences the subordinate
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clauses, denoting finality of care, belong to the Second class. The thought yerco@u SeAriwrovs, dyabor yereo@Gu, pertains inwardly to the active consciousness of the parents, the father; it does not con- vey a purely external circumstance or limitation, stated as such by the speaker or writer. The optative yevosq is secondary, theo- retically replacing a subjunctive, and due to the past time of the superior verb qayxace. Again, iore Ort “Ounpos zerornxe oycdov xé€pi Taytrew Tey ayOpexiver 47 $: in the subordinate clause of this sentence the thought rerompxeva: “Onnpoy is not expressed as denot- ing a purely external fact, but as an object of perception on the part of the subject of igre, the persons whom the speaker is addressing. Therefore, had this verb tore been of past time, it might have caused rerocpxe to be replaced by zeronjxa. Such, in general, is the principle underlying all subordinate clauses of the Second class. — Of the First class are the subordinate clauses of the following sentences: ideiy éxefue. ort Gxovey airor KaAdy xayeGor cya: 1 17; Goa zpayuara eyes, a dvayxy co éxi zayra ratvra deravear Tas xeipas 3 5; Gray rovrew tous Oiyps, cifis adzoxabaipa ti xcipa 325; as Gs To rediov BAG, axovricas xaraBadlAra TH CAador 9 9. Here, the causal 67 Hxover, the pure conditional & avayxy éo7e. the indefinite temporal relative Gray Gryys. the definite temporal relative Gs #AGev, are seen to be merely explanatory or limiting terms or relations, stated as such by the speaker or writer, not as marking any effort or any act of perception or declaration on the part of the 5 subjects of the verbs érethima. €yas. droxafaipa, xavaBadra. In no clause of this nature could an optative be produced by the past time of the superior clause, but when an optative occurs in such a subordinate clause, it must, unless the verb of the superior clause is itself in some way dependent upon a verb of past time, be an
3© original construction. Thus, the optative must be original in the
sentence @ raos daero “Acredyys. =peros yoGdvero Kipos, ‘sup- posing Astyages to be in need of anything, Cyrus was regularly the first to perceive it,” 7 27: the subordinate clause, being a pure con- ditional, is of the First class. But im such sentences as the two
35 following, the subordinate clauses, denoting respectively an object
of perception and finality of fear, would be of the Second class, and the optative would necessarily have been produced by the past time of the superior clause: zp@ros yoGavero ore Sccnr6 Twos “Aoteayys (‘that Astyages was in need of something’); égoSeivo py twos
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Scuro “Aorvayys (‘lest he might be in need of something’). In the former sentence dauro is theoretically the past phase of ddira; in the latter, of dajrar
Scheme of Subordinate Clauses.
€ Cansal ’ _
Reet eis [~ ( Relative Definite ) |_ { Relative Indefinite (except until)? , ( Pure Conditional 5
f Objective Conditional (jj or ov) 4 + Declarative and Perceptive - ow \ Interrogative of the Actual SECOND CLass| Subjective Conditional | Interrogative of the Possible ak _sicea nonin
| = + Ba Final | care or eaioTt |
| fear
L __ expectation (untd) }
The function of a subordinate clause of the First class ts to com- 5 plete the judgment begun in the superior clause, either by adding some explanatory circumstance or relation (negatively with ov), or by conveying some term of limitation (negatively with py). The function of a subordinate clause of the Second class is not merely to complete the judgment begun in the superior clause, but 10 also to mark some act of feeling, percepiion, or declaration (nega- tively with ov), or some effort of intention (negatively with py) on the part of its subject. | A subordinate clause of the First class may have the Optative instead of the indicative or the subjunctive only when the verb of the 15 superior clause is itself in some way dependent and the time of the sentence is past.— In the Symposium of Xenophon, Callias had said to his guests *Hy zap époi owvéaziyre, éxideiie Ta Eu codiar. In due time Socrates reminds them of the promise of their host: €dy yaa dyzor, a ovwwdazvoiper. éxideifay Ty atTov codiay 46 18. The 20 pure conditional #w oweéazvqre, a Clause of the First class, has come to sustain, now that its superior verb émidafw has been made dependent on é@y, the same relation io the subject of égy as a clause of the second class would sustain to the subject of its own
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superior verb. Hence the Optative ovvdervotmev. Another illus- tration occurs 53 19, quoted and discussed below 87 34, where oreioaito and wéuyere are past phases of subordinate clauses of the — First class. Cf. 29 8, 9; also below, 99 1, 8.— The Optative is very rarely found representing an Aorist /ndicative in a clause of the First class. Thus 53 20, if Tissaphernes had originally said, not ots Gy weuyw, but ods éxeua, then the secondary form after duocev would have been erewe. For if the Optative could replace both the indicative and the subjunctive of the aorist stem, it would often involve a serious ambiguity of meaning. — In no case can the Opta- tive represent a Potential of the Past, nor a real condition limiting such a potential.
The Past Phase. — The principle of the Past Phase is a principle of mental Jersfective. The idea conveyed by a subordinate clause is shifted to a position which, to the hearer or reader, shall be no longer merely the same as that which it must have occupied relatively to him who first conceived it. A new form enters to indicate a dif- ferent angle of vision, so to speak, at which the thought has come to be viewed. It is now seen in frofile. Callias had said jv ovvdearvare, looking forward; Socrates says ei ovvdazvoipev, looking back, but combining with this regard the original provision of Callias. Such is, in effect, the principle of the past phase — of all secondary con- structions of the Optative mode. It is not enough, however, merely to recognize the nature of the principle and its unity as a law of expression: the student of Greek must familiarize himself widely with its concrete manifestations, and acquire, as can be done through sympathetic reading only, an appreciation of the human motives which at one time tend to call the law into active exercise, at another time to leave it inoperative. In formulating the principle as such, we can merely say that, in certain cases, the Optative may replace the indicative or the subjunctive when the time of the sentence is past. But to the author it is never a matter of indifference whether he avail himself or do not avail himself of this right; he is guided by an immediate motive to make clear his exact intention. the feeling that dominates him and the point of view that he is led to choose in a given case.
The facility with which an original construction is enabled to retain its primary form, by resisting the influence of the past time of the sentence, with the consequent effects of variety and liveliness
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of style, is one of the most striking characteristics of the ancient Greek language. Like the real condition of future time, like a present tense employed for the future, especially like what is known as the historical present, the idiomatic tendency which we are now considering is due to a quick and active imagination. Specifically, it evinces a ready faculty of recalling and reproducing the aspects of a former scene, the views and motives of a past occasion. The idiom manifests itself in varying degrees of force or frequency, according to the species of composition and the individuality of the writer. As regards the style of Xenophon, suffice it here to remark that he is not over-prone to resist the intrusion of the Past Phase, but betrays, comparatively speaking, a marked liking for the Opta- tive mode. Nevertheless, the idiom can be adequately illustrated from our models.
In the year 396 B.c., three years after the Return of the Ten Thousand, when the Lacedaemonians and their allies were delib- erating in view of a public rumor that the Great King contemplated an attack upon Hellas, king Agesilaus iréory, éav d0cw aire tpia- Kova pev Sraptutav, xtA., duByoecGa cis tv “Aciay Kal 7re- pacecOar cipyvyv rojo, 7, av todepeiy BovAnta 6 BapBapos, doxoNav aire rapeev oTpatevav éxi Tovs “EAAnvas 53 4. The subordinate clauses éay d@ow (dare) and av BovAnra: are amenable to the law of the Past Phase, since the verbs of their superior clauses, diaByoecGa (diaBynooua) and rapefev (zapefw), are themselves de- pendent upon tzeorn. But the extraordinary success known at the time of writing to have been attained by the Spartan king in making good the promise, along with the writer’s warm admiration for the man, would naturally lead Xenophon to retain as far as possible the original form of expression. We seem to sit and listen, and are well-pleased to be present, while Agesilaus states about how many Greeks will be enough to keep the whole of Asia busy. — The campaign opens with a characteristic piece of oriental diplomacy. Not the Commander of the Faithful in person, but his fdus Achates, appears upon the scene. Tissaphernes ®pooev “Aynowray, ei o7ei- gato ews EAGouev ots Tremere TpOs Bacitea ayyécAovs, duarpater bau atta adeOjvar aitovopous Tas ev TH Agia ToAas EAAnvidas 53 19. The words of the oath were, 7v oveiorn éws Gv EAGwow ovs av TéEpw mpos Baotréa ayyéAous, Suarpafouat oo. krA. A ceremony of de- liberate perjury, soon revealed, at which most readers would zof care
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to assist. At any rate there are reasons why the writer here might well prefer to throw the words of the viceroy into a remote and, by implication, deprecatory form. For while neither the insincerity of a promise nor any sort of unlikelihood of realization can ever be distinctly conveyed by the secondary phase as such, yet in matters of this kind the use of the Optative is sometimes a step in the right direction — just as, on the other hand, it behooves a writer to avoid the Optative when the absolute truth of a judgment transcends its relative value as a subordinate statement, 89 5.
In the following passage of the eulogy of Agesilaus certain ethical views of the Greek are offset against those of the Persian king. ‘I admire Agesilaus for the fact,’ says Xenophon, dru ody dmdrepos treo TE XpHpata Exo Kal TAELOVWY ApxoL, TOUTW HyHTaTO péEiCov povntéov eivar, GAN’ SrdTEpos adTds TE GpeEtvwv ely Kal apevovwv yyoro 60 1. The question that presented itself to the mind of the Spartan was, whether of the two ought to be the prouder, he who possessed the greater amount of property and ruled the greater number of subjects, or he who was the better man, with better men under his command. The clauses of this sentence assume the past phase naturally enough; the more readily, perhaps, in consequence of the negation of the first member. But the optative serves as a foil for what immediately follows: 6 pév yap Lepons, vopilwv, Hv Xpnpata rAcioTa €xn, TAVE bp EavTS wornoerOau, dua TOTO wav pev TO év avOpwros xpvoiov, tav b& TO dpyvpiov, ravta S€ Ta ToAv- TeAcoTaTa é7reipaTo pos EavTov aOpoilev. Here, not only does the retention of the primary phase, jv xojpara wAcioTa éxy, point the contrast with éz0repos dyeivwv ein, but there is a touch of satire in the vivid presentation of crude sentiment, just as it was entertained by the despot himself. — Similar, but with very different feeling, is the realization effected by retention of the primary phase in the proclamation and challenge issued by Agesilaus in Asia. All who craved deliverance and independence were to rally under his stand- ard; «i d¢ tues Thy “Aciay éavtdv rovotvrat (‘are disposed to claim as their own’), mpds Tovs eAevOzpodvras év OmAots wapetvar 55 6. The time of the sentence is past; but the writer does not give us «i wovoivro — he has forgotten that he is not even now present at the scene.
Primary and secondary phase may appear in different clauses of the same sentence. Cyrus, now a conqueror, ewe to Kuadpy ore
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olkos aira eEnpypevos ein év BaBvAGue kat dpyxeta, drws Exy Kal Grav éxeioe €AGn eis oixela KatdéyecGar 25 18. Note that at the time of Cyrus’ speaking the setting apart of the mansion was an already accomplished fact, while the purpose of it all (O7ws €yyn xrA.), though past to the writer, was to the speaker yet unfulfilled. — There is, how- ever, not always a distinct ethical significance, nor even any note- worthy imaginativeness, attaching to the choice of alternate modes of expression; but the motives for retention of a primary phase are often eminently practical and obvious. To revert to the lesson in justice impressed with the aid of birch upon the mind of the youthful Cyrus by his preceptor: démdre 6€ Kpivar deou torépov 6 xiTwV «in, Tour édyn okenTéov eival, Tis KTHOWS OuKaia éoti, KTA. 7 8. The teacher said, émérav dé kpivat, toT€epov 6 xiTwv éaTL, TOUTO TKETTEOV, tis kThows dixata eori. In the first two clauses the past phase enters by presumption and in aceordance with Xenophon’s prevailing man- ner; but the last clause, the question, What is rightful possession ?, retains the original construction, as well as the direct form of the interrogative word (ris, not 7 Tus), in consequence of the universality of the sentiment and its typical importance in illustrating the doc- trine to be inculcated. Cf. 8 24-27, where the Gnomic Aorist du€pOepay and the Universal Present dowveis ciow are constructions that strongly resist the influence of a governing verb of past time. In the next sentence of the same passage the past phase asserts itself, dre b200 8 28. Cf, further, 20 2, 61 29.
It remains to explain and illustrate the nature of the clauses designated in the tabular scheme as Objective Conditional and Sub- jective Conditional. These are idiomatic uses of the Real and the Circumstantial Condition, wherein the connection of thought is such that the conditions, instead of denoting purely external limitations, have come to pertain inwardly to the active consciousness of the subject of the superior clause. When applied in this manner they may take the Optative, if the superior verb is of past time, and thus fall in the second class of subordinate clauses. The terms odjectcve and subjective are accommodated to the fact, that of these construc- tions one is virtually equivalent to a clause denoting an object of perception or feeling, the other to a clause denoting an effort of intention.
Objective Conditional. — W7th verbs of surprise, indignation, pity, and other emotions a conditional clause with the Indicative (Real
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Condition 79) may denote the object of feeling, but negatively oftener with pn than ov.
‘Did yow impart all this useful knowledge to your wife, asks Socrates of Ischomachus, ‘ or did she bring it from the home of her parents?’ ‘No, indeed!” replies Ischomachus; od yap d&yamrnrév cou doxel elvar, ei povov HAGEv emiotapevn Epra TapaAdaBovoa twatvov drrodeifar; 41 17: ze. ‘Are you not content, that (if) when she came to me she should have known (knew) no more than how to Weave a garment, efc.?? Cf. otk aioxpor, ei und evyetpnooper (‘if we will not even attempt’) ouvdvres @peAciv te 7) edppaive dddy- Aovs; 46 13. In either of these sentences the condition, by virtue of the peculiar application of it, would be amenable to the law of the past phase ; practically, however, in the former the Aorist Indicative 7AGev could not be replaced by the optative, were doxe? to become eddxet, cf. 86 4 ff. — There is a wavering between jj and od in this construction (the sole instance in which the subdivision of the two Classes is not precisely determined by the particle of negation), accordingly as the conditional meaning of e or the objective char- acter of the clause as a whole is uppermost in a given case. When ov is employed we should hardly expect to find it placed very near to «i: cf. Isocrates 1, 44 pi Oavpacys, ei toda TOV cipnuevwn od Tpere GOL TPOS THY Vov Tapotoav ArKiav, ‘do not be surprised if many of my precepts are unsuited to your present time of life.’
Learners must give careful attention to the past phase of the Real Condition of Future time, when applied as an objective con- ditional clause. A familiar illustration is from the Anabasis, I. 4, 7. Xenias and Pasion had absconded. A report went abroad that Cyrus was in pursuit of them. Of the Greeks, some prayed that the cowards might be captured; ot 8€ wxrepov, ef dAwoouTo, ‘while others thought it too bad if they should be taken.’ With the sym- pathizers the realization of the future contingency, e& dAwcovra, becomes an object of feeling. — Again, in The Taking of Babylon, the city is invested with the aid of races whom the besieged regard as at heart well-disposed toward themselves: rtovTwv xateyéAuv, evvoovpevor ei opas Ppvyes kal Avdol pvAdgouev 23 17. ‘The very idea, that Phrygians and Lydians are to watch us (qya@s dvAa- fovow)!? That is what the Babylonians were really laughing at.
Subjective Conditional.— A conditional clause with the Sub-
jJunctive (Circumstantial Condition 79) or the Future Indicative
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(Real Condition 79, 80 8) may be used subjectively, when some design or some feeling of apprehension ts implied with reference to the supposed case.
The first time Cyrus goes out hunting, Astyages sends guards along with him (@vAaxas oupréurer), Orws ard TOV dvotxXwpLov pvdarroev aiTov Kai ei TOV